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INVESTMENTS | 6. Investments Securities Available for Sale The following table presents the amortized cost or cost and fair value of our available for sale securities:
(a) Represents the amount of other-than-temporary impairments recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Amount includes unrealized gains and losses on impaired securities relating to changes in the fair value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date.
(b) At both June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, bonds available for sale held by us that were below investment grade or not rated totaled $28.8 billion. Securities Available for Sale in a Loss Position The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses on our available for sale securities, aggregated by major investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
At June 30, 2019, we held 6,332 individual fixed maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 2,452 individual fixed maturity securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. We did not recognize the unrealized losses in earnings on these fixed maturity securities at June 30, 2019 because we neither intend to sell the securities nor do we believe that it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. For fixed maturity securities with significant declines, we performed fundamental credit analyses on a security-by-security basis, which included consideration of credit enhancements, expected defaults on underlying collateral, review of relevant industry analyst reports and forecasts and other available market data. Contractual Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities Available for Sale The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities available for sale by contractual maturity:
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The following table presents the gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales or maturities of our available for sale securities:
For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019, the aggregate fair value of available for sale securities sold was $6.4 billion and $12.8 billion, respectively, which resulted in net realized capital gains of $87 million and $56 million, respectively.
For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, the aggregate fair value of available for sale securities sold was $6.6 billion and $12.1 billion, respectively, which resulted in net realized capital gains (losses) of $(13) million and $13 million, respectively. Other Securities Measured at Fair Value The following table presents the fair value of other securities measured at fair value based on our election of the fair value option:
Other Invested Assets The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of other invested assets:
(a)At June 30, 2019, included hedge funds of $3.9 billion, private equity funds of $4.6 billion and affordable housing partnerships of $344 million. At December 31, 2018, included hedge funds of $4.2 billion, private equity funds of $4.3 billion and affordable housing partnerships of $438 million.
(b)At June 30, 2019, approximately 67 percent of our hedge fund portfolio is available for redemption in 2019. The remaining 33 percent will be available for redemption between 2020 and 2027.
(c)Net of accumulated depreciation of $684 million and $598 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Net Investment Income The following table presents the components of Net investment income:
(a)Includes income from hedge funds, private equity funds and affordable housing partnerships. Hedge funds are recorded as of the balance sheet date. Private equity funds are generally reported on a one-quarter lag. Net Realized Capital Gains and Losses The following table presents the components of Net realized capital gains (losses):
Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) of Investments
The following table presents the increase (decrease) in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of our available for sale securities and other investments:
Evaluating Investments for Other-Than-Temporary Impairments For a discussion of our policy for evaluating investments for other-than-temporary impairments see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2018 Annual Report. Credit Impairments The following table presents a rollforward of the cumulative credit losses in other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings for available for sale fixed maturity securities:
*Represents both accretion recognized due to changes in cash flows expected to be collected over the remaining expected term of the credit impaired securities and the accretion due to the passage of time. Purchased Credit Impaired (PCI) Securities We purchase certain RMBS securities that have experienced deterioration in credit quality since their issuance. We determine whether it is probable at acquisition that we will not collect all contractually required payments for these PCI securities, including both principal and interest. At acquisition, the timing and amount of the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be received on each PCI security is determined based on our best estimate using key assumptions, such as interest rates, default rates and prepayment speeds. At acquisition, the difference between the undiscounted expected future cash flows of the PCI securities and the recorded investment in the securities represents the initial accretable yield, which is accreted into Net investment income over their remaining lives on an effective yield basis. Additionally, the difference between the contractually required payments on the PCI securities and the undiscounted expected future cash flows represents the non-accretable difference at acquisition. The accretable yield and the non-accretable difference will change over time, based on actual payments received and changes in estimates of undiscounted expected future cash flows, which are discussed further below. On