10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10 - Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2011

1-2360

(Commission file number)

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York	13-0871985
(State of incorporation)	(IRS employer identification number)
Armonk, New York	10504
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

914-499-1900

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section l3 or l5(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding l2 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes xNo o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer x	Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o No x

The registrant has 1,178,618,168 shares of common stock outstanding at September 30, 2011.

Index

	Page
Part I - Financial Information:	3
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements:	3
Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010	3
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010	4
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010	6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition	37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	74
Part II - Other Information:	74
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	74
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds and Issuer Repurchases ofEquity Securities	75
Item 6. Exhibits	75

2

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements:

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)	2011			2010			2011			2010
Revenue:
Services	$	15,299		$	14,179		$	45,241		$	41,808
Sales	10,331			9,556			30,612			27,413
Financing	527			536			1,577			1,630
Total revenue	26,157			24,271			77,430			70,852
Cost:
Services	10,138			9,509			30,569			28,221
Sales	3,570			3,512			10,657			10,049
Financing	276			249			787			795
Total cost	13,984			13,270			42,014			39,065
Gross profit	12,173			11,001			35,416			31,787
Expense and other income:
Selling, general and administrative	5,662			5,149			17,518			15,886
Research, development and engineering	1,546			1,464			4,703			4,448
Intellectual property and custom development income	(298		)	(278		)	(855		)	(836		)
Other (income) and expense	128			(106		)	23			(746		)
Interest expense	107			95			298			267
Total expense and other income	7,146			6,324			21,687			19,019
Income before income taxes	5,027			4,677			13,729			12,767
Provision for income taxes	1,188			1,088			3,364			3,192
Net income	$	3,839		$	3,589		$	10,365		$	9,576
Earnings per share of common stock:
Assuming dilution	$	3.19		$	2.82		$	8.48		$	7.38
Basic	$	3.23		$	2.86		$	8.60		$	7.49
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: (millions)
Assuming dilution	1,204.9			1,272.8			1,222.1			1,297.0
Basic	1,188.6			1,255.2			1,205.2			1,278.3
Cash dividend per common share	$	0.75		$	0.65		$	2.15		$	1.85

(Amounts may not add due to rounding.)

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.)

3

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

(UNAUDITED)

ASSETS

(Dollars in millions)	At September 30, 2011		At December 31, 2010
Assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,303	$	10,661
Marketable securities	—		990
Notes and accounts receivable — trade (net of allowances of $282 in 2011 and $324 in 2010)	9,719		10,834
Short-term financing receivables (net of allowances of $266 in 2011 and $342 in 2010)	14,145		16,257
Other accounts receivable (net of allowances of $11 in 2011 and $10 in 2010)	1,123		1,134
Inventories, at lower of average cost or market:
Finished goods	618		432
Work in process and raw materials	2,045		2,018
Total inventories	2,663		2,450
Deferred taxes	1,247		1,564
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,172		4,226
Total current assets	45,373		48,116
Plant, rental machines and other property	40,139		40,289
Less: Accumulated depreciation	26,252		26,193
Plant, rental machines and other property — net	13,887		14,096
Long-term financing receivables (net of allowances of $37 in 2011 and $58 in 2010)	9,830		10,548
Prepaid pension assets	5,131		3,068
Deferred taxes	2,570		3,220
Goodwill	24,913		25,136
Intangible assets — net	3,033		3,488
Investments and sundry assets	5,422		5,778
Total assets	$	110,158	$	113,452

 (Amounts may not add due to rounding.)

 (The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.)

4

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION — (CONTINUED)

(UNAUDITED)

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

(Dollars in millions)			At September 30, 2011			At December 31, 2010
Liabilities:
Current liabilities:
Taxes			$	2,360		$	4,216
Short-term debt			6,071			6,778
Accounts payable			7,093			7,804
Compensation and benefits			4,826			5,028
Deferred income			11,252			11,580
Other accrued expenses and liabilities			4,426			5,156
Total current liabilities			36,028			40,562
Long-term debt			24,089			21,846
Retirement and nonpension postretirement benefit obligations			15,375			15,978
Deferred income			3,634			3,666
Other liabilities			8,654			8,226
Total liabilities			87,781			90,279
Equity:
IBM stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, par value $0.20 per share, and additional paid-in capital			47,558			45,418
Shares authorized: 4,687,500,000
Shares issued:		2011 – 2,179,118,982
		2010 – 2,161,800,054
Retained earnings			100,266			92,532
Treasury stock - at cost			(107,434		)	(96,161		)
Shares:	2011 – 1,000,500,814
	2010 –    933,806,510
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)			(18,099		)	(18,743		)
Total IBM stockholders’ equity			22,291			23,046
Noncontrolling interests			87			126
Total equity			22,378			23,172
Total liabilities and equity			$	110,158		$	113,452

(Amounts may not add due to rounding.)

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.)

5

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010*
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income	$	10,365		$	9,576
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided from operating activities:
Depreciation	2,701			2,737
Amortization of intangibles	926			859
Stock-based compensation	498			474
Net (gain)/loss on asset sales and other	(252		)	(671		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions/divestitures	(1,488		)	(221		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	12,750			12,754
Cash flow from investing activities:
Payments for plant, rental machines and other property	(3,060		)	(3,033		)
Proceeds from disposition of plant, rental machines and other property	480			585
Investment in software	(421		)	(433		)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	(223		)	(2,993		)
Divestiture of businesses, net of cash transferred	4			0
Non-operating finance receivables — net	534			173
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments	(1,156		)	(5,237		)
Proceeds from disposition of marketable securities and other investments	2,950			6,513
Net cash used in investing activities	(891		)	(4,425		)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Proceeds from new debt	6,652			4,665
Payments to settle debt	(5,625		)	(5,122		)
Short-term borrowings/(repayments) less than 90 days — net	116			1,405
Common stock repurchases	(11,465		)	(11,774		)
Common stock transactions — other	2,029			2,625
Cash dividends paid	(2,593		)	(2,369		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(10,886		)	(10,569		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(330		)	(83		)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	643			(2,324		)
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1	10,661			12,183
Cash and cash equivalents at September 30	$	11,303		$	9,859

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

(Amounts may not add due to rounding.)

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.)

6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements:

1. Basis of Presentation: The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes of the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM or the company) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The financial statements and footnotes are unaudited. In the opinion of the company’s management, these statements include all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present a fair statement of the company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, expenses and accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) that are reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying disclosures. Actual results may be different. See the company’s 2010 Annual Report on pages 50 to 53 for a discussion of the company’s critical accounting estimates.

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of financial results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the company’s 2010 Annual Report.

Noncontrolling interest amounts in income of $0.9 million and $2.6 million, net of tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $5.7 million and $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, are presented in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings within the other (income) and expense line item. Additionally, changes to noncontrolling interests which are presented in Note 9, “Equity Activity,” on pages 27 and 28 were $(40) million and $2 million at September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Within the financial tables presented, certain columns and rows may not add due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes. Percentages presented are calculated from the underlying whole-dollar amounts. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. This is annotated where applicable.

2. Accounting Changes: In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued amended guidance that will simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. After assessment of certain qualitative factors, if it is determined to be more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, entities must perform the quantitative analysis of the goodwill impairment test. Otherwise, the quantitative test(s) become optional. The guidance is effective January 1, 2012 with early adoption permitted. The company will elect to adopt this guidance for the 2011 goodwill impairment test performed in the fourth quarter.

In September 2011, the FASB issued additional disclosure requirements for entities which participate in multi-employer pension plans. The purpose of the new disclosures is to provide financial statement users with information about an employer’s level of participation in and the financial health of significant plans. The new disclosures are effective for the December 31, 2011 financial statements. The company does not participate in any material multi-employer plans. There will be no impact to the consolidated financial results as the changes relate only to additional disclosures.

In June 2011, the FASB issued amended disclosure requirements for the presentation of comprehensive income. The amended guidance eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income (OCI) as part of the statement of changes in equity. Under the amended guidance, all changes in OCI are to be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income, or in two separate but consecutive financial statements. The changes are effective January 1, 2012 with early adoption permitted. There will be no impact to the consolidated financial results as the amendments relate only to changes in financial statement presentation.

In May 2011, the FASB issued amended guidance and disclosure requirements for fair value measurements.  These amendments are not expected to have a material impact to the consolidated financial results. These changes will be effective January 1, 2012 on a prospective basis. Early application is not permitted.

In January 2011, the FASB temporarily deferred the disclosures regarding troubled debt restructurings which were included in the disclosure requirements concerning the credit quality of financing receivables and the allowance for credit losses which were issued in July 2010.  In April 2011, the FASB issued additional guidance and clarifications to help creditors in determining whether a creditor has granted a concession, and whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties for purposes of determining whether a restructuring constitutes a troubled debt restructuring. The new guidance and the previously deferred disclosures became effective July 1, 2011 applied retrospectively to January 1, 2011. Prospective application is required for any new impairments identified as a result of this guidance. These changes did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. For further information on the disclosures regarding the credit quality of financing receivables, see Note 5 on pages 13 to 17.

7

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

In December 2010, the FASB issued amended guidance to clarify the acquisition date that should be used for reporting pro-forma financial information for business combinations. If comparative financial statements are presented, the pro-forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the comparable prior reporting period should be reported as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the current year had been completed as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period. The amendments in this guidance became effective prospectively for business combinations for which the acquisition date was on or after January 1, 2011. There was no impact in the consolidated financial results as the amendments relate only to additional disclosures.

In December 2010, the FASB issued amendments to the guidance on goodwill impairment testing. The amendments modify step 1 of the goodwill impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. For those reporting units, an entity is required to perform step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In making that determination, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that impairment may exist. The amendments were effective January 1, 2011 and did not have a material impact in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2010, the FASB issued additional disclosure requirements for fair value measurements which the company included in its interim and annual financial statements in 2010.  Certain disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) were deferred until January 1, 2011. These new requirements did not have an impact in the consolidated financial results as they relate only to additional disclosures.

3. Fair Value Measurements: Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Under this guidance, the company is required to classify certain assets and liabilities based on the following fair value hierarchy:

·Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets that are unadjusted and accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

·Level 2—Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and

·Level 3—Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable, including the company’s own assumptions in determining fair value.

The guidance requires the use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.

When available, the company uses unadjusted quoted market prices to measure the fair value and classifies such items within Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that use current market-based or independently sourced market parameters such as interest rates and currency rates. Items valued using internally generated models are classified according to the lowest level input or value driver that is significant to the valuation.

The determination of fair value considers various factors including interest rate yield curves and time value underlying the financial instruments. For derivatives and debt securities, the company uses a discounted cash flow analysis using discount rates commensurate with the duration of the instrument.

In determining the fair value of financial instruments, the company considers certain market valuation adjustments to the “base valuations” calculated using the methodologies described below for several parameters that market participants would consider in determining fair value:

·Counterparty credit risk adjustments are applied to financial instruments, taking into account the actual credit risk of a counterparty as observed in the credit default swap market to determine the true fair value of such an instrument.

·Credit risk adjustments are applied to reflect the company’s own credit risk when valuing all liabilities measured at fair value. The methodology is consistent with that applied in developing counterparty credit risk adjustments, but incorporates the company’s own credit risk as observed in the credit default swap market.

As an example, the fair value of derivatives is derived utilizing a discounted cash flow model that uses observable market inputs such as known notional value amounts, yield curves, spot and forward exchange rates as well as discount rates.

8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

These inputs relate to liquid, heavily traded currencies with active markets which are available for the full term of the derivative.

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets include equity method investments that are recognized at fair value at the measurement date to the extent that they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. Certain assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis can be subject to nonrecurring fair value measurements. These assets include public cost method investments that are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. In the event of an other-than-temporary impairment of a financial investment, fair value is measured using a model described on page 8.

Non-financial assets such as property, plant and equipment, land, goodwill and intangible assets are also subject to nonrecurring fair value measurements if they are deemed to be impaired. The impairment models used for nonfinancial assets depend on the type of asset. See Note A, “Significant Accounting Policies,” on pages 68 to 79 in the company’s 2010 Annual Report for further information. There were no material impairments of non-financial assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Accounting guidance permits the measurement of eligible financial assets, financial liabilities and firm commitments at fair value, on an instrument-by-instrument basis, that are otherwise not permitted to be accounted for at fair value under other accounting standards. This election is irrevocable. The company does not apply the fair value option to any eligible assets or liabilities.

The following tables present the company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

(Dollars in millions)
At September 30, 2011	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	—	$	3,602	$	—	$	3,602
Commercial paper	—		2,794		—		2,794
Money market funds	319		—		—		319
U.S. government securities	—		1,110				1,110
Other securities	—		40		—		40
Total	319		7,545		—		7,864
Debt securities — noncurrent(2)	1		7		—		8
Available-for-sale equity investments(2)	61		13		—		74
Derivative assets(3)
Interest rate contracts	—		895		—		895
Foreign exchange contracts	—		489		—		489
Equity contracts	—		7		—		7
Total	—		1,391		—		1,391		(5)
Total assets	$	381	$	8,956	$	—	$	9,337	(5)
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities(4)
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	535	$	—	$	535
Equity contracts	—		25		—		25
Total liabilities	$	—	$	560	$	—	$	560	(5)

(1)	Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(2)	Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(3)	The gross balances of derivative assets contained within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at September 30, 2011 are $492 million and $900 million, respectively.
(4)	The gross balances of derivative liabilities contained within other accrued expenses and liabilities, and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at September 30, 2011 are $447 million and $112 million, respectively.
(5)	If derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement had been netted in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the total derivative asset and liability positions would have been reduced by $336 million each.

9

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

(Dollars in millions)
At December 31, 2010	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	—	$	2,473	$	—	$	2,473
Commercial paper	—		2,673		—		2,673
Money market funds	1,532		—		—		1,532
Foreign government securities	—		1,054		—		1,054
U.S. government securities	—		44		—		44
U.S. government agency securities	—		22		—		22
Other securities	—		3		—		3
Total	1,532		6,269		—		7,801
Debt securities — current(2)
Commercial paper	—		490		—		490
U.S. government securities	—		500		—		500
Other securities	—		1		—		1
Total	—		990		—		990
Debt securities — noncurrent(3)	1		6		—		7
Available-for-sale equity investments(3)	445		13		—		458
Derivative assets(4)
Interest rate contracts	—		548		—		548
Foreign exchange contracts	—		539		—		539
Equity contracts	—		12		—		12
Total	—		1,099		—		1,099		(6)
Total assets	$	1,978	$	8,377	$	—	$	10,355	(6)
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities(5)
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	1,003	$	—	$	1,003
Equity contracts	—		3		—		3
Total liabilities	$	—	$	1,006	$	—	$	1,006	(6)

(1)	Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(2)	Reported as marketable securities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(3)	Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(4)	The gross balances of derivative assets contained within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2010 are $511 million and $588 million, respectively.
(5)	The gross balances of derivative liabilities contained within other accrued expenses and liabilities, and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2010 are $871 million and $135 million, respectively.
(6)	If derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement had been netted in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the total derivative asset and liability positions would have been reduced by $475 million each.

There were no significant transfers between Levels 1 and 2 for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2010.

10

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

4. Financial Instruments (excluding derivatives): Cash and cash equivalents, debt and marketable equity securities are recognized and measured at fair value in the company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Notes and other accounts receivable and other investments are financial assets with carrying values that approximate fair value. Accounts payable, other accrued expenses and short-term debt are financial liabilities with carrying values that approximate fair value. In the absence of quoted prices in active markets, judgment is required in developing estimates of fair value. Estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the company could realize in a current market transaction. The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate fair values:

Loans and Long-term Receivables

Fair values are based on discounted future cash flows using current interest rates offered for similar loans to clients with similar credit ratings for the same remaining maturities. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the difference between the carrying amount and estimated fair value for loans and long-term receivables was immaterial.

Long-term Debt

Fair value of publicly-traded long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for the identical liability when traded as an asset in an active market. For other long-term debt for which a quoted market price is not available, an expected present value technique that uses rates currently available to the company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities is used to estimate fair value. The carrying amount of long-term debt is $24,089 million and $21,846 million and the estimated fair value is $26,592 million and $24,006 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

Debt and Marketable Equity Securities

The following tables summarize the company’s debt and marketable equity securities all of which are considered available-for-sale and recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

			Gross		Gross
(Dollars in millions)	Adjusted		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
At September 30, 2011	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	3,602	$	—	$	(0	)	$	3,602
Commercial paper	2,794		—		(0		)	2,794
Money market funds	319		—		—			319
U.S. government securities	1,110		—		—			1,110
Other securities	40		—		—			40
Total	$	7,864	$	—	$	(0	)	$	7,864
Debt securities — noncurrent(2)
Other securities	$	7	$	1	$	—		$	8
Total	$	7	$	1	$	—		$	8
Available-for-sale equity investments(2)	$	57	$	19	$	(2	)	$	74

(1) Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

(2) Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

11

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

			Gross		Gross
(Dollars in millions)	Adjusted		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
At December 31, 2010	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	2,473	$	—	$	(0	)	$	2,473
Commercial paper	2,673		—		(0		)	2,673
Money market funds	1,532		—		—			1,532
Foreign government securities	1,054		—		—			1,054
U.S. government securities	44		0		(0		)	44
U.S. government agency securities	22		0		(0		)	22
Other securities	3		—		—			3
Total	$	7,801	$	0	$	(0	)	$	7,801
Debt securities — current(2)
Commercial paper	$	490	$	—	$	(0	)	$	490
U.S. government securities	500		—		(0		)	500
Other securities	1		—		(0		)	1
Total	$	990	$	—	$	(0	)	$	990
Debt securities — noncurrent(3)
Other securities	$	6	$	1	$	(0	)	$	7
Total	$	6	$	1	$	(0	)	$	7
Available-for-sale equity investments(3)	$	194	$	264	$	(0	)	$	458

(1) Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

(2) Reported as marketable securities within the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

(3) Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Based on an evaluation of available evidence as of September 30, 2011, the company believes that unrealized losses on debt and marketable equity securities are temporary and do not represent a need for an other-than-temporary impairment.

Proceeds from sales of debt securities and marketable equity securities were approximately $402 million for the first nine months of 2011. The gross realized gains (before taxes) on these sales totaled $232 million and gross realized losses (before taxes) totaled less than $1 million. There were no sales of debt and marketable equity securities in the third quarter of 2011. Proceeds from sales of debt securities and marketable equity securities were approximately $1 million and $14 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2010, respectively. The gross realized gains (before taxes) on these sales were less than $1 million and $5 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2010, respectively. The gross realized losses (before taxes) on these sales were less than $1 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2010.

The after tax net unrealized holding gains/(losses) on available-for-sale debt and marketable equity securities that have been included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and the after tax net (gains)/losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) to net income were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	$	(9	)	$	56
Net unrealized (gains)/losses reclassified to net income*	0			0

* Includes writedowns of $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

(Dollars in millions)
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	$	(12	)	$	50
Net unrealized (gains)/losses reclassified to net income*	(142		)	0

* Includes writedowns of $0.2 million and $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

12

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

The contractual maturities of substantially all available-for-sale debt securities are less than one year at September 30, 2011.

5. Financing Receivables: The following table presents financing receivables, net of allowances for credit losses, including residual values.

(Dollars in millions)	At September 30, 2011		At December 31, 2010
Current:
Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases	$	3,834	$	3,945
Commercial financing receivables	5,027		6,777
Client loan receivables	4,531		4,718
Installment payment receivables	754		816
Total	$	14,145	$	16,257
Noncurrent:
Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases	$	5,117	$	5,384
Commercial financing receivables	37		43
Client loan receivables	4,303		4,734
Installment payment receivables	372		388
Total	$	9,830	$	10,548

Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases relates principally to the company’s systems products and are for terms ranging generally from two to six years. Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases includes unguaranteed residual values of $738 million and $871 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, and is reflected net of unearned income of $746 million and $816 million and net of the allowance for credit losses of $109 million and $126 million at those dates, respectively.

Commercial financing receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $45 million and $58 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, relate primarily to inventory and accounts receivable financing for dealers and remarketers of IBM and non-IBM products. Payment terms for inventory and accounts receivable financing generally range from 30 to 90 days.

Client loan receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $99 million and $160 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, are loans that are provided by Global Financing primarily to clients to finance the purchase of software and services. Separate contractual relationships on these financing arrangements are for terms ranging generally from two to seven years.

Installment payment receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $49 million and $56 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, are secured loans that are provided primarily to clients to finance hardware and software ranging generally from two to three years.

Both client loan receivables and installment payment receivables financing contracts are priced independently at competitive market rates. The company has a history of enforcing the terms of these separate financing agreements.

The company utilizes certain of its financing receivables as collateral for non-recourse borrowings. Financing receivables pledged as collateral for borrowings were $307 million and $302 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

The company did not have any financing receivables held for sale as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

Financing Receivables by Portfolio Segment

The following tables present financing receivables on a gross basis excluding the allowance for credit losses and residual value, by portfolio segment and by class, excluding current commercial financing receivables and other miscellaneous current

13

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

financing receivables at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. The company determines its allowance for credit losses based on two portfolio segments: lease receivables and loan receivables, and further segments the portfolio via two classes: major markets and growth markets. For additional information on the company’s accounting policies for the allowance for credit losses, see the company’s 2010 Annual Report beginning on page 77.

(Dollars in millions) At September 30, 2011	Major Markets			Growth Markets			Total
Financing receivables:
Lease receivables	$	6,290		$	1,935		$	8,225
Loan receivables	8,105			2,079			10,184
Ending balance	$	14,395		$	4,014		$	18,409
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	14,111		$	3,905		$	18,016
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	284		$	109		$	393
Allowance for credit losses:
Lease receivables	$	84		$	42		$	126
Loan receivables	150			76			226
Beginning balance at January 1, 2011	$	234		$	119		$	353
Charge-offs	(56		)	(13		)	(69		)
Provision	(15		)	1			(14		)
Other	2			(4		)	(2		)
Lease receivables	68			41			109
Loan receivables	96			62			158
Ending balance at September 30, 2011	$	165		$	102		$	267
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	43		$	13		$	56
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	122		$	89		$	211

(Dollars in millions) At December 31, 2010	Major Markets		Growth Markets		Total
Financing receivables:
Lease receivables	$	6,562	$	1,983	$	8,545
Loan receivables	9,087		1,993		11,080
Ending balance	$	15,650	$	3,975	$	19,625
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	15,199	$	3,794	$	18,993
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	451	$	181	$	632
Allowance for credit losses:
Lease receivables*	$	84	$	42	$	126
Loan receivables*	150		76		226
Ending balance at December 31, 2010	$	234	$	119	$	353
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	60	$	11	$	71
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	174	$	108	$	282

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

When calculating the allowances, financing receivables are evaluated either on an individual or a collective basis. For individually evaluated receivables, the company determines the expected cash flow for the receivable and calculates an estimate of the potential loss and the probability of loss. For those accounts in which the loss is probable, the company records a specific reserve. In addition, the company records an unallocated reserve that is calculated by applying a reserve rate to its different portfolios, excluding accounts that have been specifically reserved. This reserve rate is based upon credit rating, probability of default, term, characteristics (lease/loan) and loss history.

Financing Receivables on Non-Accrual Status

Certain receivables for which the company has recorded a specific reserve may also be placed on non-accrual status. Non-accrual assets are those receivables with specific reserves or other receivables for which it is likely that the company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to original terms of the lease or loan agreement. Income recognition is discontinued on these receivables.

14

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

The following table presents the recorded investment in financing receivables which were on non-accrual status at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

(Dollars in millions)	At September 30,2011		At December 31, 2010
Major markets	$	46	$	69
Growth markets	20		33
Total lease receivables	$	66	$	101
Major markets	$	77	$	141
Growth markets	18		123
Total loan receivables	$	95	$	264
Total receivables	$	161	$	366

Impaired Loans

The company considers any loan with an individually evaluated reserve as an impaired loan. Depending on the level of impairment, loans will also be placed on non-accrual status (see section “Financing Receivables on Non-Accrual Status”).

The following tables present impaired client loan receivables at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

	At September 30, 2011				At December 31, 2010
(Dollars in millions)	RecordedInvestment		RelatedAllowance		RecordedInvestment		Related Allowance
Major markets	$	111	$	75	$	196	$	119
Growth markets	59		52		132		68
Total	$	170	$	127	$	328	$	187

(Dollars in millions) For the three months ended September 30, 2011:	AverageRecordedInvestment		InterestIncomeRecognized*		InterestIncomeRecognized on Cash Basis
Major markets	$	125	$	1	$	0
Growth markets	60		0		0
Total	$	185	$	1	$	0

* Impaired loans are placed on non-accrual status, depending on the level of impairment.

(Dollars in millions) For the nine months ended September 30, 2011:	AverageRecordedInvestment		InterestIncomeRecognized*		InterestIncomeRecognized on Cash Basis
Major markets	$	150	$	2	$	0
Growth markets	97		0		0
Total	$	248	$	2	$	0

* Impaired loans are placed on non-accrual status, depending on the level of impairment.

15

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

Credit Quality Indicators

The company’s credit quality indicators are based on rating agency data, publicly available information and information provided by the companies, and are reviewed periodically based on the relative level of risk. The resulting indicators are a numerical rating system that maps to Moody’s Investors Service credit ratings as shown below. Moody’s has not provided to the company a credit rating on its clients.

The tables below present the gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator, at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Receivables with a credit quality indicator ranging from Aaa to Baa3 are considered investment grade. All others are considered non-investment grade.

	Lease Receivables				Loan Receivables
(Dollars in millions) At September 30, 2011:	MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets		MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets
Credit Rating:
Aaa — Aa3	$	810	$	151	$	1,043	$	162
A1 — A3	1,357		188		1,748		202
Baal — Baa3	2,296		738		2,958		793
Bal — Ba2	944		471		1,217		506
Ba3 — B1	548		259		706		278
B2 — B3	230		109		297		117
Caa — D	105		19		135		20
Total	$	6,290	$	1,935	$	8,105	$	2,079

At September 30, 2011, the industries which made up Global Financing’s receivables portfolio consist of: Financial (38 percent), Government (16 percent), Manufacturing (13 percent), Retail (9 percent), Services (8 percent), Communications (5 percent) and Other (11 percent).

	Lease Receivables*				Loan Receivables*
(Dollars in millions) At December 31, 2010:	MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets		MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets
Credit Rating:
Aaa — Aa3	$	794	$	173	$	1,100	$	173
A1 — A3	1,463		182		2,026		183
Baal — Baa3	2,494		837		3,453		841
Bal — Ba2	899		403		1,245		405
Ba3 — B1	518		242		718		243
B2 — B3	230		93		318		94
Caa — D	164		54		227		54
Total	$	6,562	$	1,983	$	9,087	$	1,993

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

At December 31, 2010, the industries which make up Global Financing’s receivables portfolio consist of:  Financial (36 percent), Government (16 percent), Manufacturing (14 percent), Retail (9 percent), Services (8 percent), Communications (5 percent) and Other (12 percent).

16

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

Past Due Financing Receivables

The company views receivables as past due when payment has not been received after 90 days, measured from billing date.

(Dollars in millions) At September 30, 2011:	Total Past Due > 90 days*		Current		Total Financing Receivables		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
Major markets	$	10	$	6,279	$	6,290	$	10
Growth markets	13		1,923		1,935		10
Total lease receivables	$	23	$	8,202	$	8,225	$	19
Major markets	$	28	$	8,077	$	8,105	$	11
Growth markets	20		2,059		2,079		18
Total loan receivables	$	48	$	10,136	$	10,184	$	30
Total	$	71	$	18,337	$	18,409	$	49

* Does not include accounts that are fully reserved.

(Dollars in millions) At December 31, 2010:	Total Past Due > 90 days*		Current		Total Financing Receivables		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
Major markets	$	10	$	6,552	$	6,562	$	5
Growth markets	13		1,970		1,983		5
Total lease receivables	$	22	$	8,523	$	8,545	$	10
Major markets	$	11	$	9,076	$	9,087	$	4
Growth markets	32		1,961		1,993		17
Total loan receivables	$	43	$	11,037	$	11,080	$	21
Total	$	65	$	19,560	$	19,625	$	31

* Does not include accounts that are fully reserved.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

As noted in Note 2, “Accounting Changes,” the company adopted new FASB guidance to help creditors determine whether a restructuring constitutes a troubled debt restructuring. The company assessed all restructurings that occurred on or after January 1, 2011 and determined that there were no troubled debt restructurings for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

6. Derivative Financial Instruments: The company operates in multiple functional currencies and is a significant lender and borrower in the global markets. In the normal course of business, the company is exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and foreign currency fluctuations, and to a lesser extent equity and commodity price changes and client credit risk. The company limits these risks by following established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives, and, where cost effective, financing with debt in the currencies in which assets are denominated. For interest rate exposures, derivatives are used to better align rate movements between the interest rates associated with the company’s lease and other financial assets and the interest rates associated with its financing debt. Derivatives are also used to manage the related cost of debt. For foreign currency exposures, derivatives are used to better manage the cash flow volatility arising from foreign exchange rate fluctuations.

17

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

As a result of the use of derivative instruments, the company is exposed to the risk that counterparties to derivative contracts will fail to meet their contractual obligations. To mitigate the counterparty credit risk, the company has a policy of only entering into contracts with carefully selected major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors. The company’s established policies and procedures for mitigating credit risk on principal transactions include reviewing and establishing limits for credit exposure and continually assessing the creditworthiness of counterparties. The right of set-off that exists under certain of these arrangements enables the legal entities of the company subject to the arrangement to net amounts due to and from the counterparty reducing the maximum loss from credit risk in the event of counterparty default.

The company is also a party to collateral security arrangements with most of its major counterparties. These arrangements require the company to hold or post collateral (cash or U.S. Treasury securities) when the derivative fair values exceed contractually established thresholds. Posting thresholds can be fixed or can vary based on credit default swap pricing or credit ratings received from the major credit agencies. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments under these collateralized arrangements that were in a liability position at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was $90 million and $363 million, respectively. The company posted no collateral at September 30, 2011, and posted collateral of $9 million at December 31, 2010. Full collateralization of these agreements would be required in the event that the company’s credit rating falls below investment grade or if its credit default swap spread exceeds 250 basis points, as applicable, pursuant to the terms of the collateral security arrangements. The aggregate fair value of derivative instruments in net asset positions as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was $1,391 million and $1,099 million, respectively. This amount represents the maximum exposure to loss at the reporting date as a result of the counterparties failing to perform as contracted. This exposure was reduced by $336 million and $475 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, of liabilities included in master netting arrangements with those counterparties. Additionally, at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, this exposure was reduced by $469 million and $88 million of collateral, respectively, received by the company.

The company does not offset derivative assets against liabilities in master netting arrangements nor does it offset receivables or payables recognized upon payment or receipt of cash collateral against the fair values of the related derivative instruments. No amount was recognized in other receivables at September 30, 2011 for the right to reclaim cash collateral. At December 31, 2010, $9 million was recognized in other receivables for the right to reclaim cash collateral. The amount recognized in accounts payable for the obligation to return cash collateral totaled $469 million and $88 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The company restricts the use of cash collateral received to rehypothecation, and therefore reports it in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. No amount was rehypothecated at September 30, 2011. At December 31, 2010, $9 million was rehypothecated.

The company may employ derivative instruments to hedge the volatility in stockholders’ equity resulting from changes in currency exchange rates of significant foreign subsidiaries of the company with respect to the U.S. dollar. These instruments, designated as net investment hedges, expose the company to liquidity risk as the derivatives have an immediate cash flow impact upon maturity which is not offset by a cash flow from the translation of the underlying hedged equity. The company monitors this cash loss potential on an ongoing basis and may discontinue some of these hedging relationships by de-designating or terminating the derivative instrument in order to manage the liquidity risk. Although not designated as accounting hedges, the company may utilize derivatives to offset the changes in the fair value of the de-designated instruments from the date of de-designation until maturity.

In its hedging programs, the company uses forward contracts, futures contracts, interest-rate swaps and cross-currency swaps, depending upon the underlying exposure. The company is not a party to leveraged derivative instruments.

A brief description of the major hedging programs, categorized by underlying risk, follows.

Interest Rate Risk

Fixed and Variable Rate Borrowings

The company issues debt in the global capital markets, principally to fund its financing lease and loan portfolio. Access to cost-effective financing can result in interest rate mismatches with the underlying assets. To manage these mismatches and to reduce overall interest cost, the company uses interest-rate swaps to convert specific fixed-rate debt issuances into variable-rate debt (i.e., fair value hedges) and to convert specific variable-rate debt issuances into fixed-rate debt (i.e., cash flow hedges). At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of the company’s interest rate swaps

18

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

was  $6.7 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively. The weighted-average remaining maturity of these instruments at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was approximately 5.1 years and 5.7 years, respectively.

Forecasted Debt Issuance

The company is exposed to interest rate volatility on future debt issuances. To manage this risk, the company may use forward starting interest-rate swaps to lock in the rate on the interest payments related to the forecasted debt issuance. These swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The company did not have any derivative instruments relating to this program outstanding at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, net losses of approximately $7 million and $13 million (before taxes), respectively, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in connection with cash flow hedges of the company’s borrowings. For both periods, $8 million of losses are expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying transactions.

Foreign Exchange Risk

Long-Term Investments in Foreign Subsidiaries (Net Investment)

A large portion of the company’s foreign currency denominated debt portfolio is designated as a hedge of net investment in foreign subsidiaries to reduce the volatility in stockholders’ equity caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates in the functional currency of major foreign subsidiaries with respect to the U.S. dollar. The company also uses cross-currency swaps and foreign exchange forward contracts for this risk management purpose. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges was $2.0 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively. The weighted-average remaining maturity of these instruments at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was approximately 0.2 years and 0.4 years, respectively.

In addition, at December 31, 2010, the company had liabilities of $221 million, representing the fair value of derivative instruments that were previously designated in qualifying net investment hedging relationships, but were de-designated prior to December 31, 2010; this amount is expected to mature over the next 12 months. The notional amount of these instruments at December 31, 2010 was $1.6 billion, including original and offsetting transactions. No similar instruments were outstanding at September 30, 2011.

Anticipated Royalties and Cost Transactions

The company’s operations generate significant nonfunctional currency, third-party vendor payments and intercompany payments for royalties and goods and services among the company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries and with the parent company. In anticipation of these foreign currency cash flows and in view of the volatility of the currency markets, the company selectively employs foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its currency risk. These forward contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The maximum length of time over which the company is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 3.9 years. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted royalty and cost transactions was $11.2 billion and $11.3 billion, respectively, with a weighted-average remaining maturity of 0.6 years and 0.8 years, respectively.

At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, in connection with cash flow hedges of anticipated royalties and cost transactions, the company recorded net gains of $183 million and net losses of $147 million (before taxes), respectively, in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss). Within these amounts $195 million of gains and $249 million of losses, respectively, are expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying anticipated transactions.

Foreign Currency Denominated Borrowings

The company is exposed to exchange rate volatility on foreign currency denominated debt. To manage this risk, the company employs cross-currency swaps to convert fixed-rate foreign currency denominated debt to fixed-rate debt denominated in the functional currency of the borrowing entity. These swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The maximum length of time over which the company is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 2.3 years.

19

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of cross-currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges of foreign currency denominated debt was $0.1 billion and $0.2 billion, respectively.

At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, net losses of approximately $2 million and $1 million (before taxes), respectively, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in connection with cash flow hedges of the company’s borrowings. Within these amounts approximately $1 million of losses are expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months for both periods, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying transactions.

Subsidiary Cash and Foreign Currency Asset/Liability Management

The company uses its Global Treasury Centers to manage the cash of its subsidiaries. These centers principally use currency swaps to convert cash flows in a cost-effective manner. In addition, the company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to economically hedge, on a net basis, the foreign currency exposure of a portion of the company’s nonfunctional currency assets and liabilities. The terms of these forward and swap contracts are generally less than two years. The changes in the fair values of these contracts and of the underlying hedged exposures are generally offsetting and are recorded in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of derivative instruments in economic hedges of foreign currency exposure was $9.6 billion and $13.0 billion, respectively.

Equity Risk Management

The company is exposed to market price changes in certain broad market indices and in the company’s own stock primarily related to certain obligations to employees. Changes in the overall value of these employee compensation obligations are recorded in selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. Although not designated as accounting hedges, the company utilizes derivatives, including equity swaps and futures, to economically hedge the exposures related to its employee compensation obligations. The derivatives are linked to the total return on certain broad market indices or the total return on the company’s common stock. They are recorded at fair value with gains or losses also reported in SG&A expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of derivative instruments in economic hedges of these compensation obligations was $0.9 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively.

