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Segments - Results of Continuing Operations (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Sep. 30, 2019
Sep. 30, 2020
Sep. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Information          
Revenue $ 17,560 $ 18,028 $ 53,253 $ 55,370 $ 77,000
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing operations 1,827 1,522 3,348 6,173  
External Revenue          
Segment Information          
Revenue 17,510 17,886 53,090 54,317  
External Revenue | Cloud & Cognitive Software          
Segment Information          
Revenue 5,553 5,201 16,540 15,731  
External Revenue | Global Business Services          
Segment Information          
Revenue 3,965 4,160 11,992 12,513  
External Revenue | Global Technology Services          
Segment Information          
Revenue 6,462 6,700 19,245 20,412  
External Revenue | Systems          
Segment Information          
Revenue 1,257 1,481 4,477 4,562  
External Revenue | Global Financing          
Segment Information          
Revenue 273 343 837 1,100  
Internal transactions          
Segment Information          
Revenue (1,683) (1,541) (4,780) (4,638)  
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing operations (158) (84) (334) (233)  
Internal transactions | Cloud & Cognitive Software          
Segment Information          
Revenue (875) (686) (2,431) (2,135)  
Internal transactions | Global Business Services          
Segment Information          
Revenue (49) (70) (150) (213)  
Internal transactions | Global Technology Services          
Segment Information          
Revenue (312) (287) (911) (879)  
Internal transactions | Systems          
Segment Information          
Revenue (240) (195) (628) (528)  
Internal transactions | Global Financing          
Segment Information          
Revenue (208) (302) (660) (884)  
Business Segments          
Segment Information          
Revenue 19,193 19,427 57,870 58,956  
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing operations $ 2,962 $ 2,661 $ 6,708 $ 7,938  
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent) (1.20%)   (1.80%)    
Pre-tax income/(loss) year-to-year change (as a percent) 11.30%   (15.50%)    
Pre-tax income/(loss) margin (as a percent) 15.40% 13.70% 11.60% 13.50%  
Business Segments | Cloud & Cognitive Software          
Segment Information          
Revenue $ 6,428 $ 5,888 $ 18,971 $ 17,865  
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing operations $ 1,834 $ 1,290 $ 4,475 $ 5,082  
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent) 9.20%   6.20%    
Pre-tax income/(loss) year-to-year change (as a percent) 42.20%   (11.90%)    
Pre-tax income/(loss) margin (as a percent) 28.50% 21.90% 23.60% 28.40%  
Business Segments | Global Business Services          
Segment Information          
Revenue $ 4,014 $ 4,230 $ 12,142 $ 12,726  
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing operations $ 570 $ 567 $ 1,203 $ 1,154  
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent) (5.10%)   (4.60%)    
Pre-tax income/(loss) year-to-year change (as a percent) 0.60%   4.20%    
Pre-tax income/(loss) margin (as a percent) 14.20% 13.40% 9.90% 9.10%  
Business Segments | Global Technology Services          
Segment Information          
Revenue $ 6,774 $ 6,988 $ 20,155 $ 21,291  
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing operations $ 399 $ 490 $ 471 $ 1,000  
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent) (3.10%)   (5.30%)    
Pre-tax income/(loss) year-to-year change (as a percent) (18.70%)   (53.00%)    
Pre-tax income/(loss) margin (as a percent) 5.90% 7.00% 2.30% 4.70%  
Business Segments | Systems          
Segment Information          
Revenue $ 1,497 $ 1,676 $ 5,106 $ 5,091  
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing operations $ (37) $ 39 $ (7) $ (101)  
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent) (10.60%)   0.30%    
Pre-tax income/(loss) year-to-year change (as a percent)     (93.60%)    
Pre-tax income/(loss) margin (as a percent) (2.50%) 2.30% (0.10%) (2.00%)  
Business Segments | Global Financing          
Segment Information          
Revenue $ 480 $ 645 $ 1,497 $ 1,983  
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing operations $ 196 $ 275 $ 566 $ 803  
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent) (25.60%)   (24.50%)    
Pre-tax income/(loss) year-to-year change (as a percent) (28.90%)   (29.50%)    
Pre-tax income/(loss) margin (as a percent) 40.70% 42.60% 37.80% 40.50%  
Adjustment          
Segment Information          
Revenue         $ 300