a quarterly basis, the undiscounted expected future cash flows associated with PCI securities are re-evaluated based on updates to key assumptions. Declines in undiscounted expected future cash flows due to further credit deterioration as well as changes in the expected timing of the cash flows can result in the recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment charge, as PCI securities are subject to our policy for evaluating investments for other-than-temporary impairment. Changes to undiscounted expected future cash flows due solely to the changes in the contractual benchmark interest rates on variable rate PCI securities will change the accretable yield prospectively. Significant increases in undiscounted expected future cash flows for reasons other than interest rate changes are recognized prospectively as adjustments to the accretable yield. The following tables present information on our PCI securities, which are included in bonds available for sale:
Pledged Investments Secured Financing and Similar Arrangements We enter into secured financing transactions whereby certain securities are sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements), in which we transfer securities in exchange for cash, with an agreement by us to repurchase the same or substantially similar securities. Our secured financing transactions also include those that involve the transfer of securities to financial institutions in exchange for cash (securities lending agreements). In all of these secured financing transactions, the securities transferred by us (pledged collateral) may be sold or repledged by the counterparties. These agreements are recorded at their contracted amounts plus accrued interest, other than those that are accounted for at fair value. Pledged collateral levels are monitored daily and are generally maintained at an agreed-upon percentage of the fair value of the amounts borrowed during the life of the transactions. In the event of a decline in the fair value of the pledged collateral under these secured financing transactions, we may be required to transfer cash or additional securities as pledged collateral under these agreements. At the termination of the transactions, we and our counterparties are obligated to return the amounts borrowed and the securities transferred, respectively. The following table presents the fair value of securities pledged to counterparties under secured financing transactions, including repurchase and securities lending agreements:
At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, amounts borrowed under repurchase and securities lending agreements totaled $2.4 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. The following table presents the fair value of securities pledged under our repurchase agreements by collateral type and by remaining contractual maturity:
We also enter into agreements in which securities are purchased by us under agreements to resell (reverse repurchase agreements), which are accounted for as secured financing transactions and reported as short-term investments or other assets, depending on their terms. These agreements are recorded at their contracted resale amounts plus accrued interest, other than those that are accounted for at fair value. In all reverse repurchase transactions, we take possession of or obtain a security interest in the related securities, and we have the right to sell or repledge this collateral received. The following table presents information on the fair value of securities pledged to us under reverse repurchase agreements:
At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, amounts loaned under reverse repurchase agreements totaled $2.7 billion and $426 million, respectively. We do not currently offset any secured financing transactions. All such transactions are collateralized and margined daily consistent with market standards and subject to enforceable master netting arrangements with rights of set off. Insurance – Statutory and Other Deposits The total carrying value of cash and securities deposited by our insurance subsidiaries under requirements of regulatory authorities or other insurance-related arrangements, including certain annuity-related obligations and certain reinsurance treaties, was $8.2 billion and $7.9 billion at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Other Pledges and Restrictions Certain of our subsidiaries are members of Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs) and such membership requires the members to own stock in these FHLBs. We owned an aggregate of $191 million and $202 million of stock in FHLBs at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. In addition, our subsidiaries have pledged securities available for sale and residential loans associated with borrowings and funding agreements from FHLBs, with a fair value of $4.6 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, at June 30, 2019 and $4.2 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2018. Certain GIAs have provisions that require collateral to be posted or payments to be made by us upon a downgrade of our long-term debt ratings. The actual amount of collateral required to be posted to the counterparties in the event of such downgrades, and the aggregate amount of payments that we could be required to make, depend on market conditions, the fair value of outstanding affected transactions and other factors prevailing at and after the time of the downgrade. The fair value of securities pledged as collateral with respect to these obligations was approximately $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. This collateral primarily consists of securities of the U.S. government and government sponsored entities and generally cannot be repledged or resold by the counterparties. Investments held in escrow accounts or otherwise subject to restriction as to their use were $285 million and $273 million, comprised of bonds available for sale and short term investments at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. |