Other Risks

The company may hold warrants to purchase shares of common stock in connection with various investments that are deemed derivatives because they contain net share or net cash settlement provisions. The company records the changes in the fair value of these warrants in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. The company did not have any warrants qualifying as derivatives outstanding at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

The company is exposed to a potential loss if a client fails to pay amounts due under contractual terms. The company utilizes credit default swaps to economically hedge its credit exposures. These derivatives have terms of one year or less. The swaps are recorded at fair value with gains and losses reported in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. The company did not have any derivative instruments relating to this program outstanding at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

The following tables provide a quantitative summary of the derivative and non-derivative instrument related risk management activity as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 as well as for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively:

20

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010

	Fair Value of Derivative Assets					Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
	Balance Sheet					Balance Sheet
(Dollars in millions)	Classification	9/30/2011		12/31/2010		Classification	9/30/2011		12/31/2010
Designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	26	$	33	Other accrued expenses and liabilities	$	—	$	—
	Investments and sundry assets	870		514		Other liabilities	—		—
Foreign exchange contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	358		224		Other accrued expenses and liabilities	363		498
	Investments and sundry assets	4		22		Other liabilities	112		135
Fair value of derivative assets		$	1,257	$	794	Fair value of derivative liabilities	$	475	$	633
Not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	101	$	242	Other accrued expenses and liabilities	$	60	$	370
	Investments and sundry assets	26		51		Other liabilities	—		—
Equity contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	7		12		Other accrued expenses and liabilities	25		3
Fair value of derivative assets		$	134	$	305	Fair value of derivative liabilities	$	84	$	373
Total debt designated as hedging instruments:
Short-term debt		N/A		N/A			$	808	$	823
Long-term debt		N/A		N/A			1,915		1,746
Total		$	1,391	$	1,099		$	3,282	$	3,576

N/A—not applicable

21

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings

For the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
	Consolidated	Recognized on					Attributable to Risk
(Dollars in millions)	Statement of	Derivatives(1)					Being Hedged(2)
For the three months ended September 30:	Earnings Line Item	2011			2010		2011			2010
Derivative instruments in fair value hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Cost of financing	$	204		$	135	$	(166	)	$	(90	)
	Interest expense	141			86		(115		)	(58		)
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:(1)
Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) and expense	183			584		N/A			N/A
Equity contracts	SG&A expense	(100		)	76		N/A			N/A
Warrants	Other (income) and expense	10			—		N/A			N/A
Total		$	438		$	881	$	(281	)	$	(148	)

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income
													Ineffectiveness and
	Effective Portion					Consolidated	Effective Portion Reclassified						Amounts Excluded from
For the three months ended	Recognized in AOCI					Statement of	from AOCI to Earnings						Effectiveness Testing(3)
September 30:	2011		2010			Earnings Line Item	2011			2010			2011			2010
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	—	$	—		Interest expense	$	(2	)	$	(2	)	$	—		$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	295		(927		)	Other (income) and expense	(86		)	(5		)	(2		)	4
						Cost of sales	(60		)	1			—			—
						SG&A expense	(19		)	(2		)	—			—
Instruments in net investment hedges(4):
Foreign exchange contracts	237		(440		)	Interest expense	—			0			(4		)	1
Total	$	532	$	(1,367	)		$	(167	)	$	(7	)	$	(6	)	$	5

Note: AOCI represents Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity.

(1)The amount includes changes in clean fair values of the derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships and the periodic accrual for coupon payments required under these derivative contracts.

(2)The amount includes basis adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item recorded during the period and amortization of basis adjustments recorded on de-designated hedging relationships during the period.

(3)The amount of gain/(loss) recognized in income represents ineffectiveness on hedge relationships.

(4)Instruments in net investment hedges include derivative and non-derivative instruments.

22

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings

For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
	Consolidated	Recognized on					Attributable to Risk
(Dollars in millions)	Statement of	Derivatives(1)					Being Hedged(2)
For the nine months ended September 30:	Earnings Line Item	2011			2010		2011			2010
Derivative instruments in fair value hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Cost of financing	$	263		$	382	$	(142	)	$	(251	)
	Interest expense	183			245		(99		)	(161		)
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:(1)
Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) and expense	388			279		N/A			N/A
Equity contracts	SG&A expense	(28		)	34		N/A			N/A
Warrants	Other (income) and expense	10			—		N/A			N/A
Total		$	816		$	940	$	(241	)	$	(412	)

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income
													Ineffectiveness and
	Effective Portion					Consolidated	Effective Portion Reclassified						Amounts Excluded from
For the nine months ended	Recognized in AOCI					Statement of	from AOCI to Earnings						Effectiveness Testing(3)
September 30:	2011			2010		Earnings Line Item	2011			2010			2011			2010
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	—		$	—	Interest expense	$	(6	)	$	(6	)	$	—		$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	(159		)	464		Other (income) and expense	(256		)	(19		)	(2		)	(3		)
						Cost of sales	(163		)	(81		)	—			—
						SG&A expense	(70		)	(46		)	—			—
Instruments in net investment hedges(4):
Foreign exchange contracts	(15		)	147		Interest expense	—			0			(10		)	1
Total	$	(174	)	$	611		$	(494	)	$	(152	)	$	(12	)	$	(2	)

Note: AOCI represents Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity.

(1)The amount includes changes in clean fair values of the derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships and the periodic accrual for coupon payments required under these derivative contracts.

(2)The amount includes basis adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item recorded during the period and amortization of basis adjustments recorded on de-designated hedging relationships during the period.

(3)The amount of gain/(loss) recognized in income represents ineffectiveness on hedge relationships.

(4)Instruments in net investment hedges include derivative and non-derivative instruments.

For the three and nine months ending September 30, 2011 and 2010, there were no significant gains or losses recognized in earnings representing hedge ineffectiveness or excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness (for fair value hedges), or associated with an underlying exposure that did not or was not expected to occur (for cash flow hedges); nor are there any anticipated in the normal course of business.

Refer to the 2010 IBM Annual Report, Note A, “Significant Accounting Policies,” on pages 75 and 76 for additional information on the company’s use of derivative financial instruments.

23

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

7. Stock-Based Compensation: Stock-based compensation cost is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized over the employee requisite service period.  The following table presents total stock-based compensation cost included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010			2011			2010
Cost	$	35		$	23		$	81		$	72
Selling, general and administrative	116			118			372			366
Research, development and engineering	15			12			45			36
Other (income) and expense*	—			—			—			(1		)
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost	166			153			498			474
Income tax benefits	(57		)	(57		)	(177		)	(174		)
Total stock-based compensation cost	$	109		$	96		$	321		$	300

* Reflects the one-time effects of the sale of the Product Lifecycle Management activities in 2010.

The increase in pre-tax stock-based compensation cost for the three months ended September 30, 2011, as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was primarily due to an increase related to the company’s assumption of stock-based awards previously issued by acquired entities ($2 million) and increases related to restricted stock units ($11 million). The increase in pre-tax stock-based compensation cost for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was primarily due to an increase related to the company’s assumption of stock-based awards previously issued by acquired entities ($21 million) and increases related to restricted stock units ($6 million), partially offset by a reduction related to stock options ($3 million).

As of September 30, 2011, the total unrecognized compensation cost of $1,455 million related to non-vested awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately three years.

There were no significant capitalized stock-based compensation costs at September 30, 2011 and 2010.

8. Segments:  The tables on pages 25 and 26 reflect the results of operations of the company’s segments consistent with the   management and measurement system utilized within the company. Performance measurement is based on pre-tax income. These results are used, in part, by senior management, both in evaluating the performance of, and in allocating resources to, each of the segments.

Effective January 1, 2011, the company transitioned its management and measurement system to reflect operating earnings in an effort to provide better transparency into the operational results of the business. As a result, certain acquisition-related charges and non-operating retirement-related costs are not reflected in the segment results. See the “Snapshot” section beginning on page 37 for additional information regarding this change. Prior year segment pre-tax income and pre-tax margin have been reclassified to conform to the new management and measurement system.

24

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

SEGMENT INFORMATION

	Global Services
	Global Technology			Global Business						Systems and			Global			Total
(Dollars in millions)	Services			Services			Software			Technology			Financing			Segments
For the three months ended September 30, 2011:
External revenue	$	10,322		$	4,832		$	5,817		$	4,482		$	520		$	25,974
Internal revenue	316			199			804			190			480			1,989
Total revenue	$	10,638		$	5,031		$	6,621		$	4,672		$	999		$	27,963
Pre-tax income	$	1,695		$	775		$	2,214		$	318		$	481		$	5,484
Revenue year-to-year change	7.9		%	5.5		%	12.6		%	3.3		%	4.0		%	7.6		%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change	12.5		%	12.8		%	12.0		%	7.8		%	(4.0		)%	10.4		%
Pre-tax income margin	15.9		%	15.4		%	33.4		%	6.8		%	48.2		%	19.6		%
For the three months ended September 30, 2010:
External revenue	$	9,496		$	4,572		$	5,151		$	4,325		$	529		$	24,072
Internal revenue	362			199			728			196			432			1,917
Total revenue	$	9,857		$	4,771		$	5,879		$	4,521		$	961		$	25,990
Pre-tax income*	$	1,506		$	687		$	1,978		$	295		$	502		$	4,968
Pre-tax income margin*	15.3		%	14.4		%	33.6		%	6.5		%	52.2		%	19.1		%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

Reconciliations to IBM as Reported:

(Dollars in millions)
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010*
Revenue:
Total reportable segments	$	27,963		$	25,990
Eliminations/other	(1,806		)	(1,718		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	26,157		$	24,271
Pre-tax income:
Total reportable segments	$	5,484		$	4,968
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	(158		)	(127		)
Acquisition related charges	(21		)	(13		)
Non-operating retirement-related costs	29			104
Eliminations/other	(306		)	(256		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	5,027		$	4,677

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

25

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

SEGMENT INFORMATION

	Global Services
	Global Technology			Global Business						Systems and			Global			Total
(Dollars in millions)	Services			Services			Software			Technology			Financing			Segments
For the nine months ended September 30, 2011:
External revenue	$	30,427		$	14,407		$	17,295		$	13,182		$	1,555		$	76,866
Internal revenue	943			604			2,425			652			1,524			6,148
Total revenue	$	31,370		$	15,012		$	19,720		$	13,834		$	3,078		$	83,015
Pre-tax income	$	4,353		$	2,166		$	6,260		$	843		$	1,497		$	15,118
Revenue year-to-year change	8.0		%	6.7		%	11.9		%	12.8		%	7.0		%	9.4		%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change	12.7		%	19.6		%	1.5		%	197.9		%	7.6		%	11.9		%
Pre-tax income margin	13.9		%	14.4		%	31.7		%	6.1		%	48.6		%	18.2		%
For the nine months ended September 30, 2010:
External revenue	$	28,036		$	13,465		$	15,447		$	11,696		$	1,610		$	70,253
Internal revenue	1,014			599			2,176			572			1,267			5,627
Total revenue	$	29,050		$	14,064		$	17,623		$	12,267		$	2,877		$	75,880
Pre-tax income*	$	3,863		$	1,811		$	6,167		$	283		$	1,391		$	13,514
Pre-tax income margin*	13.3		%	12.9		%	35.0		%	2.3		%	48.3		%	17.8		%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

Reconciliations to IBM as Reported:

(Dollars in millions)
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010*
Revenue:
Total reportable segments	$	83,015		$	75,880
Eliminations/other	(5,585		)	(5,028		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	77,430		$	70,852
Pre-tax income:
Total reportable segments	$	15,118		$	13,514
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	(476		)	(355		)
Acquisition related charges	(32		)	(23		)
Non-operating retirement-related costs	37			293
Eliminations/other	(918		)	(662		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	13,729		$	12,767

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

26

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  – (continued)

9. Equity Activity:

(Dollars in millions)	Common Stock and Additional Paid–in Capital		Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)			Total IBM Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity
Equity - January 1, 2011	$	45,418	$	92,532		$	(96,161	)	$	(18,743	)	$	23,046		$	126		$	23,172
Net income			10,365									10,365						10,365
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (total)									645			645						645
Cash dividends declared – common stock			(2,593		)							(2,593		)				(2,593		)
Stock transactions related to employee plans – net	2,139		(38		)	192						2,293						2,293
Other treasury shares purchased – not retired						(11,465		)				(11,465		)				(11,465		)
Changes in noncontrolling interests															(40		)	(40		)
Equity – September 30, 2011	$	47,558	$	100,266		$	(107,434	)	$	(8,099	)	$	22,291		$	87		$	22,378

(Dollars in millions)	Common Stock and Additional Paid–in Capital		Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)			Total IBM Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
Equity - January 1, 2010	$	41,810	$	80,900		$	(81,243	)	$	(18,830	)	$	22,637		$	118	$	22,755
Net income			9,576									9,576					9,576
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (total)									1, 352			1, 352					1,352
Cash dividends declared – common stock			(2,369		)							(2,369		)			(2,369		)
Stock transactions related to employee plans – net	2,518		(11		)	362						2,870					2,870
Other treasury shares purchased – not retired						(11,827		)				(11,827		)			(11,827		)
Changes in noncontrolling interests															2		2
Equity – September 30, 2010	$	44,328	$	88,095		$	(92,707	)	$	(17,479	)	$	22,238		$	121	$	22,359

27

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

The following table summarizes Net income plus other comprehensive income/(loss), a component of IBM stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010			2011			2010
Net income	$	3,839		$	3,589		$	10,365		$	9,576
Other comprehensive income/(loss) – net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,592		)	1,409			(668		)	327
Net change in retirement-related benefit plans	300			167			1,241			559
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on marketable securities	(9		)	56			(154		)	50
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedge derivatives	312			(599		)	225			416
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(989		)	1,032			645			1,352
Net income plus other comprehensive income/(loss)	$	2,850		$	4,621		$	11,010		$	10,927

10. Retirement-Related Benefits: The company offers defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans, as well as nonpension postretirement plans primarily consisting of retiree medical benefits.  The following tables provide the total retirement-related benefit plans’ impact on income before income taxes:

					Yr. to Yr.
					Percent
For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
(Dollars in millions)
Retirement-related plans – cost
Defined benefit and contribution pension plans – cost	$	357	$	246	45.2	%
Nonpension postretirement plans – cost	87		87		0.0
Total	$	444	$	333	33.3	%

					Yr. to Yr.
					Percent
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
(Dollars in millions)
Retirement-related plans –cost
Defined benefit and contribution pension plans –cost	$	1,159	$	801	44.7	%
Nonpension postretirement plans –cost	261		260		0.2
Total	$	1,419	$	1,061	33.8	%

28

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

The following tables provide the components of the cost/(income) for the company’s pension plans:

Cost/(Income) of Pension Plans

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	128		$	126
Interest cost	614			650			467			456
Expected return on plan assets	(1,011		)	(1,004		)	(641		)	(610		)
Amortization of prior service cost/(credits)	2			2			(41		)	(44		)
Recognized actuarial losses	205			118			240			178
Curtailments and settlements	—			—			0			0
Multi-employer plan/other costs	—			—			21			27
Total net periodic pension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans	(190		)	(234		)	173			132
Cost of defined contribution plans	218			216			156			132
Total defined benefit and contribution plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	28		$	(18	)	$	329		$	264

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	384		$	377
Interest cost	1,842			1,951			1,391			1,369
Expected return on plan assets	(3,032		)	(3,013		)	(1,904		)	(1,827		)
Amortization of prior service cost/(credits)	7			7			(121		)	(128		)
Recognized actuarial losses	614			353			727			527
Curtailments and settlements	—			—			1			27
Multi-employer plan/other costs	—			—			94			79
Total net periodic pension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans	(569		)	(702		)	572			422
Cost of defined contribution plans	698			693			458			387
Total defined benefit and contribution plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	129		$	(8	)	$	1,030		$	809

In 2011, the company expects to contribute to its non-U.S. defined benefit plans approximately $800 million, which is the legally mandated minimum contribution. Total net contributions to the non-U.S. plans in the first nine months of 2011 were $611 million.

The following tables provide the components of the cost for the company’s nonpension postretirement plans:

Cost of Nonpension Postretirement Plans

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plan					Non-U.S. Plans
For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	9	$	8		$	3		$	2
Interest cost	59		65			17			15
Expected return on plan assets	—		—			(3		)	(2		)
Amortization of prior service credits	—		(4		)	(1		)	(1		)
Recognized actuarial losses	—		—			4			3
Curtailments/settlements			1						—
Total nonpension postretirement plan cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	68	$	71		$	20		$	16

29

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plan					Non-U.S. Plans
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	25	$	25		$	8		$	7
Interest cost	177		196			51			44
Expected return on plan assets	—		—			(8		)	(7		)
Amortization of prior service credits	—		(11		)	(3		)	(4		)
Recognized actuarial losses			—			11			9
Curtailments/settlements	—		1			—			—
Total nonpension postretirement plan cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	202	$	211		$	59		$	49

The company received a $14.5 million subsidy in the third quarter of 2011 and a $32.5 million subsidy for the first nine months of 2011 in connection with the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. A portion of this amount is used by the company to reduce its obligation and expense related to the plan, and the remainder is contributed to the plan to reduce contributions required by the participants. For further information related to the Medicare Prescription Drug Act, see page 125 in the company’s 2010 Annual Report.

11. Acquisitions/Divestitures:

Acquisitions: During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, the company completed one acquisition: in April, the company acquired 100 percent of TRIRIGA, Inc. (TRIRIGA), a privately held company.  TRIRIGA is a provider of facility and real estate management software solutions, which help clients make strategic decisions regarding space usage, evaluate alternative real estate initiatives, generate higher returns from capital projects and assess environmental impact investments. The acquisition adds advanced real estate intelligence to the company’s smarter buildings initiative. TRIRIGA will be integrated into the Software and Global Business Services segments. Purchase price consideration for the acquisition is paid primarily in cash.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method, and accordingly, the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity were recorded at their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The acquisition did not have a material impact in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

On October 21, 2011, the company announced that it had completed the acquisition of Algorithmics, Inc. (Algorithmics). Algorithmics, a privately held company, is a risk analytics firm with operations in Toronto, Canada.  Algorithmics’ risk analytics software, content and advisory services are used by banking, investment and insurance businesses to help assess risk, address regulatory requirements and make more insightful business decisions. This acquisition expands the company’s business analytics capabilities in the financial services industry. At the date of issuance of the financial statements, the initial purchase accounting was not complete for this acquisition.

On October 4, 2011, the company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Q1 Labs, a privately held company based in Waltham, Massachusetts. Q1 Labs is a provider of security intelligence software and will accelerate the company’s efforts to help clients more intelligently secure their enterprises by applying analytics to correlate information from key security domains and creating security dashboards for their organizations. The acquisition is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2011.

On October 5, 2011, the company announced that it had completed the acquisition of i2, a privately held company based in Cambridge, United Kingdom, with its U.S. headquarters in McLean, Virginia. i2 expands the company’s big data analytics software for smarter cities by helping both public and private entities in government, law enforcement, retail, insurance and other industries access and analyze information they need to address crime, fraud and security threats.  At the date of issuance of the financial statements, the initial purchase accounting was not complete for the i2 acquisition.

On October 11, 2011, the company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Platform Computing, a privately held company headquartered in Toronto, Canada. Platform Computing is a global leader in cluster and grid management software for distributed computing environments. Platform Computing helps clients manage shared computing environments that are used in resource- intensive applications such as simulations and analytics. The acquisition is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2011.

30

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

Divestitures: During the second quarter of 2011, the company completed two divestitures related to subsidiaries of IBM Japan. The impact of these transactions was not material to the company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

On March 31, 2010, the company completed the sale of its activities associated with the sales and support of Dassault Systemes’ (Dassault) product lifecycle management (PLM) software, including customer contracts and related assets to Dassault. The company received net proceeds of $459 million and recognized a net gain of $591 million on the transaction in the first quarter of 2010. The gain was net of the fair value of certain contractual terms, certain transaction costs and the assets and liabilities sold. The gain was recorded in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and the net proceeds were reflected in proceeds from disposition of marketable securities and other investments within cash flow from investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

12. Intangible Assets Including Goodwill:  The following table details the company’s intangible asset balances by major asset class:

	At September 30, 2011
(Dollars in millions)	Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Carrying
Intangible asset class	Amount		Amortization			Amount
Capitalized software	$	1,498	$	(693	)	$	805
Client-related	1,612		(711		)	901
Completed technology	2,122		(943		)	1,179
In-process R&D	22		(1		)	21
Patents/trademarks	216		(97		)	119
Other(a)	31		(23		)	8
Total	$	5,500	$	(2,467	)	$	3,033

	At December 31, 2010
(Dollars in millions)	Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Carrying
Intangible asset class	Amount		Amortization			Amount
Capitalized software	$	1,558	$	(726	)	$	831
Client-related	1,709		(647		)	1,062
Completed technology	2,111		(688		)	1,422
In-process R&D	21		(0		)	21
Patents/trademarks	211		(71		)	140
Other(a)	39		(28		)	11
Total	$	5,649	$	(2,161	)	$	3,488

(a)   Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary business processes, methodologies and systems.

The net carrying amount of intangible assets decreased $455 million during the first nine months of 2011, primarily due to amortization.  The aggregate intangible amortization expense was $307 million and $926 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 respectively, versus $289 million and $859 million for the third quarter and first nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively.  In addition, in the first nine months of 2011, the company retired $620 million of fully amortized intangible assets, impacting both the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization by this amount.

The amortization expense for each of the five succeeding years relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position is estimated to be the following at September 30, 2011:

	Capitalized		Acquired
(Dollars in millions)	Software		Intangibles		Total
2011 (for Q4)	$	145	$	143	$	288
2012	424		557		981
2013	194		515		710
2014	42		374		415
2015	—		265		265

The changes in the goodwill balances by reportable segment, for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2010 are as follows:

31

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  – (continued)

											Foreign
											Currency
					Purchase						Translation
(Dollars in millions)	Balance		Goodwill		Price						And Other			Balance
Segment	01/01/11		Additions		Adjustments			Divestitures			Adjustments			9/30/11
Global Business Services	$	4,329	$	13	$	0		$	(10	)	$	3		$	4,336
Global Technology Services	2,704		—		(1		)	(2		)	(58		)	2,643
Software	16,963		64		(7		)	—			(221		)	16,800
Systems and Technology	1,139		—		(5		)	—			0			1,134
Total	$	25,136	$	77	$	(13	)	$	(11	)	$	(276	)	$	24,913

										Foreign
										Currency
					Purchase					Translation
(Dollars in millions)	Balance		Goodwill		Price					And Other			Balance
Segment	01/01/10		Additions		Adjustments			Divestitures		Adjustments			12/31/10
Global Business Services	$	4,042	$	252	$	0		$	—	$	35		$	4,329
Global Technology Services	2,777		32		(1		)	—		(104		)	2,704
Software	12,605		4,095		(52		)	—		315			16,963
Systems and Technology	766		375		(1		)	—		(1		)	1,139
Total	$	20,190	$	4,754	$	(54	)	$	—	$	245		$	25,136

Purchase price adjustments recorded in the first nine months of 2011 and full year 2010 were related to acquisitions that were completed on or prior to December 31, 2010 or December 31, 2009, respectively, and were still subject to the measurement period that ends at the earlier of 12 months from the acquisition date or when information becomes available. There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded during the first nine months of 2011 or the full year of 2010 and the company has no accumulated impairment losses.

13. Restructuring-Related Liabilities: The following table provides a roll forward of the current and noncurrent liability balances for actions taken in the following periods: (1) the second quarter of 2005 associated with Global Services, primarily in Europe; (2) the fourth quarter of 2002 associated with the acquisition of the PricewaterhouseCoopers consulting business; (3) the second quarter of 2002 associated with the Microelectronics Division and the rebalancing of the company’s workforce and leased space resources; (4) the 2002 actions associated with the hard disk drive (HDD) business for reductions in workforce, manufacturing capacity and space; (5) the actions taken in 1999; and (6) the actions that were executed prior to 1994.

	Liability								Liability
	as of					Other			as of
(Dollars in millions)	01/01/2011		Payments			Adjustments*			9/30/2011
Current:
Workforce	$	45	$	(36	)	$	4		$	14
Space	8		(6		)	3			5
Total Current	$	53	$	(41	)	$	7		$	19
Noncurrent:
Workforce	$	395	$	—		$	14		$	409
Space	4		—			(2		)	2
Total Noncurrent	$	399	$	—		$	12		$	411

*   Principally includes the reclassification of noncurrent to current, foreign currency translation adjustments and interest accretion.

14. Contingencies: As a company with a substantial employee population and with clients in more than 170 countries, IBM is involved, either as plaintiff or defendant, in a variety of ongoing claims, demands, suits, investigations, tax matters and proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business. The company is a leader in the information technology industry and, as such, has been and will continue to be subject to claims challenging its IP rights and associated products and offerings, including claims of copyright and patent infringement and violations of trade secrets and other IP rights. In addition, the company enforces its own IP against infringement, through license negotiations, lawsuits or otherwise. Also, as is typical for companies of IBM’s scope and scale, the company is party to actions and proceedings in various jurisdictions involving a wide range of labor and employment issues (including matters related to contested employment decisions, country-specific labor and employment laws, and the company’s pension, retirement and other benefit plans), as

32

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

well as actions with respect to contracts, product liability, securities, foreign operations, competition law and environmental matters. These actions may be commenced by a number of different parties, including competitors, partners, clients, current or former employees, government and regulatory agencies, stockholders and representatives of the locations in which the company does business. Some of the actions to which the company is party may involve particularly complex technical issues, and some actions may raise novel questions under the laws of the various jurisdictions in which these matters arise.

The company records a provision with respect to a claim, suit, investigation or proceeding when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Any recorded liabilities, including any changes to such liabilities for the quarter ended September 30, 2011, were not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In accordance with the relevant accounting guidance, the company provides disclosures of matters for which the likelihood of material loss is at least reasonably possible. In addition, the company also discloses matters based on its consideration of other matters and qualitative factors, including the experience of other companies in the industry, and investor, customer and employee relations considerations.

With respect to certain of the claims, suits, investigations and proceedings discussed herein, the company believes at this time that the likelihood of any material loss is remote, given, for example, the procedural status, court rulings, and/or the strength of the company’s defenses in those matters. With respect to the remaining claims, suits, investigations and proceedings discussed in this Note, the company is unable to provide estimates of reasonably possible losses or range of losses, including losses in excess of amounts accrued, if any, for the following reasons. Claims, suits, investigations and proceedings are inherently uncertain, and it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these matters. It is the company’s experience that damage amounts claimed in litigation against it are unreliable and unrelated to possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of the company’s potential liability. Further, the company is unable to provide such an estimate due to a number of other factors with respect to these claims, suits, investigations and proceedings, including considerations of the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matters. The company reviews claims, suits, investigations and proceedings at least quarterly, and decisions are made with respect to recording or adjusting provisions and disclosing reasonably possible losses or range of losses (individually or in the aggregate), to reflect the impact and status of settlement discussions, discovery, procedural and substantive rulings, reviews by counsel and other information pertinent to a particular matter.

Whether any losses, damages or remedies finally determined in any claim, suit, investigation or proceeding could reasonably have a material effect on the company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows will depend on a number of variables, including: the timing and amount of such losses or damages; the structure and type of any such remedies; the significance of the impact any such losses, damages or remedies may have in the Consolidated Financial Statements; and the unique facts and circumstances of the particular matter that may give rise to additional factors. While the company will continue to defend itself vigorously, it is possible that the company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be affected in any particular period by the resolution of one or more of these matters.

The following is a summary of the more significant legal matters involving the company.

The company is a defendant in an action filed on March 6, 2003 in state court in Salt Lake City, Utah by the SCO Group (SCO v. IBM). The company removed the case to Federal Court in Utah. Plaintiff is an alleged successor in interest to some of AT&T’s UNIX IP rights, and alleges copyright infringement, unfair competition, interference with contract and breach of contract with regard to the company’s distribution of AIX and Dynix and contribution of code to Linux. The company has asserted counterclaims, including breach of contract, violation of the Lanham Act, unfair competition, intentional torts, unfair and deceptive trade practices, breach of the General Public License that governs open source distributions, promissory estoppel and copyright infringement. Motions for summary judgment were heard in March 2007, and the court has not yet issued its decision. On September 14, 2007, plaintiff filed for bankruptcy protection, and all proceedings in this case were stayed. On August 25, 2009, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware approved the appointment of a Chapter 11 Trustee of SCO. The court in another suit, the SCO Group, Inc. v. Novell, Inc., held a trial in March 2010. The jury found that Novell is the owner of UNIX and UnixWare copyrights; the judge subsequently ruled that SCO is obligated to recognize Novell’s waiver of SCO’s claims against IBM and Sequent for breach of UNIX license agreements. On August 30, 2011, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the district court’s ruling and denied SCO’s appeal of this matter.

33

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

Complaints against IBM were filed with the European Commission (EC) by Platform Solutions, Inc. in 2007, T3 Technologies, Inc. in 2009 and TurboHercules SAS in 2010.  Each complaint alleged that IBM violated European Competition law, primarily by refusing to license its patents and trade secrets to the complainants and by refusing to license its software for use on computer systems made and/or sold by complainants.  Each complaint has been withdrawn, and in September 2011, the EC closed these investigations. IBM has been notified that the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) is investigating possible antitrust violations by IBM based on the company’s refusal to license certain patents and trade secrets and its refusal to license its software for use on systems that IBM believes infringe its intellectual property rights.

The company was a defendant in an action filed on December 14, 2009 in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas by Neon Enterprise Software, LLC (Neon), alleging that the company interfered with Neon’s efforts to license its zPrime software. It sought damages and injunctive relief.  In late January 2010, IBM filed its answer to Neon’s complaint and asserted counterclaims against Neon.  In 2010, Neon filed a complaint against IBM with the EC, based on the same allegations made in Neon’s lawsuit against IBM.  In late May 2011, the parties entered into a settlement agreement in connection with the lawsuit pursuant to which each party’s claims against the other have been dismissed with prejudice and no payments will be made by IBM; in addition, Neon has been permanently enjoined from distributing zPrime or a functionally similar product. Neon has also withdrawn the complaint it filed with the EC, and in September 2011, the EC closed its investigation.

The company is a defendant in an action filed on April 2, 2009 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas by ACQIS LLC (Acqis), which alleges that certain IBM products infringe certain patents relating generally to modular computing devices. Acqis seeks damages and injunctive relief. The trial took place in February 2011, and in late February, the jury found in favor of Acqis and awarded damages in the amount of $9 million. Both parties have submitted post-trial motions, and the deadline for appeal is 30 days after the court’s ruling on all such motions.

The company was a defendant in an action filed on February 5, 2010 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia by TecSec, Inc., which alleged that certain IBM products infringe certain patents relating generally to encryption. TecSec sought damages and injunctive relief. The case was set for trial in March 2011. In late February 2011, the court granted IBM’s motion for summary judgment of non-infringement, and final judgment has been entered in favor of IBM.  The case is pending on appeal.

The company was named as a co-defendant in numerous purported class actions filed on and after March 18, 2011 in federal and state courts in California in connection with an information technology outsourcing agreement between Health Net, Inc. and IBM.  The matters were consolidated in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California, and plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint on July 15, 2011.  The consolidated complaint alleges that the company violated the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act in connection with hard drives that are unaccounted for at one of Health Net’s data centers in California; plaintiffs have been notified by Health Net that certain of their personal information is believed to be contained on those hard drives. Plaintiffs seek damages, as well as injunctive and declaratory relief. IBM has also received a request for information regarding this matter from the California Attorney General.

IBM United Kingdom Limited (IBM UK) initiated legal proceedings in May 2010 before the High Court in London against the IBM UK Pensions Trust (the UK Trust) and two representative beneficiaries of the UK Trust membership. IBM UK is seeking a declaration that it acted lawfully both in notifying the Trustee of the UK Trust that it was closing its UK defined benefit plans to future accruals for most participants and in implementing the company’s new retirement policy.  The trial in the High Court will not begin before May 2012. In addition, IBM UK is a defendant in approximately 275 individual actions brought since early 2010 by participants of the defined benefits plans who left IBM UK. These actions, which allege constructive dismissal and age discrimination, are pending before the Employment Tribunal in Southampton UK and are currently stayed pending resolution of the above-referenced High Court proceedings. In a separate but related proceeding, in March 2011, the Trustee of the IBM UK Trust was granted leave to initiate a claim before the High Court in London against IBM UK and one representative beneficiary of the UK Trust membership, seeking an order modifying certain documents and terms relating to retirement provisions in IBM UK’s largest defined benefit plan dating back to 1983. The High Court is expected to address this claim at the same time it considers the above-referenced claims in the proceedings initiated in May 2010.

In March 2011, the company announced that it has agreed to settle a civil enforcement action with the SEC relating to activities by employees of IBM Korea, LG IBM, IBM (China) Investment Company Limited and IBM Global Services (China) Co., Ltd., during the period from 1998 through 2009, allegedly in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of

34

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

1977. As part of the settlement, IBM has consented to the entry of a judgment relating to the books and records and internal control provisions of the securities laws. IBM has also agreed to pay a total of $10 million, categorized by the SEC as follows: (i) $5.3 million, representing profits gained as a result of the conduct alleged in the SEC’s complaint, (ii) prejudgment interest on that amount of $2.7 million, and (iii) a civil penalty of $2 million. The settlement is subject to court approval.

The company is a defendant in numerous actions filed after January 1, 2008 in the Supreme Court for the State of New York, county of Broome, on behalf of hundreds of plaintiffs. The complaints allege numerous and different causes of action, including for negligence and recklessness, private nuisance and trespass. Plaintiffs in these cases seek medical monitoring and claim damages in unspecified amounts for a variety of personal injuries and property damages allegedly arising out of the presence of groundwater contamination and vapor intrusion of groundwater contaminants into certain structures in which plaintiffs reside or resided, or conducted business, allegedly resulting from the release of chemicals into the environment by the company at its former manufacturing and development facility in Endicott. These complaints also seek punitive damages in an unspecified amount. The first trial in these cases is scheduled to begin in October 2012.

The company is party to, or otherwise involved in, proceedings brought by U.S. federal or state environmental agencies under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), known as “Superfund,” or laws similar to CERCLA. Such statutes require potentially responsible parties to participate in remediation activities regardless of fault or ownership of sites. The company is also conducting environmental investigations, assessments or remediations at or in the vicinity of several current or former operating sites globally pursuant to permits, administrative orders or agreements with country, state or local environmental agencies, and is involved in lawsuits and claims concerning certain current or former operating sites.

The company is also subject to ongoing tax examinations and governmental assessments in various jurisdictions. Along with many other U.S. companies doing business in Brazil, the company is involved in various challenges with Brazilian authorities regarding non-income tax assessments and non-income tax litigation matters. These matters include claims for taxes on the importation of computer software. In November 2008, the company won a significant case in the Superior Chamber of the federal administrative tax court in Brazil, and in late July 2009, the company received written confirmation regarding this decision. The total potential amount related to the remaining matters for all applicable years is approximately $600 million. The company believes it will prevail on these matters and that this amount is not a meaningful indicator of liability.

15. Commitments: The company’s extended lines of credit to third-party entities include unused amounts of $3,815 million and $3,415 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. A portion of these amounts was available to the company’s business partners to support their working capital needs. In addition, the company has committed to provide future financing to its clients in connection with client purchase agreements for approximately $2,767 million and $2,825 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

The company has applied the guidance requiring a guarantor to disclose certain types of guarantees, even if the likelihood of requiring the guarantor’s performance is remote. The following is a description of arrangements in which the company is the guarantor.

The company is a party to a variety of agreements pursuant to which it may be obligated to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Typically, these obligations arise in the context of contracts entered into by the company, under which the company customarily agrees to hold the party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations and covenants related to such matters as title to the assets sold, certain intellectual property (IP) rights, specified environmental matters, third-party performance of non-financial contractual obligations and certain income taxes. In each of these circumstances, payment by the company is conditioned on the other party making a claim pursuant to the procedures specified in the particular contract, which procedures typically allow the company to challenge the other party’s claims. While typically indemnification provisions do not include a contractual maximum on the company’s payment, the company’s obligations under these agreements may be limited in terms of time and/or nature of claim, and in some instances, the company may have recourse against third parties for certain payments made by the company.

It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements, due to the conditional nature of the company’s obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the company under these agreements have not had a material effect on the company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

35

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

In addition, the company guarantees certain loans and financial commitments. The maximum potential future payment under these financial guarantees was $52 million and $48 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The fair value of the guarantees recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position was not material.

Changes in the company’s warranty liability for standard warranties and deferred income for extended warranty contracts  are presented in the following tables:

Standard Warranty Liability

(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010
Balance at January 1	$	375		$	316
Current period accruals	309			284
Accrual adjustments to reflect actual experience	15			31
Charges incurred	(318		)	(326		)
Balance at September 30	$	382		$	305

Extended Warranty Liability

(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010
Aggregate deferred revenue at January 1	$	670		$		665
Revenue deferred for new extended warranty contracts	225			217
Amortization of deferred revenue	(256		)	(221			)
Other*	(18		)	(29			)
Aggregate deferred revenue at September 30	$	621		$		632
Current portion	$	305		$		303
Noncurrent portion	316			329
Aggregate deferred revenue at September 30	$	621		$	632

* Other primarily consists of foreign currency translation adjustments.

16. Subsequent Events: On October 25, 2011, the company announced that the Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.75 per common share. The dividend is payable December 10, 2011 to stockholders of record on November 10, 2011.

