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LENDING ACTIVITIES (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
LENDING ACTIVITIES  
Composition of Mortgages and other loans receivable
September 30,December 31,
(in millions)20172016
Commercial mortgages*$27,930$25,042
Residential mortgages4,9913,828
Life insurance policy loans2,3012,367
Commercial loans, other loans and notes receivable1,2122,300
Total mortgage and other loans receivable36,43433,537
Allowance for credit losses(345)(297)
Mortgage and other loans receivable, net$36,089$33,240

* Commercial mortgages primarily represent loans for offices, apartments and retail properties, with exposures in New York and California representing the largest geographic concentrations (aggregating approximately 22 percent and 12 percent, respectively, at September 30, 2017, and 24 percent and 12 percent, respectively, at December 31, 2016).

Schedule of debt service coverage ratio and loan-to-value ratio for the commercial mortgage loans
Debt Service Coverage Ratios(a)
(in millions)>1.20X1.00X - 1.20X<1.00XTotal
September 30, 2017
Loan-to-Value Ratios(b)
Less than 65%$17,040$1,960$355$19,355
65% to 75%5,4664182056,089
76% to 80%6725453779
Greater than 80%1,189437811,707
Total commercial mortgages$24,367$2,869$694$27,930
December 31, 2016
Loan-to-Value Ratios(b)
Less than 65%$13,998$1,694$232$15,924
65% to 75%5,946575626,583
76% to 80%1,246174471,467
Greater than 80%4713922051,068
Total commercial mortgages$21,661$2,835$546$25,042

(a) The debt service coverage ratio compares a property’s net operating income to its debt service payments, including principal and interest. Our weighted average debt service coverage ratio was 1.8X and 1.9X at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

(b) The loan-to-value ratio compares the current unpaid principal balance of the loan to the estimated fair value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan. Our weighted average loan-to-value ratio was 58 percent at both September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.

Schedule of credit quality indicators for the commercial mortgage loans
NumberPercent
ofClassof
(dollars in millions)LoansApartmentsOfficesRetailIndustrialHotelOthersTotal(c)Total $
September 30, 2017
Credit Quality Performance Indicator:
In good standing770$7,274$8,642$5,367$2,147$2,391$2,002$27,823100%
Restructured(a)3-154-16-35-
90 days or less delinquent1-14----14-
>90 days delinquent or in
process of foreclosure2-4018---58-
Total(b)776$7,274$8,711$5,389$2,147$2,407$2,002$27,930100%
Allowance for credit losses:
Specific$-$3$31$-$1$-$35-%
General619336814172291
Total allowance for credit losses$61$96$67$8$15$17$2641%

December 31, 2016
Credit Quality Performance Indicator:
In good standing784$6,005$7,830$5,179$1,898$2,373$1,589$24,87499%
Restructured(a)4-13418-16-1681
90 days or less delinquent---------
>90 days delinquent or in
process of foreclosure---------
Total(b)788$6,005$7,964$5,197$1,898$2,389$1,589$25,042100%
Allowance for credit losses:
Specific$-$3$1$6$1$-$11-%
General357241713151831
Total allowance for credit losses$35$75$42$13$14$15$1941%

(a) Loans that have been modified in troubled debt restructurings and are performing according to their restructured terms. For additional discussion of troubled debt restructurings see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report.

(b) Does not reflect allowance for credit losses.

(c) 99.7 percent of the commercial mortgages held at such respective dates were current as to payments of principal and interest. There were no significant amounts of nonperforming commercial mortgages (defined as those loans where payment of contractual principal or interest is more than 90 days past due) during any of the periods presented.

Schedule of changes in the allowance for losses on Mortgage and other loans receivable
20172016
Nine Months Ended September 30,CommercialOtherCommercialOther
(in millions)MortgagesLoansTotalMortgagesLoansTotal
Allowance, beginning of year$194$103$297$171$137$308
Loans charged off(5)(2)(7)(13)(2)(15)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off---11-11
Net charge-offs(5)(2)(7)(2)(2)(4)
Provision for loan losses75(20)5520(25)(5)
Other------
Allowance, end of period$ 264 *$81$345$ 189 *$110$299

* Of the total allowance, $35 million and $11 million relate to individually assessed credit losses on $342 million and $292 million of commercial mortgages at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.