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LENDING ACTIVITIES (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
LENDING ACTIVITIES  
Composition of Mortgages and other loans receivable
September 30,December 31,
(in millions)20182017
Commercial mortgages*$32,082$28,596
Residential mortgages6,5305,398
Life insurance policy loans2,1782,295
Commercial loans, other loans and notes receivable1,4671,056
Total mortgage and other loans receivable42,25737,345
Allowance for credit losses(379)(322)
Mortgage and other loans receivable, net$41,878$37,023

* Commercial mortgages primarily represent loans for apartments, offices and retail properties, with exposures in New York and California representing the largest geographic concentrations (aggregating approximately 22 percent and 11 percent, respectively, at September 30, 2018, and 23 percent and 12 percent, respectively, at December 31, 2017).

Schedule of debt service coverage ratio and loan-to-value ratio for the commercial mortgage loans
Debt Service Coverage Ratios(a)
(in millions)>1.20X1.00X - 1.20X<1.00XTotal
September 30, 2018
Loan-to-Value Ratios(b)
Less than 65%$17,986$2,508$239$20,733
65% to 75%9,1153022589,675
76% to 80%831815854
Greater than 80%572106142820
Total commercial mortgages$28,504$2,924$654$32,082
December 31, 2017
Loan-to-Value Ratios(b)
Less than 65%$18,000$1,525$351$19,876
65% to 75%6,0381931846,415
76% to 80%56940-609
Greater than 80%1,416206741,696
Total commercial mortgages$26,023$1,964$609$28,596

(a) The debt service coverage ratio compares a property’s net operating income to its debt service payments, including principal and interest. Our weighted average debt service coverage ratio was 1.9X and 2.1X at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

(b) The loan-to-value ratio compares the current unpaid principal balance of the loan to the estimated fair value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan. Our weighted average loan-to-value ratio was 58 percent and 57 percent at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Schedule of credit quality indicators for the commercial mortgage loans
NumberPercent
ofClassof
(dollars in millions)LoansApartmentsOfficesRetailIndustrialHotelOthersTotal(c)Total $
September 30, 2018
Credit Quality Performance
Indicator:
In good standing763$10,393$9,257$5,333$3,002$2,531$1,422$31,938100%
Restructured(a)4-113-1516-144-
90 days or less delinquent---------
>90 days delinquent or in
process of foreclosure---------
Total(b)767$10,393$9,370$5,333$3,017$2,547$1,422$32,082100%
Allowance for credit losses:
Specific$-$2$-$-$1$-$3-%
General10696461219142931
Total allowance for credit losses$106$98$46$12$20$14$2961%

December 31, 2017
Credit Quality Performance
Indicator:
In good standing778$8,163$8,585$5,338$2,023$2,373$1,960$28,44299%
Restructured(a)5-11523-16-1541
90 days or less delinquent---------
>90 days delinquent or in
process of foreclosure---------
Total(b)783$8,163$8,700$5,361$2,023$2,389$1,960$28,596100%
Allowance for credit losses:
Specific$-$3$1$-$1$-$5-%
General729437615182421
Total allowance for credit losses$72$97$38$6$16$18$2471%

(a) Loans that have been modified in troubled debt restructurings and are performing according to their restructured terms. For additional discussion of troubled debt restructurings see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2017 Annual Report.

(b) Does not reflect allowance for credit losses.

(c) Our commercial mortgage loan portfolio is current as to payments of principal and interest, for both periods presented. There were no significant amounts of nonperforming commercial mortgages (defined as those loans where payment of contractual principal or interest is more than 90 days past due) during any of the periods presented.

Schedule of changes in the allowance for losses on Mortgage and other loans receivable
20182017
Nine Months Ended September 30,CommercialOtherCommercialOther
(in millions)MortgagesLoansTotalMortgagesLoansTotal
Allowance, beginning of year$247$75$322$194$103$297
Loans charged off(17)-(17)(5)(2)(7)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off------
Net charge-offs(17)-(17)(5)(2)(7)
Provision for loan losses6687475(20)55
Other------
Allowance, end of period$ 296 *$83$379$ 264 *$81$345

* Of the total allowance, $3 million and $35 million relate to individually assessed credit losses on $25 million and $342 million of commercial mortgages at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.