On October 25, 2011, the company announced that the Board of Directors authorized $7 billion in additional funds for use in the company’s common stock repurchase program.

36

Item 2.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2011

Snapshot

Financial Results Summary:

							Yr. to Yr.
							Percent/
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)							Margin
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010			Change
Revenue	$	26,157		$	24,271		7.8	%*
Gross profit margin	46.5		%	45.3		%	1.2	pts.
Total expense and other income	$	7,146		$	6,324		13.0	%
Total expense and other income to revenue ratio	27.3		%	26.1		%	1.3	pts.
Provision for income taxes	$	1,188		$	1,088		9.2	%
Net income	$	3,839		$	3,589		7.0	%
Net income margin	14.7		%	14.8		%	(0.1	)pts.
Earnings per share:
Assuming dilution	$	3.19		$	2.82		13.1	%
Basic	$	3.23		$	2.86		12.9	%
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Assuming dilution	1,204.9			1,272.8			(5.3	)%
Basic	1,188.6			1,255.2			(5.3	)%

* 2.7 percent adjusted for currency

Currency:

The references to “adjusted for currency” or “at constant currency” in the Management Discussion do not include operational impacts that could result from fluctuations in foreign currency rates. Certain financial results are adjusted based on a simple mathematical model that translates current period results in local currency using the comparable prior year period’s currency conversion rate. This approach is used for countries where the functional currency is the local country currency. This information is provided so that certain financial results can be viewed without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency rates, thereby facilitating period-to-period comparisons of business performance. See Currency Rate Fluctuations on page 65 for additional information.

Operating (non-GAAP) Earnings:

In an effort to provide better transparency into the operational results of the business, the company separated business results into operating and non-operating categories beginning January 1, 2011. Operating earnings is a non-GAAP measure that excludes the effects of certain acquisition-related charges and retirement-related costs, and their related tax impacts. For acquisitions, operating earnings exclude the amortization of purchased intangible assets and acquisition-related charges such as in-process research and development, transaction costs, applicable restructuring and related expenses and tax charges related to acquisition integration. For retirement-related costs, the company has characterized certain items as operating and others as non-operating. The company includes defined benefit plan and nonpension postretirement benefit plan service cost, amortization of prior service cost and the cost of defined contribution plans in operating earnings. Non-operating retirement-related cost includes defined benefit plan and non-pension postretirement benefit plan interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortized actuarial gains/losses, the impacts of any plan curtailments/settlements and multi-employer plan costs, pension insolvency costs and other costs. Non-operating costs are primarily related to changes in pension plan assets and liabilities which are tied to financial market performance and the company considers these costs to be outside the operational performance of the business.

Overall, the company believes that providing investors with a view of operating earnings as described above provides increased transparency and clarity into both the operational results of the business and the performance of the company’s pension plans; improves visibility to management decisions and their impacts on operational performance; enables better comparison to peer companies; and allows the company to provide a long-term strategic view of the business going forward.

37

For its 2015 earnings per share road map, the company is utilizing an operating view to establish its objectives and track its progress. Effective January 1, 2011, the company’s segment financial results and performance reflect operating earnings, consistent with the company’s management and measurement system.

The following tables provide the company’s non-GAAP operating earnings for the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 and 2010.

							Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)							Percent/
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010			Change
Net income as reported	$	3,839		$	3,589		7.0	%
Adjustments (net of tax):
Acquisition-related charges	133			105			26.1
Non-operating retirement-related costs/(income)	(17		)	(66		)	(73.6	)
Operating (non-GAAP) earnings*	$	3,954		$	3,628		9.0	%
Diluted operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share:	$	3.28		$	2.85		15.1	%

* See pages 73 and 74 for a more detailed reconciliation of net income to operating earnings.

							Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)							Percent/
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010			Change
Net income as reported	$	10,365		$	9,576		8.2	%
Adjustments (net of tax):
Acquisition-related charges	376			272			38.3
Non-operating retirement-related costs/(income)	(20		)	(179		)	(88.6	)
Operating (non-GAAP) earnings*	$	10,721		$	9,669		10.9	%
Diluted operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share:	$	8.77		$	7.45		17.7	%

* See pages 73 and 74 for a more detailed reconciliation of net income to operating earnings.

Financial Performance Summary:

In the third quarter of 2011, the company delivered solid financial results highlighted by revenue growth of 7.8 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency), gross margin expansion and double-digit diluted earnings per share growth of 13.1 percent as reported and 15.1 percent on an operating (non-GAAP) basis. The company generated $4.7 billion in cash from operations in the quarter enabling significant shareholder returns of over $4 billion in common stock repurchases and dividends in the period. As a result of its performance, in October 2011, the company increased its full year 2011 earnings per share expectation from the expectation disclosed in July 2011.

The company’s performance in the third quarter was driven by several factors. Software delivered a strong quarter with pre-tax income growth of 12.0 percent driven by revenue growth of 12.9 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency) highlighted by key branded middleware which increased 16.9 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency). Systems and Technology delivered pre-tax income growth of 7.8 percent, driven by Power Systems which grew revenue 14.7 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency) and improved its gross margin. Global Services delivered strong profit growth with pre-tax income increasing 12.6 percent year-to-year. Total Global Services revenue increased 7.7 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) with performance driven by strength in the growth markets which increased 19.7 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency).

In the third quarter, the company’s growth markets also had excellent performance with total revenue increasing 19.3 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency). Overall, in the third quarter, the company had 40 countries within the growth markets which increased revenue at a double-digit rate, adjusted for currency, compared to the prior year.  In addition, this growth was broad-based from a segment perspective with constant currency growth of 17 percent in Software, 12 percent in Systems and Technology and 12 percent in Global Services. The growth markets represented 23 percent of total geographic revenue in the third quarter. The company’s third-quarter performance reflects the execution of its innovation-based strategy and the strength of the business model. The investments in key growth initiatives are yielding good results and drove the revenue performance this quarter.

The consolidated gross profit margin increased 1.2 points versus the third quarter of 2010 to 46.5 percent. The operating (non-GAAP) gross margin increased 1.5 points to 46.8 percent. The improvement was broad-based led by System and

38

Technology which improved 3.4 points and drove 0.6 points of the total increase in the operating (non-GAAP) gross margin.

Total expense and other income increased 13.0 percent in the third quarter compared to the prior year. Total operating (non-GAAP) expense and other income increased 12.3 percent compared to the third quarter of 2010. The year-to-year drivers for both categories were approximately:

·	Currency*	7 points
·	Acquisitions**	3 points
·	Base expense	2 points

*    Reflects impacts of translation and hedging programs.

** Includes acquisitions completed in prior 12-month period.

Pre-tax income grew 7.5 percent and the pre-tax margin was 19.2 percent, a decrease of 0.1 points versus the third quarter of 2010. Net income increased 7.0 percent and the net income margin of 14.7 percent declined 0.1 points year to year. The effective tax rate for the third quarter was 23.6 percent, compared with 23.3 percent in the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income grew 9.9 percent and the pre-tax margin was 19.8 percent, an increase of 0.4 points versus the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) net income increased 9.0 percent and the operating (non-GAAP) net income margin of 15.1 percent increased 0.2 points versus the prior year. The operating (non-GAAP) effective tax rate was 23.6 percent versus 23.0 percent in the third quarter of 2010.

Diluted earnings per share improved 13.1 percent reflecting the growth in net income and the benefits of the common stock repurchase program. In the third quarter, the company repurchased 20 million shares of its common stock. Diluted earnings per share of $3.19 increased $0.37 from the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) diluted earnings per share of $3.28 increased $0.43 versus the third quarter of 2010 driven by the following factors:

·	Revenue increase at actual rates:	$0.22
·	Margin expansion:	$0.03
·	Common stock repurchases:	$0.18

Gross margin expansion drove $0.23 of operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share growth, partially offset by a $0.17 per share impact from expense and a $0.03 per share impact from a higher tax rate. Overall, margin expansion contributed $0.03 of improvement.

The company generated $4,678 million in cash flow provided by operating activities, an increase of $128 million compared to the third quarter of 2010, primarily driven by higher net income. Net cash used in investing activities of $805 million decreased $975 million, primarily due to less cash used for acquisitions ($1,920 million), partially offset by a net reduction of $1,128 million from purchases and sales of marketable securities and other investments in 2011 versus 2010. Net cash used in financing activities of $3,669 million increased $213 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to a net increase in cash used for common stock transactions ($111 million).

39

Financial Results Summary:

							Yr. to Yr.
							Percent/
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)							Margin
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010			Change
Revenue	$	77,430		$	70,852		9.3	%*
Gross profit margin	45.7		%	44.9		%	0.9	pts.
Total expense and other income	$	21,687		$	19,019		14.0	%
Total expense and other income to revenue ratio	28.0		%	26.8		%	1.2	pts.
Provision for income taxes	$	3,364		$	3,192		5.4	%
Net income	$	10,365		$	9,576		8.2	%
Net income margin	13.4		%	13.5		%	(0.1	)pts.
Earnings per share:
Assuming dilution	$	8.48		$	7.38		14.9	%
Basic	$	8.60		$	7.49		14.8	%
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Assuming dilution	1,222.1			1,297.0			(5.8	)%
Basic	1,205.2			1,278.3			(5.7	)%

	9/30/11		12/31/10
Assets	$	110,158	$	113,452	(2.9	)%
Liabilities	$	87,781	$	90,279	(2.8	)%
Equity	$	22,378	$	23,172	(3.4	)%

*4.3 percent adjusted for currency

Financial Performance Summary:

In the first nine months of 2011, the company delivered diluted earnings per share growth of 14.9 percent as reported and 17.7 percent on an operating (non-GAAP) basis compared to the first nine months of 2010.  The company generated $12.7 billion in cash from operations in the first nine months, returning $14.1 billion to shareholders in the period in common stock repurchases and dividends.

Total revenue increased 9.3 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency) compared to the first nine months of 2010. Systems and Technology revenue increased 12.7 percent (9 percent adjusted for currency), Software 12.0 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency), Global Technology Services 8.5 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) and Global Business Services 7.0 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency). Global Financing revenue declined 3.4 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency). Revenue performance in the company’s key growth initiatives was strong. Growth markets revenue increased 19.9 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency) driven by the BRIC countries which increased 22.7 percent (18 percent adjusted for currency). In the first nine months, the growth markets contributed over half of the geographic revenue growth adjusted for currency and represented 22 percent of total geographic revenue. Business analytics revenue increased 19 percent in the first nine months of 2011 reflecting a strong portfolio of integrated software and consulting capabilities. Revenue from cloud computing offerings has already doubled versus the full year 2010 results, as the company extends its offerings in this market. Smarter Planet revenue growth in the first nine months was approximately 50 percent higher than the prior year, with growth driven by solutions in the telecommunication and retail industries.

The consolidated gross margin increased 0.9 points versus the first nine months of 2010 to 45.7 percent. The operating (non-GAAP) gross margin increased 1.2 points to 46.1 percent compared to the prior year. The improvement in gross margin in the first nine months was primarily driven by Systems and Technology and Software.

Total expense and other income increased 14.0 percent in the first nine months versus the prior year. Total operating (non-GAAP) expense and other income increased 13.3 percent compared to the prior year. The year-to-year drivers for both categories were approximately:

40

·Currency*                  6  points

·Acquisitions**           4  points

·Base expense             4  points

*    Reflects impacts of translation and hedging programs.

** Includes acquisitions completed in prior 12-month period.

Pre-tax income grew 7.5 percent and the pre-tax margin was 17.7 percent, a decrease of 0.3 points versus the first nine months of 2010. Net income increased 8.2 percent and the net income margin declined 0.1 points to 13.4 percent. The effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2011 was 24.5 percent, compared with 25.0 percent in the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income grew 10.5 percent and the operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax margin was 18.3 percent, an increase of 0.2 points versus the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) net income increased 10.9 percent and the operating (non-GAAP) net income margin of 13.8 percent increased 0.2 points versus the prior year. The operating (non-GAAP) effective tax rate was 24.5 percent versus 24.8 percent in the first nine months of 2010.

Diluted earnings per share improved 14.9 percent reflecting the growth in net income and the benefits of the common stock repurchase program. In the first nine months, the company repurchased 69.3 million shares of its common stock. Diluted earnings per share of $8.48 increased $1.10 from the prior year. Operating (non-GAAP) diluted earnings per share of $8.77 increased $1.32 versus the first nine months of 2010 driven by the following factors:

·Revenue increase at actual rates:                     $0.69

·Margin expansion:                                           $0.12

·Common stock repurchases:                            $0.51

At September 30, 2011, the company’s balance sheet and liquidity positions remain strong and are well positioned to support the company’s objectives. Cash at quarter end was $11,303 million. Key drivers in the balance sheet and total cash flows are highlighted below.

Total assets decreased $3,294 million ($2,212 million adjusted for currency) from December 31, 2010 driven by:

·Decreases in total receivables ($3,956 million), deferred taxes ($968 million), short-term marketable securities ($990 million) and intangible assets ($455 million), partially offset by

·Increased prepaid pension assets ($2,063 million) and cash and cash equivalents ($643 million).

Total liabilities decreased $2,499 million ($2,526 million adjusted for currency) from December 31, 2010 driven by:

·Decreases in taxes ($1,856 million), accounts payable ($711 million), retirement and nonpension postretirement benefit obligations ($603 million), deferred income ($360 million) and compensation and benefits ($203 million), partially offset by

·Increased total debt ($1,536 million).

Total equity of $22,378 million decreased $795 million from December 31, 2010 as a result of:

·Increased treasury stock ($11,273 million) driven by share repurchases, partially offset by

·Higher retained earnings ($7,734 million), common stock ($2,139 million) and foreign currency translation adjustments ($668 million).

The company generated $12,750 million in cash flow provided by operating activities, essentially flat when compared to the first nine months of 2010, primarily driven by a decrease in cash provided by operating assets and liabilities ($1,266 million), partially offset by an increase in net income ($790 million). Net cash used in investing activities of $891 million was $3,534 million lower than the first nine months of 2010, primarily due to less cash used for acquisitions ($2,770 million), partially offset by a net benefit of $518 million from purchases and sales of marketable securities and other investments in 2011 versus 2010. Net cash used in financing activities of $10,886 million was $316 million higher, compared to the first nine months of 2010, primarily due to higher cash used by common stock transactions ($287 million) and increased dividend payments ($224 million), partially offset by an increased net benefit associated with debt ($195 million).

The estimated Global Services backlog at September 30, 2011 was $137 billion, an increase of $2.4 billion ($2.3 billion adjusted for currency) versus the prior year.

41

In October 2011, the company again increased its expectation for GAAP earnings per diluted share to at least $12.95 and its expectation for operating (non-GAAP) earnings per diluted share to at least $13.35 for the full year. This represents an increase of $0.08 per share in GAAP earnings and an increase of $0.10 per share in operating (non-GAAP) earnings from the company’s expectations in July 2011. In addition, the company’s current expectations represent an increase of $0.39 per share in GAAP earnings and an increase of $0.35 per share in operating (non-GAAP) earnings from the company’s expectations in January 2011.

Third Quarter and First Nine Months in Review

Results of Operations

Segment Details

The following is an analysis of the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 versus the third quarter and first nine months of 2010 reportable segment external revenue and gross margin results. Segment pre-tax income includes transactions between the segments that are intended to reflect an arms-length transfer price and excludes certain unallocated corporate items.

(Dollars in millions) For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010*			Yr. to Yr. Percent/Margin Change		Yr. to Yr. Percent Change Adjusted for Currency
Revenue:
Global Technology Services	$	10,322		$	9,496		8.7	%	2.6	%
Gross margin	35.7		%	35.1		%	0.6	pts.
Global Business Services	4,832			4,572			5.7	%	0.2	%
Gross margin	29.4		%	28.6		%	0.8	pts.
Software	5,817			5,151			12.9	%	8.1	%
Gross margin	88.1		%	87.9		%	0.2	pts.
Systems and Technology	4,482			4,325			3.6	%	0.8	%
Gross margin	39.8		%	36.4		%	3.4	pts.
Global Financing	520			529			(1.7	)%	(6.1	)%
Gross margin	47.4		%	53.3		%	(5.9	)pts.
Other	182			199			(8.3	)%	(11.8	)%
Gross margin	(48.3		)%	(10.8		)%	(37.5	)pts.
Total consolidated revenue	$	26,157		$	24,271		7.8	%	2.7	%
Total consolidated gross profit	$	12,173		$	11,001		10.6	%
Total consolidated gross margin	46.5		%	45.3		%	1.2	pts.
Non-operating adjustments:
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	87			65			34.8	%
Acquisition-related charges	0			—			nm
Retirement-related (costs)/income	(7		)	(53		)	(86.4	)
Operating (non-GAAP) gross profit	$	12,253		$	11,013		11.3	%
Operating (non-GAAP) gross margin	46.8		%	45.4		%	1.5	pts.

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

nm - not meaningful

42

(Dollars in millions) For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010*			Yr. to Yr. Percent/Margin Change		Yr. to Yr. Percent Change Adjusted for Currency
Revenue:
Global Technology Services	$	30,427		$	28,036		8.5	%	2.7	%
Gross margin	34.5		%	34.5		%	(0.0	)pts.
Global Business Services	14,407			13,465			7.0	%	1.4	%
Gross margin	28.6		%	28.0		%	0.6	pts.
Software	17,295			15,447			12.0	%	7.7	%
Gross margin	87.9		%	87.2		%	0.7	pts.
Systems and Technology	13,182			11,696			12.7	%	9.1	%
Gross margin	39.5		%	35.2		%	4.3	pts.
Global Financing	1,555			1,610			(3.4	)%	(7.7	)%
Gross margin	49.9		%	51.1		%	(1.2	)pts.
Other	563			599			(5.9	)%	(9.1	)%
Gross margin	(66.7		)%	(13.3		)%	(53.4	)pts.
Total consolidated revenue	$	77,430		$	70,852		9.3	%	4.3	%
Total consolidated gross profit	$	35,416		$	31,787		11.4	%
Total consolidated gross margin	45.7		%	44.9		%	0.9	pts.
Non-operating adjustments:
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	259			178			45.6	%
Acquisition-related charges	1			—			nm
Retirement-related (costs)/income	12			(144		)	nm
Operating (non-GAAP) gross profit	$	35,687		$	31,820		12.2	%
Operating (non-GAAP) gross margin	46.1		%	44.9		%	1.2	pts.

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

nm - not meaningful

The following table presents each reportable segment’s external revenue as a percentage of total segment external  revenue.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2011		2010		2011		2010
Global Technology Services	39.7	%	39.4	%	39.6	%	39.9	%
Global Business Services	18.6		19.0		18.7		19.2
Total Global Services	58.3		58.4		58.3		59.1
Software	22.4		21.4		22.5		22.0
Systems and Technology	17.3		18.0		17.1		16.6
Global Financing	2.0		2.2		2.0		2.3
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%

The following table presents each reportable segment’s pre-tax income as a percentage of total segment pre-tax income.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2011		2010*		2011		2010*
Global Technology Services	30.9	%	30.3	%	28.8	%	28.6	%
Global Business Services	14.1		13.8		14.3		13.4
Total Global Services	45.0		44.2		43.1		42.0
Software	40.4		39.8		41.4		45.6
Systems and Technology	5.8		5.9		5.6		2.1
Global Financing	8.8		10.1		9.9		10.3
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

43

The workforce rebalancing charges recorded in the first quarter of 2010 and 2011 and the first quarter 2010 Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) transaction gain impacted the year-to-year results of the company’s reportable segments for the first nine months of 2011 compared to the first nine months of 2010. Workforce rebalancing charges were incurred in every segment in the first quarter of both years. The PLM transaction gain ($591 million) was recorded in Software in the first quarter of 2010. In the segment analysis below and in the Global Financing analysis on pages 67 and 68, each segment’s pre-tax income and pre-tax margin for the first nine months of 2011 and first nine months of 2010 is presented on an as-reported basis and on a basis normalized for these actions in both years to provide a better perspective of the underlying operational performance of the segments.

Global Services

The Global Services segments, Global Technology Services (GTS) and Global Business Services (GBS) delivered  $15,154 million of revenue in the third quarter, an increase of 7.7 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) year to year. Adjusted for currency, the third-quarter revenue growth rate was consistent with the growth rate in the second quarter of 2011. Performance in the quarter was driven by strength in the growth markets with revenue up 19.7 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency) and expanding margins. Total outsourcing revenue of $7,142 million increased 9.3 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) and total transactional revenue of $6,119 million increased 6.7 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency) year over year. In the first nine months of 2011, total Global Services revenue was $44,834 million, an increase of 8.0 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) compared to the prior year. Total outsourcing revenue of $21,090 million increased 9.3 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) and total transactional revenue of $18,102 million increased 7.4 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) year to year in the first nine months of 2011.

(Dollars in millions) For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010*		Yr. to Yr. Percent Change		Yr. to Yr. Percent Change Adjusted for Currency
Global Services external revenue:	$	15,154	$	14,067	7.7	%	1.8	%
Global Technology Services	$	10,322	$	9,496	8.7	%	2.6	%
Outsourcing	6,029		5,536		8.9		2.6
Integrated Technology Services	2,400		2,162		11.0		5.1
Maintenance	1,894		1,803		5.0		(0.8	)
Global Business Services	$	4,832	$	4,572	5.7	%	0.2	%
Outsourcing	1,113		999		11.4		5.3
Consulting and Systems Integration	3,719		3,572		4.1		(1.2	)

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation of Outsourcing and Consulting and Systems Integration revenue within GBS.

(Dollars in millions) For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010*		Yr. to Yr. Percent Change		Yr. to Yr. Percent Change Adjusted For Currency
Global Services external revenue:	$	44,834	$	41,501	8.0	%	2.3	%
Global Technology Services	$	30,427	$	28,036	8.5	%	2.7	%
Outsourcing	17,822		16,353		9.0		3.0
Integrated Technology Services	6,963		6,333		9.9		4.1
Maintenance	5,642		5,354		5.4		0.2
Global Business Services	$	14,407	$	13,465	7.0	%	1.4	%
Outsourcing	3,269		2,937		11.3		5.1
Consulting and Systems Integration	11,139		10,528		5.8		0.3

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation of Outsourcing and Consulting and Systems Integration revenue within GBS.

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Global Technology Services revenue increased 8.7 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) to $10,322 million and 8.5 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) to $30,427 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011, respectively, versus the same periods in 2010. GTS Outsourcing revenue increased 8.9 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and increased 9.0 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011, respectively, and gained share in the third quarter. Outsourcing revenue growth was led by performance in the growth markets which increased 10 percent year to year in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2011, adjusted for currency. Integrated Technology Services (ITS) revenue increased 11.0 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and increased 9.9 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011. The third quarter revenue growth rate at constant currency improved 2 points sequentially compared to the growth rate in the second quarter of 2011, driven primarily by the major markets. ITS had strong performance in its Software Support Services and Business Continuity and Resiliency Services offerings in the third quarter. The growth in higher value offerings contributed to overall gross margin expansion for ITS in the third quarter.

Global Business Services revenue increased 5.7 percent (flat adjusted for currency) to $4,832 million and increased 7.0 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency) to $14,407 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011, respectively, year to year. Application Outsourcing revenue increased 11.4 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and increased 11.3 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011, led by strong performance in the growth markets. Consulting and Systems Integration (C&SI), which includes Consulting, Application Management Services systems integration and the U.S. Federal business, had revenue growth in the third quarter of 4.1 percent (decreased 1 percent adjusted for currency) and growth of 5.8 percent (flat adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011. Revenue declines, adjusted for currency, in Japan and in the Public sector impacted the third-quarter C&SI constant currency growth rate by 7 points. Worldwide, approximately one-third of the GBS business is made up of the Public sector and Japan. Total GBS revenue, excluding Japan and the Public sector, increased 13 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and in the first nine months of 2011 compared to the prior year.

							Yr. to Yr.
							Percent/
(Dollars in millions)							Margin
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010*			Change
Global Technology Services:
External gross profit	$	3,686		$	3,331		10.7	%
External gross profit margin	35.7		%	35.1		%	0.6	pts.
Pre-tax income	$	1,695		$	1,506		12.5	%
Pre-tax margin	15.9		%	15.3		%	0.7	pts.
Global Business Services:
External gross profit	$	1,422		$	1,309		8.6	%
External gross profit margin	29.4		%	28.6		%	0.8	pts.
Pre-tax income	$	775		$	687		12.8	%
Pre-tax margin	15.4		%	14.4		%	1.0	pts.

*  Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

45

							Yr. to Yr.
							Percent/
(Dollars in millions)							Margin
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010+			Change
Global Technology Services:
External gross profit	$	10,496		$	9,684		8.4	%
External gross profit margin	34.5		%	34.5		%	(0.0	)pts.
Pre-tax income	$	4,353		$	3,863		12.7	%
Pre-tax margin	13.9		%	13.3		%	0.6	pts.
Pre-tax income — normalized*	$	4,469		$	4,136		8.1	%
Pre-tax margin — normalized	14.2		%	14.2		%	0.0	pts.
Global Business Services:
External gross profit	$	4,117		$	3,774		9.1	%
External gross profit margin	28.6		%	28.0		%	0.6	pts.
Pre-tax income	$	2,166		$	1,811		19.6	%
Pre-tax margin	14.4		%	12.9		%	1.6	pts.
Pre-tax income — normalized**	$	2,211		$	1,939		14.0	%
Pre-tax margin — normalized	14.7		%	13.8		%	0.9	pts.

*   Excludes $116 million and $273 million of workforce rebalancing charges in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively.

** Excludes $45 million and $128 million of workforce rebalancing charges in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively.

+  Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

GTS gross profit increased 10.7 percent in the third quarter and increased 8.4 percent in the first nine months of 2011 compared to the same periods in 2010. Gross profit margins improved 0.6 points in the third quarter and were flat in the first nine months versus the prior year. Margin expansion in the third quarter was driven by improved gross profit performance in Strategic Outsourcing, ITS and Maintenance. Third-quarter 2011 pre-tax income increased 12.5 percent to $1,695 million with the pre-tax margin expanding 0.7 points to 15.9 percent, versus the prior year, driven by the improved gross profit performance. On a normalized basis, segment pre-tax income in the first nine months of 2011 increased 8.1 percent with a pre-tax margin of 14.2 percent, flat year to year.

GBS gross profit increased 8.6 percent in the third quarter and increased 9.1 percent in the first nine months of 2011 compared to the same periods in 2010. Gross profit margins expanded 0.8 points and 0.6 points in the third quarter and first nine months, respectively, versus the prior year. GBS segment pre-tax income increased 12.8 percent to $775 million in the third quarter of 2011 with pre-tax margin expanding 1.0 points to 15.4 percent. This is the third consecutive quarter of pre-tax income margin expansion in GBS. On a normalized basis, segment pre-tax income in the first nine months of 2011 increased 14.0 percent with a pre-tax margin of 14.7 percent, an increase of 0.9 points year to year.

Total Global Services segment pre-tax income was $2,471 million in the third quarter, an increase of 12.6 percent year to year. The combined pre-tax margin in the third quarter improved 0.8 points year to year.  On a normalized basis, total Global Services pre-tax income in the first nine months increased 10.0 percent with a pre-tax margin of 14.4 percent, up 0.3 points year to year. The global Services business is benefitting from the mix into higher value offerings and yield from its productivity initiatives.

Global Services Backlog

The total estimated Global Services backlog at September 30, 2011 was $137 billion, an increase of $2.4 billion ($2.3 billion adjusted for currency) compared to the September 30, 2010 balance, and a decrease of $7.3 billion ($1.9 billion adjusted for currency) compared to the June 30, 2011 balance. The quarter-to-quarter decline at constant currency was consistent with prior year declines in the comparable periods. The estimated Outsourcing backlog at September 30, 2011 was $90 billion, essentially flat year to year. In addition, the company continues to see good backlog growth in the growth markets.

46

(Dollars in billions)	At September 30, 2011		At September 30, 2010		Yr. to Yr. Change			Yr. to Yr. Change Adjusted For Currency
Backlog:
Total Backlog	$	136.9	$	134.5	$	2.4		$	2.3
Outsourcing Backlog	$	90.3	$	90.7	$	(0.4	)	$	(0.5	)

Total Global Services backlog includes GTS Outsourcing, ITS, GBS Outsourcing, Consulting and Systems Integration and Maintenance. Outsourcing backlog includes GTS Outsourcing and GBS Outsourcing. Total backlog is intended to be a statement of overall work under contract and therefore does include Maintenance. Backlog estimates are subject to change and are affected by several factors, including terminations, changes in the scope of contracts, periodic revalidations, adjustments for revenue not materialized and adjustments for currency.

Global Services signings are management’s initial estimate of the value of a client’s commitment under a Global Services contract. There are no third-party standards or requirements governing the calculation of signings. The calculation used by management involves estimates and judgments to gauge the extent of a client’s commitment, including the type and duration of the agreement, and the presence of termination charges or wind-down costs.

Signings include GTS Outsourcing, ITS, GBS Outsourcing and Consulting and Systems Integration contracts. Contract extensions and increases in scope are treated as signings only to the extent of the incremental new value. Maintenance is not included in signings as maintenance contracts tend to be more steady state, where revenues equal renewals.

Contract portfolios purchased in an acquisition are treated as positive backlog adjustments provided those contracts meet the company’s requirements for initial signings. A new signing will be recognized if a new services agreement is signed incidental or coincidental to an acquisition or divestiture.

(Dollars in billions) For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010*		Yr. to Yr. Change		Yr. to Yr. Change Adjusted For Currency
Outsourcing signings	$	5.8	$	5.0	15.7	%	9.7	%
Transactional signings	6.5		6.0		8.1		3.4
Total signings	$	12.3	$	11.0	11.6	%	6.3	%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

(Dollars in billions) For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010*		Yr. to Yr. Change		Yr. to Yr. Change Adjusted For Currency
Outsourcing signings	$	17.7	$	17.5	0.6	%	(5.4	)%
Transactional signings	19.4		18.1		7.5		2.0
Total signings	$	37.1	$	35.6	4.1	%	(1.6	)%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

47

Software

							Yr. to Yr. Percent
					Yr. to Yr.		Change
(Dollars in millions)					Percent		Adjusted for
For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change		Currency
Software external revenue:	$	5,817	$	5,151	12.9	%	8.1	%
Middleware:	$	4,781	$	4,215	13.4	%	8.5	%
Key branded middleware:	3,647		3,120		16.9		12.0
WebSphere Family					52.2		46.5
Information Management					12.1		7.2
Lotus					6.3		1.1
Tivoli					7.9		3.5
Rational					7.2		2.6
Other middleware	1,133		1,095		3.5		(1.4	)
Operating systems	598		550		8.7		3.9
Other	439		386		13.6		10.1

					Yr. to Yr.		Yr. to Yr. Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)					Percent		Adjusted for
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010*		Change		Currency
Software external revenue:	$	17,295	$	15,447	12.0	%	7.7	%
Middleware:	$	14,211	$	12,565	13.1	%	8.8	%
Key branded middleware:	10,843		9,199		17.9		13.4
WebSphere Family					52.3		47.2
Information Management					14.5		10.1
Lotus					6.6		1.6
Tivoli					8.4		4.2
Rational					5.4		0.8
Other middleware	3,368		3,366		0.1		(3.7	)
Operating systems	1,770		1,593		11.1		6.8
Other	1,315		1,289		2.0		(1.5	)

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

Software revenue increased 12.9 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency) to $5,817 million in the third quarter and increased 12.0 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency) to $17,295 million in the first nine months of 2011, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2010. Adjusting for the divested PLM operations, revenue grew at 13.2 percent (9 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011. Revenue growth continues to be driven by key branded middleware.

Key branded middleware revenue increased 16.9 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter of 2011 and increased 17.9 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2010. Key branded middleware accounted for 63 percent of total Software revenue in both the third quarter and nine month periods of 2011 as the business continues to mix to higher growth areas. The software business continued to extend its leadership of the middleware market and gained share for the 16th straight quarter.

WebSphere revenue increased 52.2 percent (46 percent adjusted for currency) and increased 52.3 percent (47 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 year to year, respectively, and gained share in the third quarter. Revenue growth was again driven by both the base business and acquisitions. Revenue from the Smarter Commerce offerings more than doubled in the third quarter compared to the prior year as the company has brought together the WebSphere Commerce business with the Sterling, Unica and Coremetrics acquisitions. Business Process Management software, which helps clients drive new levels of efficiency and effectiveness in their business, had revenue growth of nearly 50 percent and 30 percent in the third quarter and first nine months, respectively, year to year.

Information Management revenue increased 12.1 percent (7 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter year to year and gained share. Revenue in the first nine months of 2011 increased 14.5 percent (10 percent adjusted for currency)

48

year to year. Netezza and data management were two key contributors to the third quarter revenue performance. Netezza offerings continue to be well received in the market, with revenue up 36 percent year to year in the third quarter. Since its introduction in 2009, the Netezza appliance has won over 80 percent of the head-to-head proof of concepts against competition. Managing data also remains a key focus for the company’s clients. A third party recently reported that the company is the market leader in data archiving, master data management and data integration. Both Netezza and data management are key components of the business analytics growth initiative, which delivered double-digit revenue growth again in the third quarter.

Lotus revenue increased 6.3 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and 6.6 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011, respectively. Growth was driven by strong performance from the Social Business offerings.

Tivoli revenue increased 7.9 percent and 8.4 percent (3 percent and 4 percent adjusted for currency) year over year in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011, respectively. The revenue growth was led by Tivoli Storage Management with growth of 25 percent (19 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and 23 percent (18 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011.

Rational revenue increased 7.2 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and increased 5.4 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011 compared to the prior year periods and gained share in the third quarter.

Operating systems revenue increased 8.7 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and increased 11.1 percent (7 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011, driven primarily by growth in Power Systems.

Other software revenue increased 13.6 percent (10 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter of 2011 driven primarily by growth in software-related services. Revenue in the first nine months of 2011 increased 2.0 percent (decreased 1 percent adjusted for currency) with growth in software-related services partially offset by the divestiture of the PLM operations in the first quarter of 2010.

							Yr. to Yr.
							Percent/
(Dollars in millions)							Margin
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010*			Change
Software:
External gross profit	$	5,123		$	4,526		13.2	%
External gross profit margin	88.1		%	87.9		%	0.2	pts.
Pre-tax income	$	2,214		$	1,978		12.0	%
Pre-tax margin	33.4		%	33.6		%	(0.2	)pts.

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

							Yr. to Yr.
							Percent/
(Dollars in millions)							Margin
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010**			Change
Software:
External gross profit	$	15,199		$	13,467		12.9	%
External gross profit margin	87.9		%	87.2		%	0.7	pts.
Pre-tax income	$	6,260		$	6,167		1.5	%
Pre-tax margin	31.7		%	35.0		%	(3.3	)pts.
Pre-tax income — normalized*	$	6,299		$	5,673		11.0	%
Pre-tax margin — normalized	31.9		%	32.2		%	(0.3	)pts.

*   Excludes $39 million and $98 million of workforce rebalancing charges in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively, and ($591million) related to the PLM gain in the first quarter of 2010.

** Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

49

Software gross profit increased 13.2 percent to $5,123 million for the third quarter and 12.9 percent to $15,199 million for the first nine months of 2011. Gross profit margins expanded 0.2 points and 0.7 points in the third quarter and first nine months, respectively, versus the prior year periods.  Software delivered segment pre-tax income of $2,214 million in the third quarter, a growth of 12.0 percent compared to the third quarter of 2010, with a pre-tax margin of 33.4 percent. On a normalized basis, segment pre-tax income for the first nine months of 2011 increased 11.0 percent and segment pre-tax margin declined 0.3 points to 31.9 percent.

Systems and Technology

							Yr. to Yr.
							Percent
(Dollars in millions) For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Yr. to Yr. Percent Change		Change Adjusted for Currency
Systems and Technology external revenue:	$	4,482	$	4,325	3.6	%	0.8	%
System z					(4.9	)%	(7.2	)%
Power Systems					14.7		11.8
System x					1.1		(3.0	)
Storage					8.2		4.6
Retail Store Solutions					13.9		10.9
Total Systems					5.5		2.2
Microelectronics OEM					(6.2	)	(6.2	)

							Yr. to Yr.
							Percent
(Dollars in millions) For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Yr. to Yr. Percent Change		Change Adjusted for Currency
Systems and Technology external revenue:	$	13,182	$	11,696	12.7	%	9.1	%
System z					27.7	%	23.2	%
Power Systems					15.1		11.3
System x					9.3		4.9
Storage					9.5		5.4
Retail Store Solutions					13.0		9.6
Total Systems					14.1		9.9
Microelectronics OEM					4.6		4.6

Systems and Technology revenue increased 3.6 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency) and 12.7 percent (9 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011, respectively, versus the same periods in 2010.  Performance in the third quarter was driven by the growth markets which increased 15.8 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency). This is the 7th consecutive quarter of double-digit revenue growth in the growth markets. On a constant currency basis, the major markets decreased 3 percent in the third quarter, but increased 7 percent in the first nine months, compared to the prior year periods. The growth markets increased 22.2 percent (18 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011 on a year-to-year basis.

