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Segment Information (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Reportable Segment Information
Reportable segment information is as follows:
 December 31,
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)202320222021
Net sales
Nourish$6,060 $6,829 $6,264 
Health & Biosciences2,081 2,339 2,329 
Scent2,393 2,301 2,254 
Pharma Solutions945 971 809 
Consolidated$11,479 $12,440 $11,656 
December 31,
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)20232022
Segment assets
Nourish$12,893 $17,062 
Health & Biosciences10,666 10,924 
Scent4,274 4,309 
Pharma Solutions3,145 3,227 
Consolidated$30,978 $35,522 
 December 31,
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)202320222021
Segment Adjusted Operating EBITDA:
Nourish$732 $1,176 $1,172 
Health & Biosciences588 634 625 
Scent461 423 463 
Pharma Solutions199 222 165 
Total1,980 2,455 2,425 
Depreciation & Amortization(1,142)(1,179)(1,156)
Interest Expense(380)(336)(289)
Other (Expense) Income, net(28)37 58 
Restructuring and Other Charges (a)(68)(12)(41)
Impairment of Goodwill (b)(2,623)(2,250)— 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets (c)— (120)— 
Acquisition, Divestiture and Integration Related Costs (d)(174)(201)(240)
Strategic Initiatives Costs (e)(31)(8)— 
Regulatory Costs (f)(50)— — 
N&B Inventory Step-Up Costs (g)— — (368)
Other (h)(2)(11)(35)
(Loss) Income Before Taxes$(2,518)$(1,625)$354 
 _______________________ 
(a)Represents costs primarily related to severance as part of the Company's restructuring efforts.
(b)For 2023, represents costs related to the impairment of goodwill in the Nourish reporting unit. For 2022, represents costs related to the impairment of goodwill in the Health & Biosciences reporting unit.
(c)Represents costs related to the impairment of intangible and fixed assets of an asset group that operated primarily in Russia.
(d)
For 2023, 2022 and 2021, primarily represents costs related to the Company's actual and planned acquisitions and divestitures and integration related activities primarily for N&B. These costs primarily consisted of external consulting fees, professional and legal fees and salaries of individuals who are fully dedicated to such efforts. For 2023, acquisition costs primarily relate to earn-out adjustments. For 2022, acquisition costs primarily relate to consulting fees, legal fees and earn-out adjustments. For 2021, acquisition costs primarily relate to legal and professional fees for the transaction with N&B. Tax expenses for business divestiture costs included establishments of deferred tax liabilities related to planned sales of businesses.

For 2023, business divestiture, integration and acquisition related costs were approximately $108 million, $59 million and $7 million, respectively. For 2022, business divestiture, integration and acquisition related costs were approximately $110 million, $94 million and a credit of $3 million, respectively. For 2021, business divestiture, integration and acquisition related costs were approximately $42 million, $105 million and $93 million, respectively.
(e)Represents costs related to the Company's strategic assessment and business portfolio optimization efforts and reorganizing the Global Shared Services Centers, primarily consulting fees.
(f)Represents costs primarily related to legal fees incurred for the ongoing investigations of the fragrance businesses.
(g)Represents costs related to fair value step-up of inventory for the acquired inventory through the Merger with N&B.
(h)For 2023, represents gains from sale of assets and costs related to severance, including accelerated stock compensation expense, for a certain executive who will separate from the Company in 2024. For 2022 and 2021, represents gains from sale of assets, costs related to severance, including accelerated stock compensation expense, for certain employees and executives who have been separated from the Company in 2022 and 2021, respectively, and shareholder activist related costs, primarily professional fees.
Segment capital expenditures and depreciation and amortization consisted as follows:
 Capital ExpendituresDepreciation and Amortization
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)202320222021202320222021
Nourish$252 $215 $183 $553 $596 $594 
Health & Biosciences85 160 139 374 363 353 
Scent62 56 41 78 81 84 
Pharma Solutions104 73 30 137 139 125 
Consolidated$503 $504 $393 $1,142 $1,179 $1,156 
Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas
Long-lived assets, net, by country, consisted as follows:
 December 31,
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)20232022
United States$1,742 $1,771 
China228 258 
Denmark262 250 
Finland214 212 
France199 187 
Germany171 181 
Other1,424 1,344 
Consolidated$4,240 $4,203 
Net Sales by Geographic Area
Net sales are attributed to individual regions based upon the destination of product delivery and are as follows:
 Net Sales by Geographic Area
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)202320222021
Europe, Africa and Middle East$3,834 $4,219 $4,093 
Greater Asia2,677 2,876 2,728 
North America3,477 3,853 3,499 
Latin America1,491 1,492 1,336 
Consolidated$11,479 $12,440 $11,656 
 Net Sales by Geographic Area
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)202320222021
Net sales related to the U.S.$3,185 $3,611 $3,211 
Net sales attributed to all foreign countries8,294 8,829 8,445