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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Registrant,” “IFF,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”) is a leading creator and manufacturer of food, beverage, health & biosciences, scent and pharma solutions and complementary adjacent products, including cosmetic active and natural health ingredients, which are used in a wide variety of consumer products. Our products are sold principally to manufacturers of perfumes and cosmetics, hair and other personal care products, soaps and detergents, cleaning products, dairy, meat and other processed foods, beverages, snacks and savory foods, sweet and baked goods, sweeteners, dietary supplements, food protection, infant and elderly nutrition, functional food, and pharmaceutical excipients and oral care products.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2022 Form 10-K”).
The interim Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited. In addition, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted, if not materially different from the 2022 Form 10-K. The year-end balance sheet data included in this Form 10-Q was derived from the audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim Consolidated Financial Statements, have been made.
Reporting Periods
The Company uses a calendar year of the twelve-month period from January 1 to December 31.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. The inputs into the Company’s judgments and estimates take into account the current economic implications of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”), the events in Russia and Ukraine, and the ongoing adverse macroeconomic impacts on our critical and significant accounting estimates, including estimates associated with future cash flows that are used in assessing the risk of impairment of certain assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the Company’s balance sheet as of March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents$590 $483 $657 $711 
Cash and cash equivalents included in Assets held for sale4 52 — — 
Restricted cash16 10 4 4 
Non-current assets
Restricted cash included in Other assets7 7 1 1 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$617 $552 $662 $716 
Accounts Receivable
The Company has various factoring agreements in the U.S. and The Netherlands under which it can factor up to approximately €250 million in receivables (“Company’s own factoring agreements”). In addition, the Company utilizes factoring agreements sponsored by certain customers. Under all of the arrangements, the Company sells the receivables on a non-recourse basis to unrelated financial institutions and accounts for the transactions as a sale of receivables. The applicable receivables are removed from the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets when the cash proceeds are received by the Company.
The Company sold a total of approximately $445 million and $333 million of receivables under the Company’s own factoring agreements and customer sponsored factoring agreements for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The cost of participating in these programs was approximately $5 million and $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included as a component of interest expense. Under the Company’s own factoring agreements, it sold approximately $197 million and $87 million of receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The outstanding principal amounts of receivables under the Company’s own factoring agreements amounted to approximately $163 million and $157 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The proceeds from the sales of receivables are included in net cash from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers when the contract or purchase order has received approval and commitment from both parties, has the rights of the parties and payment terms (which can vary by customer) identified, has commercial substance, collectability of consideration is probable, and control has transferred. The revenue recognized reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods. Sales, value added, and other taxes the Company collects are excluded from revenues. The Company receives payment in accordance with standard customer terms.
Sales are reduced, at the time revenue is recognized, for applicable discounts, rebates and sales allowances based on historical experience. Related accruals are included in Other current liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company considers shipping and handling activities undertaken after the customer has obtained control of the related goods as a fulfillment activity. Net sales include shipping and handling charges billed to customers. Cost of goods sold includes all costs incurred in connection with shipping and handling.
See Note 12 for further details on revenues disaggregated by segment.
Contract Assets and Liabilities
With respect to a small number of contracts for the sale of compounds, the Company has an “enforceable right to payment for performance to date” and as the products do not have an alternative use, the Company recognizes revenue for these contracts over time and records a contract asset using the output method. The output method recognizes revenue on the basis of direct measurements of the value to the customer of the goods or services transferred to date relative to the remaining goods or services promised under the contract.
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s gross accounts receivable was $1.953 billion and $1.871 billion, respectively. The Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were not material.
Expected Credit Losses
The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through its sales of products. To determine the appropriate allowance for expected credit losses, the Company considers certain credit quality indicators, such as aging, collection history, and creditworthiness of debtors. Regional and Global Credit committees review and approve specific customer allowance reserves. The allowance for expected credit losses is primarily based on two primary factors: i) the aging of the different categories of trade receivables, and ii) a specific reserve for accounts identified as uncollectible.
The Company also considers current and future economic conditions in the determination of the allowance. At March 31, 2023, the Company reported $1.899 billion of trade receivables, net of allowances of $54 million. Based on the aging analysis as of March 31, 2023, less than 1% of the Company’s accounts receivable were past due by over 365 days based on the payment terms of the invoice.
The following is a rollforward of the Company’s allowances for bad debts for the three months ended March 31, 2023:
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)Allowances for
Bad Debts
Balance at December 31, 2022$53 
Bad debt expense(1)
1 
Balance at March 31, 2023$54 
_______________________
(1)The bad debt expense included approximately $9 million related to expected credit losses on receivables from certain customers in Egypt, offset by approximately $8 million of reversals of allowances on receivables from customers located in Russia and Ukraine. The Company will continue to evaluate its credit exposure related to Egypt, Russia and Ukraine.
Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in business conditions indicate that their carrying value may not be recovered. An estimate of undiscounted future cash flows produced by an asset or group of assets is compared to the carrying value to determine whether impairment exists. If assets are determined to be impaired, the loss is measured based on an estimate of fair value using various valuation techniques, including a discounted estimate of future cash flows.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the difference between the total purchase price and the fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities acquired in business acquisitions.
The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level as of November 30 every year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (referred to as a component) to which goodwill is assigned when initially recorded.
The Company identifies its reporting units by assessing whether the components of its reporting segments constitute businesses for which discrete financial information is available and management of each reporting unit regularly reviews the operating results of those components. The Company determined that it has six reporting units under the Nourish, Health & Biosciences, Scent and Pharma Solutions segments: (1) Nourish, (2) Fragrance Compounds, (3) Fragrance Ingredients, (4) Cosmetic Actives, (5) Health & Biosciences and (6) Pharma Solutions. These reporting units were determined based on the level at which the performance is measured and reviewed by segment management. In cases where the components of an operating segment have similar economic characteristics, they are aggregated into a single reporting unit.
Events in Russia and Ukraine
The Company maintains operations in both Russia and Ukraine and, additionally, exports products to customers in Russia and Ukraine from operations outside the region. In response to the events in Ukraine, the Company has limited the production and supply of ingredients in and to Russia to only those that meet the essential needs of people, including food, hygiene and medicine.
Allowances for Bad Debts
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had a reserve of approximately $3 million related to expected credit losses on receivables from customers located in Russia and Ukraine. The Company will continue to evaluate its credit exposure related to Russia and Ukraine.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-06, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848.” The ASU was issued to provide an update on ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 that were issued in March 2020 and January 2021, respectively, which provided optional accounting guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions to existing accounting requirements for contract modifications and hedge accounting related to transitioning from discontinued reference rates, such as London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), to alternative reference rates, if certain criteria are met. With the issuance of ASU 2022-06, the sunset date of Topic 848 has been deferred from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in Topic 848. On March 23, 2023, the Company amended certain existing debt agreements where the interest rate benchmark was updated from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Term SOFR”). The Company had adopted Topic 848 and also applied it to its recent amendments of its debt agreements. See Note 8 for additional information on the amendments to the debt agreements.