System z revenue decreased 4.9 percent and increased 27.7 percent (down 7 percent and up 23 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 versus the third quarter and first nine months of 2010, respectively. MIPS (millions of instructions per second) shipments decreased 11 percent and increased 30 percent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 versus the same periods of 2010, respectively. The decline in revenue and MIPS in the third quarter was a result of the strong prior year performance and was consistent with prior mainframe product cycles, as the company successfully launched its zEnterprise 196 server in the third quarter of 2010. Since the z196 server began shipping, the company has added over 80 new System z clients, with more than 30 percent of these in the growth markets.

Power Systems revenue increased 14.7 percent and 15.1 percent (12 percent and 11 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 versus the third quarter and first nine months of 2010, respectively, with performance driven by strong growth in high-end systems. High-end systems revenue increased 46.5 percent (43 percent adjusted for currency) and 32.7 percent (28 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011,

50

respectively, compared to the prior year. The company extended its market leadership this quarter, the 14th consecutive quarter of year-to-year share gains. In the third quarter, the company had over 250 competitive displacements resulting in over $225 million of business; approximately 50 percent were from Oracle/Sun and 50 percent from Hewlett Packard.

System x revenue increased 1.1 percent and 9.3 percent (down 3 percent and up 5 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 versus the third quarter and first nine months of 2010, respectively. High-end System x revenue increased 32 percent and 33 percent (27 percent and 27 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 versus the comparable periods of 2010, respectively. In the third quarter, System x revenue increased 21 percent (15 percent adjusted for currency) in the growth markets; the 8th consecutive quarter of double-digit revenue growth.

Storage revenue increased 8.2 percent and 9.5 percent (5 percent and 5 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 versus the comparable periods in 2010, respectively. Total disk revenue increased 8 percent and 11 percent (4 percent and 7 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2011 versus the third quarter and first nine months of 2010, respectively, primarily due to double-digit growth in enterprise disk products. Tape revenue increased 12 percent and 6 percent (8 percent and 2 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2011, versus the comparable periods of 2010, respectively. When combined with storage software, total storage revenue increased 12 percent in the third quarter compared to the prior year.

Retail Stores Solutions revenue increased 13.9 percent and 13.0 percent (11 percent and 10 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 versus the same periods in 2010, respectively.

Microelectronics OEM revenue decreased 6.2 percent and increased 4.6 percent (down 6 percent and up 5 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 versus the comparable periods of 2010, respectively, as the company shifts its production to meet internal demand.

							Yr. to Yr.
							Percent/
(Dollars in millions)							Margin
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010**			Change
Systems and Technology:
External gross profit	$	1,784		$	1,575		13.3	%
External gross profit margin	39.8		%	36.4		%	3.4	pts.
Pre-tax income	$	318		$	295		7.8	%
Pre-tax margin	6.8		%	6.5		%	0.3	pts.

							Yr. to Yr. Percent/
(Dollars in millions)							Margin
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010**			Change
System and Technology:
External gross profit	$	5,204		$	4,119		26.3	%
External gross profit margin	39.5		%	35.2		%	4.3	pts.
Pre-tax income	$	843		$	283		197.9	%
Pre-tax margin	6.1		%	2.3		%	3.8	pts.
Pre-tax income — normalized*	$	862		$	340		153.5	%
Pre-tax margin — normalized	6.2		%	2.8		%	3.5	pts.

*   Excludes $19 million and $57 million of workforce rebalancing charges in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively.

** Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

Gross margin increased 3.4 points in the third quarter of 2011 versus the prior year. The increase was driven by margin improvements in Power Systems, System z and System x, partially offset by lower margins in Microelectronics and Storage. Gross margin for the first nine months increased 4.3 points compared to the first nine months of 2010. The increase was driven by revenue mix and margin improvements in Power Systems, System x and System z.

Systems and Technology’s pre-tax income increased $23 million (7.8 percent) to $318 million in the third quarter, and on a normalized basis increased $522 million to $862 million for the first nine months of 2011, when compared to the prior

51

year. Pre-tax margin increased 0.3 points in the third quarter and on a normalized basis 3.5 points in the first nine months, respectively, versus the prior year periods.

Global Financing

See pages 67 to 72 for a discussion of Global Financing’s segment results.

Geographic Revenue

In addition to the revenue presentation by reportable segment, the company also measures revenue performance on a geographic basis. The following geographic, regional and country-specific revenue performance excludes OEM revenue, which is discussed separately below.

							Yr. to Yr.
							Percent
					Yr. to Yr.		Change
(Dollars in millions) For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Percent Change		Adjusted for Currency
Total Revenue	$	26,157	$	24,271	7.8	%	2.7	%
Geographies:	$	25,414	$	23,465	8.3	%	3.1	%
Americas	10,934		10,216		7.0		6.0
Europe/Middle East/Africa	7,991		7,354		8.7		0.5
Asia Pacific	6,489		5,895		10.1		1.3
Major markets					5.4	%	0.5	%
Growth markets					19.3	%	12.8	%
BRIC countries					17.0	%	13.3	%

							Percent
					Yr. to Yr.		Change
(Dollars in millions)					Percent		Adjusted for
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change		Currency
Total Revenue	$	77,430	$	70,852	9.3	%	4.3	%
Geographies:	$	75,398	$	68,825	9.5	%	4.4	%
Americas	32,438		29,893		8.5		7.3
Europe/Middle East/Africa	24,388		22,349		9.1		1.8
Asia Pacific	18,573		16,583		12.0		2.7
Major markets					6.9	%	2.3	%
Growth markets					19.9	%	12.8	%
BRIC countries					22.7	%	18.3	%

Total geographic revenue increased 8.3 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) to $25,414 million in the third quarter of 2011 compared to the prior year. Adjusted for currency, revenue performance was again led by the growth markets, with strong performance across all the segments, and North America.

The major markets increased 5.4 percent (flat adjusted for currency) in the third quarter. In North America, the U.S., the company’s largest market, was up 3.9 percent and Canada was up 13.5 percent (7 percent adjusted for currency), driven by continued momentum in Software and strong performance in Power Systems. In Europe, revenue increased in Spain 19.2 percent (9 percent adjusted for currency) and in the U.K. 9.0 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency). This was the 4th and 8th consecutive quarter of constant currency revenue growth in Spain and the U.K, respectively.

Growth markets revenue increased 19.3 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter and outpaced growth in the major markets by 12 points on a constant currency basis. This is the 5th consecutive quarter of double-digit constant currency revenue growth and share gains in the growth markets. In the BRIC countries, revenue increased 17.0 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency) with double-digit growth in each of the four countries. Overall, in the third quarter, the company had double-digit constant currency revenue growth in 40 growth market countries. Revenue performance in the growth markets was also broad based from a segment perspective. The growth markets led the revenue performance in each segment with strong growth and expected share gains in GTS, GBS, Software and Systems and Technology.

52

Americas revenue increased 7.0 percent (6 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter of 2011. Within the major market countries, the U.S. increased 3.9 percent and Canada increased 13.5 percent (7 percent adjusted for currency). Revenue in the Latin America growth markets increased 20.4 percent (17 percent adjusted for currency) led by growth in Brazil of 16.0 percent (11 percent adjusted for currency).

Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA) revenue increased 8.7 percent (flat adjusted for currency) in the third quarter of 2011. In the major market countries, revenue growth was led by the U.K. up 9.0 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency), Spain up 19.2 percent (9 percent adjusted for currency), Germany up 7.0 percent (down 2 percent adjusted for currency) and France up 8.7 percent (flat adjusted for currency). Italy decreased 1.4 percent (10 percent adjusted for currency). The EMEA growth markets increased 13.3 percent (10 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter of 2011, led by growth in Russia of 46.4 percent (45 percent adjusted for currency).

Asia Pacific revenue increased 10.1 percent (1 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter of 2011. The Asia Pacific growth markets increased 20.3 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency), led by growth in China of 15.5 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency) and India of 13.2 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency). Japan revenue decreased 0.2 percent (10 percent adjusted for currency).

OEM revenue of $743 million in the third quarter of 2011 decreased 7.9 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency) compared to a strong third quarter of 2010.

Total geographic revenue for the first nine months of 2011 increased 9.5 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency) to $75,398 million. The major markets increased 6.9 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) year to year. The growth markets increased 19.9 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency), driven by double digit growth in Systems and Technology, Software and Global Services, and has contributed over half of the geographic constant currency revenue growth. Total revenue from the growth markets represented approximately 22 percent of the total geographic revenue in the first nine months of 2011, with revenue growth adjusted for currency, approximately 11 points higher than the major markets. Within the BRIC countries, revenue increased 22.7 percent (18 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011 versus the first nine months of 2010 with strong growth in each of the four countries. Within the growth markets, the company continues to expand into new countries and territories, and in the first nine months of 2011, has opened over 80 new branches in these areas.

Americas revenue for the first nine months of 2011 increased 8.5 percent (7 percent adjusted for currency) compared to the same period of 2010. Within the major market countries, U.S. revenue increased 5.5 percent and Canada increased 15.3 percent (9 percent adjusted for currency). Revenue in the Latin America growth markets increased 21.7 percent (17 percent adjusted for currency), led by Brazil with growth of 19.9 percent (13 percent adjusted for currency).

EMEA revenue increased 9.1 percent (2 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011 versus the same period in 2010. The EMEA growth markets in the first nine months of 2011 increased 13.0 percent (9 percent adjusted for currency) year to year, led by growth in Russia of 46.4 percent (45 percent adjusted for currency). Revenue growth in the major market countries was led by the U.K. up 9.8 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency), France up 11.8 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency) and Spain up 12.4 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency).

Asia Pacific revenue increased 12.0 percent (3 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011. Revenue in the growth markets increased 21.0 percent (12 percent adjusted for currency), led by growth in China of 24.4 percent (21 percent adjusted for currency) and India of 15.8 percent (14 percent adjusted for currency). Japan revenue increased 3.7 percent (decreased 7 percent adjusted for currency) year to year in the first nine months of 2011.

OEM revenue of $2,032 million in the first nine months of 2011 increased 0.3 percent (flat adjusted for currency) year to year.

53

Expense

Total Expense and Other Income

							Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)							Percent
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010*			Change
Total consolidated expense and other (income)	$	7,146		$	6,324		13.0	%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	(71		)	(62		)	14.4
Acquisition-related charges	(21		)	(13		)	67.2
Non-operating retirement-related costs/(income)	21			51			(58.3	)
Total operating (non-GAAP) expense and other (income)	$	7,075		$	6,301		12.3	%
Total consolidated expense-to-revenue ratio	27.3		%	26.1		%	1.3	pts.
Operating (non-GAAP) expense-to-revenue ratio	27.0		%	26.0		%	1.1	pts.

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

							Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)							Percent
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010*			Change
Total consolidated expense and other (income)	$	21,687		$	19,019		14.0	%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	(217		)	(177		)	22.3
Acquisition-related charges	(32		)	(23		)	38.5
Non-operating retirement-related costs/(income)	49			149			(66.9	)
Total operating (non-GAAP) expense and other (income)	$	21,487		$	18,968		13.3	%
Total consolidated expense-to-revenue ratio	28.0		%	26.8		%	1.2	pts.
Operating (non-GAAP) expense-to-revenue ratio	27.8		%	26.8		%	1.0	pts.

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

Total expense and other (income) increased 13.0 percent in the third quarter and 14.0 percent in the first nine months compared to the prior year. Total operating (non-GAAP) expense and other (income) increased 12.3 percent and 13.3 percent compared to the third quarter and first nine months of 2010, respectively. The key drivers of the year-to-year change in total expense and other (income) for both expense presentations were approximately:

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011:	Three Months		Nine Months
Currency*	7	pts.	6	pts.
Acquisitions**	3	pts.	4	pts.
Base expense	2	pts.	4	pts.

*    Reflects impacts of translation and hedging programs.

** Includes acquisitions completed in prior 12-month period.

For additional information regarding total expense and other income for both expense presentations, see the following analyses by category.

54

Selling, general and administrative expense

							Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)							Percent
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010*			Change
Selling, general and administrative expense:
Selling, general and administrative — other	$	4,961		$	4,506		10.1	%
Advertising and promotional expense	339			337			0.7
Workforce rebalancing charges	22			25			(11.4	)
Retirement-related costs	148			120			23.1
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	71			62			14.4
Stock-based compensation	116			118			(1.3	)
Bad debt expense	4			(20		)	nm
Total consolidated selling, general and administrative expense	$	5,662		$	5,149		10.0	%
Amortization of acquired intangibles assets	(71		)	(62		)	14.4
Acquisition-related charges	(4		)	(13		)	(72.7	)
Non-operating retirement-related costs/(income)	(0		)	20			nm
Operating (non-GAAP) selling, general and administrative expense	$	5,587		$	5,094		9.7	%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

nm — not meaningful

							Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)							Percent
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010*			Change
Selling, general and administrative expense:
Selling, general and administrative — other	$	15,013		$	13,390		12.1	%
Advertising and promotional expense	1,028			966			6.4
Workforce rebalancing charges	423			601			(29.7	)
Retirement-related costs	466			377			23.5
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	217			177			22.3
Stock-based compensation	372			366			1.6
Bad debt expense	(1		)	8			nm
Total consolidated selling, general and administrative expense	$	17,518		$	15,886		10.3	%
Amortization of acquired intangibles assets	(217		)	(177		)	22.3
Acquisition-related charges	(9		)	(21		)	(55.8	)
Non-operating retirement-related costs/(income)	(16		)	56			nm
Operating (non-GAAP) selling, general and administrative expense	$	17,276		$	15,744		9.7	%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

nm — not meaningful

Total Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense increased 10.0 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency) in the third quarter of 2011 versus the third quarter of 2010. The increase was driven by currency impacts (5 points), acquisition-related spending (3 points) and base expense (2 points). Operating (non-GAAP) SG&A expense increased 9.7 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency) primarily driven by the same factors.

Total SG&A expense increased 10.3 percent (6 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months of 2011 versus the first nine months of 2010. The increase was driven by currency impacts (4 points), acquisition-related spending (4 points) and base expense (2 points). Workforce rebalancing charges decreased $179 million due primarily to actions taken by the company in the first quarter of 2010 ($558 million). Bad debt expense increased $24 million in the third quarter and decreased $9 million in the first nine months of 2011. The accounts receivable provision coverage is 1.7 percent at September 30, 2011, a decrease of 50 basis points from the prior year and a decrease of 10 basis points from year-end 2010, reflecting the improving credit environment. Operating (non-GAAP) SG&A expense increased 9.7 percent (5 percent adjusted for currency) in the first nine months versus the prior year.

55

Other (income) and expense

							Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)							Percent
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010*			Change
Other (income) and expense:
Foreign currency transaction losses/(gains)	$	253		$	567		55.4	%
(Gains)/losses on derivative instruments	(107		)	(583		)	(81.7	)
Interest income	(39		)	(23		)	73.3
Net (gains)/losses from securities and investment assets	5			5			(4.7	)
Other	16			(72		)	nm
Total consolidated other (income) and expense	$	128		$	(106	)	nm
Acquisition-related charges	(18		)	(1		)	nm
Operating (non-GAAP) other (income) and expense	$	111		$	(105	)	nm

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

nm — not meaningful

							Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)							Percent
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010*			Change
Other (income) and expense:
Foreign currency transaction losses/(gains)	$	505		$	289		74.9	%
(Gains)/losses on derivative instruments	(141		)	(257		)	(45.2	)
Interest income	(105		)	(65		)	61.3
Net (gains)/losses from securities and investment assets	(222		)	22			nm
Other	(14		)	(734		)	(98.0	)
Total consolidated other (income) and expense	$	23		$	(746	)	nm	%
Acquisition-related charges	(23		)	(2		)	nm
Operating (non-GAAP) other (income) and expense	$	1		$	(747	)	nm	%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

nm — not meaningful

Other (income) and expense was expense of $128 million and income of $106 million in the third quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively. The decrease in income of $234 million in the third quarter of 2011 was primarily driven by lower gains on derivative instruments ($476 million) and a 2010 gain related to the disposition of a joint venture ($57 million), reflected in other in the table above, partially offset by lower foreign currency transaction losses ($314 million) due to foreign currency rate volatility year to year.

Other (income) and expense was expense of $23 million and income of $746 million for the first nine months of 2011 and 2010, respectively. The decrease for the first nine months of 2011 was primarily driven by the net gain from the PLM transaction in the first quarter of 2010 ($591 million) reflected in Other in the table above, higher foreign currency transaction losses ($216 million) and lower gains on derivative instruments ($116 million) due to foreign currency rate volatility, partially offset by higher net gains from securities and investment asset sales ($244 million), primarily in the first quarter of 2011.

Research, Development and Engineering

					Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)					Percent
For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010*		Change
Total consolidated research, development and engineering	$	1,546	$	1,464	5.6	%
Non-operating retirement-related costs/(income)	22		31		(29.8	)
Operating (non-GAAP) research, development and engineering	$	1,568	$	1,495	4.9	%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

56

					Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)					Percent
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010*		Change
Total consolidated research, development and engineering	$	4,703	$	4,448	5.7	%
Non-operating retirement-related costs/(income)	65		93		(30.4	)
Operating (non-GAAP) research, development and engineering	$	4,768	$	4,541	5.0	%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

The company continues to invest in research and development, focusing its investments on high value, high growth opportunities and to extend its technology leadership. Total Research, development and engineering (RD&E) expense increased 5.6 percent in the third quarter of 2011 versus the third quarter of 2010 primarily driven by: acquisitions (up 4 points) and currency impacts (up 2 points), partially offset by base expense (down 1 point). RD&E expense increased 5.7 percent for the first nine months of 2011 versus the same period of 2010 primarily driven by: acquisitions (up 5 points) and currency impacts (up 2 points), partially offset by base expense (down 1 point). Operating (non-GAAP) RD&E expense increased 4.9 percent and 5.0 percent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011, respectively, compared to the prior year primarily driven by the same factors.

Intellectual Property and Custom Development Income

					Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)					Percent
For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
Intellectual Property and Custom Development Income:
Sales and other transfers of intellectual property	$	101	$	47	114.1	%
Licensing/royalty-based fees	50		80		(37.8	)
Custom development income	148		151		(2.4	)
Total	$	298	$	278	7.2	%

					Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)					Percent
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
Intellectual Property and Custom Development Income:
Sales and other transfers of intellectual property	$	251	$	134	87.1	%
Licensing/royalty-based fees	163		253		(35.7	)
Custom development income	441		449		(1.8	)
Total	$	855	$	836	2.2	%

The timing and amount of Sales and other transfers of IP may vary significantly from period to period depending upon the timing of divestitures, economic conditions, industry consolidation and the timing of new patents and know-how development. There were no significant IP transactions in the third quarter or first nine months of 2011 and 2010.

Interest Expense

					Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)					Percent
For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
Interest expense	$	107	$	95	13.5	%

					Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)					Percent
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
Interest expense	$	298	$	267	11.6	%

The increase in interest expense for the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 versus the same periods of 2010 was primarily driven by higher average debt levels, partially offset by lower average interest rates. Interest expense is presented in cost of financing in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings only if the related external borrowings are to support the Global Financing external business. See page 71 for additional information regarding Global Financing debt and interest expense. Overall interest expense for the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 was $251 million and $720 million, respectively, an increase of $24 million and $33 million, respectively, year to year.

57

Retirement-Related Plans

The following tables provide the total pre-tax cost for all retirement-related plans. These amounts are included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings within the caption (e.g., Cost, SG&A, RD&E) relating to the job function of the plan participants.

							Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)							Percent
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010			Change
Retirement-related plans — cost:
Service cost	$	139		$	137		2.0	%
Amortization of prior service cost/(credits)	(40		)	(46		)	(13.8	)
Cost of defined contribution plans	374			347			7.6
Total operating costs	$	473		$	438		8.1	%
Interest cost	$	1, 157		$	1,186		(2.5	)%
Expected return on plan assets	(1,654		)	(1,616		)	2.4
Recognized actuarial losses	448			298			50.5
Plan amendments/curtailments/settlements	(0		)	1			nm
Multiemployer plan/other costs	21			27			(22.4	)
Total non-operating costs/(income)	$	(29	)	$	(104	)	(72.5	)
Total retirement-related plans — cost	$	444		$	333		33.3	%

nm — not meaningful

							Yr. to Yr.
(Dollars in millions)							Percent
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010			Change
Retirement-related plans — cost:
Service cost	$	418		$	409		2.2	%
Amortization of prior service cost/(credits)	(117		)	(135		)	(13.3	)
Cost of defined contribution plans	1,156			1,080			7.0
Total operating costs	$	1,456		$	1,354		7.6	%
Interest cost	$	3,461		$	3,560		(2.8	)%
Expected return on plan assets	(4,945		)	(4,847		)	2.0
Recognized actuarial losses	1,351			888			52.1
Plan amendments/curtailments/settlements	1			27			(98.1	)
Multiemployer plan/other costs	95			79			20.0
Total non-operating costs/(income)	$	(37	)	$	(293	)	(84.7	)
Total retirement-related plans — cost	$	1,419		$	1,061		33.8	%

nm — not meaningful

In the third quarter, total retirement-related plans cost increased by $111 million compared to the third quarter of 2010, primarily driven by an increase in recognized actuarial losses of $150 million. Total cost for the first nine months of 2011 increased $359 million versus the first nine months of 2010, primarily driven by an increase in recognized actuarial losses of $463 million, partially offset by lower interest cost of $99 million and increased expected return on plan assets of $97 million.

As discussed in the “Snapshot” on pages 37 and 38, the company has begun to characterize certain retirement-related costs as operating and others as non-operating. Utilizing this characterization, operating retirement-related costs in the third quarter were $473 million, an increase of $35 million compared to the third quarter of 2010, primarily driven by a $26 million increase in defined contribution plan costs. Non-operating costs of $(29) million increased $76 million in the third quarter compared to the prior year driven primarily by an increase in recognized actuarial losses ($150 million), partially offset by increased expected return on plan assets ($38 million) and lower interest cost ($30 million). For the first nine months of 2011, operating retirement-related costs were $1,456 million, an increase of $103 million compared to the first nine months of 2010. This increase was driven by a $76 million increase in the cost of defined contribution plans and decreased amortization of prior service cost credits ($18 million). Non-operating costs of $(37) million increased $256 million in the first nine months compared to the prior year driven primarily by an increase in recognized actuarial losses of $463 million, partially offset by lower interest cost ($99 million) and an increase in the expected return on plan assets ($97 million).

58

See Note 10, “Retirement-Related Benefits” on pages 28 to 30 for additional plan cost detail.

The company expects 2011 pre-tax retirement-related plan cost to be approximately $1.9 billion, an increase of approximately $500 million compared to 2010. This estimate reflects current pension plan assumptions at December 31, 2010. Within total retirement-related plan cost, operating retirement-related plans cost is expected to be approximately $1.9 billion, an increase of approximately $100 million versus 2010. Non-operating retirement-related plan cost is expected to be approximately zero versus income of $0.4 billion in 2010. See the company’s 2010 Annual Report, note U, “Retirement-Related Benefits,” on pages 112 to 126 for additional information.

Taxes

The effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2011 was 23.6 percent compared to an effective tax rate of 23.3 percent for the third quarter of 2010. The effective tax rates for the first nine months of 2011 and 2010 were 24.5 percent and 25.0 percent, respectively. The operating (non-GAAP) tax rate for the third quarter of 2011 was 23.6 percent compared to 23.0 percent for the third quarter of 2010. The operating (non-GAAP) tax rates for the first nine months of 2011 and 2010 were 24.5 percent and 24.8 percent, respectively.

During the second quarter of 2011, the company reached agreement with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) related to the valuation of certain intellectual property within the 2004-2005 and 2006-2007 audit periods. The agreement resolved all open matters for the period 2004 through 2007 with the IRS.  The resolution resulted in a net reduction of the second-quarter tax provision of $173 million. This benefit was predominantly offset by a one-time tax cost associated with the intercompany transfer of certain intellectual property in the second quarter. In addition, during the second quarter, the company completed the integration of a number of acquired companies. These integrations resulted in a second quarter tax charge of approximately $250 million that was offset by the release of a prior year tax liability associated with certain of the acquired companies.

With limited exception, the company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax audits by taxing authorities for years through 2007. The years subsequent to 2007 contain matters that could be subject to differing interpretations of applicable tax laws and regulations as it relates to the amount and/or timing of income, deductions and tax credits. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, the company believes that adequate amounts of tax and interest have been provided for any adjustments that are expected to result for these years.

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2010 increased by $107 million for the first nine months of 2011 to $5,400 million. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits increased by $104 million during the third quarter of 2011.  The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate is $4,908 million at September 30, 2011.

In April 2010, the company appealed the determination of a non-U.S. local taxing authority with respect to certain foreign tax losses. The tax benefit of these losses, approximately $1,555 million, has been included in unrecognized tax benefits. This amount includes the portion of these losses that had been utilized against a prior year liability.  In April 2011, the company received notification that the appeal had been denied. In June 2011, the company filed a lawsuit challenging this decision. The first court hearing was held in September 2011 with a second hearing scheduled for early 2012.

In October, the IRS commenced its audit of the company’s U.S. tax returns for 2008 through 2010.

59

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method.  Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options and stock awards.

					Yr. to Yr.
					Percent
For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
Consolidated earnings per share:
Assuming dilution	$	3.19	$	2.82	13.1	%
Basic	$	3.23	$	2.86	12.9	%
Diluted operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share	$	3.28	$	2.85	15.1	%
Weighted-average shares outstanding: (in millions)
Assuming dilution	1,204.9		1,272.8		(5.3	)%
Basic	1,188.6		1,255.2		(5.3	)%

					Yr. to Yr.
					Percent
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
Consolidated earnings per share:
Assuming dilution	$	8.48	$	7.38	14.9	%
Basic	$	8.60	$	7.49	14.8	%
Diluted operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share	$	8.77	$	7.45	17.7	%
Weighted-average shares outstanding: (in millions)
Assuming dilution	1,222.1		1,297.0		(5.8	)%
Basic	1,205.2		1,278.3		(5.7	)%

Actual shares outstanding at September 30, 2011 were 1,178.6 million. The weighted-average number of common shares outstanding assuming dilution during the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 was 67.9 million and 74.9 million lower, respectively, than the same periods in 2010, primarily as a result of the company’s common stock repurchase program.

Financial Position

Dynamics

At September 30, 2011, the company’s balance sheet and liquidity positions remain strong. Cash on hand at quarter end was $11,303 million. Total debt of $30,160 million increased $1,536 million from prior year-end levels. The commercial paper balance at September 30, 2011 was $1,150 million, essentially flat compared to $1,144 million at year end. The company continues to have substantial flexibility in the market. In the first nine months, the company generated $12,750 million in cash from operations, essentially flat compared to the first nine months of 2010 (see cash flow analysis on page 62). The company has consistently generated strong cash flow from operations and continues to have access to additional sources of liquidity through the capital markets and its $10 billion global credit facility. The company’s strong cash flow and substantial cash position permits the company to invest and deploy capital to areas with the most attractive long-term opportunities.

The assets and debt associated with the Global Financing business are a significant part of the company’s financial position. The financial position amounts appearing on pages 4 and 5 are the consolidated amounts including Global Financing. The amounts appearing in the separate Global Financing section, beginning on page 68, are supplementary data presented to facilitate an understanding of the Global Financing business.

60

Working Capital

	At September 30,		At December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2011		2010
Current assets	$	45,373	$	48,116
Current liabilities	36,028		40,562
Working capital	$	9,345	$	7,554
Current ratio	1.26:1		1.19:1

Working capital increased $1,791 million from the year-end 2010 position. The key changes are described below:

Current assets decreased $2,743 million ($2,218 million adjusted for currency), due to:

·A decline of $3,237 million ($3,158 million adjusted for currency) in short-term receivables primarily due to collections of higher year-end balances, and

·A decline of $990 million in marketable securities primarily due to sales of securities during the first nine months of 2011, partially offset by

·An increase of $946 million ($1,038 million adjusted for currency) in prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily due to

·An increase of $390 million in collateral received related to derivatives primarily as a result of changes in foreign currency rates and interest rates; and

·An increase of $556 million in various prepaid expenses (taxes, maintenance, insurance, deposits).

·An increase of $643 million ($973 million adjusted for currency) in cash and cash equivalents (see cash flow analysis on page 62).

Current liabilities decreased $4,534 million ($4,441 million adjusted for currency), as a result of:

·A decrease of $1,856 million in taxes payable primarily due to tax payments in the U.S. and Japan in the first nine months of 2011; and

·A decrease in short-term debt of $707 million primarily driven by:

·Payments of $5,594 million; partially offset by

·New debt issuances of $3,378 million; and

·Reclasses of $1,300 million from long-term to short-term debt to reflect maturity dates; and

·A decrease in accounts payable of $711 million reflecting declines from typically higher year-end balances; and

·A decrease in other accrued expenses and liabilities of $730 million ($575 million adjusted for currency) primarily due to derivatives as a result of changes in foreign currency rates.

61

Cash Flow

The company’s cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows on page 6, is summarized in the table below. These amounts include the cash flows associated with the Global Financing business.

(Dollars in millions)
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010
Net cash provided by/(used in) operations:
Operating activities	$	12,750		$	12,754
Investing activities	(891		)	(4,425		)
Financing activities	(10,886		)	(10,569		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(330		)	(83		)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	643		$	(2,324	)

Net cash from operating activities was essentially flat as compared to the first nine months of 2010 driven by the following key factors:

·A decrease in cash provided by operating assets and liabilities of $1,266 million due to:

·Higher net tax payments of  approximately $1,000 million during the first nine months of 2011 compared to 2010; and

·A decrease in vendor payables of $319 million; partially offset by

·A decrease in cash used for workforce rebalancing activities of $281 million during the first nine months of 2011 compared to 2010; and

·A decrease in cash used related to retirement-related plans of $158 million, primarily driven by lower non-U.S. funding in 2011 compared to 2010.

·      Improved net income of $790 million.

Net cash used in investing activities decreased $3,534 million driven by:

·A decrease of $2,770 million in cash used for acquisitions; and

·A net benefit of $518 million from purchases and sales of marketable securities and other investments, due to asset sales in the first quarter and securities sales in the second and third quarters.

Net cash used in financing activities increased $316 million as a result of:

·A net increase of $287 million in cash used for common stock transactions; and

·An increase in dividends paid of $224 million in the first nine months of 2011 compared to 2010; partially offset by

·Higher net cash proceeds from debt issuances of $1,142 million as compared to $948 million in 2010.

Noncurrent Assets and Liabilities

	At September 30,		At December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2011		2010
Noncurrent assets	$	64,785	$	65,335
Long-term debt	24,089		21,846
Noncurrent liabilities (excluding debt)	27,664		27,871

62

The decrease in noncurrent assets of $551 million (an increase of $7 million adjusted for currency) was driven by:

·A decrease of $719 million ($650 million adjusted for currency) in long-term financing receivables driven by maturities exceeding originations; and

·A decrease of $651 million in noncurrent deferred taxes ($683 million adjusted for currency) primarily driven by retirement related activity; and

·A decrease of $455 million in intangible assets due to amortization during the first nine months of 2011; and

·A decrease of $356 million ($266 million adjusted for currency) in investments and sundry assets driven by asset sales during the first quarter; and

·A decrease of $223 million in goodwill due to currency; and

·A decrease of $209 million ($135 million adjusted for currency) in plant, rental machines, and other property (net) due to depreciation during the first nine months of 2011; partially offset by

·An increase of $2,063 million ($2,144 million adjusted for currency) in prepaid pension assets primarily in the U.S.

Long-term debt increased by $2,242 million due to new debt issuances of $3,274 million, partially offset by reclasses of $1,300 million to short-term debt as certain instruments approach maturity.

Other noncurrent liabilities, excluding debt, decreased $207 million ($293 million adjusted for currency) primarily driven by:

·A decrease in retirement and nonpension benefit obligations of $603 million ($662 million adjusted for currency) primarily driven by contributions to non-U.S. plans; and

·An increase of $428 million ($389 million adjusted for currency) in other noncurrent liabilities primarily due to an increase in tax related liabilities.

Debt

The company’s funding requirements are continually monitored and strategies are executed to manage the overall asset and liability profile. Additionally, the company maintains sufficient flexibility to access global funding sources as needed.

	At September 30,		At December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2011		2010
Total company debt	$	30,160	$	28,624
Total Global Financing segment debt	$	22,787	$	22,823
Debt to support external clients	19,389		19,583
Debt to support internal clients	3,398		3,240

Global Financing provides financing predominantly for the company’s external client assets, as well as for assets under contract by other IBM units. These assets, primarily for Global Services, generate long-term, stable revenue streams similar to the Global Financing asset portfolio. Based on their attributes, these Global Services assets are leveraged with the balance of the Global Financing asset base. The debt analysis above is further detailed in the Global Financing section on page 71.

Given the significant leverage, the company presents a debt-to-capitalization ratio which excludes Global Financing debt and equity as management believes this is more representative of the company’s core business operations. This ratio can vary from period to period as the company manages its global cash and debt positions.

63

“Core” debt-to-capitalization ratio (excluding Global Financing debt and equity) was 27.8 percent at September 30, 2011 compared to 22.6 percent at December 31, 2010. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in non-Global Financing debt of $1,572 million and by a decrease in non-Global Financing equity of $758 million from December 31, 2010 balances.

Consolidated debt-to-capitalization ratio at September 30, 2011 was 57.4 percent versus 55.3 percent at December 31, 2010.

Equity

Total equity decreased by $795 million from December 31, 2010 as a result of an increase in treasury stock of $11,273 million, driven by common stock repurchases in the first nine months of 2011, partially offset by an increase in retained earnings of $7,734 million, an increase of $2,139 million in common stock and lower accumulated comprehensive losses of $645 million.

Looking Forward

In the first three quarters of 2011, the company delivered solid financial results with revenue growth of 9.3 percent (4 percent adjusted for currency) and earnings per share growth of 14.9 percent. In addition, the company has generated $12.7 billion in cash flow from operations and returned $14 billion to its shareholders.  In October, the company increased its expectations for full year performance for the third time since the beginning of the year. Overall, the company’s performance is a good start toward its 2015 roadmap.

In May 2010, the company met with investors and introduced a new road map for earnings per share in 2015. The objective of the company’s new road map for growth is to achieve at least $20 of operating (non-GAAP) earnings per diluted share in 2015. Consistent with the company’s prior road map, the company has identified the major drivers of financial performance: revenue growth, margin expansion and common stock share repurchase. The revenue growth will come from a combination of base revenue growth, a mix to faster growing businesses and from acquisitions closed between 2010 and 2015. The contribution from margin expansion will be driven by the shift to higher margin businesses and enterprise productivity. The company will also continue to return value to its shareholders, with approximately $50 billion of share repurchase and $20 billion of dividends during the road map period. Overall, the company expects fairly balanced contribution from revenue growth, margin expansion and share repurchase. The company measures the success of its business model over the long term, not any individual quarter or year. The company’s strategies, investments and actions are all taken with an objective of optimizing long-term performance.

In January 2011, the company disclosed that it is expecting GAAP earnings of at least $12.56 and operating (non-GAAP) earnings of at least $13.00 per diluted share for the full year 2011. In April 2011, the company increased its expectation for GAAP earnings per diluted share to at least $12.73 and its expectation for operating (non-GAAP) earnings per diluted share to at least $13.15 for the full year. In July 2011, the company increased its expectation for GAAP earnings per diluted share to at least $12.87 and its expectation for operating (non-GAAP) earnings per diluted share to at least $13.25 for the full year. In October 2011, the company again increased its expectation for GAAP earnings per diluted share to at least $12.95 and its expectation for operating (non-GAAP) earnings per diluted share to at least $13.35 for the full year. The operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share expectation excludes acquisition-related charges of $0.42 per share and non-operating retirement-related costs/(income) of ($0.02) per share. This revised expectation results in an increase year to year of 12 percent in GAAP earnings per share and an increase of 14 percent year to year in operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share.

In the fourth quarter, the company expects Global Technology Services to deliver similar performance compared to the third quarter, and Global Business Services to improve its revenue performance compared to the third quarter with a constant currency revenue growth rate in the low to mid-single digits. Software had a very strong third quarter and first nine months of 2011. The Software business has a strong opportunity pipeline entering the fourth quarter, and the company expects Software to deliver a similarly strong performance in the fourth quarter compared to the third quarter. In addition, the company will continue to expand the Software business both organically and through acquisitions, with a focus on higher growth segments such as Smarter Commerce, Business Analytics and Security. The company closed on the acquisitions of i2 and Algorithmics in October and expects to close on the acquisition of Q1 Labs in the fourth quarter of 2011. The Systems and Technology business delivered solid performance in the first three quarters of 2011. The company expects a solid fourth quarter from Systems and Technology in terms of revenue and profit contribution, but the business will face a very tough compare versus a strong fourth quarter of 2010 in which revenue increased 22 percent at constant currency. Also, in the fourth quarter, the company expects to close on the acquisition of Platform Computing.

