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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The following list identifies our significant accounting policies presented in other Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements, with a reference to the Note where a detailed description can be found:
Note 6. Investments
Fixed maturity and equity securities
Other invested assets
Short-term investments
Net investment income
Net realized gains (losses)
Allowance for credit losses
Note 7. Lending Activities
Mortgage and other loans receivable – net of allowance
Note 8. Reinsurance
Reinsurance assets – net of allowance
Retroactive reinsurance
Note 9. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred policy acquisition costs
Deferred sales inducements
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
Note 10. Variable Interest Entities
Note 11. Derivatives and Hedge Accounting
Derivative assets and liabilities, at fair value
Note 12. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Note 13. Insurance Liabilities
Liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
Discounting of reserves
Future policy benefits
Policyholder contract deposits
Other policyholder funds
Note 14. Market Risk Benefits
Note 16. Debt
Long-term debt
Debt of consolidated investment entities
Note 17. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees
Legal contingencies
Note 19. Earnings Per Common Share (EPS)
Note 23. Income Taxes
OTHER SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Insurance revenues include premiums and policy fees. All premiums and policy fees are presented net of reinsurance, as applicable. Premiums for short-duration contracts are recorded as written on the inception date of the policy. Premiums are earned primarily on a pro rata basis over the term of the related coverage. Sales of extended services contracts are reflected as premiums written and earned on a pro rata basis over the term of the related coverage. In addition, certain miscellaneous income is included as premiums written and earned. The reserve for unearned premiums includes the portion of premiums written relating to the unexpired terms of coverage. Reinsurance premiums are typically earned over the same period as the underlying policies or risks covered by the contract. As a result, the earnings pattern of a reinsurance contract may extend up to 24 months, reflecting the inception dates of the underlying policies throughout the year. Premiums from long-duration life products, other than universal and variable life contracts, are recognized as revenues when due. Premiums from individual and group annuity contracts that are life contingent are recognized as revenues when due.
For limited payment contracts, premiums are due over a significantly shorter period than the period over which benefits are provided. The difference between the gross premium received and recorded as revenue and the net premium is deferred and recognized in Policyholder benefits in a constant relationship to insurance in-force, or for annuities, the amount of expected future policy benefits. This Deferred Profit Liability (DPL) is recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Future policy benefits for life and accident and health insurance contracts.
All reinsurance premiums ceded are recognized when due, following a ceded net premium ratio (NPR) methodology that also accrues a proportionate amount of estimated benefits.
Reinsurance premiums for assumed business are estimated based on information received from ceding companies and reinsurers. Any subsequent differences that arise regarding such estimates are recorded in the periods in which they are determined.
Amounts received as payment for investment-oriented contracts such as universal life, variable annuities, fixed annuities, and fixed index annuities, are reported as deposits to Policyholder contract deposits or Separate account liabilities, as applicable. Revenues from these contracts are recorded in policy fees and consist of policy charges for the cost of insurance, policy administration charges, surrender charges and amortization of unearned revenue reserves (URR). Policy fees are recognized as revenues in the period in which they are assessed against policyholders, unless the fees are designed to compensate AIG for services to be provided in the future. Fees deferred as unearned revenue are amortized on a constant level basis over the estimated lives of the contracts, consistent with the amortization of deferred acquisition costs. This URR is recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Other policyholder funds.
Other income includes advisory fee income from the Life and Retirement broker dealer business.
Cash represents cash on hand and demand deposits.
Short-term investments include interest bearing investments, time deposits and other investments with remaining contractual life of less than or equal to one year. Securities included within short-term investments are stated at estimated fair value, while other investments included within short-term investments are stated at amortized cost, which approximates estimated fair value.
Premiums and other receivables – net of allowance for credit losses and disputes include premium balances receivable, amounts due from agents and brokers and policyholders, receivables resulting from sales of securities that had not yet settled, cash collateral posted to derivative counterparties that is not eligible to be netted against derivative liabilities and other receivables.
