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Share-Based Compensation Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Share-Based Compensation Plans
21. Share-Based Compensation Plans
The following table presents our total share-based compensation expense:
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)202320222021
Share-based compensation expense - pre-tax(a)
$199 $288 $278 
Share-based compensation expense - after tax(b)
157 228 220 
(a)As a result of accelerated vesting events, such as retirement eligibility in the year of grant and involuntary terminations, we recognized $58 million, $67 million and $67 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, prior to the end of the specified vesting periods. It is our policy to reverse compensation expense for forfeited awards when they occur. Excludes share-based compensation expense of $60 million, $75 million and $88 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for units issued to Corebridge employees that will be settled in Corebridge common stock.
(b)We also recognized $21 million of tax benefit due to share settlements occurring in 2023.
EMPLOYEE PLANS
The Company sponsors several stock compensation programs under the AIG Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) (as amended) from which performance share units (PSUs), restricted stock units (RSUs), stock options and deferred stock units (DSUs) (collectively units) are issued. In addition, off-cycle grants are made from time to time during the year generally as sign-on awards to new hires or as a result of a change in employee status. The LTIP was governed by the AIG 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2013 Plan), until it was replaced by the AIG 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2021 Omnibus Plan), which was adopted at the annual shareholders’ meeting in May 2021. The adoption occurred after the annual 2021 LTIP awards were granted.
Our share-settled awards are settled with previously acquired shares held in AIG’s treasury.
AIG Omnibus Incentive Plan
The 2021 Omnibus Plan provided for the grants of share-based awards to our employees and non-employee directors. The total number of shares granted under the 2021 Plan (the reserve) was the sum of 1) 8.1 million shares of AIG Common Stock, plus 2) the number of authorized shares that remained available for issuance under the 2013 Plan when the 2021 Omnibus Plan became effective, plus 3) the number of shares of AIG Common Stock relating to outstanding awards under the 2013 Plan at the time the 2021 Omnibus Plan became effective that subsequently were forfeited, expired, terminated or otherwise lapse or are settled in cash. Each share-based unit granted under the Omnibus Plan reduces the number of shares available for future grants by one share. However, shares with respect to awards that are forfeited, expired or settled for cash are returned to the reserve. As of December 31, 2023, 23,836,222 shares are available for future grants.
AIG Long Term Incentive Plan
Long-Term Incentive (LTI) Awards
The LTIP provides for an annual award to certain employees, including our senior executive officers and other highly compensated employees that may be comprised of a combination of one or more of the following units: PSUs, RSUs or stock options.
The number of PSUs issued on the grant date (the target) provides the opportunity for LTIP participants (usually senior management) to receive shares of AIG Common Stock based on AIG achieving specified performance goals at the end of a three-year performance period. These performance goals are pre-established by AIG’s Compensation and Management Resources Committee (CMRC) for each annual grant and may differ from year to year. The actual number of PSUs earned can vary from zero to 200 percent of the target for the 2023, 2022 and 2021 LTI awards, depending on AIG’s performance relative to a specified peer group and/or the outcome of pre-established financial goals, as applicable.
RSUs and stock options are earned based solely on continued service by the participant.
Vesting occurs on January 1 of the year immediately following the end of the three-year performance and service period. Beginning in 2022, vesting for RSUs and stock options awarded occurs in three equal installments on the first, second and third anniversary of the grant date. Recipients must be employed at each vesting date to be entitled to share delivery, except upon the occurrence of an accelerated vesting event, such as an involuntary termination without cause, disability, retirement eligibility or death during the vesting period. However, for involuntarily terminated employees hired after April 1, 2022 unvested RSUs and options are forfeited on the termination date, while PSUs are pro-rated based on the number of completed years in the performance period.
Prior to 2021, LTI awards and other share-settled grants accrued dividend equivalent units (DEUs) in the form of additional PSUs and RSUs whenever a cash dividend was declared on shares of AIG Common Stock; the DEUs were subject to the same vesting terms and conditions as the underlying unit. Beginning in 2021, PSUs and RSUs granted accrue dividend equivalent rights (DERs) as AIG’s dividends are declared. These DERs are settled in cash only if the underlying units’ vesting conditions are met; previously accrued DEUs were not impacted by this change.
Unit Valuation
The fair value of time-vesting RSUs as well as PSUs that are earned based on certain company-specific metrics was based on the closing price of AIG Common Stock on the grant date; while the fair value of PSUs that are earned based on AIG’s relative total shareholder return (TSR) was determined on the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation.
The following table presents the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of PSUs that vest based on AIG’s TSR(a):
202320222021
Expected dividend yield(b)
— %— %— %
Expected volatility(c)
37.98 %47.60 %47.63 %
Risk-free interest rate(d)
4.42 %1.71 %0.28 %
(a)PSUs will be adjusted by +/-25 percent if AIG's TSR is in the top or bottom quartile of the peer group at the culmination of the performance period for the 2021 LTI award.
(b)The award agreement provides that TSR for AIG and each member of the Peer Group will be calculated assuming dividends distributed are reinvested on the ex‑dividend date.
(c)We used the historical volatility over the most recent 2.86-year period for AIG and the members of the Peer Group, commensurate with the remaining Performance Period as of the valuation date.
(d)We converted the semi-annual zero-coupon U.S. Treasury rates as of the valuation date to continuously compounded rates. We then chose the continuously compounded risk-free rate that is commensurate with the length of the remaining performance period as of the valuation date and interpolated between the yields of the two-year and the three-year continuously compounded rates to determine the yield.