64

Currency Rate Fluctuations

Changes in the relative values of non-U.S. currencies to the U.S. dollar affect the company’s financial results and financial position. At September 30, 2011, currency changes resulted in assets and liabilities denominated in local currencies being translated into fewer dollars than at year-end 2010. The company uses financial hedging instruments to limit specific currency risks related to financing transactions and other foreign currency-based transactions. Further discussion of currency and hedging appears in the 2010 IBM Annual Report in Note L, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” on pages 96 through 101.

Foreign currency fluctuations often drive operational responses that mitigate the simple mechanical translation of earnings. During periods of sustained movements in currency, the marketplace and competition adjust to the changing rates. For example, when pricing offerings in the marketplace, the company may use some of the advantage from a weakening U.S. dollar to improve its position competitively, and price more aggressively to win the business, essentially passing on a portion of the currency advantage to its customers. Competition will frequently take the same action. Consequently, the company believes that some of the currency-based changes in cost impact the prices charged to clients. The company also maintains currency hedging programs for cash management purposes which mitigate, but do not eliminate, the volatility of currency impacts on the company’s financial results.

The company translates revenue, cost and expense in its non-U.S. operations at current exchange rates in the reported period.  References to “adjusted for currency” or “constant currency” reflect adjustments based upon a simple constant currency mathematical translation of local currency results using the comparable prior period’s currency conversion rate.  However, this constant currency methodology that the company utilizes to disclose this information does not incorporate any operational actions that management may take in reaction to fluctuating currency rates.  Based on the currency rate movements in the first nine months of 2011, total revenue increased 9.3 percent as reported and 4.3 percent at constant currency versus the first nine months of 2010. On a pre-tax income basis, these translation impacts offset by the net impact of hedging activities resulted in a theoretical maximum (assuming no pricing or sourcing actions) increase of $520 million in the first nine months of 2011. The same mathematical exercise resulted in a $40 million decrease in the first nine months of 2010. The company views these amounts as a theoretical maximum impact to its as-reported financial results. Considering the operational responses mentioned above, movements of exchange rates, and the nature and timing of hedging instruments, it is difficult to predict future currency impacts on any particular period, but the company believes it could be substantially less than the theoretical maximum given the competitive pressure in the marketplace.

For non-U.S. subsidiaries and branches that operate in U.S. dollars or whose economic environment is highly inflationary, translation adjustments are reflected in results of operations. Generally, the company manages currency risk in these entities by linking prices and contracts to U.S. dollars. The company continues to monitor the economic conditions in Venezuela. On December 30, 2010, the official rate for essential goods was eliminated, with no change to the SITME rate. The SITME rate remained constant throughout the first nine months of 2011. Future gains or losses from devaluation of the SITME rate are not expected to have a material impact given the size of the company’s operations in Venezuela (less than 1 percent of total 2009 and 2010 revenue, respectively).  See the company’s 2010 Annual Report, “Currency Rate Fluctuations,” on page 53 for additional information.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In the company’s 2010 Annual Report, on pages 47 through 49, there is a discussion of the company’s liquidity including two tables that present five years of data. The table presented on page 47 includes net cash from operating activities, cash and marketable securities and the size of the company’s global credit facilities for each of the past five years. For the nine months ended, or as of, as applicable, September 30, 2011, those amounts are $12.7 billion for net cash from operating activities, $11.3 billion of cash and $10 billion in global credit facilities, respectively.

The major rating agencies’ ratings on the company’s debt securities at September 30, 2011 appear in the table on page 66 and remain unchanged from December 31, 2010. The company’s debt securities do not contain any acceleration clauses which could change the scheduled maturities of the obligation. In addition, the company does not have “ratings trigger” provisions in its debt covenants or documentation, which would allow the holders to declare an event of default and seek to accelerate payments there under in the event of a change in credit rating. The company’s contractual agreements governing derivative instruments contain standard market clauses which can trigger the termination of the agreement if the company’s credit rating were to fall below investment grade. At September 30, 2011, the fair value of those instruments that were in a liability position was $560 million, before any applicable netting, and this position is subject to fluctuations in fair value period to period based on the level of the company’s outstanding instruments and market conditions. The company has no

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other contractual arrangements that, in the event of a change in credit rating, would result in a material adverse effect on its financial position liquidity.

	STANDARD AND POOR’S	MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE	FITCH RATINGS
Senior long-term debt	A+	Aa3	A+
Commercial paper	A-1	Prime-1	F1

The table appearing on page 48 of the 2010 Annual Report presents the format in which management reviews cash flows for each of the past five years and is accompanied by a description of the way cash flow is managed, measured and reviewed. The company prepares its Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in accordance with applicable accounting standards for cash flow presentation on page 6 of this Form 10-Q and highlights causes and events underlying sources and uses of cash in that format on page 62. The following is management’s view of cash flows for the first nine months of 2011 and 2010 prepared in a manner consistent with the table and description on pages 48 and 49 of the 2010 Annual Report:

(Dollars in millions) For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010
Net cash from operating activities per GAAP:	$	12,750		$	12,754
Less: the change in Global Financing receivables	2,110			2,257
Net cash from operating activities, excluding
Global Financing receivables	10,640			10,497
Capital expenditures, net	(3,000		)	(2,881		)
Free cash flow (excluding Global Financing receivables)	7,640			7,616
Acquisitions	(223		)	(2,993		)
Divestitures	4			—
Share repurchase	(11,465		)	(11,774		)
Dividends	(2,593		)	(2,369		)
Non-Global Financing debt	1,093			1,534
Other (includes Global Financing receivables and Global Financing debt)	5,196			5,099
Change in cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities	$	(348	)	$	(2,887	)

Free cash flow for the first nine months of 2011 increased $24 million versus the first nine months of 2010; excluding the impact of higher net income tax settlement payments in the first quarter of 2011 compared to the prior year, free cash flow would have increased year to year by approximately $800 million. Also, in the first nine months of 2011, $14,058 million was returned to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends.

Events that could temporarily change the historical cash flow dynamics discussed above and in the 2010 Annual Report include significant changes in operating results, material changes in geographic sources of cash, unexpected adverse impacts from litigation or future pension funding during periods of severe downturn in the capital markets. Whether any litigation has such an adverse impact will depend on a number of variables, which are more completely described in Note 14, “Contingencies,” on pages 32 to 35 of this Form 10-Q. The company expects to make legally mandated pension plan contributions to certain non-U.S. plans of approximately $800 million in 2011.  The company is not quantifying any further impact from pension funding because it is not possible to predict future movements in the capital markets or pension plan funding regulations.

The company’s U.S. cash flows continue to be sufficient to fund its current domestic operations and obligations, including investing and financing activities such as dividends and debt service. The company’s U.S. operations generate substantial cash flows, and, in those circumstances where the company has additional cash requirements in the U.S., the company has several liquidity options available. These options include the ability to borrow funds at reasonable interest rates, utilizing its committed global credit facility, repatriating high-taxed foreign earnings and calling intercompany loans that are in place with certain foreign subsidiaries.

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The company does earn a significant amount of its pre-tax income outside the U.S. The company’s policy is to indefinitely reinvest the earnings of its foreign subsidiaries, and accordingly, no provision for federal income taxes has been made on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The company periodically repatriates a portion of these earnings to the extent that it does not incur an additional U.S tax liability. Quantification of the deferred tax liability, if any, associated with indefinitely reinvested earnings is not practicable. While the company currently does not have a need to repatriate funds held by its foreign subsidiaries, if these funds are needed for operations and obligations in the U.S., the company could elect to repatriate these funds which could result in a reassessment of the company’s policy and increased tax expense.

Global Financing

Global Financing is a reportable segment that is measured as a standalone entity. Global Financing facilitates clients’ acquisition of IBM systems, software and services with the objective of generating consistently strong returns on equity.

Results of Operations

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010*			2011			2010*
External revenue	$	520		$	529		$	1,555		$	1,610
Internal revenue	480			432			1,524			1,267
Total revenue	999			961			3,078			2,877
Total cost	362			338			1,081			1,014
Gross profit	$	637		$	623		$	1,997		$	1,862
Gross profit margin	63.8		%	64.8		%	64.9		%	64.7		%
Pre-tax income	$	481		$	502		$	1,497		$	1,391
After-tax income**	$	321		$	329		$	996		$	918
Return on equity**	39.2		%	43.0		%	40.3		%	39.3		%

*   Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

** See page 72 for the details of the after-tax income and the return on equity calculation.

The increase in revenue in the third quarter, as compared to the same period in 2010, was due to:

·Growth in internal revenue of 10.9 percent, driven by an increase in used equipment sales (up 16.1 percent to $340 million) primarily to Global Technology Services; partially offset by

·A decline in external revenue of 1.7 percent (6 percent adjusted for currency), due to a decrease in used equipment sales (down 17.9 percent to $118 million), partially offset by an increase in financing revenue (up 4.4 percent to $401 million).

The increase in revenue in the first nine months, as compared to the same period in 2010, was due to:

·Growth in internal revenue of 20.3 percent, driven by increases in used equipment sales (up 29.8 percent to $1,098 million) primarily to Global Technology Services and in financing revenue (up 1.1 percent to $425 million); partially offset by

·A decline in external revenue of 3.4 percent (8 percent adjusted for currency), due to a decrease in used equipment sales (down 20.0 percent to $340 million), partially offset by an increase in financing revenue (up 2.5 percent to $1,214 million).

The increases in financing revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2011, compared to the same periods in 2010, were due to higher average asset balances.

Gross profit increased 2.3 percent in the third quarter of 2011 compared to the same period in 2010 due to an increase in financing gross profit, partially offset by a decrease in used equipment sales gross profit. Gross profit margin decreased 1.1 points due to a decrease in used equipment sales margins, partially offset by an increase in financing margins.  Gross profit increased 7.2 percent in the first nine months of 2011 compared to the same period in 2010 due to increases in used equipment sales gross profit and financing gross profit.  Gross profit margin increased 0.1 points due to an improvement in

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financing and used equipment sales margins, partially offset by a shift in mix toward lower margin used equipment sales.

Pre-tax income decreased 4.0 percent to $481 million in the third quarter of 2011 versus the same period in 2010. The decrease was primarily driven by higher financing receivables provisions of $34 million, partially offset by the increase in gross profit of $14 million. The increase in financing receivables provisions was primarily driven by the change in specific reserve requirements. Pre-tax income increased 7.6 percent to $1,497 million in the first nine months of 2011 versus the same period in 2010. The increase was driven by the increase in gross profit of $135 million, partially offset by an increase in total expenses of $29 million.  Normalizing for $2 million of workforce rebalancing charges in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively, pre-tax income increased 7.6 percent for the first nine months of 2011 versus the prior year period.

Pre-tax margins of 48.2 percent and 48.6 percent, decreased 4.0 points and increased 0.3 points, versus the third quarter and first nine months of 2010, respectively. Pre-tax margins on a normalized basis were 48.7 percent and 48.4 percent for the first nine months of 2011 and 2010, respectively.

The decrease in return on equity for the third quarter of 2011 compared to the same period in 2010 was driven by lower after-tax income and a higher average equity balance. The increase in return on equity for the first nine months of 2011 compared to the same period in 2010 was driven by higher after-tax income.

Financial Condition

Balance Sheet

	At September 30,		At December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2011		2010
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,292	$	1,353
Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases	8,993		9,370
Equipment under operating leases:
External clients (a)	1,665		1,827
Internal clients (b) (c)	277		500
Client loans	9,948		10,630
Total client financing assets	20,883		22,326
Commercial financing receivables	5,064		6,819
Intercompany financing receivables(b) (c)	4,271		4,204
Other receivables	304		321
Other assets	868		790
Total assets	$	32,682	$	35,813
Intercompany payables(b)	$	3,705	$	6,717
Debt(d)	22,787		22,823
Other liabilities	2,970		3,016
Total liabilities	29,462		32,557
Total equity	3,219		3,256
Total liabilities and equity	$	32,682	$	35,813

(a) Includes intercompany mark-up, priced on an arms-length basis, on products purchased from the company’s product divisions, which is eliminated in IBM’s consolidated results.

(b) Entire amount eliminated for purposes of IBM’s consolidated results and therefore does not appear on pages 4 and 5.

(c) These assets, along with all other financing assets in this table, are leveraged at the value in the table using Global Financing debt.

(d) Global Financing debt is comprised of intercompany loans and external debt. A portion of Global Financing debt is in support of the company’s internal business, or related to intercompany mark-up embedded in the Global Financing assets.  See table on page 71.

Sources and Uses of Funds

The primary use of funds in Global Financing is to originate client and commercial financing assets. Client financing assets for end users consist primarily of IBM systems, software and services, but also include non-IBM equipment, software and services to meet IBM clients’ total solutions requirements. Client financing assets are primarily sales-type, direct financing and operating leases for systems products, as well as loans for systems, software and services with terms generally from two to seven years. Global Financing’s client loans are primarily for software and services and are unsecured. These loans are subjected to additional credit analysis to evaluate the associated risk and, when deemed necessary, actions are taken

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to mitigate risks in the loan agreements which include covenants to protect against credit deterioration during the life of the obligation. Client financing also includes internal activity as described on page 23 of the 2010 IBM Annual Report.

Commercial financing receivables arise primarily from inventory and accounts receivable financing for dealers and remarketers of IBM and non-IBM products. Payment terms for inventory financing and accounts receivable financing generally range from 30 to 90 days.  These short-term receivables are primarily unsecured and are also subjected to additional credit analysis in order to evaluate the associated risk.

At September 30, 2011, substantially all financing assets are IT related assets, and approximately 65 percent of the external portfolio is with investment grade clients with no direct exposure to consumers or mortgage assets.

Originations

The following are total external and internal financing originations:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2011		2010		2011		2010
Client financing:
External	$	2,870	$	2,684	$	9,304	$	7,660
Internal	0		52		0		116
Commercial financing	8,285		7,855		24,336		22,089
Total	$	11,156	$	10,592	$	33,641	$	29,865

Cash collections of both commercial and client financing assets exceeded new financing originations, which resulted in a net decline in financing assets in the third quarter of 2011 from June 30, 2011.  Cash collections of both commercial and client financing assets also exceeded new financing originations in the first nine months of 2011, which resulted in a net decline in financing assets from December 31, 2010. The increase in originations in both periods in the table above was due to improving volumes in client and commercial financing.

Cash generated by Global Financing was primarily deployed to pay the intercompany payables and dividends to IBM.

Global Financing Receivables and Allowances

The following table presents external financing receivables excluding residual values and the allowance for credit losses:

	At September 30,			At December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010
Gross financing receivables	$	23,608		$	26,565
Specific allowance for credit losses	234			305
Unallocated allowance for credit losses	69			96
Total allowance for credit losses	303			401
Net financing receivables	$	23,304		$	26,164
Allowance for credit losses coverage rate	1.3		%	1.5		%

Roll-Forward of Financing Receivables Allowance for Credit Losses (includes current and noncurrent financing receivables)

					Additions/
					(Reductions)
(Dollars in millions)		Allowance			Bad Debt						September 30,
January 1, 2011		Used *			Expense			Other**			2011
$	401	$	(71	)	$	(25	)	$	(2	)	$	303

*   Represents reserved receivables, net of recoveries, which were disposed of during the period.

** Primarily represents translation adjustments.

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Global Financing receivables reserve coverage decreased from 1.5 percent at December 31, 2010 to 1.3 percent at September 30, 2011, primarily due to the disposition of receivables previously reserved.  Specific reserves decreased 23 percent from $305 million at December 31, 2010 to $234 million at September 30, 2011.  Unallocated reserves decreased $27 million from $96 million at December 31, 2010 to $69 million at September 30, 2011 primarily due to the decline in gross financing receivables.

Global Financing’s bad debt expense was a decrease of $25 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010.  In the third quarter of 2011, compared to the third quarter of 2010, bad debt expense increased $34 million. The increase in bad debt expense was attributed to the change in specific reserve requirements.

Residual Value

Residual value is a risk unique to the financing business and management of this risk is dependent upon the ability to accurately project future equipment values at lease inception.  Global Financing has insight into product plans and cycles for the IBM products under lease.  Based upon this product information, Global Financing continually monitors projections of future equipment values and compares them with the residual values reflected in the portfolio.

Global Financing optimizes the recovery of residual values by selling assets sourced from end of lease, leasing used equipment to new clients, or extending lease arrangements with current clients. Sales of equipment, which are primarily sourced from equipment returned at the end of a lease, represented 45.8 percent and 46.8 percent of Global Financing’s revenue in the third quarter and first nine months, respectively, of 2011 and 45.5 percent and 44.2 percent in the third quarter and first nine months, respectively, of 2010.  The gross profit margins on these sales were 52.0 percent and 54.8 percent in the third quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by lower external sales margins. The gross profit margins were 54.4 percent and 53.8 percent for the first nine months of 2011 and 2010, respectively.  The increase was driven by a shift in mix toward higher margin internal sales, partially offset by decreases in both external and internal sales margins.

The following table presents the recorded amount of unguaranteed residual value for sales-type, direct financing and operating leases at January 1, 2011 and September 30, 2011. In addition, the table presents the residual value as a percentage of the related original amount financed and a run out of when the unguaranteed residual value assigned to equipment on leases at September 30, 2011 is expected to be returned to the company. In addition to the unguaranteed residual value below, on a limited basis, Global Financing will obtain guarantees of the future value of the equipment to be returned at end of lease. While primarily focused on IBM products, guarantees are also obtained for certain OEM products.These third-party guarantees are included in minimum lease payments as provided for by accounting standards in the determination of lease classifications for the covered equipment and provide protection against risk of loss arising from declines in equipment values for these assets.  The residual value guarantee increases the minimum lease payments that are utilized in determining the classification of a lease as a sales-type lease, direct financing lease or operating lease. The aggregate asset values associated with the guarantees for sales-type leases were $125 million and $141 million for the financing transactions originated during the quarters ended September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, respectively, and $561 million and $356 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, respectively. The aggregate guaranteed future values at the scheduled end of lease were $9 million and $8 million for the financing transactions originated during the quarters ended September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, respectively, and $28 million and $20 million for the financing transactions originated during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, respectively. The cost of guarantees was $0.9 million and $0.8 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, respectively and $2.8 million and $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, respectively.

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Unguaranteed Residual Value

	At			At September			Estimated Run Out of September 30, 2011 Balance
	January 1,			30,									2014 and
(Dollars in millions)	2011			2011			2011		2012		2013		Beyond
Sales-type and direct financing leases	$	871		$	738		$	55	$	196	$	194	$	294
Operating leases	328			301			60		93		90		58
Total unguaranteed residual value	$	1,199		$	1,039		$	115	$	289	$	284	$	352
Related original amount financed	$	20,412		$	18,749
Percentage	5.9		%	5.5		%

Debt

	At September 30,		At December 31,
	2011		2010
Debt-to-equity ratio	7.1	x	7.0	x

The company funds Global Financing through borrowings using a debt-to-equity ratio target of approximately 7 to 1. The debt used to fund Global Financing assets is composed of intercompany loans and external debt. The terms of the intercompany loans are set by the company to substantially match the term and currency underlying the financing receivable and are based on arm’s-length pricing. Both assets and debt are presented in the Global Financing balance sheet on page 68.

Global Financing provides funding predominantly for the company’s external clients assets, as well as for assets under contract by other IBM units. As previously stated, the company measures Global Financing as a standalone entity, and accordingly, interest expense relating to debt supporting Global Financing’s external client and internal business is included in the “Global Financing Results of Operations” on page 67 and in Segment Information on pages 24 to 26.

In the company’s Consolidated Statement of Earnings on page 3, however, the external debt-related interest expense supporting Global Financing’s internal financing to the company is reclassified from cost of financing to interest expense.

The following table provides additional information on total company debt. In this table, intercompany activity includes internal loans and leases at arm’s-length pricing in support of Global Services’ long-term contracts and other internal activity. The company believes these assets should be appropriately leveraged in line with the overall Global Financing business model.

(Dollars in Millions)	At September 30, 2011					At December 31, 2010
Global Financing Segment				$	22,787				$	22,823
Debt to support external clients	$	19,389				$	19,583
Debt to support internal clients	3,398					3,240
Non-Global Financing Segments				7,373					5,801
Debt supporting operations	10,771					9,041
Intercompany activity	(3,398		)			(3,240		)
Total company debt				$	30,160				$	28,624

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Global Financing is a segment of the company and therefore, is supported by the company’s overall liquidity position and access to capital markets. Cash generated by Global Financing was primarily deployed to pay intercompany payables and dividends to the company in order to maintain an appropriate debt-to-equity ratio.

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Return on Equity

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010			2011			2010
Numerator :
Global Financing after tax income*	$	321		$	329		$	996		$	918
Annualized after tax income (A)	$	1,284		$	1,314		$	1,328		$	1,224
Denominator :
Average Global Financing equity (B)**	$	3,276		$	3,054		$	3,295		$	3,117
Global Financing Return on Equity(A)/(B)	39.2		%	43.0		%	40.3		%	39.3		%

*Calculated based upon an estimated tax rate principally based on Global Financing’s geographic mix of earnings as IBM’s provision for income taxes is determined on a consolidated basis.

**Average of the ending equity for Global Financing for the last 2 quarters and 4 quarters, for the three months ended September 30, and for the nine months ended September 30, respectively.

Looking Forward

Global Financing’s financial position provides flexibility and funding capacity which enables the company to be well positioned in the current environment. Global Financing’s assets and new financing volumes are primarily IBM products and services financed to the company’s clients and business partners, and substantially all financing assets are IT related assets which provide a stable base of business for future growth. Global Financing’s offerings are competitive and available to clients as a result of the company’s borrowing cost and access to the capital markets. Overall, Global Financing’s originations will be dependent upon the demand for IT products and services as well as client participation rates.

IBM continues to access both the short-term commercial paper market and the medium- and long-term debt markets.  A protracted period where IBM could not access the capital markets would likely lead to a slowdown in originations.

Interest rates and the overall economy (including currency fluctuations) will have an effect on both revenue and gross profit. The company’s interest rate risk management policy, however, combined with the Global Financing pricing strategy should mitigate gross margin erosion due to changes in interest rates.

The economy could impact the credit quality of the Global Financing receivables portfolio and therefore the level of provision for credit losses. Global Financing will continue to apply rigorous credit policies in both the origination of new business and the evaluation of the existing portfolio.

As discussed on page 70, Global Financing has historically been able to manage residual value risk both through insight into the company’s product cycles, as well as through its remarketing business.

Global Financing has policies in place to manage each of the key risks involved in financing. These policies, combined with product and client knowledge, should allow for the prudent management of the business going forward, even during periods of uncertainty with respect to the global economy.

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GAAP Reconciliation

The tables below provide a reconciliation of the company’s income statement results as reported under GAAP to its operating earnings presentation which is a non-GAAP measure. The company’s calculation of operating earnings, as presented, may differ from similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Please refer to the “Snapshot” section beginning on page 37 for the company’s rationale for presenting operating earnings information.

(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)For the three months ended September 30, 2011	GAAP			Acquisition-related adjustments			Retirement-related adjustments			Operating (Non-GAAP)
Gross profit	$	12,173		$	87		$	(7	)	$	12,253
Gross profit margin	46.5		%	0.3		pts.	0.0		pts.	46.8		%
S,G&A	$	5,662		$	(75	)	$	(0	)	$	5,587
R,D&E	1,546			0			22			1,568
Other (income) and expense	128			(18		)	0			111
Total expense and other (income)	7,146			(92		)	21			7,075
Pre-tax income	5,027			180			(29		)	5,178
Pre-tax income margin	19.2		%	0.7		pts.	(0.1		)pts.	19.8		%
Provision for income taxes	$	1,188		$	47		$	(11	)	$	1,224
Effective tax rate	23.6		%	0.1		pts.	(0.1		)pts.	23.6		%
Net income	$	3,839		$	133		$	(17	)	$	3,954
Net income margin	14.7		%	0.5		pts.	(0.1		)pts.	15.1		%
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.19		$	0.11		$	(0.1	)	$	3.28

(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)For the three months ended September 30, 2010	GAAP			Acquisition-related adjustments			Retirement-related adjustments			Operating (Non-GAAP)
Gross profit	$	11,001		$	65		$	(53	)	$	11,013
Gross profit margin	45.3		%	0.3		pts.	(0.2		)pts.	45.4		%
S,G&A	$	5,149		$	(76	)	$	20		$	5,094
R,D&E	1,464			0			31			1,495
Other (income) and expense	(106		)	1			0			(105		)
Total expense and other (income)	6,324			(75		)	51			6,301
Pre-tax income	4,677			139			(104		)	4,712
Pre-tax income margin	19.3		%	0.6		pts.	(0.4		)pts.	19.4		%
Provision for income taxes	$	1,088		$	34		$	(38	)	$	1,084
Effective tax rate	23.3		%	0.0		pts.	(0.3		)pts.	23.0		%
Net income	$	3,589		$	105		$	(66	)	$	3,628
Net income margin	14.8		%	0.4		pts.	(0.3		)pts.	14.9		%
Diluted earnings per share	$	2.82		$	0.08		$	(0.05	)	$	2.85

(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)For the nine months ended September 30, 2011	GAAP			Acquisition-related adjustments			Retirement-related adjustments			Operating (Non-GAAP)
Gross profit	$	35,416		$	259		$	12		$	35,687
Gross profit margin	45.7		%	0.3		pts.	0.0		pts.	46.1		%
S,G&A	$	17,518		$	(226	)	$	(16	)	$	17,276
R,D&E	4,703			0			65			4,768
Other (income) and expense	23			(23		)	0			1
Total expense and other (income)	21,687			(249		)	49			21,487
Pre-tax income	13,729			508			(37		)	14,200
Pre-tax income margin	17.7		%	0.7		pts.	(0.0		)pts.	18.3		%
Provision for income taxes	$	3,364		$	132		$	(17	)	$	3,479
Effective tax rate	24.5		%	0.1		pts.	(0.1		)pts.	24.5		%
Net income	$	10,365		$	376		$	(20	)	$	10,721
Net income margin	13.4		%	0.5		pts.	0.0		pts.	13.8		%
Diluted earnings per share	$	8.48		$	0.31		$	(0.02	)	$	8.77

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(Dollars in millions except per share amounts) For the nine months ended September 30, 2010	GAAP			Acquisition-related adjustments			Retirement-related adjustments			Operating (Non-GAAP)
Gross profit	$	31,787		$	178		$	(144	)	$	31,820
Gross profit margin	44.9		%	0.3		pts.	(0.2		)pts.	44.9		%
S,G&A	$	15,886		$	(199	)	$	56		$	15,744
R,D&E	4,448			0			93			4,541
Other (income) and expense	(746		)	(2		)	0			(747		)
Total expense and other (income)	19,019			(200		)	149			18,968
Pre-tax income	12,767			378			(293		)	12,853
Pre-tax income margin	18.0		%	0.5		pts.	(0.4		)pts.	18.1		%
Provision for income taxes	$	3,192		$	106		$	(114	)	$	3,184
Effective tax rate	25.0		%	0.1		pts.	(0.3		)pts.	24.8		%
Net income	$	9,576		$	272		$	(179	)	$	9,669
Net income margin	13.5		%	0.4		pts.	(0.3		)pts.	13.6		%
Diluted earnings per share	$	7.38		$	0.21		$	(0.14	)	$	7.45

The tax impact on operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income is calculated under the same accounting principles applied to the GAAP pre-tax income which employs an annual effective tax rate method to the results.

Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements

Except for the historical information and discussions contained herein, statements contained in this release may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on the company’s current assumptions regarding future business and financial performance. These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, including the following: a downturn in economic environment and corporate IT spending budgets; the company’s failure to meet growth and productivity objectives; a failure of the company’s innovation initiatives; risks from investing in growth opportunities; failure of the company’s intellectual property portfolio to prevent competitive offerings and the failure of the company to obtain necessary licenses; breaches of data security; fluctuations in financial results and purchases; impact of local legal, economic, political and health conditions; adverse effects from environmental matters, tax matters and the company’s pension plans; ineffective internal controls; the company’s use of accounting estimates; the company’s ability to attract and retain key personnel and its reliance on critical skills; impacts of relationships with critical suppliers and business with government clients; currency fluctuations and customer financing risks; impact of changes in market liquidity conditions and customer credit risk on receivables; reliance on third party distribution channels; the company’s ability to successfully manage acquisitions and alliances; risk factors related to IBM securities; and other risks, uncertainties and factors discussed in the company’s Form 10-Q, Form 10-K and in the company’s other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or in materials incorporated therein by reference.  The company assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The company’s management evaluated, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. There has been no change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II — Other Information

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 14, “Contingencies,” on pages 32 to 35 of this Form 10-Q.

74

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds and Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information relating to the company’s repurchase of common stock for the third quarter of 2011.

					Approximate
					Dollar Value
				Total Number	of Shares that
	Total Number	Average		of Shares Purchased	May Yet Be
	of Shares	Price Paid		as Part of Publicly	Purchased Under
Period	Purchased	per Share		Announced Program	the Program(*)
July 1, 2011 — July 31, 2011	7,313,575	$	178.81	7,313,575	$	7,345,298,366
August 1, 2011 — August 31, 2011	6,526,717	$	169.17	6,526,717	$	6,241,156,979
September 1, 2011 — September 30, 2011	5,950,642	$	170.12	5,950,642	$	5,228,860,366
Total	19,790,934	$	173.02	19,790,934

* On October 26, 2010 and April 26, 2011, the Board of Directors authorized $10.0 billion and $8.0 billion, respectively, in funds for use in the company’s common stock repurchase program. The October 26, 2010 authorization was fully utilized in July 2011. In each case, the company stated that it would repurchase shares on the open market or in private transactions depending on market conditions and it expects to use cash from operations for the repurchases. The common stock repurchase program does not have an expiration date. This table does not include shares tendered to satisfy the exercise price in connection with cashless exercises of employee stock options or shares tendered to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with employee equity awards.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number

11	Statement re: computation of per share earnings.
12	Statement re: computation of ratios.
31.1	Certification by principal executive officer pursuant to Rule 13A-14(a) or 15D-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification by principal financial officer pursuant to Rule 13A-14(a) or 15D-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification by principal executive officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification by principal financial officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, (ii) the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, (iii) the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 and (iv) the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

75

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	International Business Machines Corporation
	(Registrant)
Date: October 25, 2011
	By:	/s/ James J. Kavanaugh
		James J. Kavanaugh
		Vice President and Controller

76

EX-11

EXHIBIT 11

COMPUTATION OF BASIC AND DILUTED

EARNINGS PER SHARE

(UNAUDITED)

	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2011		September 30, 2010
Number of shares on which basic earnings per share is calculated:
Weighted-average shares outstanding during period	1,188,597,825		1,255,219,188
Add — Incremental shares under stock compensation plans	13,524,442		14,960,648
Add — Incremental shares associated with contingently issuable shares	2,754,037		2,572,282
Number of shares on which diluted earnings per share is calculated	1,204,876,305		1,272,752,118
Net income on which basic earnings per share is calculated (millions)	$	3,839	$	3,589
Less — net income applicable to contingently issuable shares (millions)	—		—
Net income on which diluted earnings per share is calculated (millions)	$	3,839	$	3,589
Earnings per share of common stock:
Assuming dilution	$	3.19	$	2.82
Basic	$	3.23	$	2.86

Stock options to purchase 2,038 shares were outstanding as of September 30, 2010, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise price during the respective periods was greater than the average market price of the common shares and, therefore, the effect would have been antidilutive. There were no stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2011 that were considered antidilutive.

77

COMPUTATION OF BASIC AND DILUTED

EARNINGS PER SHARE

(UNAUDITED)

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2011		September 30, 2010
Number of shares on which basic earnings per share is calculated:
Weighted-average shares outstanding during period	1,205,193,081		1,278,342,335
Add — Incremental shares under stock compensation plans	14,452,890		16,479,905
Add — Incremental shares associated with contingently issuable shares	2,472,033		2,200,028
Number of shares on which diluted earnings per share is calculated	1,222,118,004		1,297,022,268
Net income on which basic earnings per share is calculated (millions)	$	10,365	$	9,576
Less — net income applicable to contingently issuable shares (millions)	—		0
Net income on which diluted earnings per share is calculated (millions)	$	10,365	$	9,576
Earnings per share of common stock:
Assuming dilution	$	8.48	$	7.38
Basic	$	8.60	$	7.49

Stock options to purchase 42,288 shares (average of first, second and third quarter share amounts) were outstanding as of September 30, 2010, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise price during the respective periods was greater than the average market price of the common shares and, therefore, the effect would have been antidilutive.  There were no stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2011 that were considered antidilutive.

78

EX-12

EXHIBIT 12

COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

FOR NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in millions)	2011		2010
Income before income taxes (1)	$	13,752	$	12,777
Add: Fixed charges, excluding capitalized interest	1,101		1,064
Income as adjusted before income taxes	$	14,853	$	13,841
Fixed charges:
Interest expense	$	721	$	688
Capitalized interest	7		5
Portion of rental expense representative of interest	380		376
Total fixed charges	$	1,108	$	1,069
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges	13.41		12.95

(1) Income from continuing operations before income taxes excludes (a) amortization of capitalized interest and (b) the company’s share in the income and losses of less-than-fifty percent-owned affiliates.

79

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(a) OR 15D-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Samuel J. Palmisano, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of International Business Machines Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 25, 2011

/s/ Samuel J. Palmisano

Samuel J. Palmisano

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

80

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(a) OR 15D-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Mark Loughridge, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of International Business Machines Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 25, 2011

/s/  Mark Loughridge

Mark Loughridge

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Finance
and Enterprise Transformation

81

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of International Business Machines Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2011 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Samuel J. Palmisano, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350, as adopted pursuant to ss. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Samuel J. Palmisano

Samuel J. Palmisano

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

October 25, 2011

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to IBM and will be retained by IBM and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

82

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of International Business Machines Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2011, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mark Loughridge, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Finance and Enterprise Transformation, of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350, as adopted pursuant to ss. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Mark Loughridge

Mark Loughridge

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Finance and
Enterprise Transformation

October 25, 2011

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to IBM and will be retained by IBM and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

83

XML

Acquisitions/Divestitures (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011 Y basispoint entity	Apr. 30, 2011 TRIRIGA, Inc.
Acquisitions:
Businesses acquired, number	1
Percentage of business acquired (as a percent)		100.00%

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (USD $) In Millions	Sep. 30, 2011		Dec. 31, 2010
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 11,303		$ 10,661
Marketable securities			990
Notes and accounts receivable - trade (net of allowances of $282 in 2011 and $324 in 2010)	9,719		10,834
Short-term financing receivables (net of allowances of $266 in 2011 and $342 in 2010)	14,145		16,257
Other accounts receivable (net of allowances of $11 in 2011 and $10 in 2010)	1,123		1,134
Inventories, at lower of average cost or market:
Finished goods	618		432
Work in process and raw materials	2,045		2,018
Total inventories	2,663		2,450
Deferred taxes	1,247		1,564
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,172		4,226
Total current assets	45,373	[1]	48,116
Plant, rental machines and other property	40,139		40,289
Less: Accumulated depreciation	26,252		26,193
Plant, rental machines and other property - net	13,887		14,096
Long-term financing receivables (net of allowances of $37 in 2011 and $58 in 2010)	9,830		10,548
Prepaid pension assets	5,131		3,068
Deferred taxes	2,570		3,220
Goodwill	24,913		25,136
Intangible assets - net	3,033		3,488
Investments and sundry assets	5,422		5,778
Total assets	110,158	[1]	113,452	[1]
Current liabilities:
Taxes	2,360		4,216
Short-term debt	6,071		6,778
Accounts payable	7,093		7,804
Compensation and benefits	4,826		5,028
Deferred income	11,252		11,580
Other accrued expenses and liabilities	4,426		5,156
Total current liabilities	36,028		40,562
Long-term debt	24,089		21,846
Retirement and nonpension postretirement benefit obligations	15,375		15,978
Deferred income	3,634		3,666
Other liabilities	8,654		8,226
Total liabilities	87,781	[1]	90,279	[1]
IBM stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value $0.20 per share, and additional paid-in capital Shares authorized: 4,687,500,000 Shares issued: 2011 - 2,179,118,982 2010 - 2,161,800,054	47,558		45,418
Retained earnings	100,266		92,532
Treasury stock - at cost Shares: 2011 - 1,000,500,814 2010 - 933,806,510	(107,434)		(96,161)
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	(18,099)		(18,743)
Total IBM stockholders' equity	22,291		23,046
Noncontrolling interests	87		126
Total equity	22,378		23,172
Total liabilities and equity	$ 110,158	[1]	$ 113,452	[1]

[1] Amounts may not add due to rounding.