Deposit assets and liabilities We have entered into certain insurance and reinsurance contracts, primarily in our General Insurance companies, that do not contain sufficient insurance risk to be accounted for as insurance or reinsurance. When we receive premiums on such contracts, the premiums received, after deduction for certain related expenses, are recorded as deposits within Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Net proceeds of these deposits are invested and generate Net investment income. When we pay premiums on such contracts, the premiums paid are recorded as deposits within Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The deposit asset or liability is adjusted as amounts are paid, consistent with the underlying contracts.
Other assets consist of deferred sales inducements (DSI), prepaid expenses, deposits, other deferred charges, real estate, other fixed assets, capitalized software costs, goodwill, intangible assets other than goodwill, restricted cash, derivative assets, and accrued interest income.
The cost of buildings and furniture and equipment is depreciated principally on the straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives (maximum of 40 years for buildings and 10 years for furniture and fixtures). Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to income as incurred and expenditures for improvements are capitalized and depreciated. We periodically assess the carrying amount of our real estate for purposes of determining any asset impairment. Capitalized software costs, which represent costs directly related to obtaining, developing or upgrading internal use software, are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over a period generally not exceeding ten years.
Separate accounts represent funds for which investment income and investment gains and losses accrue directly to the policyholders who bear the investment risk. Each account has specific investment objectives and the assets are carried at fair value. The assets of each account are legally segregated and are not subject to claims that arise from any of our other businesses. The liabilities for these accounts are equal to the account assets. Separate accounts may also include deposits for funds held under stable value wrap funding agreements, although the majority of stable value wrap sales are measured based on the notional amount included in assets under management and do not include the receipt of funds. For additional information on separate accounts, see Note 15.
Other liabilities consist of other funds on deposit, other payables, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities sold but not yet purchased, liabilities resulting from purchases of securities that have not yet settled, derivative liabilities, cash collateral received from derivative counterparties that contractually cannot be netted against derivative assets, allowance for credit losses in relation to off-balance sheet commitments and deferred gains on retroactive reinsurance agreements.
Foreign currency Financial statement accounts expressed in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars. Functional currency assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars generally using rates of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date of each respective subsidiary and the related translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of any related taxes, in Total AIG shareholders’ equity. Income statement accounts expressed in functional currencies are translated using average exchange rates during the period. Functional currencies are generally the currencies of the local operating environment. Financial statement accounts expressed in currencies other than the functional currency of a consolidated entity are remeasured into that entity’s functional currency resulting in exchange gains or losses recorded in income. The adjustments resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign entities operating in highly inflationary economies are recorded in income.
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest is the portion of equity (net assets) and net income (loss) in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to AIG.
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADOPTED DURING 2023
Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts
In August 2018, the FASB issued an accounting standard update with the objective of making targeted improvements to the existing recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements for long-duration contracts issued by an insurance entity.
The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective transition method relating to liabilities for traditional and limited payment contracts and deferred policy acquisition costs. The Company also adopted the standard in relation to MRBs on a full retrospective basis. As of the Transition Date, the impact of the adoption of the standard was a net decrease to beginning Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) of $2.2 billion and a net increase to beginning Retained earnings of $933 million primarily driven by (1) changes related to MRBs in our Individual Retirement and Group Retirement operating segments, including the impact of non-performance risk adjustments which reclassified the portion of the changes in fair value attributable to non-performance risk from Retained earnings to AOCI, (2) changes to the discount rate used to measure the liability for future policy benefits which most significantly impacted our Life Insurance and Institutional Markets operating segments, and (3) the removal of balances recorded in AOCI related to changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments.
The accounting for the Fortitude Reinsurance Company Ltd. (Fortitude Re) reinsurance assets, including the discount rates, continued to be calculated using the same methodology and assumptions as the direct policies, and therefore have been recalculated on an LDTI basis. The accounting for reinsurance transactions between AIG and Fortitude Re structured as modified coinsurance (modco) remained unchanged.