Modification
During 2022 in connection with the 2022 Corebridge IPO, approximately 4 million RSUs held by 735 Corebridge LTIP participants who were actively employed on the IPO date were converted to approximately 10 million Corebridge RSUs in accordance with the anti-dilution provision of the 2021 Omnibus Plan. The vesting terms of the Corebridge RSUs remain the same as the pre-converted RSUs but will be settled in Corebridge common stock. This conversion is considered a modification for accounting purposes and did not result in incremental compensation expense.
The following table summarizes outstanding share-settled LTI awards(a):
Number of UnitsWeighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
As of or for the Year Ended December 31, 2023(b)
2023 LTI2022 LTI2021 LTI2023 LTI2022 LTI2021 LTI
Unvested, beginning of year 2,280,431 2,696,264 $ $61.86 $45.40 
Granted2,752,390   59.98   
Vested(c)
(876,285)(969,438)(689,706)59.92 61.75 45.97 
Forfeited(141,136)(202,840)(278,707)59.88 61.93 45.85 
Unvested, end of year(d)
1,734,969 1,108,153 1,727,851 $60.02 $61.95 $45.08 
(a)Excludes stock options, other RSUs and DSUs, which are discussed under Stock Options, Other RSU Grants and Non-Employee Plan, respectively.
(b)PSUs represent target amount granted and does not reflect potential increases or decreases that could result from the final outcome of the performance goals for the respective awards, which is determined by the CMRC in the quarter after the applicable performance period ends.
(c)Also reflects units that vest as a result of an accelerated vesting event that occurred prior to the specified vesting date but for which share delivery has not yet occurred.
(d)At December 31, 2023, the total unrecognized compensation cost for outstanding RSUs and PSUs was $111 million and the weighted-average and expected period of years over which that cost is expected to be recognized are 1.01 years and 3 years.
Stock Options
Stock options were issued as part of the 2023, 2022 and 2021 LTI awards, and to certain newly hired senior executives in 2017 and 2018. Option awards are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the company’s stock on the grant date and are exercisable up to 10 years from the date of grant, or 3 years from the date of an involuntary termination or the option's expiration date, if earlier. The fair value of the options was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes model for the time-vesting options, and a Monte Carlo simulation for the hurdle-vesting options using the assumptions noted in the following table.
The following weighted-average assumptions were used for stock options granted:
202320222021
Expected annual dividend yield(a)
2.14 %2.08 %2.89 %
Expected volatility(b)
25.17 %32.13 %36.68 %
Risk-free interest rate(c)
4.06 %1.92 %0.95 %
Expected term(d)
6.00years6.00years6.43years
(a)The dividend yield is the last dividend from Bloomberg times 4 divided by stock price based on Bloomberg Professional service as of the valuation date.
(b)The expected volatility is based on the implied volatility of 24 months stock option estimated by the Bloomberg Professional service as of the valuation date.
(c)The risk-free interest rate is calculated as the interpolated zero rate as of the valuation date.
(d)The contractual term is 10 years from the date of grant.
The following table provides a rollforward of stock option activity:
As of or for the Year Ended December 31, 2023UnitsWeighted
Average
Exercise Price
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
Aggregate
Intrinsic Values
(in millions)
Outstanding, beginning of year12,893,412 $48.94 6.95
Granted1,352,039 59.72 
Exercised(1,039,998)41.29 
Forfeited or expired(909,792)50.13 
Outstanding, end of year12,295,661 $50.69 6.81$210 
Exercisable, end of year9,810,882 $47.95 6.24$194 
The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $11.43, $10.77 and $10.00, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, we recognized $18 million of expense, while $15 million was unrecognized and is expected to be amortized up to 2.25 years. We received $43 million in cash from the exercise of stock options during 2023.
Other RSU Grants
The Company may issue time-vesting RSUs for various reasons including, as a sign-on bonus, retention grant or replacement award in an acquisition. Vesting for these awards ranges from 1 to 5 years and is contingent on continuous service.
The following table summarizes outstanding share-settled Other RSU grants.
Number of UnitsWeighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
As of or for the Year Ended December 31,202320222021202320222021
Unvested, beginning of year1,488,248 819,640 1,151,380 $54.77 $43.95 $46.18 
Granted208,641 1,070,458 493,140 62.42 60.16 49.36 
Vested(252,635)(290,037)(699,067)49.42 44.59 50.03 
Converted(a)
 (91,300)—  52.90 — 
Forfeited(82,540)(20,513)(125,813)40.70 55.89 51.80 
Unvested, end of year1,361,714 1,488,248 819,640 $57.79 $54.77 $43.95 
(a)Represents RSUs converted to Corebridge RSUs as a result of the IPO.
We recognized $20 million of expense related to these RSU grants in 2023. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to these grants was $54 million and the weighted-average and expected period of years over which that cost is expected to be recognized are 1.79 years and 4 years at December 31, 2023.
NON-EMPLOYEE PLAN
Our non-employee directors, who serve on our Board of Directors, receive share-based compensation in the form of fully vested DSUs with delivery deferred until retirement from the Board. DSUs granted in 2023, 2022 and 2021 accrue dividend equivalents in the form of additional DSUs equal to the amount of any regular quarterly dividend that would have been paid by AIG if the shares of AIG Common Stock underlying the DSUs had been outstanding. In 2023, 2022 and 2021, we granted to non-employee directors 47,344, 46,273 and 55,133 DSUs, respectively, and recognized expense of $2.6 million, $2.7 million and $2.7 million, respectively.