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (Parenthetical) (USD $) In Millions, except Share data	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
Notes and accounts receivable - trade, allowances	$ 282	$ 324
Short-term financing receivables, allowances	266	342
Other accounts receivable, allowances	11	10
Long-term financing receivables, allowances	$ 37	$ 58
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.20	$ 0.20
Common stock, Shares authorized (in shares)	4,687,500,000	4,687,500,000
Common stock, Shares issued (in shares)	2,179,118,982	2,161,800,054
Treasury stock, Shares (in shares)	1,000,500,814	933,806,510

XML

Intangible Assets Including Goodwill (Details 2) (USD $) In Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011
Future amortization expense, by year
2011 (for Q4)	$ 288
2012	981
2013	710
2014	415
2015	265
Capitalized software
Future amortization expense, by year
2011 (for Q4)	145
2012	424
2013	194
2014	42
Acquired intangibles
Future amortization expense, by year
2011 (for Q4)	143
2012	557
2013	515
2014	374
2015	$ 265

XML

Financial Instruments (excluding derivatives) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Financial Instruments (excluding derivatives)

Debt and marketable equity securities available-for-sale and recorded at fair value

			Gross		Gross
(Dollars in millions)	Adjusted		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
At September 30, 2011	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	3,602	$	—	$	(0	)	$	3,602
Commercial paper	2,794		—		(0		)	2,794
Money market funds	319		—		—			319
U.S. government securities	1,110		—		—			1,110
Other securities	40		—		—			40
Total	$	7,864	$	—	$	(0	)	$	7,864
Debt securities — noncurrent(2)
Other securities	$	7	$	1	$	—		$	8
Total	$	7	$	1	$	—		$	8
Available-for-sale equity investments(2)	$	57	$	19	$	(2	)	$	74

(1) Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

(2) Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

			Gross		Gross
(Dollars in millions)	Adjusted		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
At December 31, 2010	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	2,473	$	—	$	(0	)	$	2,473
Commercial paper	2,673		—		(0		)	2,673
Money market funds	1,532		—		—			1,532
Foreign government securities	1,054		—		—			1,054
U.S. government securities	44		0		(0		)	44
U.S. government agency securities	22		0		(0		)	22
Other securities	3		—		—			3
Total	$	7,801	$	0	$	(0	)	$	7,801
Debt securities — current(2)
Commercial paper	$	490	$	—	$	(0	)	$	490
U.S. government securities	500		—		(0		)	500
Other securities	1		—		(0		)	1
Total	$	990	$	—	$	(0	)	$	990
Debt securities — noncurrent(3)
Other securities	$	6	$	1	$	(0	)	$	7
Total	$	6	$	1	$	(0	)	$	7
Available-for-sale equity investments(3)	$	194	$	264	$	(0	)	$	458

(1) Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

(2) Reported as marketable securities within the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

(3) Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Unrealized holding gains/(losses) on available-for-sale debt and marketable equity securities

(Dollars in millions)
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	$	(9	)	$	56
Net unrealized (gains)/losses reclassified to net income*	0			0

* Includes writedowns of $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

(Dollars in millions)
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	$	(12	)	$	50
Net unrealized (gains)/losses reclassified to net income*	(142		)	0

* Includes writedowns of $0.2 million and $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

XML

Document and Entity Information	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011
Document and Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0000051143
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2011
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	1,178,618,168
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2011
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3

XML

Equity Activity (Details) (USD $) In Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010
Equity
Equity, beginning balance			$ 23,172	$ 22,755
Net income	3,839	3,589	10,365	9,576	[1]
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,592)	1,409	(668)	327
Net change in retirement-related benefit plans	300	167	1,241	559
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on marketable securities	(9)	56	(154)	50
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedge derivatives	312	(599)	225	416
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(989)	1,032	645	1,352
Net income plus other comprehensive income/(loss)	2,850	4,621	11,010	10,927
Cash dividends declared - common stock			(2,593)	(2,369)
Stock transactions related to employee plans - net			2,293	2,870
Other treasury shares purchased - not retired			(11,465)	(11,827)
Changes in noncontrolling interests			(40)	2
Equity, ending balance	22,378	22,359	22,378	22,359
Total IBM Stockholders' Equity
Equity
Equity, beginning balance			23,046	22,637
Net income			10,365	9,576
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - net of tax
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax			645	1,352
Cash dividends declared - common stock			(2,593)	(2,369)
Stock transactions related to employee plans - net			2,293	2,870
Other treasury shares purchased - not retired			(11,465)	(11,827)
Equity, ending balance	22,291	22,238	22,291	22,238
Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital
Equity
Equity, beginning balance			45,418	41,810
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - net of tax
Stock transactions related to employee plans - net			2,139	2,518
Equity, ending balance	47,558	44,328	47,558	44,328
Retained Earnings
Equity
Equity, beginning balance			92,532	80,900
Net income			10,365	9,576
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - net of tax
Cash dividends declared - common stock			(2,593)	(2,369)
Stock transactions related to employee plans - net			(38)	(11)
Equity, ending balance	100,266	88,095	100,266	88,095
Treasury Stock
Equity
Equity, beginning balance			(96,161)	(81,243)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - net of tax
Stock transactions related to employee plans - net			192	362
Other treasury shares purchased - not retired			(11,465)	(11,827)
Equity, ending balance	(107,434)	(92,707)	(107,434)	(92,707)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Equity
Equity, beginning balance			(18,743)	(18,830)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - net of tax
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax			645	1,352
Equity, ending balance	(18,099)	(17,479)	(18,099)	(17,479)
Non-controlling Interests
Equity
Equity, beginning balance			126	118
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - net of tax
Changes in noncontrolling interests			(40)	2
Equity, ending balance	$ 87	$ 121	$ 87	$ 121

[1] Amounts may not add due to rounding.

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation cost included in Consolidated Statement of Earnings

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010			2011			2010
Cost	$	35		$	23		$	81		$	72
Selling, general and administrative	116			118			372			366
Research, development and engineering	15			12			45			36
Other (income) and expense*	—			—			—			(1		)
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost	166			153			498			474
Income tax benefits	(57		)	(57		)	(177		)	(174		)
Total stock-based compensation cost	$	109		$	96		$	321		$	300

* Reflects the one-time effects of the sale of the Product Lifecycle Management activities in 2010.

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Segments (Details) (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010
Segment Information
Pre-tax income	$ 5,027	$ 4,677	$ 13,729	$ 12,767	[1]
Total revenue	26,157	24,271	77,430	70,852	[1]
Total segments
Segment Information
External revenue	25,974	24,072	76,866	70,253
Internal revenue	1,989	1,917	6,148	5,627
Total revenue, reportable segments	27,963	25,990	83,015	75,880
Pre-tax income	5,484	4,968	15,118	13,514
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent)	7.60%		9.40%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change (as a percent)	10.40%		11.90%
Pre-tax income margin (as a percent)	19.60%	19.10%	18.20%	17.80%
Global Technology Services
Segment Information
External revenue	10,322	9,496	30,427	28,036
Internal revenue	316	362	943	1,014
Total revenue, reportable segments	10,638	9,857	31,370	29,050
Pre-tax income	1,695	1,506	4,353	3,863
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent)	7.90%		8.00%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change (as a percent)	12.50%		12.70%
Pre-tax income margin (as a percent)	15.90%	15.30%	13.90%	13.30%
Global Business Services
Segment Information
External revenue	4,832	4,572	14,407	13,465
Internal revenue	199	199	604	599
Total revenue, reportable segments	5,031	4,771	15,012	14,064
Pre-tax income	775	687	2,166	1,811
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent)	5.50%		6.70%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change (as a percent)	12.80%		19.60%
Pre-tax income margin (as a percent)	15.40%	14.40%	14.40%	12.90%
Software
Segment Information
External revenue	5,817	5,151	17,295	15,447
Internal revenue	804	728	2,425	2,176
Total revenue, reportable segments	6,621	5,879	19,720	17,623
Pre-tax income	2,214	1,978	6,260	6,167
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent)	12.60%		11.90%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change (as a percent)	12.00%		1.50%
Pre-tax income margin (as a percent)	33.40%	33.60%	31.70%	35.00%
Systems and Technology
Segment Information
External revenue	4,482	4,325	13,182	11,696
Internal revenue	190	196	652	572
Total revenue, reportable segments	4,672	4,521	13,834	12,267
Pre-tax income	318	295	843	283
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent)	3.30%		12.80%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change (as a percent)	7.80%		197.90%
Pre-tax income margin (as a percent)	6.80%	6.50%	6.10%	2.30%
Global Financing
Segment Information
External revenue	520	529	1,555	1,610
Internal revenue	480	432	1,524	1,267
Total revenue, reportable segments	999	961	3,078	2,877
Pre-tax income	481	502	1,497	1,391
Revenue year-to-year change (as a percent)	4.00%		7.00%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change (as a percent)	(4.00%)		7.60%
Pre-tax income margin (as a percent)	48.20%	52.20%	48.60%	48.30%
Eliminations/other
Segment Information
External revenue	(1,806)	(1,718)	(5,585)	(5,028)
Pre-tax income	(306)	(256)	(918)	(662)
Not allocated to segments
Segment Information
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	(158)	(127)	(476)	(355)
Acquisition related charges	(21)	(13)	(32)	(23)
Non-operating retirement-related costs	$ 29	$ 104	$ 37	$ 293

[1] Amounts may not add due to rounding.

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

7. Stock-Based Compensation: Stock-based compensation cost is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized over the employee requisite service period.  The following table presents total stock-based compensation cost included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010			2011			2010
Cost	$	35		$	23		$	81		$	72
Selling, general and administrative	116			118			372			366
Research, development and engineering	15			12			45			36
Other (income) and expense*	—			—			—			(1		)
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost	166			153			498			474
Income tax benefits	(57		)	(57		)	(177		)	(174		)
Total stock-based compensation cost	$	109		$	96		$	321		$	300

* Reflects the one-time effects of the sale of the Product Lifecycle Management activities in 2010.

The increase in pre-tax stock-based compensation cost for the three months ended September 30, 2011, as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was primarily due to an increase related to the company’s assumption of stock-based awards previously issued by acquired entities ($2 million) and increases related to restricted stock units ($11 million). The increase in pre-tax stock-based compensation cost for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was primarily due to an increase related to the company’s assumption of stock-based awards previously issued by acquired entities ($21 million) and increases related to restricted stock units ($6 million), partially offset by a reduction related to stock options ($3 million).

As of September 30, 2011, the total unrecognized compensation cost of $1,455 million related to non-vested awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately three years.

There were no significant capitalized stock-based compensation costs at September 30, 2011 and 2010.

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Segments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Segments

Segment Information

	Global Services
	Global Technology			Global Business						Systems and			Global			Total
(Dollars in millions)	Services			Services			Software			Technology			Financing			Segments
For the three months ended September 30, 2011:
External revenue	$	10,322		$	4,832		$	5,817		$	4,482		$	520		$	25,974
Internal revenue	316			199			804			190			480			1,989
Total revenue	$	10,638		$	5,031		$	6,621		$	4,672		$	999		$	27,963
Pre-tax income	$	1,695		$	775		$	2,214		$	318		$	481		$	5,484
Revenue year-to-year change	7.9		%	5.5		%	12.6		%	3.3		%	4.0		%	7.6		%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change	12.5		%	12.8		%	12.0		%	7.8		%	(4.0		)%	10.4		%
Pre-tax income margin	15.9		%	15.4		%	33.4		%	6.8		%	48.2		%	19.6		%
For the three months ended September 30, 2010:
External revenue	$	9,496		$	4,572		$	5,151		$	4,325		$	529		$	24,072
Internal revenue	362			199			728			196			432			1,917
Total revenue	$	9,857		$	4,771		$	5,879		$	4,521		$	961		$	25,990
Pre-tax income*	$	1,506		$	687		$	1,978		$	295		$	502		$	4,968
Pre-tax income margin*	15.3		%	14.4		%	33.6		%	6.5		%	52.2		%	19.1		%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

	Global Services
	Global Technology			Global Business						Systems and			Global			Total
(Dollars in millions)	Services			Services			Software			Technology			Financing			Segments
For the nine months ended September 30, 2011:
External revenue	$	30,427		$	14,407		$	17,295		$	13,182		$	1,555		$	76,866
Internal revenue	943			604			2,425			652			1,524			6,148
Total revenue	$	31,370		$	15,012		$	19,720		$	13,834		$	3,078		$	83,015
Pre-tax income	$	4,353		$	2,166		$	6,260		$	843		$	1,497		$	15,118
Revenue year-to-year change	8.0		%	6.7		%	11.9		%	12.8		%	7.0		%	9.4		%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change	12.7		%	19.6		%	1.5		%	197.9		%	7.6		%	11.9		%
Pre-tax income margin	13.9		%	14.4		%	31.7		%	6.1		%	48.6		%	18.2		%
For the nine months ended September 30, 2010:
External revenue	$	28,036		$	13,465		$	15,447		$	11,696		$	1,610		$	70,253
Internal revenue	1,014			599			2,176			572			1,267			5,627
Total revenue	$	29,050		$	14,064		$	17,623		$	12,267		$	2,877		$	75,880
Pre-tax income*	$	3,863		$	1,811		$	6,167		$	283		$	1,391		$	13,514
Pre-tax income margin*	13.3		%	12.9		%	35.0		%	2.3		%	48.3		%	17.8		%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

Revenue and pre-tax income reconciliations to IBM as Reported

(Dollars in millions)
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010*
Revenue:
Total reportable segments	$	27,963		$	25,990
Eliminations/other	(1,806		)	(1,718		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	26,157		$	24,271
Pre-tax income:
Total reportable segments	$	5,484		$	4,968
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	(158		)	(127		)
Acquisition related charges	(21		)	(13		)
Non-operating retirement-related costs	29			104
Eliminations/other	(306		)	(256		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	5,027		$	4,677

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

(Dollars in millions)
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010*
Revenue:
Total reportable segments	$	83,015		$	75,880
Eliminations/other	(5,585		)	(5,028		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	77,430		$	70,852
Pre-tax income:
Total reportable segments	$	15,118		$	13,514
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	(476		)	(355		)
Acquisition related charges	(32		)	(23		)
Non-operating retirement-related costs	37			293
Eliminations/other	(918		)	(662		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	13,729		$	12,767

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

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Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011 Y basispoint entity country	Dec. 31, 2010
Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent features	$ 90	$ 363
Collateral posted for derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent features		9
Maximum spread on credit default swap agreements before full overnight collateralization is required (in basis points)	250
Liabilities included in master netting arrangements	336	475
Collateral received for derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent features	469	88
Cash collateral related to all applicable derivative instruments recorded in other receivables		9
Amounts recognized in accounts payable for the obligation to return cash collateral	469	88
Cash collateral rehypothecated		9
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Assets	1,391	1,099
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Liabilities	3,282	3,576
Interest rate contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Assets	26	33
Foreign exchange contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Assets	358	224
Foreign exchange contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Assets	101	242
Equity contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Assets	7	12
Interest rate contracts | Investments and sundry assets | Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Assets	870	514
Foreign exchange contracts | Investments and sundry assets | Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Assets	4	22
Foreign exchange contracts | Investments and sundry assets | Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Assets	26	51
Foreign exchange contracts | Other accrued expenses and liabilities | Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Liabilities	363	498
Foreign exchange contracts | Other accrued expenses and liabilities | Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Liabilities	60	370
Equity contracts | Other accrued expenses and liabilities | Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Liabilities	25	3
Foreign exchange contracts | Other liabilities. | Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Liabilities	112	135
Short term debt | Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Liabilities	808	823
Long term debt. | Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Liabilities	1,915	1,746
Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Assets	1,257	794
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Liabilities	475	633
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Assets	134	305
Fair value of total derivative instruments, Liabilities	$ 84	$ 373

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Financing Receivables (Details 3) (USD $) In Millions	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Financing Receivables on Non-accrual Status
Total Receivables	$ 161	$ 366
Lease receivables
Financing Receivables on Non-accrual Status
Total Receivables	66	101
Lease receivables | Major Markets
Financing Receivables on Non-accrual Status
Total Receivables	46	69
Lease receivables | Growth Markets
Financing Receivables on Non-accrual Status
Total Receivables	20	33
Client loan receivables
Financing Receivables on Non-accrual Status
Total Receivables	95	264
Client loan receivables | Major Markets
Financing Receivables on Non-accrual Status
Total Receivables	77	141
Client loan receivables | Growth Markets
Financing Receivables on Non-accrual Status
Total Receivables	$ 18	$ 123

XML

Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Derivative Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010

	Fair Value of Derivative Assets					Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
	Balance Sheet					Balance Sheet
(Dollars in millions)	Classification	9/30/2011		12/31/2010		Classification	9/30/2011		12/31/2010
Designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	26	$	33	Other accrued expenses and liabilities	$	—	$	—
	Investments and sundry assets	870		514		Other liabilities	—		—
Foreign exchange contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	358		224		Other accrued expenses and liabilities	363		498
	Investments and sundry assets	4		22		Other liabilities	112		135
Fair value of derivative assets		$	1,257	$	794	Fair value of derivative liabilities	$	475	$	633
Not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	101	$	242	Other accrued expenses and liabilities	$	60	$	370
	Investments and sundry assets	26		51		Other liabilities	—		—
Equity contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	7		12		Other accrued expenses and liabilities	25		3
Fair value of derivative assets		$	134	$	305	Fair value of derivative liabilities	$	84	$	373
Total debt designated as hedging instruments:
Short-term debt		N/A		N/A			$	808	$	823
Long-term debt		N/A		N/A			1,915		1,746
Total		$	1,391	$	1,099		$	3,282	$	3,576

N/A—not applicable

Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings

The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings

For the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
	Consolidated	Recognized on					Attributable to Risk
(Dollars in millions)	Statement of	Derivatives(1)					Being Hedged(2)
For the three months ended September 30:	Earnings Line Item	2011			2010		2011			2010
Derivative instruments in fair value hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Cost of financing	$	204		$	135	$	(166	)	$	(90	)
	Interest expense	141			86		(115		)	(58		)
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:(1)
Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) and expense	183			584		N/A			N/A
Equity contracts	SG&A expense	(100		)	76		N/A			N/A
Warrants	Other (income) and expense	10			—		N/A			N/A
Total		$	438		$	881	$	(281	)	$	(148	)

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income
													Ineffectiveness and
	Effective Portion					Consolidated	Effective Portion Reclassified						Amounts Excluded from
For the three months ended	Recognized in AOCI					Statement of	from AOCI to Earnings						Effectiveness Testing(3)
September 30:	2011		2010			Earnings Line Item	2011			2010			2011			2010
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	—	$	—		Interest expense	$	(2	)	$	(2	)	$	—		$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	295		(927		)	Other (income) and expense	(86		)	(5		)	(2		)	4
						Cost of sales	(60		)	1			—			—
						SG&A expense	(19		)	(2		)	—			—
Instruments in net investment hedges(4):
Foreign exchange contracts	237		(440		)	Interest expense	—			0			(4		)	1
Total	$	532	$	(1,367	)		$	(167	)	$	(7	)	$	(6	)	$	5

Note: AOCI represents Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity.

(1) The amount includes changes in clean fair values of the derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships and the periodic accrual for coupon payments required under these derivative contracts.

(2) The amount includes basis adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item recorded during the period and amortization of basis adjustments recorded on de-designated hedging relationships during the period.

(3) The amount of gain/(loss) recognized in income represents ineffectiveness on hedge relationships.

(4) Instruments in net investment hedges include derivative and non-derivative instruments.

The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings

For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
	Consolidated	Recognized on					Attributable to Risk
(Dollars in millions)	Statement of	Derivatives(1)					Being Hedged(2)
For the nine months ended September 30:	Earnings Line Item	2011			2010		2011			2010
Derivative instruments in fair value hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Cost of financing	$	263		$	382	$	(142	)	$	(251	)
	Interest expense	183			245		(99		)	(161		)
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:(1)
Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) and expense	388			279		N/A			N/A
Equity contracts	SG&A expense	(28		)	34		N/A			N/A
Warrants	Other (income) and expense	10			—		N/A			N/A
Total		$	816		$	940	$	(241	)	$	(412	)

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income
													Ineffectiveness and
	Effective Portion					Consolidated	Effective Portion Reclassified						Amounts Excluded from
For the nine months ended	Recognized in AOCI					Statement of	from AOCI to Earnings						Effectiveness Testing(3)
September 30:	2011			2010		Earnings Line Item	2011			2010			2011			2010
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	—		$	—	Interest expense	$	(6	)	$	(6	)	$	—		$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	(159		)	464		Other (income) and expense	(256		)	(19		)	(2		)	(3		)
						Cost of sales	(163		)	(81		)	—			—
						SG&A expense	(70		)	(46		)	—			—
Instruments in net investment hedges(4):
Foreign exchange contracts	(15		)	147		Interest expense	—			0			(10		)	1
Total	$	(174	)	$	611		$	(494	)	$	(152	)	$	(12	)	$	(2	)

Note: AOCI represents Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity.

(1) The amount includes changes in clean fair values of the derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships and the periodic accrual for coupon payments required under these derivative contracts.

(2) The amount includes basis adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item recorded during the period and amortization of basis adjustments recorded on de-designated hedging relationships during the period.

(3) The amount of gain/(loss) recognized in income represents ineffectiveness on hedge relationships.

(4) Instruments in net investment hedges include derivative and non-derivative instruments.

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Intangible Assets Including Goodwill

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Intangible Assets Including Goodwill

Intangible Assets Including Goodwill

12. Intangible Assets Including Goodwill:  The following table details the company’s intangible asset balances by major asset class:

	At September 30, 2011
(Dollars in millions)	Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Carrying
Intangible asset class	Amount		Amortization			Amount
Capitalized software	$	1,498	$	(693	)	$	805
Client-related	1,612		(711		)	901
Completed technology	2,122		(943		)	1,179
In-process R&D	22		(1		)	21
Patents/trademarks	216		(97		)	119
Other(a)	31		(23		)	8
Total	$	5,500	$	(2,467	)	$	3,033

	At December 31, 2010
(Dollars in millions)	Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Carrying
Intangible asset class	Amount		Amortization			Amount
Capitalized software	$	1,558	$	(726	)	$	831
Client-related	1,709		(647		)	1,062
Completed technology	2,111		(688		)	1,422
In-process R&D	21		(0		)	21
Patents/trademarks	211		(71		)	140
Other(a)	39		(28		)	11
Total	$	5,649	$	(2,161	)	$	3,488

(a)   Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary business processes, methodologies and systems.

The net carrying amount of intangible assets decreased $455 million during the first nine months of 2011, primarily due to amortization.  The aggregate intangible amortization expense was $307 million and $926 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2011 respectively, versus $289 million and $859 million for the third quarter and first nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively.  In addition, in the first nine months of 2011, the company retired $620 million of fully amortized intangible assets, impacting both the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization by this amount.

The amortization expense for each of the five succeeding years relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position is estimated to be the following at September 30, 2011:

	Capitalized		Acquired
(Dollars in millions)	Software		Intangibles		Total
2011 (for Q4)	$	145	$	143	$	288
2012	424		557		981
2013	194		515		710
2014	42		374		415
2015	—		265		265

The changes in the goodwill balances by reportable segment, for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2010 are as follows:

											Foreign
											Currency
					Purchase						Translation
(Dollars in millions)	Balance		Goodwill		Price						And Other			Balance
Segment	01/01/11		Additions		Adjustments			Divestitures			Adjustments			9/30/11
Global Business Services	$	4,329	$	13	$	0		$	(10	)	$	3		$	4,336
Global Technology Services	2,704		—		(1		)	(2		)	(58		)	2,643
Software	16,963		64		(7		)	—			(221		)	16,800
Systems and Technology	1,139		—		(5		)	—			0			1,134
Total	$	25,136	$	77	$	(13	)	$	(11	)	$	(276	)	$	24,913

										Foreign
										Currency
					Purchase					Translation
(Dollars in millions)	Balance		Goodwill		Price					And Other			Balance
Segment	01/01/10		Additions		Adjustments			Divestitures		Adjustments			12/31/10
Global Business Services	$	4,042	$	252	$	0		$	—	$	35		$	4,329
Global Technology Services	2,777		32		(1		)	—		(104		)	2,704
Software	12,605		4,095		(52		)	—		315			16,963
Systems and Technology	766		375		(1		)	—		(1		)	1,139
Total	$	20,190	$	4,754	$	(54	)	$	—	$	245		$	25,136

Purchase price adjustments recorded in the first nine months of 2011 and full year 2010 were related to acquisitions that were completed on or prior to December 31, 2010 or December 31, 2009, respectively, and were still subject to the measurement period that ends at the earlier of 12 months from the acquisition date or when information becomes available. There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded during the first nine months of 2011 or the full year of 2010 and the company has no accumulated impairment losses.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

3. Fair Value Measurements: Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Under this guidance, the company is required to classify certain assets and liabilities based on the following fair value hierarchy:

· Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets that are unadjusted and accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

· Level 2—Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and

· Level 3—Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable, including the company’s own assumptions in determining fair value.

The guidance requires the use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.

When available, the company uses unadjusted quoted market prices to measure the fair value and classifies such items within Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that use current market-based or independently sourced market parameters such as interest rates and currency rates. Items valued using internally generated models are classified according to the lowest level input or value driver that is significant to the valuation.

The determination of fair value considers various factors including interest rate yield curves and time value underlying the financial instruments. For derivatives and debt securities, the company uses a discounted cash flow analysis using discount rates commensurate with the duration of the instrument.

In determining the fair value of financial instruments, the company considers certain market valuation adjustments to the “base valuations” calculated using the methodologies described below for several parameters that market participants would consider in determining fair value:

· Counterparty credit risk adjustments are applied to financial instruments, taking into account the actual credit risk of a counterparty as observed in the credit default swap market to determine the true fair value of such an instrument.

· Credit risk adjustments are applied to reflect the company’s own credit risk when valuing all liabilities measured at fair value. The methodology is consistent with that applied in developing counterparty credit risk adjustments, but incorporates the company’s own credit risk as observed in the credit default swap market.

As an example, the fair value of derivatives is derived utilizing a discounted cash flow model that uses observable market inputs such as known notional value amounts, yield curves, spot and forward exchange rates as well as discount rates.

These inputs relate to liquid, heavily traded currencies with active markets which are available for the full term of the derivative.

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets include equity method investments that are recognized at fair value at the measurement date to the extent that they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. Certain assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis can be subject to nonrecurring fair value measurements. These assets include public cost method investments that are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. In the event of an other-than-temporary impairment of a financial investment, fair value is measured using a model described on page 8.

Non-financial assets such as property, plant and equipment, land, goodwill and intangible assets are also subject to nonrecurring fair value measurements if they are deemed to be impaired. The impairment models used for nonfinancial assets depend on the type of asset. See Note A, “Significant Accounting Policies,” on pages 68 to 79 in the company’s 2010 Annual Report for further information. There were no material impairments of non-financial assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Accounting guidance permits the measurement of eligible financial assets, financial liabilities and firm commitments at fair value, on an instrument-by-instrument basis, that are otherwise not permitted to be accounted for at fair value under other accounting standards. This election is irrevocable. The company does not apply the fair value option to any eligible assets or liabilities.

The following tables present the company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

(Dollars in millions)
At September 30, 2011	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	—	$	3,602	$	—	$	3,602
Commercial paper	—		2,794		—		2,794
Money market funds	319		—		—		319
U.S. government securities	—		1,110				1,110
Other securities	—		40		—		40
Total	319		7,545		—		7,864
Debt securities — noncurrent(2)	1		7		—		8
Available-for-sale equity investments(2)	61		13		—		74
Derivative assets(3)
Interest rate contracts	—		895		—		895
Foreign exchange contracts	—		489		—		489
Equity contracts	—		7		—		7
Total	—		1,391		—		1,391		(5)
Total assets	$	381	$	8,956	$	—	$	9,337	(5)
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities(4)
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	535	$	—	$	535
Equity contracts	—		25		—		25
Total liabilities	$	—	$	560	$	—	$	560	(5)

(1)	Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(2)	Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(3)	The gross balances of derivative assets contained within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at September 30, 2011 are $492 million and $900 million, respectively.
(4)	The gross balances of derivative liabilities contained within other accrued expenses and liabilities, and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at September 30, 2011 are $447 million and $112 million, respectively.
(5)	If derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement had been netted in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the total derivative asset and liability positions would have been reduced by $336 million each.

(Dollars in millions)
At December 31, 2010	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	—	$	2,473	$	—	$	2,473
Commercial paper	—		2,673		—		2,673
Money market funds	1,532		—		—		1,532
Foreign government securities	—		1,054		—		1,054
U.S. government securities	—		44		—		44
U.S. government agency securities	—		22		—		22
Other securities	—		3		—		3
Total	1,532		6,269		—		7,801
Debt securities — current(2)
Commercial paper	—		490		—		490
U.S. government securities	—		500		—		500
Other securities	—		1		—		1
Total	—		990		—		990
Debt securities — noncurrent(3)	1		6		—		7
Available-for-sale equity investments(3)	445		13		—		458
Derivative assets(4)
Interest rate contracts	—		548		—		548
Foreign exchange contracts	—		539		—		539
Equity contracts	—		12		—		12
Total	—		1,099		—		1,099		(6)
Total assets	$	1,978	$	8,377	$	—	$	10,355	(6)
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities(5)
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	1,003	$	—	$	1,003
Equity contracts	—		3		—		3
Total liabilities	$	—	$	1,006	$	—	$	1,006	(6)

(1)	Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(2)	Reported as marketable securities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(3)	Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(4)	The gross balances of derivative assets contained within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2010 are $511 million and $588 million, respectively.
(5)	The gross balances of derivative liabilities contained within other accrued expenses and liabilities, and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2010 are $871 million and $135 million, respectively.
(6)	If derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement had been netted in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the total derivative asset and liability positions would have been reduced by $475 million each.

There were no significant transfers between Levels 1 and 2 for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2010.

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Financial Instruments (excluding derivatives) (Details) (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011 country Y	Sep. 30, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011 Y basispoint entity country	Sep. 30, 2010	Dec. 31, 2010
Fair value of financial instruments, details:
Carrying amount of long-term debt	$ 24,089		$ 24,089		$ 21,846
Fair value of long-term debt	26,592		26,592		24,006
Debt and Marketable Equity Securities.
Cash and cash equivalents, Adjusted Cost	7,864		7,864		7,801
Cash and cash equivalents, gross unrealized gains					0
Cash and cash equivalents, gross unrealized losses	0		0		0
Debt securities - current, Adjusted Cost					990
Debt securities - current, gross unrealized losses					0
Debt securities - noncurrent, Adjusted Cost	7		7		6
Debt securities non-current gross unrealized gains	1		1		1
Debt securities non-current gross unrealized losses					0
Available-for-sale equity investments, Adjusted Cost	57		57		194
Available-for-sale equity investments, gross unrealized gains	19		19		264
Available-for-sale equity investments, gross unrealized losses	(2)		(2)		0
Cash and cash equivalents	7,864		7,864		7,801
Debt securities - current					990
Debt securities - noncurrent	8		8		7
Available-for-sale equity investments	74		74		458
Proceeds from sales of debt securities and marketable equity securities		1	402	14
Gross realized gains (before taxes) on sales of debt securities and marketable equity securities		1	232	5
Gross realized losses (before taxes) on sales of debt securities and marketable equity securities		1	1	1
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt and marketable securities
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	(9)	56	(12)	50
Net unrealized (gains)/losses reclassified to net income	0	0	(142)	0
Writedowns included in net income for the period	0.2	0.5	0.2	3.6
Contractual maturities of substantially all available-for-sale debt securities	1		1
Time deposits and certificates of deposit
Debt and Marketable Equity Securities.
Cash and cash equivalents, Adjusted Cost	3,602		3,602		2,473
Cash and cash equivalents, gross unrealized losses	0		0		0
Cash and cash equivalents	3,602		3,602		2,473
Commercial paper
Debt and Marketable Equity Securities.
Cash and cash equivalents, Adjusted Cost	2,794		2,794		2,673
Cash and cash equivalents, gross unrealized losses	0		0		0
Debt securities - current, Adjusted Cost					490
Debt securities - current, gross unrealized losses					0
Cash and cash equivalents	2,794		2,794		2,673
Debt securities - current					490
Money market funds
Debt and Marketable Equity Securities.
Cash and cash equivalents, Adjusted Cost	319		319		1,532
Cash and cash equivalents	319		319		1,532
Foreign government securities
Debt and Marketable Equity Securities.
Cash and cash equivalents, Adjusted Cost					1,054
Cash and cash equivalents					1,054
U.S. government securities
Debt and Marketable Equity Securities.
Cash and cash equivalents, Adjusted Cost	1,110		1,110		44
Cash and cash equivalents, gross unrealized gains					0
Cash and cash equivalents, gross unrealized losses					0
Debt securities - current, Adjusted Cost					500
Debt securities - current, gross unrealized losses					0
Cash and cash equivalents	1,110		1,110		44
Debt securities - current					500
U.S. government agency securities
Debt and Marketable Equity Securities.
Cash and cash equivalents, Adjusted Cost					22
Cash and cash equivalents, gross unrealized gains					0
Cash and cash equivalents, gross unrealized losses					0
Cash and cash equivalents					22
Other securities
Debt and Marketable Equity Securities.
Cash and cash equivalents, Adjusted Cost	40		40		3
Debt securities - current, Adjusted Cost					1
Debt securities - current, gross unrealized losses					0
Debt securities - noncurrent, Adjusted Cost	7		7		6
Debt securities non-current gross unrealized gains	1		1		1
Debt securities non-current gross unrealized losses					0
Cash and cash equivalents	40		40		3
Debt securities - current					1
Debt securities - noncurrent	$ 8		$ 8		$ 7

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Equity Activity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Equity Activity

Equity Activity

9. Equity Activity:

(Dollars in millions)	Common Stock and Additional Paid–in Capital		Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)			Total IBM Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity
Equity - January 1, 2011	$	45,418	$	92,532		$	(96,161	)	$	(18,743	)	$	23,046		$	126		$	23,172
Net income			10,365									10,365						10,365
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (total)									645			645						645
Cash dividends declared – common stock			(2,593		)							(2,593		)				(2,593		)
Stock transactions related to employee plans – net	2,139		(38		)	192						2,293						2,293
Other treasury shares purchased – not retired						(11,465		)				(11,465		)				(11,465		)
Changes in noncontrolling interests															(40		)	(40		)
Equity – September 30, 2011	$	47,558	$	100,266		$	(107,434	)	$	(8,099	)	$	22,291		$	87		$	22,378

(Dollars in millions)	Common Stock and Additional Paid–in Capital		Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)			Total IBM Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
Equity - January 1, 2010	$	41,810	$	80,900		$	(81,243	)	$	(18,830	)	$	22,637		$	118	$	22,755
Net income			9,576									9,576					9,576
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (total)									1, 352			1, 352					1,352
Cash dividends declared – common stock			(2,369		)							(2,369		)			(2,369		)
Stock transactions related to employee plans – net	2,518		(11		)	362						2,870					2,870
Other treasury shares purchased – not retired						(11,827		)				(11,827		)			(11,827		)
Changes in noncontrolling interests															2		2
Equity – September 30, 2010	$	44,328	$	88,095		$	(92,707	)	$	(17,479	)	$	22,238		$	121	$	22,359

The following table summarizes Net income plus other comprehensive income/(loss), a component of IBM stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010			2011			2010
Net income	$	3,839		$	3,589		$	10,365		$	9,576
Other comprehensive income/(loss) – net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,592		)	1,409			(668		)	327
Net change in retirement-related benefit plans	300			167			1,241			559
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on marketable securities	(9		)	56			(154		)	50
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedge derivatives	312			(599		)	225			416
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(989		)	1,032			645			1,352
Net income plus other comprehensive income/(loss)	$	2,850		$	4,621		$	11,010		$	10,927

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Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Contingencies

Contingencies

14. Contingencies: As a company with a substantial employee population and with clients in more than 170 countries, IBM is involved, either as plaintiff or defendant, in a variety of ongoing claims, demands, suits, investigations, tax matters and proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business. The company is a leader in the information technology industry and, as such, has been and will continue to be subject to claims challenging its IP rights and associated products and offerings, including claims of copyright and patent infringement and violations of trade secrets and other IP rights. In addition, the company enforces its own IP against infringement, through license negotiations, lawsuits or otherwise. Also, as is typical for companies of IBM’s scope and scale, the company is party to actions and proceedings in various jurisdictions involving a wide range of labor and employment issues (including matters related to contested employment decisions, country-specific labor and employment laws, and the company’s pension, retirement and other benefit plans), as well as actions with respect to contracts, product liability, securities, foreign operations, competition law and environmental matters. These actions may be commenced by a number of different parties, including competitors, partners, clients, current or former employees, government and regulatory agencies, stockholders and representatives of the locations in which the company does business. Some of the actions to which the company is party may involve particularly complex technical issues, and some actions may raise novel questions under the laws of the various jurisdictions in which these matters arise.

The company records a provision with respect to a claim, suit, investigation or proceeding when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Any recorded liabilities, including any changes to such liabilities for the quarter ended September 30, 2011, were not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In accordance with the relevant accounting guidance, the company provides disclosures of matters for which the likelihood of material loss is at least reasonably possible. In addition, the company also discloses matters based on its consideration of other matters and qualitative factors, including the experience of other companies in the industry, and investor, customer and employee relations considerations.