Market risk benefits: The standard requires the measurement of all MRBs (e.g., living benefit and death benefit guarantees associated with variable annuities) associated with deposit (or account balance) contracts at fair value at each reporting period. Changes in fair value compared to prior periods are recorded and presented separately within the income statement, with the exception of our own credit risk changes (non-performance adjustments), which are recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI). MRBs impacted both Retained earnings and AOCI upon transition.
The accounting for MRBs primarily impacted our Individual Retirement and Group Retirement operating segments. For additional disclosures about MRBs, see Note 14.
Discount rate assumption: The standard requires the discount rate assumption for the liability for future policy benefits to be updated at the end of each reporting period using an upper-medium grade (low credit risk) fixed income instrument yield that maximizes the use of observable market inputs. Upon transition, the Company had an adjustment to AOCI due to the fact that the market upper-medium grade (low credit risk) interest rates as of the Transition Date differed from reserve interest accretion rates.
Following adoption of the standard, the impact of changes to discount rates are recognized through OCI. Changes resulting from updating the discount rate each reporting period primarily impact term life insurance and other traditional life insurance products, as well as pension risk transfer (PRT) and structured settlement products. For additional information on the discount rate assumption under accounting for Long-Duration Contracts Standard, see Note 13.
Removal of balances related to changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments: Under the standard, the majority of balances recorded in AOCI related to changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments were eliminated.
In addition to the above, the standard also:
Requires the review and, if necessary, update of future policy benefit assumptions at least annually for traditional and limited pay long duration contracts, with the recognition and parenthetical presentation of any resulting re-measurement gain or loss in Policyholder benefits and losses incurred (except for discount rate changes as noted above) in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). For additional information, see Note 13.
Simplifies the amortization of DAC to a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts and no longer requires an impairment test. For additional information, see Note 9.
Increases disclosures of disaggregated rollforwards of several balances, including but not limited to liabilities for future policy benefits, deferred acquisition costs, account balances, MRBs, separate account liabilities and information about significant inputs, judgments and methods used in measurement and changes thereto and impact of those changes.
The following table presents the impacts in connection with the adoption of LDTI effective as of January 1, 2021 as well as cross references to the applicable notes herein for additional information:
Pre-Adoption,
December 31,
2020
Cumulative Effect
Adjustment as of
January 1, 2021
Updated Balances
Post-Adoption
of LDTI
(in millions)
Reinsurance assets - Fortitude Re, net of allowance for credit losses and disputes(a)
$34,578 $7,666 $42,244 
Reinsurance assets - other, net of allowance for credit losses and disputes(a)
38,963 469 39,432 
Deferred income taxes12,624 339 12,963 
Deferred policy acquisition costs(b)
9,805 3,150 12,955 
Market risk benefit assets(c)
— 338 338 
Other assets, net of allowance for credit losses(d)
13,122 398 13,520 
Total assets586,481 12,360 598,841 
Future policy benefits for life and accident and health insurance contracts(e)
56,878 10,486 67,364 
Policyholder contract deposits(e)
154,470 (6,247)148,223 
Market risk benefit liabilities(c)
— 8,739 8,739 
Other policyholder funds(f)
3,548 248 3,796 
Other liabilities(g)
27,122 398 27,520 
Total liabilities519,282 13,624 532,906 
Retained earnings15,504 933 16,437 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)13,511 (2,197)11,314 
Total AIG Shareholders' equity66,362 (1,264)65,098 
Total equity67,199 (1,264)65,935 
Total liabilities and equity586,481 12,360 598,841 
(a)For additional information on the transition impacts associated with LDTI, see Note 8.
(b)For additional information on the transition impacts associated with LDTI, see Note 9.
(c)For additional information on the transition impacts associated with LDTI, see Note 14.
(d)Other assets include deferred sales inducement assets. For additional information on the transition impacts associated with LDTI, see Note 9.
(e)For additional information on the transition impacts associated with LDTI, see Note 13.
