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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Accounting Standards Adopted During 2016

Accounting for Share-Based Payments with Performance Targets

In June 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standard that clarifies the accounting for share-based payments when the terms of an award provide that a performance target could be achieved after the requisite service period. The standard requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition.

We adopted the standard prospectively on its required effective date of January 1, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity

In August 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standard that allows a reporting entity to measure the financial assets and financial liabilities of a qualifying consolidated collateralized financing entity using the fair value of either its financial assets or financial liabilities, whichever is more observable.

We adopted the standard retrospectively on its required effective date of January 1, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Consolidation: Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis

In February 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standard that affects reporting entities that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. Specifically, the amendments modify the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are variable interest entities (VIEs) or voting interest entities; eliminate the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership; affect the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs, particularly those that have fee arrangements and related party relationships; and provide a scope exception from consolidation guidance for reporting entities with interests in legal entities that are required to comply with or operate in accordance with requirements that are similar to those in Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 for registered money market funds.

We adopted the standard prospectively on its required effective date of January 1, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement

In April 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standard that provides guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance does not change generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a customer's accounting for service contracts. Consequently, all software licenses will be accounted for consistent with other licenses of intangible assets.

We adopted this standard prospectively on its required effective date of January 1, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs

In April 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standard that amends the guidance for debt issuance costs by requiring such costs to be presented as a deduction to the corresponding debt liability, rather than as an asset, and for the amortization of such costs to be reported as interest expense.  The amendments are intended to simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs and make it consistent with the presentation of debt discounts or premiums. The amendments, however, do not change the recognition and measurement guidance applicable to debt issuance costs.

We adopted this standard on a retrospective basis on January 1, 2016, its required effective date.  Because the new standard did not affect accounting recognition or measurement of debt issuance costs, the adoption of the standard did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.  

Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or its Equivalent)

In May 2015, the FASB amended guidance on fair value disclosures for investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value (NAV) per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient.  The amendments in this update remove the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the NAV per share practical expedient.  In addition, the amendment removes the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the NAV per share as a practical expedient. 

We adopted the standard on its required effective date of January 1, 2016 on a retrospective basis.  The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Future Application of Accounting Standards

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standard that supersedes most existing revenue recognition guidance. The standard excludes from its scope the accounting for insurance contracts, leases, financial instruments, and certain other agreements that are governed under other GAAP guidance, but could affect the revenue recognition for certain of our other activities.

The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and may be applied retrospectively or through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings at the date of adoption. Early adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. We plan to adopt the standard on its required effective date of January 1, 2018 and do not expect the adoption of the standard to have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Short Duration Insurance Contracts

In May 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standard that requires additional disclosures (including accident year information) for short-duration insurance contracts. New disclosures about the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses will be required of public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The annual disclosures by accident year include: disaggregated net incurred and paid claims development tables segregated by business type (not required to exceed 10 years), reconciliation of total net reserves included in development tables to the reported liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, incurred but not reported (IBNR) information, quantitative information and a qualitative description about claim frequency, and the average annual percentage payout of incurred claims. Further, the new standard requires, when applicable, disclosures about discounting liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and significant changes and reasons for changes in methodologies and assumptions used to determine unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses.  In addition, the roll forward of the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses currently disclosed in annual financial statements will be required for interim periods beginning in the first quarter of 2017.  Early adoption of the new annual and interim disclosures is permitted.

We plan to adopt the standard on its required effective date.  Because the new standard does not affect accounting recognition or measurement, the adoption of the standard will have no effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.  

Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

In January 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard that affects the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Specifically, under the new standard, equity investments (other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting or those subject to consolidation) will be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Also, for those financial liabilities for which fair value option accounting has been elected, the new standard requires changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk to be presented separately in other comprehensive income. The standard updates certain fair value disclosure requirements for financial instruments carried at amortized cost.

The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption of certain provisions is permitted. We are assessing the impact of the standard on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard that will require lessees with lease terms of more than 12 months to recognize a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on their balance sheets. For income statement purposes, the FASB retained a dual model, requiring leases to be classified as either operating leases or finance leases.

The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted using a modified retrospective approach. We are assessing the impact of the standard on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Derivative Contract Novations

In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard that clarifies that a change in the counterparty (novation) to a derivative instrument that has been designated as a hedging instrument does not, in and of itself, require de-designation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continue to be met.

The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted.  We do not expect the adoption of the standard to have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments

In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard that clarifies the requirements for assessing whether contingent call (put) options that can accelerate the payment of principal on debt instruments are clearly and closely related to their debt hosts. The standard requires an evaluation of embedded call (put) options solely on a four-step decision sequence that requires an entity to consider whether (1) the amount paid upon settlement is adjusted based on changes in an index, (2) the amount paid upon settlement is indexed to an underlying other than interest rates or credit risk, (3) the debt involves a substantial premium or discount and (4) the put or call option is contingently exercisable.

The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted.  We do not expect the adoption of the standard to have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting

In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard that eliminates the requirement that when an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence, an investor must adjust the investment, results of operations, and retained earnings retroactively on a step-by-step basis as if the equity method had been in effect during all previous periods during which the investment had been held.

The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of the standard to have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting

In March 2016, the FASB issued a standard that simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based compensation, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification on the statement of cash flows.

The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of the standard to have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Calculation of Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard that will change how entities account for credit losses for most financial assets.  The standard will replace the existing incurred loss impairment model with a new “current expected credit loss model” and will apply to financial assets subject to credit losses, those measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. The impairment for available-for-sale debt securities will be measured in a similar manner, except that losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. The standard will also require additional information to be disclosed in the footnotes.

The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for annual and interim periods after December 15, 2018.  We are assessing the impact of the standard on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.