With respect to certain of the claims, suits, investigations and proceedings discussed herein, the company believes at this time that the likelihood of any material loss is remote, given, for example, the procedural status, court rulings, and/or the strength of the company’s defenses in those matters. With respect to the remaining claims, suits, investigations and proceedings discussed in this Note, the company is unable to provide estimates of reasonably possible losses or range of losses, including losses in excess of amounts accrued, if any, for the following reasons. Claims, suits, investigations and proceedings are inherently uncertain, and it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these matters. It is the company’s experience that damage amounts claimed in litigation against it are unreliable and unrelated to possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of the company’s potential liability. Further, the company is unable to provide such an estimate due to a number of other factors with respect to these claims, suits, investigations and proceedings, including considerations of the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matters. The company reviews claims, suits, investigations and proceedings at least quarterly, and decisions are made with respect to recording or adjusting provisions and disclosing reasonably possible losses or range of losses (individually or in the aggregate), to reflect the impact and status of settlement discussions, discovery, procedural and substantive rulings, reviews by counsel and other information pertinent to a particular matter.

Whether any losses, damages or remedies finally determined in any claim, suit, investigation or proceeding could reasonably have a material effect on the company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows will depend on a number of variables, including: the timing and amount of such losses or damages; the structure and type of any such remedies; the significance of the impact any such losses, damages or remedies may have in the Consolidated Financial Statements; and the unique facts and circumstances of the particular matter that may give rise to additional factors. While the company will continue to defend itself vigorously, it is possible that the company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be affected in any particular period by the resolution of one or more of these matters.

The following is a summary of the more significant legal matters involving the company.

The company is a defendant in an action filed on March 6, 2003 in state court in Salt Lake City, Utah by the SCO Group (SCO v. IBM). The company removed the case to Federal Court in Utah. Plaintiff is an alleged successor in interest to some of AT&T’s UNIX IP rights, and alleges copyright infringement, unfair competition, interference with contract and breach of contract with regard to the company’s distribution of AIX and Dynix and contribution of code to Linux. The company has asserted counterclaims, including breach of contract, violation of the Lanham Act, unfair competition, intentional torts, unfair and deceptive trade practices, breach of the General Public License that governs open source distributions, promissory estoppel and copyright infringement. Motions for summary judgment were heard in March 2007, and the court has not yet issued its decision. On September 14, 2007, plaintiff filed for bankruptcy protection, and all proceedings in this case were stayed. On August 25, 2009, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware approved the appointment of a Chapter 11 Trustee of SCO. The court in another suit, the SCO Group, Inc. v. Novell, Inc., held a trial in March 2010. The jury found that Novell is the owner of UNIX and UnixWare copyrights; the judge subsequently ruled that SCO is obligated to recognize Novell’s waiver of SCO’s claims against IBM and Sequent for breach of UNIX license agreements. On August 30, 2011, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the district court’s ruling and denied SCO’s appeal of this matter.

Complaints against IBM were filed with the European Commission (EC) by Platform Solutions, Inc. in 2007, T3 Technologies, Inc. in 2009 and TurboHercules SAS in 2010.  Each complaint alleged that IBM violated European Competition law, primarily by refusing to license its patents and trade secrets to the complainants and by refusing to license its software for use on computer systems made and/or sold by complainants.  Each complaint has been withdrawn, and in September 2011, the EC closed these investigations. IBM has been notified that the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) is investigating possible antitrust violations by IBM based on the company’s refusal to license certain patents and trade secrets and its refusal to license its software for use on systems that IBM believes infringe its intellectual property rights.

The company was a defendant in an action filed on December 14, 2009 in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas by Neon Enterprise Software, LLC (Neon), alleging that the company interfered with Neon’s efforts to license its zPrime software. It sought damages and injunctive relief.  In late January 2010, IBM filed its answer to Neon’s complaint and asserted counterclaims against Neon.  In 2010, Neon filed a complaint against IBM with the EC, based on the same allegations made in Neon’s lawsuit against IBM.  In late May 2011, the parties entered into a settlement agreement in connection with the lawsuit pursuant to which each party’s claims against the other have been dismissed with prejudice and no payments will be made by IBM; in addition, Neon has been permanently enjoined from distributing zPrime or a functionally similar product. Neon has also withdrawn the complaint it filed with the EC, and in September 2011, the EC closed its investigation.

The company is a defendant in an action filed on April 2, 2009 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas by ACQIS LLC (Acqis), which alleges that certain IBM products infringe certain patents relating generally to modular computing devices. Acqis seeks damages and injunctive relief. The trial took place in February 2011, and in late February, the jury found in favor of Acqis and awarded damages in the amount of $9 million. Both parties have submitted post-trial motions, and the deadline for appeal is 30 days after the court’s ruling on all such motions.

The company was a defendant in an action filed on February 5, 2010 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia by TecSec, Inc., which alleged that certain IBM products infringe certain patents relating generally to encryption. TecSec sought damages and injunctive relief. The case was set for trial in March 2011. In late February 2011, the court granted IBM’s motion for summary judgment of non-infringement, and final judgment has been entered in favor of IBM.  The case is pending on appeal.

The company was named as a co-defendant in numerous purported class actions filed on and after March 18, 2011 in federal and state courts in California in connection with an information technology outsourcing agreement between Health Net, Inc. and IBM.  The matters were consolidated in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California, and plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint on July 15, 2011.  The consolidated complaint alleges that the company violated the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act in connection with hard drives that are unaccounted for at one of Health Net’s data centers in California; plaintiffs have been notified by Health Net that certain of their personal information is believed to be contained on those hard drives. Plaintiffs seek damages, as well as injunctive and declaratory relief. IBM has also received a request for information regarding this matter from the California Attorney General.

IBM United Kingdom Limited (IBM UK) initiated legal proceedings in May 2010 before the High Court in London against the IBM UK Pensions Trust (the UK Trust) and two representative beneficiaries of the UK Trust membership. IBM UK is seeking a declaration that it acted lawfully both in notifying the Trustee of the UK Trust that it was closing its UK defined benefit plans to future accruals for most participants and in implementing the company’s new retirement policy.  The trial in the High Court will not begin before May 2012. In addition, IBM UK is a defendant in approximately 275 individual actions brought since early 2010 by participants of the defined benefits plans who left IBM UK. These actions, which allege constructive dismissal and age discrimination, are pending before the Employment Tribunal in Southampton UK and are currently stayed pending resolution of the above-referenced High Court proceedings. In a separate but related proceeding, in March 2011, the Trustee of the IBM UK Trust was granted leave to initiate a claim before the High Court in London against IBM UK and one representative beneficiary of the UK Trust membership, seeking an order modifying certain documents and terms relating to retirement provisions in IBM UK’s largest defined benefit plan dating back to 1983. The High Court is expected to address this claim at the same time it considers the above-referenced claims in the proceedings initiated in May 2010.

In March 2011, the company announced that it has agreed to settle a civil enforcement action with the SEC relating to activities by employees of IBM Korea, LG IBM, IBM (China) Investment Company Limited and IBM Global Services (China) Co., Ltd., during the period from 1998 through 2009, allegedly in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. As part of the settlement, IBM has consented to the entry of a judgment relating to the books and records and internal control provisions of the securities laws. IBM has also agreed to pay a total of $10 million, categorized by the SEC as follows: (i) $5.3 million, representing profits gained as a result of the conduct alleged in the SEC’s complaint, (ii) prejudgment interest on that amount of $2.7 million, and (iii) a civil penalty of $2 million. The settlement is subject to court approval.

The company is a defendant in numerous actions filed after January 1, 2008 in the Supreme Court for the State of New York, county of Broome, on behalf of hundreds of plaintiffs. The complaints allege numerous and different causes of action, including for negligence and recklessness, private nuisance and trespass. Plaintiffs in these cases seek medical monitoring and claim damages in unspecified amounts for a variety of personal injuries and property damages allegedly arising out of the presence of groundwater contamination and vapor intrusion of groundwater contaminants into certain structures in which plaintiffs reside or resided, or conducted business, allegedly resulting from the release of chemicals into the environment by the company at its former manufacturing and development facility in Endicott. These complaints also seek punitive damages in an unspecified amount. The first trial in these cases is scheduled to begin in October 2012.

The company is party to, or otherwise involved in, proceedings brought by U.S. federal or state environmental agencies under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), known as “Superfund,” or laws similar to CERCLA. Such statutes require potentially responsible parties to participate in remediation activities regardless of fault or ownership of sites. The company is also conducting environmental investigations, assessments or remediations at or in the vicinity of several current or former operating sites globally pursuant to permits, administrative orders or agreements with country, state or local environmental agencies, and is involved in lawsuits and claims concerning certain current or former operating sites.

The company is also subject to ongoing tax examinations and governmental assessments in various jurisdictions. Along with many other U.S. companies doing business in Brazil, the company is involved in various challenges with Brazilian authorities regarding non-income tax assessments and non-income tax litigation matters. These matters include claims for taxes on the importation of computer software. In November 2008, the company won a significant case in the Superior Chamber of the federal administrative tax court in Brazil, and in late July 2009, the company received written confirmation regarding this decision. The total potential amount related to the remaining matters for all applicable years is approximately $600 million. The company believes it will prevail on these matters and that this amount is not a meaningful indicator of liability.

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Retirement-Related Benefits

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Retirement-Related Benefits

Retirement-Related Benefits

10. Retirement-Related Benefits: The company offers defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans, as well as nonpension postretirement plans primarily consisting of retiree medical benefits.  The following tables provide the total retirement-related benefit plans’ impact on income before income taxes:

					Yr. to Yr.
					Percent
For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
(Dollars in millions)
Retirement-related plans – cost
Defined benefit and contribution pension plans – cost	$	357	$	246	45.2	%
Nonpension postretirement plans – cost	87		87		0.0
Total	$	444	$	333	33.3	%

					Yr. to Yr.
					Percent
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
(Dollars in millions)
Retirement-related plans –cost
Defined benefit and contribution pension plans –cost	$	1,159	$	801	44.7	%
Nonpension postretirement plans –cost	261		260		0.2
Total	$	1,419	$	1,061	33.8	%

The following tables provide the components of the cost/(income) for the company’s pension plans:

Cost/(Income) of Pension Plans

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	128		$	126
Interest cost	614			650			467			456
Expected return on plan assets	(1,011		)	(1,004		)	(641		)	(610		)
Amortization of prior service cost/(credits)	2			2			(41		)	(44		)
Recognized actuarial losses	205			118			240			178
Curtailments and settlements	—			—			0			0
Multi-employer plan/other costs	—			—			21			27
Total net periodic pension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans	(190		)	(234		)	173			132
Cost of defined contribution plans	218			216			156			132
Total defined benefit and contribution plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	28		$	(18	)	$	329		$	264

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	384		$	377
Interest cost	1,842			1,951			1,391			1,369
Expected return on plan assets	(3,032		)	(3,013		)	(1,904		)	(1,827		)
Amortization of prior service cost/(credits)	7			7			(121		)	(128		)
Recognized actuarial losses	614			353			727			527
Curtailments and settlements	—			—			1			27
Multi-employer plan/other costs	—			—			94			79
Total net periodic pension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans	(569		)	(702		)	572			422
Cost of defined contribution plans	698			693			458			387
Total defined benefit and contribution plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	129		$	(8	)	$	1,030		$	809

In 2011, the company expects to contribute to its non-U.S. defined benefit plans approximately $800 million, which is the legally mandated minimum contribution. Total net contributions to the non-U.S. plans in the first nine months of 2011 were $611 million.

The following tables provide the components of the cost for the company’s nonpension postretirement plans:

Cost of Nonpension Postretirement Plans

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plan					Non-U.S. Plans
For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	9	$	8		$	3		$	2
Interest cost	59		65			17			15
Expected return on plan assets	—		—			(3		)	(2		)
Amortization of prior service credits	—		(4		)	(1		)	(1		)
Recognized actuarial losses	—		—			4			3
Curtailments/settlements			1						—
Total nonpension postretirement plan cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	68	$	71		$	20		$	16

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plan					Non-U.S. Plans
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	25	$	25		$	8		$	7
Interest cost	177		196			51			44
Expected return on plan assets	—		—			(8		)	(7		)
Amortization of prior service credits	—		(11		)	(3		)	(4		)
Recognized actuarial losses			—			11			9
Curtailments/settlements	—		1			—			—
Total nonpension postretirement plan cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	202	$	211		$	59		$	49

The company received a $14.5 million subsidy in the third quarter of 2011 and a $32.5 million subsidy for the first nine months of 2011 in connection with the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. A portion of this amount is used by the company to reduce its obligation and expense related to the plan, and the remainder is contributed to the plan to reduce contributions required by the participants. For further information related to the Medicare Prescription Drug Act, see page 125 in the company’s 2010 Annual Report.

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Commitments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Commitments

Changes in warranty liabilities

Standard Warranty Liability

(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010
Balance at January 1	$	375		$	316
Current period accruals	309			284
Accrual adjustments to reflect actual experience	15			31
Charges incurred	(318		)	(326		)
Balance at September 30	$	382		$	305

Extended Warranty Liability

(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010
Aggregate deferred revenue at January 1	$	670		$		665
Revenue deferred for new extended warranty contracts	225			217
Amortization of deferred revenue	(256		)	(221			)
Other*	(18		)	(29			)
Aggregate deferred revenue at September 30	$	621		$		632
Current portion	$	305		$		303
Noncurrent portion	316			329
Aggregate deferred revenue at September 30	$	621		$	632

* Other primarily consists of foreign currency translation adjustments.

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Segments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Segments

Segments

8. Segments:  The tables on pages 25 and 26 reflect the results of operations of the company’s segments consistent with the   management and measurement system utilized within the company. Performance measurement is based on pre-tax income. These results are used, in part, by senior management, both in evaluating the performance of, and in allocating resources to, each of the segments.

Effective January 1, 2011, the company transitioned its management and measurement system to reflect operating earnings in an effort to provide better transparency into the operational results of the business. As a result, certain acquisition-related charges and non-operating retirement-related costs are not reflected in the segment results. See the “Snapshot” section beginning on page 37 for additional information regarding this change. Prior year segment pre-tax income and pre-tax margin have been reclassified to conform to the new management and measurement system.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

	Global Services
	Global Technology			Global Business						Systems and			Global			Total
(Dollars in millions)	Services			Services			Software			Technology			Financing			Segments
For the three months ended September 30, 2011:
External revenue	$	10,322		$	4,832		$	5,817		$	4,482		$	520		$	25,974
Internal revenue	316			199			804			190			480			1,989
Total revenue	$	10,638		$	5,031		$	6,621		$	4,672		$	999		$	27,963
Pre-tax income	$	1,695		$	775		$	2,214		$	318		$	481		$	5,484
Revenue year-to-year change	7.9		%	5.5		%	12.6		%	3.3		%	4.0		%	7.6		%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change	12.5		%	12.8		%	12.0		%	7.8		%	(4.0		)%	10.4		%
Pre-tax income margin	15.9		%	15.4		%	33.4		%	6.8		%	48.2		%	19.6		%
For the three months ended September 30, 2010:
External revenue	$	9,496		$	4,572		$	5,151		$	4,325		$	529		$	24,072
Internal revenue	362			199			728			196			432			1,917
Total revenue	$	9,857		$	4,771		$	5,879		$	4,521		$	961		$	25,990
Pre-tax income*	$	1,506		$	687		$	1,978		$	295		$	502		$	4,968
Pre-tax income margin*	15.3		%	14.4		%	33.6		%	6.5		%	52.2		%	19.1		%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

Reconciliations to IBM as Reported:

(Dollars in millions)
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010*
Revenue:
Total reportable segments	$	27,963		$	25,990
Eliminations/other	(1,806		)	(1,718		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	26,157		$	24,271
Pre-tax income:
Total reportable segments	$	5,484		$	4,968
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	(158		)	(127		)
Acquisition related charges	(21		)	(13		)
Non-operating retirement-related costs	29			104
Eliminations/other	(306		)	(256		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	5,027		$	4,677

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

	Global Services
	Global Technology			Global Business						Systems and			Global			Total
(Dollars in millions)	Services			Services			Software			Technology			Financing			Segments
For the nine months ended September 30, 2011:
External revenue	$	30,427		$	14,407		$	17,295		$	13,182		$	1,555		$	76,866
Internal revenue	943			604			2,425			652			1,524			6,148
Total revenue	$	31,370		$	15,012		$	19,720		$	13,834		$	3,078		$	83,015
Pre-tax income	$	4,353		$	2,166		$	6,260		$	843		$	1,497		$	15,118
Revenue year-to-year change	8.0		%	6.7		%	11.9		%	12.8		%	7.0		%	9.4		%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change	12.7		%	19.6		%	1.5		%	197.9		%	7.6		%	11.9		%
Pre-tax income margin	13.9		%	14.4		%	31.7		%	6.1		%	48.6		%	18.2		%
For the nine months ended September 30, 2010:
External revenue	$	28,036		$	13,465		$	15,447		$	11,696		$	1,610		$	70,253
Internal revenue	1,014			599			2,176			572			1,267			5,627
Total revenue	$	29,050		$	14,064		$	17,623		$	12,267		$	2,877		$	75,880
Pre-tax income*	$	3,863		$	1,811		$	6,167		$	283		$	1,391		$	13,514
Pre-tax income margin*	13.3		%	12.9		%	35.0		%	2.3		%	48.3		%	17.8		%

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

Reconciliations to IBM as Reported:

(Dollars in millions)
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010*
Revenue:
Total reportable segments	$	83,015		$	75,880
Eliminations/other	(5,585		)	(5,028		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	77,430		$	70,852
Pre-tax income:
Total reportable segments	$	15,118		$	13,514
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	(476		)	(355		)
Acquisition related charges	(32		)	(23		)
Non-operating retirement-related costs	37			293
Eliminations/other	(918		)	(662		)
Total IBM Consolidated	$	13,729		$	12,767

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

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Intangible Assets Including Goodwill (Details) (USD $) In Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010	Dec. 31, 2010
Intangible asset balances by major asset class:
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 5,500		$ 5,500		$ 5,649
Accumulated Amortization	(2,467)		(2,467)		(2,161)
Net Carrying Amount	3,033		3,033		3,488
Net carrying amount increase/(decrease)			(455)
Intangible asset amortization expense	307	289	926	859
Intangible assets retired and fully amortized			620
Capitalized software
Intangible asset balances by major asset class:
Gross Carrying Amount	1,498		1,498		1,558
Accumulated Amortization	(693)		(693)		(726)
Net Carrying Amount	805		805		831
Client-related
Intangible asset balances by major asset class:
Gross Carrying Amount	1,612		1,612		1,709
Accumulated Amortization	(711)		(711)		(647)
Net Carrying Amount	901		901		1,062
Completed technology
Intangible asset balances by major asset class:
Gross Carrying Amount	2,122		2,122		2,111
Accumulated Amortization	(943)		(943)		(688)
Net Carrying Amount	1,179		1,179		1,422
In-process R and D
Intangible asset balances by major asset class:
Gross Carrying Amount	22		22		21
Accumulated Amortization	(1)		(1)		0
Net Carrying Amount	21		21		21
Patents/trademarks
Intangible asset balances by major asset class:
Gross Carrying Amount	216		216		211
Accumulated Amortization	(97)		(97)		(71)
Net Carrying Amount	119		119		140
Other intangible assets
Intangible asset balances by major asset class:
Gross Carrying Amount	31		31		39
Accumulated Amortization	(23)		(23)		(28)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 8		$ 8		$ 11

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Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

1. Basis of Presentation: The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes of the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM or the company) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The financial statements and footnotes are unaudited. In the opinion of the company’s management, these statements include all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present a fair statement of the company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, expenses and accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) that are reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying disclosures. Actual results may be different. See the company’s 2010 Annual Report on pages 50 to 53 for a discussion of the company’s critical accounting estimates.

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of financial results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the company’s 2010 Annual Report.

Noncontrolling interest amounts in income of $0.9 million and $2.6 million, net of tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $5.7 million and $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, are presented in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings within the other (income) and expense line item. Additionally, changes to noncontrolling interests which are presented in Note 9, “Equity Activity,” on pages 27 and 28 were $(40) million and $2 million at September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Within the financial tables presented, certain columns and rows may not add due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes. Percentages presented are calculated from the underlying whole-dollar amounts. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. This is annotated where applicable.

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Financial Instruments (excluding derivatives)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Financial Instruments (excluding derivatives)

Financial Instruments (excluding derivatives)

4. Financial Instruments (excluding derivatives): Cash and cash equivalents, debt and marketable equity securities are recognized and measured at fair value in the company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Notes and other accounts receivable and other investments are financial assets with carrying values that approximate fair value. Accounts payable, other accrued expenses and short-term debt are financial liabilities with carrying values that approximate fair value. In the absence of quoted prices in active markets, judgment is required in developing estimates of fair value. Estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the company could realize in a current market transaction. The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate fair values:

Loans and Long-term Receivables

Fair values are based on discounted future cash flows using current interest rates offered for similar loans to clients with similar credit ratings for the same remaining maturities. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the difference between the carrying amount and estimated fair value for loans and long-term receivables was immaterial.

Long-term Debt

Fair value of publicly-traded long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for the identical liability when traded as an asset in an active market. For other long-term debt for which a quoted market price is not available, an expected present value technique that uses rates currently available to the company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities is used to estimate fair value. The carrying amount of long-term debt is $24,089 million and $21,846 million and the estimated fair value is $26,592 million and $24,006 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

Debt and Marketable Equity Securities

The following tables summarize the company’s debt and marketable equity securities all of which are considered available-for-sale and recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

			Gross		Gross
(Dollars in millions)	Adjusted		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
At September 30, 2011	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	3,602	$	—	$	(0	)	$	3,602
Commercial paper	2,794		—		(0		)	2,794
Money market funds	319		—		—			319
U.S. government securities	1,110		—		—			1,110
Other securities	40		—		—			40
Total	$	7,864	$	—	$	(0	)	$	7,864
Debt securities — noncurrent(2)
Other securities	$	7	$	1	$	—		$	8
Total	$	7	$	1	$	—		$	8
Available-for-sale equity investments(2)	$	57	$	19	$	(2	)	$	74

(1) Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

(2) Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

			Gross		Gross
(Dollars in millions)	Adjusted		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
At December 31, 2010	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	2,473	$	—	$	(0	)	$	2,473
Commercial paper	2,673		—		(0		)	2,673
Money market funds	1,532		—		—			1,532
Foreign government securities	1,054		—		—			1,054
U.S. government securities	44		0		(0		)	44
U.S. government agency securities	22		0		(0		)	22
Other securities	3		—		—			3
Total	$	7,801	$	0	$	(0	)	$	7,801
Debt securities — current(2)
Commercial paper	$	490	$	—	$	(0	)	$	490
U.S. government securities	500		—		(0		)	500
Other securities	1		—		(0		)	1
Total	$	990	$	—	$	(0	)	$	990
Debt securities — noncurrent(3)
Other securities	$	6	$	1	$	(0	)	$	7
Total	$	6	$	1	$	(0	)	$	7
Available-for-sale equity investments(3)	$	194	$	264	$	(0	)	$	458

(1) Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

(2) Reported as marketable securities within the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

(3) Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Based on an evaluation of available evidence as of September 30, 2011, the company believes that unrealized losses on debt and marketable equity securities are temporary and do not represent a need for an other-than-temporary impairment.

Proceeds from sales of debt securities and marketable equity securities were approximately $402 million for the first nine months of 2011. The gross realized gains (before taxes) on these sales totaled $232 million and gross realized losses (before taxes) totaled less than $1 million. There were no sales of debt and marketable equity securities in the third quarter of 2011. Proceeds from sales of debt securities and marketable equity securities were approximately $1 million and $14 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2010, respectively. The gross realized gains (before taxes) on these sales were less than $1 million and $5 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2010, respectively. The gross realized losses (before taxes) on these sales were less than $1 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2010.

The after tax net unrealized holding gains/(losses) on available-for-sale debt and marketable equity securities that have been included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and the after tax net (gains)/losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) to net income were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	$	(9	)	$	56
Net unrealized (gains)/losses reclassified to net income*	0			0

* Includes writedowns of $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

(Dollars in millions)
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	$	(12	)	$	50
Net unrealized (gains)/losses reclassified to net income*	(142		)	0

* Includes writedowns of $0.2 million and $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

The contractual maturities of substantially all available-for-sale debt securities are less than one year at September 30, 2011.

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Financing Receivables (Details 5) (USD $) In Millions	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	$ 18,409	$ 19,625
Lease receivables
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	8,225	8,545
Lease receivables | Major Markets
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	6,290	6,562
Lease receivables | Major Markets | Aaa - Aa3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	810	794
Lease receivables | Major Markets | A1 - A3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	1,357	1,463
Lease receivables | Major Markets | Baa1 - Baa3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	2,296	2,494
Lease receivables | Major Markets | Ba1 - Ba2
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	944	899
Lease receivables | Major Markets | Ba3 - B1
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	548	518
Lease receivables | Major Markets | B2 - B3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	230	230
Lease receivables | Major Markets | Caa - D
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	105	164
Lease receivables | Growth Markets
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	1,935	1,983
Lease receivables | Growth Markets | Aaa - Aa3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	151	173
Lease receivables | Growth Markets | A1 - A3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	188	182
Lease receivables | Growth Markets | Baa1 - Baa3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	738	837
Lease receivables | Growth Markets | Ba1 - Ba2
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	471	403
Lease receivables | Growth Markets | Ba3 - B1
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	259	242
Lease receivables | Growth Markets | B2 - B3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	109	93
Lease receivables | Growth Markets | Caa - D
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	19	54
Client loan receivables
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	10,184	11,080
Client loan receivables | Major Markets
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	8,105	9,087
Client loan receivables | Major Markets | Aaa - Aa3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	1,043	1,100
Client loan receivables | Major Markets | A1 - A3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	1,748	2,026
Client loan receivables | Major Markets | Baa1 - Baa3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	2,958	3,453
Client loan receivables | Major Markets | Ba1 - Ba2
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	1,217	1,245
Client loan receivables | Major Markets | Ba3 - B1
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	706	718
Client loan receivables | Major Markets | B2 - B3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	297	318
Client loan receivables | Major Markets | Caa - D
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	135	227
Client loan receivables | Growth Markets
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	2,079	1,993
Client loan receivables | Growth Markets | Aaa - Aa3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	162	173
Client loan receivables | Growth Markets | A1 - A3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	202	183
Client loan receivables | Growth Markets | Baa1 - Baa3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	793	841
Client loan receivables | Growth Markets | Ba1 - Ba2
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	506	405
Client loan receivables | Growth Markets | Ba3 - B1
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	278	243
Client loan receivables | Growth Markets | B2 - B3
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	117	94
Client loan receivables | Growth Markets | Caa - D
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	20	54
Major Markets
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	14,395	15,650
Growth Markets
Gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator
Total	$ 4,014	$ 3,975

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Restructuring-Related Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Restructuring-Related Liabilities

Restructuring-related liability rollforward

	Liability								Liability
	as of					Other			as of
(Dollars in millions)	01/01/2011		Payments			Adjustments*			9/30/2011
Current:
Workforce	$	45	$	(36	)	$	4		$	14
Space	8		(6		)	3			5
Total Current	$	53	$	(41	)	$	7		$	19
Noncurrent:
Workforce	$	395	$	—		$	14		$	409
Space	4		—			(2		)	2
Total Noncurrent	$	399	$	—		$	12		$	411

*   Principally includes the reclassification of noncurrent to current, foreign currency translation adjustments and interest accretion.

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Commitments (Details 2) (USD $) In Millions			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011 Extended warranty	Sep. 30, 2010 Extended warranty
Movement in extended warranty liability
Beginning balance, aggregate deferred revenue			$ 670	$ 665
Revenue deferred for new extended warranty contracts			225	217
Amortization of deferred revenue			(256)	(221)
Other			(18)	(29)
Ending balance, aggregate deferred revenue			621	632
Deferred revenue:
Deferred income, current portion	11,252	11,580	305	303
Deferred income, noncurrent portion	3,634	3,666	316	329
Aggregate deferred revenue			$ 621	$ 632

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Acquisitions/Divestitures (Details 2) (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2011 entity	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010	Mar. 31, 2010 Dassault Systems
Acquisitions/Divestitures
Number of divestitures	2
Divestitures:
Proceeds from divestiture		$ 4	$ 0	$ 459
Gain (loss) on divestiture				$ 591

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Financing Receivables

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Financing Receivables

Financing Receivables

5. Financing Receivables: The following table presents financing receivables, net of allowances for credit losses, including residual values.

(Dollars in millions)	At September 30, 2011		At December 31, 2010
Current:
Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases	$	3,834	$	3,945
Commercial financing receivables	5,027		6,777
Client loan receivables	4,531		4,718
Installment payment receivables	754		816
Total	$	14,145	$	16,257
Noncurrent:
Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases	$	5,117	$	5,384
Commercial financing receivables	37		43
Client loan receivables	4,303		4,734
Installment payment receivables	372		388
Total	$	9,830	$	10,548

Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases relates principally to the company’s systems products and are for terms ranging generally from two to six years. Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases includes unguaranteed residual values of $738 million and $871 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, and is reflected net of unearned income of $746 million and $816 million and net of the allowance for credit losses of $109 million and $126 million at those dates, respectively.

Commercial financing receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $45 million and $58 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, relate primarily to inventory and accounts receivable financing for dealers and remarketers of IBM and non-IBM products. Payment terms for inventory and accounts receivable financing generally range from 30 to 90 days.

Client loan receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $99 million and $160 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, are loans that are provided by Global Financing primarily to clients to finance the purchase of software and services. Separate contractual relationships on these financing arrangements are for terms ranging generally from two to seven years.

Installment payment receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $49 million and $56 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, are secured loans that are provided primarily to clients to finance hardware and software ranging generally from two to three years.

Both client loan receivables and installment payment receivables financing contracts are priced independently at competitive market rates. The company has a history of enforcing the terms of these separate financing agreements.

The company utilizes certain of its financing receivables as collateral for non-recourse borrowings. Financing receivables pledged as collateral for borrowings were $307 million and $302 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

The company did not have any financing receivables held for sale as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

Financing Receivables by Portfolio Segment

The following tables present financing receivables on a gross basis excluding the allowance for credit losses and residual value, by portfolio segment and by class, excluding current commercial financing receivables and other miscellaneous current financing receivables at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. The company determines its allowance for credit losses based on two portfolio segments: lease receivables and loan receivables, and further segments the portfolio via two classes: major markets and growth markets. For additional information on the company’s accounting policies for the allowance for credit losses, see the company’s 2010 Annual Report beginning on page 77.

(Dollars in millions) At September 30, 2011	Major Markets			Growth Markets			Total
Financing receivables:
Lease receivables	$	6,290		$	1,935		$	8,225
Loan receivables	8,105			2,079			10,184
Ending balance	$	14,395		$	4,014		$	18,409
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	14,111		$	3,905		$	18,016
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	284		$	109		$	393
Allowance for credit losses:
Lease receivables	$	84		$	42		$	126
Loan receivables	150			76			226
Beginning balance at January 1, 2011	$	234		$	119		$	353
Charge-offs	(56		)	(13		)	(69		)
Provision	(15		)	1			(14		)
Other	2			(4		)	(2		)
Lease receivables	68			41			109
Loan receivables	96			62			158
Ending balance at September 30, 2011	$	165		$	102		$	267
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	43		$	13		$	56
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	122		$	89		$	211

(Dollars in millions) At December 31, 2010	Major Markets		Growth Markets		Total
Financing receivables:
Lease receivables	$	6,562	$	1,983	$	8,545
Loan receivables	9,087		1,993		11,080
Ending balance	$	15,650	$	3,975	$	19,625
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	15,199	$	3,794	$	18,993
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	451	$	181	$	632
Allowance for credit losses:
Lease receivables*	$	84	$	42	$	126
Loan receivables*	150		76		226
Ending balance at December 31, 2010	$	234	$	119	$	353
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	60	$	11	$	71
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	174	$	108	$	282

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

When calculating the allowances, financing receivables are evaluated either on an individual or a collective basis. For individually evaluated receivables, the company determines the expected cash flow for the receivable and calculates an estimate of the potential loss and the probability of loss. For those accounts in which the loss is probable, the company records a specific reserve. In addition, the company records an unallocated reserve that is calculated by applying a reserve rate to its different portfolios, excluding accounts that have been specifically reserved. This reserve rate is based upon credit rating, probability of default, term, characteristics (lease/loan) and loss history.

Financing Receivables on Non-Accrual Status

Certain receivables for which the company has recorded a specific reserve may also be placed on non-accrual status. Non-accrual assets are those receivables with specific reserves or other receivables for which it is likely that the company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to original terms of the lease or loan agreement. Income recognition is discontinued on these receivables.

The following table presents the recorded investment in financing receivables which were on non-accrual status at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

(Dollars in millions)	At September 30,2011		At December 31, 2010
Major markets	$	46	$	69
Growth markets	20		33
Total lease receivables	$	66	$	101
Major markets	$	77	$	141
Growth markets	18		123
Total loan receivables	$	95	$	264
Total receivables	$	161	$	366

Impaired Loans

The company considers any loan with an individually evaluated reserve as an impaired loan. Depending on the level of impairment, loans will also be placed on non-accrual status (see section “Financing Receivables on Non-Accrual Status”).

The following tables present impaired client loan receivables at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

	At September 30, 2011				At December 31, 2010
(Dollars in millions)	RecordedInvestment		RelatedAllowance		RecordedInvestment		Related Allowance
Major markets	$	111	$	75	$	196	$	119
Growth markets	59		52		132		68
Total	$	170	$	127	$	328	$	187

(Dollars in millions) For the three months ended September 30, 2011:	AverageRecordedInvestment		InterestIncomeRecognized*		InterestIncomeRecognized on Cash Basis
Major markets	$	125	$	1	$	0
Growth markets	60		0		0
Total	$	185	$	1	$	0

* Impaired loans are placed on non-accrual status, depending on the level of impairment.

(Dollars in millions) For the nine months ended September 30, 2011:	AverageRecordedInvestment		InterestIncomeRecognized*		InterestIncomeRecognized on Cash Basis
Major markets	$	150	$	2	$	0
Growth markets	97		0		0
Total	$	248	$	2	$	0

* Impaired loans are placed on non-accrual status, depending on the level of impairment.

Credit Quality Indicators

The company’s credit quality indicators are based on rating agency data, publicly available information and information provided by the companies, and are reviewed periodically based on the relative level of risk. The resulting indicators are a numerical rating system that maps to Moody’s Investors Service credit ratings as shown below. Moody’s has not provided to the company a credit rating on its clients.

The tables below present the gross recorded investment for each class of receivables, by credit quality indicator, at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Receivables with a credit quality indicator ranging from Aaa to Baa3 are considered investment grade. All others are considered non-investment grade.

	Lease Receivables				Loan Receivables
(Dollars in millions) At September 30, 2011:	MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets		MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets
Credit Rating:
Aaa — Aa3	$	810	$	151	$	1,043	$	162
A1 — A3	1,357		188		1,748		202
Baal — Baa3	2,296		738		2,958		793
Bal — Ba2	944		471		1,217		506
Ba3 — B1	548		259		706		278
B2 — B3	230		109		297		117
Caa — D	105		19		135		20
Total	$	6,290	$	1,935	$	8,105	$	2,079

At September 30, 2011, the industries which made up Global Financing’s receivables portfolio consist of: Financial (38 percent), Government (16 percent), Manufacturing (13 percent), Retail (9 percent), Services (8 percent), Communications (5 percent) and Other (11 percent).

	Lease Receivables*				Loan Receivables*
(Dollars in millions) At December 31, 2010:	MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets		MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets
Credit Rating:
Aaa — Aa3	$	794	$	173	$	1,100	$	173
A1 — A3	1,463		182		2,026		183
Baal — Baa3	2,494		837		3,453		841
Bal — Ba2	899		403		1,245		405
Ba3 — B1	518		242		718		243
B2 — B3	230		93		318		94
Caa — D	164		54		227		54
Total	$	6,562	$	1,983	$	9,087	$	1,993

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

At December 31, 2010, the industries which make up Global Financing’s receivables portfolio consist of:  Financial (36 percent), Government (16 percent), Manufacturing (14 percent), Retail (9 percent), Services (8 percent), Communications (5 percent) and Other (12 percent).

Past Due Financing Receivables

The company views receivables as past due when payment has not been received after 90 days, measured from billing date.

(Dollars in millions) At September 30, 2011:	Total Past Due > 90 days*		Current		Total Financing Receivables		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
Major markets	$	10	$	6,279	$	6,290	$	10
Growth markets	13		1,923		1,935		10
Total lease receivables	$	23	$	8,202	$	8,225	$	19
Major markets	$	28	$	8,077	$	8,105	$	11
Growth markets	20		2,059		2,079		18
Total loan receivables	$	48	$	10,136	$	10,184	$	30
Total	$	71	$	18,337	$	18,409	$	49

* Does not include accounts that are fully reserved.