(f)Other policyholder funds include URR. For additional information on the transition impacts associated with LDTI, see Note 13.
(g)Other liabilities include deferred cost of reinsurance liabilities. For additional information on the transition impacts associated with LDTI, see Note 8.
The following table presents the impacts in connection with the adoption of LDTI effective as of January 1, 2021 on our previously reported Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022:
As Previously
Reported
Effect of
Change
Updated Balances
Post-Adoption of LDTI
(in millions)
Reinsurance assets - Fortitude Re, net of allowance for credit losses and disputes$32,159 $(1,408)$30,751 
Reinsurance assets - other, net of allowance for credit losses and disputes39,434 (463)38,971 
Deferred income taxes15,144 (340)14,804 
Deferred policy acquisition costs15,518 (2,661)12,857 
Market risk benefit assets— 796 796 
Other assets, net of allowance for credit losses12,714 (330)12,384 
Total assets526,634 (4,406)522,228 
Future policy benefits for life and accident and health insurance contracts59,223 (7,309)51,914 
Policyholder contract deposits158,891 (2,907)155,984 
Market risk benefit liabilities— 4,736 4,736 
Other policyholder funds3,909 (446)3,463 
Other liabilities26,456 301 26,757 
Total liabilities484,399 (5,625)478,774 
Additional paid-in capital80,284 (369)79,915 
Retained earnings33,032 1,861 34,893 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(22,092)(524)(22,616)
Total AIG Shareholders' equity40,002 968 40,970 
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests2,233 251 2,484 
Total equity42,235 1,219 43,454 
Total liabilities and equity526,634 (4,406)522,228 
The following table presents the impacts in connection with the adoption of LDTI on our previously reported Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss):
Year Ended December 31, 2022Year Ended December 31, 2021
As
Previously
Reported
Effect of
Change
Updated
Balances Post-
Adoption of LDTI
As
Previously
Reported
Effect of
Change
Updated
Balances Post-
Adoption of LDTI
(in millions, except per common share data)
Revenues:
Premiums$31,857 $(1)$31,856 $31,259 $26 $31,285 
Policy fees2,972 (59)2,913 3,051 (46)3,005 
Total net realized gains (losses)8,991 (1,927)7,064 2,151 120 2,271 
Total revenues56,437 (1,987)54,450 52,057 100 52,157 
Benefits, losses and expenses:
Policyholder benefits and losses incurred22,771 (595)22,176 24,388 (603)23,785 
Change in the fair value of market risk benefits, net— (958)(958)— (447)(447)
Interest credited to policyholder account balances3,709 35 3,744 3,557 13 3,570 
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs4,970 (413)4,557 4,573 (49)4,524 
General operating and other expenses9,195 (73)9,122 8,790 (62)8,728 
Total benefits, losses and expenses42,155 (2,004)40,151 39,958 (1,148)38,810 
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit)14,282 17 14,299 12,099 1,248 13,347 
Income tax expense3,006 19 3,025 2,176 265 2,441 
Income (loss) from continuing operations11,276 (2)11,274 9,923 983 10,906 
Net income (loss)11,275 (2)11,273 9,923 983 10,906 
Net income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests999 47 1,046 535 539 
Net income (loss) attributable to AIG10,276 (49)10,227 9,388 979 10,367 
Net income (loss) attributable to AIG common shareholders10,247 (49)10,198 9,359 979 10,338 
Income (loss) per common share attributable to AIG common shareholders:
Common stock - Basic13.16 (0.06)13.10 10.95 1.15 12.10 
Common stock - Diluted13.01 (0.07)12.94 10.82 1.13 11.95 
The following table presents the impacts in connection with the adoption of LDTI on our previously reported Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Year Ended December 31, 2022Year Ended December 31, 2021
As
Previously
Reported
Effect of
Change
Updated
Balances Post-
Adoption of LDTI
As
Previously
Reported
Effect of
Change
Updated
Balances Post-
Adoption of LDTI
(in millions)
Net income$11,275 $(2)$11,273 $9,923 $983 $10,906 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of fixed maturity securities on which allowance for credit losses was taken(87)(7)(94)35 44 
Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of all other investments(32,775)(5,633)(38,408)(6,001)(1,150)(7,151)
Change in fair value of market risk benefits attributable to changes in our own credit risk— 1,294 1,294 — 179 179 
Change in the discount rates used to measure traditional and limited payment long-duration insurance contracts— 5,544 5,544 — 1,361 1,361 
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments(514)(99)(613)(187)(180)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(33,402)1,099 (32,303)(5,830)406 (5,424)
