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INSURANCE LIABILITIES (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Claims Development [Line Items]  
Schedule of reconciliation of activity in the liability for unpaid claims and claims adjustment expense

The following table presents the roll-forward of activity in Loss Reserves:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in millions)20192018
Liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, beginning of period$83,639$78,393
Reinsurance recoverable(31,690)(26,708)
Net Liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, beginning of period51,94951,685
Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred:
Current year4,8054,698
Prior years, excluding discount and amortization of deferred gain(15)(40)
Prior years, discount charge (benefit)497(205)
Prior years, amortization of deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance(a)(86)(39)
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred5,2014,414
Losses and loss adjustment expenses paid:
Current year(344)(610)
Prior years(6,120)(4,779)
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses paid(6,464)(5,389)
Other changes:
Foreign exchange effect216274
Retroactive reinsurance adjustment (net of discount)(b)(190)(97)
Total other changes26177
Liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, end of period:
Net liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses50,71250,887
Reinsurance recoverable31,78427,211
Total$82,496$78,098

(a) Includes $9 million and $5 million for the retroactive reinsurance agreement with NICO covering U.S. asbestos exposures for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(b) Includes change in discount on retroactive reinsurance of $(307) million and $128 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Schedule of loss reserve discount and loss reserve discount benefit (charge)

The following table presents the components of the loss reserve discount discussed above:

March 31, 2019December 31, 2018
NorthNorth
AmericaAmerica
CommercialLegacyCommercialLegacy
(in millions)InsurancePortfolioTotalInsurancePortfolioTotal
U.S. workers' compensation$2,387$894$3,281$2,782$973$3,755
Retroactive reinsurance(1,412)-(1,412)(1,720)-(1,720)
Total reserve discount*$975$894$1,869$1,062$973$2,035

* Excludes $198 million and $163 million of discount related to certain long tail liabilities in the United Kingdom at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The following tables present the net loss reserve discount benefit (charge):

Three Months Ended March 31,20192018
NorthNorth
AmericaAmerica
CommercialLegacyCommercialLegacy
(in millions)InsurancePortfolioTotalInsurancePortfolioTotal
Current accident year$24$-$24$19$-$19
Accretion and other adjustments to prior year discount(251)(13)(264)45(18)27
Effect of interest rate changes(167)(66)(233)12336159
Net reserve discount benefit (charge)(394)(79)(473)18718205
Change in discount on loss reserves ceded under
retroactive reinsurance307-307(128)-(128)
Net change in total reserve discount(a)$(87)$(79)$(166)$59$18$77

(a) Excludes $35 million and $(5) million discount related to certain long tail liabilities in the United Kingdom for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.