GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES Footnote

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Goodwill

The following table presents changes in goodwill balances as allocated to each business segment for the nine-months ended September 30, 2019:



In millions	Industrial Packaging				Global Cellulose Fibers		Printing Papers				Total
Balance as of January 1, 2019
Goodwill	$	3,379			$	52	$	2,116			$	5,547
Accumulated impairment losses	(296		)		—		(1,877		)		(2,173		)
	3,083				52		239				3,374
Currency translation and other (a)	(2		)		—		(14		)		(16		)
Goodwill additions/reductions	54			(b)	—		(112		)	(c)	(58		)
Accumulated impairment loss additions / reductions	—				—		112			(c)	112
Balance as of September 30, 2019
Goodwill	3,431				52		1,990				5,473
Accumulated impairment losses	(296		)		—		(1,765		)		(2,061		)
Total	$	3,135			$	52	$	225			$	3,412


(a)	Represents the effects of foreign currency translations.


(b)	Reflects the provisional goodwill for the acquisitions of Industrial Packaging box plants in EMEA.


(c)	Reflects the reclassification of India goodwill and accumulated impairment losses to held for sale.

Other Intangibles

Identifiable intangible assets comprised the following:



	September 30, 2019						December 31, 2018
In millions	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Intangible Assets		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Intangible Assets
Customer relationships and lists	$	541	$	266	$	275	$	542	$	247	$	295
Non-compete agreements	26		26		—		67		67		—
Tradenames, patents and trademarks, and developed technology	173		101		72		174		90		84
Land and water rights	8		2		6		8		2		6
Software	26		25		1		26		25		1
Other	25		18		7		30		23		7
Total	$	799	$	438	$	361	$	847	$	454	$	393

The Company recognized the following amounts as amortization expense related to intangible assets:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
In millions	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization expense related to intangible assets	$	15	$	15	$	40	$	44