Comprehensive income (loss)(22,127)1,097 (21,030)4,093 1,389 5,482 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(1,584)130 (1,454)430 10 440 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AIG(20,543)967 (19,576)3,663 1,379 5,042 
The following table presents the impacts in connection with the adoption of LDTI on our previously reported Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
Year Ended December 31, 2022Year Ended December 31, 2021
As
Previously
Reported
Effect of
Change
Updated
Balances Post-
Adoption of LDTI
As
Previously
Reported
Effect of
Change
Updated
Balances Post-
Adoption of LDTI
(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$11,275 $(2)$11,273 $9,923 $983 $10,906 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Noncash revenues, expenses, gains and losses included in income (loss):
Unrealized gains in earnings - net(1,392)2,486 1,094 (1,889)1,016 (873)
Change in the fair value of market risk benefits in earnings, net— (1,481)(1,481)— (1,427)(1,427)
Depreciation and other amortization4,848 (439)4,409 4,633 (91)4,542 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Insurance reserves(2,332)(1,505)(3,837)5,127 (655)4,472 
Premiums and other receivables and payables - net(10,193)(29)(10,222)(655)(69)(724)
Reinsurance assets, net2,843 1,135 3,978 (1,241)197 (1,044)
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs(4,649)(73)(4,722)(4,906)(63)(4,969)
Current and deferred income taxes - net2,260 19 2,279 1,314 265 1,579 
Other, net340 (184)156 (1,322)(212)(1,534)
Total adjustments(7,069)(71)(7,140)(3,644)(1,039)(4,683)
Net cash provided by operating activities4,207 (73)4,134 6,279 (56)6,223 
Cash flows from financing activities:
Policyholder contract deposits26,508 74 26,582 25,424 56 25,480 
Net cash used in financing activities(676)74 (602)(3,735)56 (3,679)
Troubled Debt Restructuring and Vintage Disclosures
In March 2022, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings for creditors and amends the guidance on “vintage disclosures” to require disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The standard also updates the requirements for accounting for credit losses by adding enhanced disclosures for creditors related to loan refinancings and restructurings for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company adopted the standard prospectively as of January 1, 2023 and the standard did not have a material impact on our reported consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. For the updated required disclosures, see Note 7.
FUTURE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Income Tax
In December 2023, the FASB issued an accounting standard update to address improvements to income tax disclosures. The standard requires disaggregated information about a company’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The standard will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. We are assessing the impact of this standard.
Segment Reporting
In November 2023, the FASB issued an accounting standard update to address improvements to reportable segment disclosures. The standard primarily requires the following disclosure on an annual and interim basis: (i) significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss; and (ii) other segment items and description of its composition. The standard also requires current annual disclosures about a reportable segment's profits or losses and assets to be disclosed in interim periods and the title and position of the CODM with an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profits or losses in assessing segment performance. The guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods in fiscal years within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendment is applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. We are assessing the impact of this standard.
Fair Value Measurement
On June 30, 2022, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to address diversity in practice by clarifying that a contractual sale restriction should not be considered in the measurement of the fair value of an equity security. It also requires entities with investments in equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions to disclose certain qualitative and quantitative information about such securities. The guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. For entities other than investment companies, the accounting standards update applies prospectively, with any adjustments resulting from adoption recognized in earnings on the date of adoption. We are assessing the impact of this standard.