(Dollars in millions) At December 31, 2010:	Total Past Due > 90 days*		Current		Total Financing Receivables		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
Major markets	$	10	$	6,552	$	6,562	$	5
Growth markets	13		1,970		1,983		5
Total lease receivables	$	22	$	8,523	$	8,545	$	10
Major markets	$	11	$	9,076	$	9,087	$	4
Growth markets	32		1,961		1,993		17
Total loan receivables	$	43	$	11,037	$	11,080	$	21
Total	$	65	$	19,560	$	19,625	$	31

* Does not include accounts that are fully reserved.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

As noted in Note 2, “Accounting Changes,” the company adopted new FASB guidance to help creditors determine whether a restructuring constitutes a troubled debt restructuring. The company assessed all restructurings that occurred on or after January 1, 2011 and determined that there were no troubled debt restructurings for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

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Financing Receivables (Details 7) (USD $) In Millions	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Past Due Financing Receivable
Total Past Due (> 90 days)	$ 71	$ 65
Current	18,337	19,560
Total Financing Receivables	18,409	19,625
Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing	49	31
Lease receivables
Past Due Financing Receivable
Total Past Due (> 90 days)	23	22
Current	8,202	8,523
Total Financing Receivables	8,225	8,545
Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing	19	10
Lease receivables | Major Markets
Past Due Financing Receivable
Total Past Due (> 90 days)	10	10
Current	6,279	6,552
Total Financing Receivables	6,290	6,562
Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing	10	5
Lease receivables | Growth Markets
Past Due Financing Receivable
Total Past Due (> 90 days)	13	13
Current	1,923	1,970
Total Financing Receivables	1,935	1,983
Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing	10	5
Client loan receivables
Past Due Financing Receivable
Total Past Due (> 90 days)	48	43
Current	10,136	11,037
Total Financing Receivables	10,184	11,080
Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing	30	21
Client loan receivables | Major Markets
Past Due Financing Receivable
Total Past Due (> 90 days)	28	11
Current	8,077	9,076
Total Financing Receivables	8,105	9,087
Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing	11	4
Client loan receivables | Growth Markets
Past Due Financing Receivable
Total Past Due (> 90 days)	20	32
Current	2,059	1,961
Total Financing Receivables	2,079	1,993
Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing	18	17
Major Markets
Past Due Financing Receivable
Total Financing Receivables	14,395	15,650
Growth Markets
Past Due Financing Receivable
Total Financing Receivables	$ 4,014	$ 3,975

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Equity Activity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Equity Activity

Equity Activity

(Dollars in millions)	Common Stock and Additional Paid–in Capital		Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)			Total IBM Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity
Equity - January 1, 2011	$	45,418	$	92,532		$	(96,161	)	$	(18,743	)	$	23,046		$	126		$	23,172
Net income			10,365									10,365						10,365
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (total)									645			645						645
Cash dividends declared – common stock			(2,593		)							(2,593		)				(2,593		)
Stock transactions related to employee plans – net	2,139		(38		)	192						2,293						2,293
Other treasury shares purchased – not retired						(11,465		)				(11,465		)				(11,465		)
Changes in noncontrolling interests															(40		)	(40		)
Equity – September 30, 2011	$	47,558	$	100,266		$	(107,434	)	$	(8,099	)	$	22,291		$	87		$	22,378

(Dollars in millions)	Common Stock and Additional Paid–in Capital		Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)			Total IBM Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
Equity - January 1, 2010	$	41,810	$	80,900		$	(81,243	)	$	(18,830	)	$	22,637		$	118	$	22,755
Net income			9,576									9,576					9,576
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (total)									1, 352			1, 352					1,352
Cash dividends declared – common stock			(2,369		)							(2,369		)			(2,369		)
Stock transactions related to employee plans – net	2,518		(11		)	362						2,870					2,870
Other treasury shares purchased – not retired						(11,827		)				(11,827		)			(11,827		)
Changes in noncontrolling interests															2		2
Equity – September 30, 2010	$	44,328	$	88,095		$	(92,707	)	$	(17,479	)	$	22,238		$	121	$	22,359

Summary of Net income plus other comprehensive income/(loss)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010			2011			2010
Net income	$	3,839		$	3,589		$	10,365		$	9,576
Other comprehensive income/(loss) – net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,592		)	1,409			(668		)	327
Net change in retirement-related benefit plans	300			167			1,241			559
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on marketable securities	(9		)	56			(154		)	50
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedge derivatives	312			(599		)	225			416
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(989		)	1,032			645			1,352
Net income plus other comprehensive income/(loss)	$	2,850		$	4,621		$	11,010		$	10,927

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Basis of Presentation (Details) (USD $) In Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010
Basis of Presentation
Noncontrolling interest amounts in income, net of tax	$ 0.9	$ 2.6	$ 5.7	$ 5.4
Changes in noncontrolling interests			$ (40)	$ 2

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Financing Receivables (Details 6)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Financial Industry
Financing Receivables by Portfolio Segment
Financing receivables (as a percent)	38.00%	36.00%
Government Industry
Financing Receivables by Portfolio Segment
Financing receivables (as a percent)	16.00%	16.00%
Manufacturing Industry
Financing Receivables by Portfolio Segment
Financing receivables (as a percent)	13.00%	14.00%
Retail Industry
Financing Receivables by Portfolio Segment
Financing receivables (as a percent)	9.00%	9.00%
Services Industry
Financing Receivables by Portfolio Segment
Financing receivables (as a percent)	8.00%	8.00%
Communications Industry
Financing Receivables by Portfolio Segment
Financing receivables (as a percent)	5.00%	5.00%
Other industries
Financing Receivables by Portfolio Segment
Financing receivables (as a percent)	11.00%	12.00%

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Intangible Assets Including Goodwill (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Intangible Assets Including Goodwill

Intangible asset balances by major asset class

	At September 30, 2011
(Dollars in millions)	Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Carrying
Intangible asset class	Amount		Amortization			Amount
Capitalized software	$	1,498	$	(693	)	$	805
Client-related	1,612		(711		)	901
Completed technology	2,122		(943		)	1,179
In-process R&D	22		(1		)	21
Patents/trademarks	216		(97		)	119
Other(a)	31		(23		)	8
Total	$	5,500	$	(2,467	)	$	3,033

	At December 31, 2010
(Dollars in millions)	Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Net Carrying
Intangible asset class	Amount		Amortization			Amount
Capitalized software	$	1,558	$	(726	)	$	831
Client-related	1,709		(647		)	1,062
Completed technology	2,111		(688		)	1,422
In-process R&D	21		(0		)	21
Patents/trademarks	211		(71		)	140
Other(a)	39		(28		)	11
Total	$	5,649	$	(2,161	)	$	3,488

(a)   Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary business processes, methodologies and systems.

Intangible assets, future amortization expense

	Capitalized		Acquired
(Dollars in millions)	Software		Intangibles		Total
2011 (for Q4)	$	145	$	143	$	288
2012	424		557		981
2013	194		515		710
2014	42		374		415
2015	—		265		265

Changes in goodwill balances by reportable segment

											Foreign
											Currency
					Purchase						Translation
(Dollars in millions)	Balance		Goodwill		Price						And Other			Balance
Segment	01/01/11		Additions		Adjustments			Divestitures			Adjustments			9/30/11
Global Business Services	$	4,329	$	13	$	0		$	(10	)	$	3		$	4,336
Global Technology Services	2,704		—		(1		)	(2		)	(58		)	2,643
Software	16,963		64		(7		)	—			(221		)	16,800
Systems and Technology	1,139		—		(5		)	—			0			1,134
Total	$	25,136	$	77	$	(13	)	$	(11	)	$	(276	)	$	24,913

										Foreign
										Currency
					Purchase					Translation
(Dollars in millions)	Balance		Goodwill		Price					And Other			Balance
Segment	01/01/10		Additions		Adjustments			Divestitures		Adjustments			12/31/10
Global Business Services	$	4,042	$	252	$	0		$	—	$	35		$	4,329
Global Technology Services	2,777		32		(1		)	—		(104		)	2,704
Software	12,605		4,095		(52		)	—		315			16,963
Systems and Technology	766		375		(1		)	—		(1		)	1,139
Total	$	20,190	$	4,754	$	(54	)	$	—	$	245		$	25,136

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Restructuring-Related Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Restructuring-Related Liabilities

Restructuring-Related Liabilities

13. Restructuring-Related Liabilities: The following table provides a roll forward of the current and noncurrent liability balances for actions taken in the following periods: (1) the second quarter of 2005 associated with Global Services, primarily in Europe; (2) the fourth quarter of 2002 associated with the acquisition of the PricewaterhouseCoopers consulting business; (3) the second quarter of 2002 associated with the Microelectronics Division and the rebalancing of the company’s workforce and leased space resources; (4) the 2002 actions associated with the hard disk drive (HDD) business for reductions in workforce, manufacturing capacity and space; (5) the actions taken in 1999; and (6) the actions that were executed prior to 1994.

	Liability								Liability
	as of					Other			as of
(Dollars in millions)	01/01/2011		Payments			Adjustments*			9/30/2011
Current:
Workforce	$	45	$	(36	)	$	4		$	14
Space	8		(6		)	3			5
Total Current	$	53	$	(41	)	$	7		$	19
Noncurrent:
Workforce	$	395	$	—		$	14		$	409
Space	4		—			(2		)	2
Total Noncurrent	$	399	$	—		$	12		$	411

*   Principally includes the reclassification of noncurrent to current, foreign currency translation adjustments and interest accretion.

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Contingencies (Details) (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified		1 Months Ended		1 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011 country Y	Mar. 31, 2011 ACQIS LLC (Acqis)	Sep. 30, 2011 Former IBM UK Defined Benefit Plan Participants IBM United Kingdom Limited claim	Mar. 31, 2011 Civil enforcement action with the SEC IBM Korea, LG IBM, IBM (China) Investment Company Limited and IBM Global Services (China) Co., Ltd.
Contingencies
Clients presence in number of countries	170
Loss Contingencies
Amount of settlement		$ 9		$ 10
Claims pending			275
Profits gained as a result of the conduct alleged in the SEC's complaint				5.3
Prejudgment interest				2.7
Civil penalty				2
Income tax examination - Brazil, total potential liability	$ 600

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Derivative Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

6. Derivative Financial Instruments: The company operates in multiple functional currencies and is a significant lender and borrower in the global markets. In the normal course of business, the company is exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and foreign currency fluctuations, and to a lesser extent equity and commodity price changes and client credit risk. The company limits these risks by following established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives, and, where cost effective, financing with debt in the currencies in which assets are denominated. For interest rate exposures, derivatives are used to better align rate movements between the interest rates associated with the company’s lease and other financial assets and the interest rates associated with its financing debt. Derivatives are also used to manage the related cost of debt. For foreign currency exposures, derivatives are used to better manage the cash flow volatility arising from foreign exchange rate fluctuations.

As a result of the use of derivative instruments, the company is exposed to the risk that counterparties to derivative contracts will fail to meet their contractual obligations. To mitigate the counterparty credit risk, the company has a policy of only entering into contracts with carefully selected major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors. The company’s established policies and procedures for mitigating credit risk on principal transactions include reviewing and establishing limits for credit exposure and continually assessing the creditworthiness of counterparties. The right of set-off that exists under certain of these arrangements enables the legal entities of the company subject to the arrangement to net amounts due to and from the counterparty reducing the maximum loss from credit risk in the event of counterparty default.

The company is also a party to collateral security arrangements with most of its major counterparties. These arrangements require the company to hold or post collateral (cash or U.S. Treasury securities) when the derivative fair values exceed contractually established thresholds. Posting thresholds can be fixed or can vary based on credit default swap pricing or credit ratings received from the major credit agencies. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments under these collateralized arrangements that were in a liability position at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was $90 million and $363 million, respectively. The company posted no collateral at September 30, 2011, and posted collateral of $9 million at December 31, 2010. Full collateralization of these agreements would be required in the event that the company’s credit rating falls below investment grade or if its credit default swap spread exceeds 250 basis points, as applicable, pursuant to the terms of the collateral security arrangements. The aggregate fair value of derivative instruments in net asset positions as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was $1,391 million and $1,099 million, respectively. This amount represents the maximum exposure to loss at the reporting date as a result of the counterparties failing to perform as contracted. This exposure was reduced by $336 million and $475 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, of liabilities included in master netting arrangements with those counterparties. Additionally, at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, this exposure was reduced by $469 million and $88 million of collateral, respectively, received by the company.

The company does not offset derivative assets against liabilities in master netting arrangements nor does it offset receivables or payables recognized upon payment or receipt of cash collateral against the fair values of the related derivative instruments. No amount was recognized in other receivables at September 30, 2011 for the right to reclaim cash collateral. At December 31, 2010, $9 million was recognized in other receivables for the right to reclaim cash collateral. The amount recognized in accounts payable for the obligation to return cash collateral totaled $469 million and $88 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The company restricts the use of cash collateral received to rehypothecation, and therefore reports it in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. No amount was rehypothecated at September 30, 2011. At December 31, 2010, $9 million was rehypothecated.

The company may employ derivative instruments to hedge the volatility in stockholders’ equity resulting from changes in currency exchange rates of significant foreign subsidiaries of the company with respect to the U.S. dollar. These instruments, designated as net investment hedges, expose the company to liquidity risk as the derivatives have an immediate cash flow impact upon maturity which is not offset by a cash flow from the translation of the underlying hedged equity. The company monitors this cash loss potential on an ongoing basis and may discontinue some of these hedging relationships by de-designating or terminating the derivative instrument in order to manage the liquidity risk. Although not designated as accounting hedges, the company may utilize derivatives to offset the changes in the fair value of the de-designated instruments from the date of de-designation until maturity.

In its hedging programs, the company uses forward contracts, futures contracts, interest-rate swaps and cross-currency swaps, depending upon the underlying exposure. The company is not a party to leveraged derivative instruments.

A brief description of the major hedging programs, categorized by underlying risk, follows.

Interest Rate Risk

Fixed and Variable Rate Borrowings

The company issues debt in the global capital markets, principally to fund its financing lease and loan portfolio. Access to cost-effective financing can result in interest rate mismatches with the underlying assets. To manage these mismatches and to reduce overall interest cost, the company uses interest-rate swaps to convert specific fixed-rate debt issuances into variable-rate debt (i.e., fair value hedges) and to convert specific variable-rate debt issuances into fixed-rate debt (i.e., cash flow hedges). At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of the company’s interest rate swaps was  $6.7 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively. The weighted-average remaining maturity of these instruments at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was approximately 5.1 years and 5.7 years, respectively.

Forecasted Debt Issuance

The company is exposed to interest rate volatility on future debt issuances. To manage this risk, the company may use forward starting interest-rate swaps to lock in the rate on the interest payments related to the forecasted debt issuance. These swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The company did not have any derivative instruments relating to this program outstanding at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, net losses of approximately $7 million and $13 million (before taxes), respectively, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in connection with cash flow hedges of the company’s borrowings. For both periods, $8 million of losses are expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying transactions.

Foreign Exchange Risk

Long-Term Investments in Foreign Subsidiaries (Net Investment)

A large portion of the company’s foreign currency denominated debt portfolio is designated as a hedge of net investment in foreign subsidiaries to reduce the volatility in stockholders’ equity caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates in the functional currency of major foreign subsidiaries with respect to the U.S. dollar. The company also uses cross-currency swaps and foreign exchange forward contracts for this risk management purpose. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges was $2.0 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively. The weighted-average remaining maturity of these instruments at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was approximately 0.2 years and 0.4 years, respectively.

In addition, at December 31, 2010, the company had liabilities of $221 million, representing the fair value of derivative instruments that were previously designated in qualifying net investment hedging relationships, but were de-designated prior to December 31, 2010; this amount is expected to mature over the next 12 months. The notional amount of these instruments at December 31, 2010 was $1.6 billion, including original and offsetting transactions. No similar instruments were outstanding at September 30, 2011.

Anticipated Royalties and Cost Transactions

The company’s operations generate significant nonfunctional currency, third-party vendor payments and intercompany payments for royalties and goods and services among the company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries and with the parent company. In anticipation of these foreign currency cash flows and in view of the volatility of the currency markets, the company selectively employs foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its currency risk. These forward contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The maximum length of time over which the company is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 3.9 years. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted royalty and cost transactions was $11.2 billion and $11.3 billion, respectively, with a weighted-average remaining maturity of 0.6 years and 0.8 years, respectively.

At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, in connection with cash flow hedges of anticipated royalties and cost transactions, the company recorded net gains of $183 million and net losses of $147 million (before taxes), respectively, in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss). Within these amounts $195 million of gains and $249 million of losses, respectively, are expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying anticipated transactions.

Foreign Currency Denominated Borrowings

The company is exposed to exchange rate volatility on foreign currency denominated debt. To manage this risk, the company employs cross-currency swaps to convert fixed-rate foreign currency denominated debt to fixed-rate debt denominated in the functional currency of the borrowing entity. These swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The maximum length of time over which the company is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 2.3 years.

At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of cross-currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges of foreign currency denominated debt was $0.1 billion and $0.2 billion, respectively.

At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, net losses of approximately $2 million and $1 million (before taxes), respectively, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in connection with cash flow hedges of the company’s borrowings. Within these amounts approximately $1 million of losses are expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months for both periods, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying transactions.

Subsidiary Cash and Foreign Currency Asset/Liability Management

The company uses its Global Treasury Centers to manage the cash of its subsidiaries. These centers principally use currency swaps to convert cash flows in a cost-effective manner. In addition, the company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to economically hedge, on a net basis, the foreign currency exposure of a portion of the company’s nonfunctional currency assets and liabilities. The terms of these forward and swap contracts are generally less than two years. The changes in the fair values of these contracts and of the underlying hedged exposures are generally offsetting and are recorded in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of derivative instruments in economic hedges of foreign currency exposure was $9.6 billion and $13.0 billion, respectively.

Equity Risk Management

The company is exposed to market price changes in certain broad market indices and in the company’s own stock primarily related to certain obligations to employees. Changes in the overall value of these employee compensation obligations are recorded in selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. Although not designated as accounting hedges, the company utilizes derivatives, including equity swaps and futures, to economically hedge the exposures related to its employee compensation obligations. The derivatives are linked to the total return on certain broad market indices or the total return on the company’s common stock. They are recorded at fair value with gains or losses also reported in SG&A expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total notional amount of derivative instruments in economic hedges of these compensation obligations was $0.9 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively.

Other Risks

The company may hold warrants to purchase shares of common stock in connection with various investments that are deemed derivatives because they contain net share or net cash settlement provisions. The company records the changes in the fair value of these warrants in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. The company did not have any warrants qualifying as derivatives outstanding at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

The company is exposed to a potential loss if a client fails to pay amounts due under contractual terms. The company utilizes credit default swaps to economically hedge its credit exposures. These derivatives have terms of one year or less. The swaps are recorded at fair value with gains and losses reported in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. The company did not have any derivative instruments relating to this program outstanding at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

The following tables provide a quantitative summary of the derivative and non-derivative instrument related risk management activity as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 as well as for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively:

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010

	Fair Value of Derivative Assets					Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
	Balance Sheet					Balance Sheet
(Dollars in millions)	Classification	9/30/2011		12/31/2010		Classification	9/30/2011		12/31/2010
Designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	26	$	33	Other accrued expenses and liabilities	$	—	$	—
	Investments and sundry assets	870		514		Other liabilities	—		—
Foreign exchange contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	358		224		Other accrued expenses and liabilities	363		498
	Investments and sundry assets	4		22		Other liabilities	112		135
Fair value of derivative assets		$	1,257	$	794	Fair value of derivative liabilities	$	475	$	633
Not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	101	$	242	Other accrued expenses and liabilities	$	60	$	370
	Investments and sundry assets	26		51		Other liabilities	—		—
Equity contracts:	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	7		12		Other accrued expenses and liabilities	25		3
Fair value of derivative assets		$	134	$	305	Fair value of derivative liabilities	$	84	$	373
Total debt designated as hedging instruments:
Short-term debt		N/A		N/A			$	808	$	823
Long-term debt		N/A		N/A			1,915		1,746
Total		$	1,391	$	1,099		$	3,282	$	3,576

N/A—not applicable

The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings

For the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
	Consolidated	Recognized on					Attributable to Risk
(Dollars in millions)	Statement of	Derivatives(1)					Being Hedged(2)
For the three months ended September 30:	Earnings Line Item	2011			2010		2011			2010
Derivative instruments in fair value hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Cost of financing	$	204		$	135	$	(166	)	$	(90	)
	Interest expense	141			86		(115		)	(58		)
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:(1)
Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) and expense	183			584		N/A			N/A
Equity contracts	SG&A expense	(100		)	76		N/A			N/A
Warrants	Other (income) and expense	10			—		N/A			N/A
Total		$	438		$	881	$	(281	)	$	(148	)

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income
													Ineffectiveness and
	Effective Portion					Consolidated	Effective Portion Reclassified						Amounts Excluded from
For the three months ended	Recognized in AOCI					Statement of	from AOCI to Earnings						Effectiveness Testing(3)
September 30:	2011		2010			Earnings Line Item	2011			2010			2011			2010
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	—	$	—		Interest expense	$	(2	)	$	(2	)	$	—		$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	295		(927		)	Other (income) and expense	(86		)	(5		)	(2		)	4
						Cost of sales	(60		)	1			—			—
						SG&A expense	(19		)	(2		)	—			—
Instruments in net investment hedges(4):
Foreign exchange contracts	237		(440		)	Interest expense	—			0			(4		)	1
Total	$	532	$	(1,367	)		$	(167	)	$	(7	)	$	(6	)	$	5

Note: AOCI represents Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity.

(1) The amount includes changes in clean fair values of the derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships and the periodic accrual for coupon payments required under these derivative contracts.

(2) The amount includes basis adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item recorded during the period and amortization of basis adjustments recorded on de-designated hedging relationships during the period.

(3) The amount of gain/(loss) recognized in income represents ineffectiveness on hedge relationships.

(4) Instruments in net investment hedges include derivative and non-derivative instruments.

The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings

For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
	Consolidated	Recognized on					Attributable to Risk
(Dollars in millions)	Statement of	Derivatives(1)					Being Hedged(2)
For the nine months ended September 30:	Earnings Line Item	2011			2010		2011			2010
Derivative instruments in fair value hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Cost of financing	$	263		$	382	$	(142	)	$	(251	)
	Interest expense	183			245		(99		)	(161		)
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:(1)
Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) and expense	388			279		N/A			N/A
Equity contracts	SG&A expense	(28		)	34		N/A			N/A
Warrants	Other (income) and expense	10			—		N/A			N/A
Total		$	816		$	940	$	(241	)	$	(412	)

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income
													Ineffectiveness and
	Effective Portion					Consolidated	Effective Portion Reclassified						Amounts Excluded from
For the nine months ended	Recognized in AOCI					Statement of	from AOCI to Earnings						Effectiveness Testing(3)
September 30:	2011			2010		Earnings Line Item	2011			2010			2011			2010
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	—		$	—	Interest expense	$	(6	)	$	(6	)	$	—		$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	(159		)	464		Other (income) and expense	(256		)	(19		)	(2		)	(3		)
						Cost of sales	(163		)	(81		)	—			—
						SG&A expense	(70		)	(46		)	—			—
Instruments in net investment hedges(4):
Foreign exchange contracts	(15		)	147		Interest expense	—			0			(10		)	1
Total	$	(174	)	$	611		$	(494	)	$	(152	)	$	(12	)	$	(2	)

Note: AOCI represents Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity.

(1) The amount includes changes in clean fair values of the derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships and the periodic accrual for coupon payments required under these derivative contracts.

(2) The amount includes basis adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item recorded during the period and amortization of basis adjustments recorded on de-designated hedging relationships during the period.

(3) The amount of gain/(loss) recognized in income represents ineffectiveness on hedge relationships.

(4) Instruments in net investment hedges include derivative and non-derivative instruments.

For the three and nine months ending September 30, 2011 and 2010, there were no significant gains or losses recognized in earnings representing hedge ineffectiveness or excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness (for fair value hedges), or associated with an underlying exposure that did not or was not expected to occur (for cash flow hedges); nor are there any anticipated in the normal course of business.

Refer to the 2010 IBM Annual Report, Note A, “Significant Accounting Policies,” on pages 75 and 76 for additional information on the company’s use of derivative financial instruments.

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

16. Subsequent Events: On October 25, 2011, the company announced that the Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.75 per common share. The dividend is payable December 10, 2011 to stockholders of record on November 10, 2011.

On October 25, 2011, the company announced that the Board of Directors authorized $7 billion in additional funds for use in the company’s common stock repurchase program.

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Financing Receivables (Details 4) (USD $) In Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Impaired client loan receivables
Recorded Investment	$ 170	$ 170	$ 328
Related Allowance	127	127	187
Average Recorded Investment	185	248
Interest Income Recognized	1	2
Interest Income Recognized on Cash Basis	0	0
Major Markets
Impaired client loan receivables
Recorded Investment	111	111	196
Related Allowance	75	75	119
Average Recorded Investment	125	150
Interest Income Recognized	1	2
Interest Income Recognized on Cash Basis	0	0
Growth Markets
Impaired client loan receivables
Recorded Investment	59	59	132
Related Allowance	52	52	68
Average Recorded Investment	60	97
Interest Income Recognized	0	0
Interest Income Recognized on Cash Basis	$ 0	$ 0

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Retirement-Related Benefits (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block

Retirement-related benefits net periodic (income)/cost in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings

					Yr. to Yr.
					Percent
For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
(Dollars in millions)
Retirement-related plans – cost
Defined benefit and contribution pension plans – cost	$	357	$	246	45.2	%
Nonpension postretirement plans – cost	87		87		0.0
Total	$	444	$	333	33.3	%

					Yr. to Yr.
					Percent
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010		Change
(Dollars in millions)
Retirement-related plans –cost
Defined benefit and contribution pension plans –cost	$	1,159	$	801	44.7	%
Nonpension postretirement plans –cost	261		260		0.2
Total	$	1,419	$	1,061	33.8	%

Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block

Cost/Income of Benefit Plans

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
For the three months ended September 30:	2011			2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	128		$	126
Interest cost	614			650			467			456
Expected return on plan assets	(1,011		)	(1,004		)	(641		)	(610		)
Amortization of prior service cost/(credits)	2			2			(41		)	(44		)
Recognized actuarial losses	205			118			240			178
Curtailments and settlements	—			—			0			0
Multi-employer plan/other costs	—			—			21			27
Total net periodic pension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans	(190		)	(234		)	173			132
Cost of defined contribution plans	218			216			156			132
Total defined benefit and contribution plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	28		$	(18	)	$	329		$	264

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011			2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	384		$	377
Interest cost	1,842			1,951			1,391			1,369
Expected return on plan assets	(3,032		)	(3,013		)	(1,904		)	(1,827		)
Amortization of prior service cost/(credits)	7			7			(121		)	(128		)
Recognized actuarial losses	614			353			727			527
Curtailments and settlements	—			—			1			27
Multi-employer plan/other costs	—			—			94			79
Total net periodic pension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans	(569		)	(702		)	572			422
Cost of defined contribution plans	698			693			458			387
Total defined benefit and contribution plans cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	129		$	(8	)	$	1,030		$	809

Nonpension Postretirement Plans

Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block

Cost/Income of Benefit Plans

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plan					Non-U.S. Plans
For the three months ended September 30:	2011		2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	9	$	8		$	3		$	2
Interest cost	59		65			17			15
Expected return on plan assets	—		—			(3		)	(2		)
Amortization of prior service credits	—		(4		)	(1		)	(1		)
Recognized actuarial losses	—		—			4			3
Curtailments/settlements			1						—
Total nonpension postretirement plan cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	68	$	71		$	20		$	16

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Plan					Non-U.S. Plans
For the nine months ended September 30:	2011		2010			2011			2010
Service cost	$	25	$	25		$	8		$	7
Interest cost	177		196			51			44
Expected return on plan assets	—		—			(8		)	(7		)
Amortization of prior service credits	—		(11		)	(3		)	(4		)
Recognized actuarial losses			—			11			9
Curtailments/settlements	—		1			—			—
Total nonpension postretirement plan cost recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings	$	202	$	211		$	59		$	49

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (USD $) In Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011		Sep. 30, 2010
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income	$ 10,365		$ 9,576	[1]
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided from operating activities:
Depreciation	2,701		2,737
Amortization of intangibles	926		859
Stock-based compensation	498		474
Net (gain)/loss on asset sales and other	(252)		(671)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions/divestitures	(1,488)		(221)
Net cash provided by operating activities	12,750		12,754
Cash flow from investing activities:
Payments for plant, rental machines and other property	(3,060)		(3,033)
Proceeds from disposition of plant, rental machines and other property	480		585
Investment in software	(421)		(433)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	(223)		(2,993)
Divestiture of businesses, net of cash transferred	4		0
Non-operating finance receivables - net	534		173
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments	(1,156)		(5,237)
Proceeds from disposition of marketable securities and other investments	2,950		6,513
Net cash used in investing activities	(891)	[1]	(4,425)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Proceeds from new debt	6,652		4,665
Payments to settle debt	(5,625)		(5,122)
Short-term borrowings/(repayments) less than 90 days - net	116		1,405
Common stock repurchases	(11,465)		(11,774)
Common stock transactions - other	2,029		2,625
Cash dividends paid	(2,593)		(2,369)
Net cash used in financing activities	(10,886)		(10,569)	[1]
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(330)		(83)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	643		(2,324)	[1]
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1	10,661		12,183
Cash and cash equivalents at September 30	$ 11,303		$ 9,859

[1] Amounts may not add due to rounding.

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Fair Value Measurements

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

(Dollars in millions)
At September 30, 2011	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	—	$	3,602	$	—	$	3,602
Commercial paper	—		2,794		—		2,794
Money market funds	319		—		—		319
U.S. government securities	—		1,110				1,110
Other securities	—		40		—		40
Total	319		7,545		—		7,864
Debt securities — noncurrent(2)	1		7		—		8
Available-for-sale equity investments(2)	61		13		—		74
Derivative assets(3)
Interest rate contracts	—		895		—		895
Foreign exchange contracts	—		489		—		489
Equity contracts	—		7		—		7
Total	—		1,391		—		1,391		(5)
Total assets	$	381	$	8,956	$	—	$	9,337	(5)
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities(4)
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	535	$	—	$	535
Equity contracts	—		25		—		25
Total liabilities	$	—	$	560	$	—	$	560	(5)

(1)	Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(2)	Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(3)	The gross balances of derivative assets contained within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at September 30, 2011 are $492 million and $900 million, respectively.
(4)	The gross balances of derivative liabilities contained within other accrued expenses and liabilities, and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at September 30, 2011 are $447 million and $112 million, respectively.
(5)	If derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement had been netted in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the total derivative asset and liability positions would have been reduced by $336 million each.

(Dollars in millions)
At December 31, 2010	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	—	$	2,473	$	—	$	2,473
Commercial paper	—		2,673		—		2,673
Money market funds	1,532		—		—		1,532
Foreign government securities	—		1,054		—		1,054
U.S. government securities	—		44		—		44
U.S. government agency securities	—		22		—		22
Other securities	—		3		—		3
Total	1,532		6,269		—		7,801
Debt securities — current(2)
Commercial paper	—		490		—		490
U.S. government securities	—		500		—		500
Other securities	—		1		—		1
Total	—		990		—		990
Debt securities — noncurrent(3)	1		6		—		7
Available-for-sale equity investments(3)	445		13		—		458
Derivative assets(4)
Interest rate contracts	—		548		—		548
Foreign exchange contracts	—		539		—		539
Equity contracts	—		12		—		12
Total	—		1,099		—		1,099		(6)
Total assets	$	1,978	$	8,377	$	—	$	10,355	(6)
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities(5)
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	1,003	$	—	$	1,003
Equity contracts	—		3		—		3
Total liabilities	$	—	$	1,006	$	—	$	1,006	(6)

(1)	Included within cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(2)	Reported as marketable securities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(3)	Included within investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
(4)	The gross balances of derivative assets contained within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2010 are $511 million and $588 million, respectively.
(5)	The gross balances of derivative liabilities contained within other accrued expenses and liabilities, and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2010 are $871 million and $135 million, respectively.
(6)	If derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement had been netted in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the total derivative asset and liability positions would have been reduced by $475 million each.

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Derivative Financial Instruments (Details 2) (USD $)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Fair value of derivative liabilities	$ 3,282,000,000	$ 3,576,000,000
Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Fair value of derivative liabilities	475,000,000	633,000,000
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Fair value of derivative liabilities	84,000,000	373,000,000
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments | Foreign exchange forward and swap contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Notional amount	9,600,000,000	13,000,000,000
Maximum length of time hedged (in years)	less than 2Y
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments | Equity contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Notional amount	900,000,000	1,000,000,000
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments | Credit default swaps
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Maximum length of time hedged (in years)	1Y or less
De-designated | Derivative instruments in net investment hedging relationships
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Notional amount		1,600,000,000
Fair value of derivative liabilities		221,000,000
Derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships | Interest rate swaps
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Notional amount	6,700,000,000	7,100,000,000
Average remaining maturity	5.1Y	5.7Y
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships | Interest rate swaps
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net gains (losses) in accumulated other comprehensive income in connection with cash flow hedges	(7,000,000)	(13,000,000)
Gains (losses) expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months	(8,000,000)	(8,000,000)
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Notional amount	11,200,000,000	11,300,000,000
Average remaining maturity	0.6Y	0.8Y
Net gains (losses) in accumulated other comprehensive income in connection with cash flow hedges	183,000,000	(147,000,000)
Gains (losses) expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months	195,000,000	(249,000,000)
Maximum length of time hedged (in years)	3.9Y
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships | Currency swaps
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Notional amount	100,000,000	200,000,000
Net gains (losses) in accumulated other comprehensive income in connection with cash flow hedges	(2,000,000)	(1,000,000)
Gains (losses) expected to be reclassified to net income within the next 12 months	(1,000,000)	(1,000,000)
Maximum length of time hedged (in years)	2.3Y
Derivative instruments in net investment hedging relationships
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Notional amount	$ 2,000,000,000	$ 1,900,000,000
Average remaining maturity	0.2Y	0.4Y

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Financing Receivables (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Financing Receivables

Financing receivables, net of allowances for credit losses, including residual values

(Dollars in millions)	At September 30, 2011		At December 31, 2010
Current:
Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases	$	3,834	$	3,945
Commercial financing receivables	5,027		6,777
Client loan receivables	4,531		4,718
Installment payment receivables	754		816
Total	$	14,145	$	16,257
Noncurrent:
Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases	$	5,117	$	5,384
Commercial financing receivables	37		43
Client loan receivables	4,303		4,734
Installment payment receivables	372		388
Total	$	9,830	$	10,548

Schedule of financing receivables and allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment

(Dollars in millions) At September 30, 2011	Major Markets			Growth Markets			Total
Financing receivables:
Lease receivables	$	6,290		$	1,935		$	8,225
Loan receivables	8,105			2,079			10,184
Ending balance	$	14,395		$	4,014		$	18,409
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	14,111		$	3,905		$	18,016
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	284		$	109		$	393
Allowance for credit losses:
Lease receivables	$	84		$	42		$	126
Loan receivables	150			76			226
Beginning balance at January 1, 2011	$	234		$	119		$	353
Charge-offs	(56		)	(13		)	(69		)
Provision	(15		)	1			(14		)
Other	2			(4		)	(2		)
Lease receivables	68			41			109
Loan receivables	96			62			158
Ending balance at September 30, 2011	$	165		$	102		$	267
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	43		$	13		$	56
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	122		$	89		$	211

(Dollars in millions) At December 31, 2010	Major Markets		Growth Markets		Total
Financing receivables:
Lease receivables	$	6,562	$	1,983	$	8,545
Loan receivables	9,087		1,993		11,080
Ending balance	$	15,650	$	3,975	$	19,625
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	15,199	$	3,794	$	18,993
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	451	$	181	$	632
Allowance for credit losses:
Lease receivables*	$	84	$	42	$	126
Loan receivables*	150		76		226
Ending balance at December 31, 2010	$	234	$	119	$	353
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	60	$	11	$	71
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	174	$	108	$	282

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

Schedule of recorded investment in financing receivables which are on Non-Accrual Status

(Dollars in millions)	At September 30,2011		At December 31, 2010
Major markets	$	46	$	69
Growth markets	20		33
Total lease receivables	$	66	$	101
Major markets	$	77	$	141
Growth markets	18		123
Total loan receivables	$	95	$	264
Total receivables	$	161	$	366

Schedule of impaired client loan receivables

	At September 30, 2011				At December 31, 2010
(Dollars in millions)	RecordedInvestment		RelatedAllowance		RecordedInvestment		Related Allowance
Major markets	$	111	$	75	$	196	$	119
Growth markets	59		52		132		68
Total	$	170	$	127	$	328	$	187

(Dollars in millions) For the three months ended September 30, 2011:	AverageRecordedInvestment		InterestIncomeRecognized*		InterestIncomeRecognized on Cash Basis
Major markets	$	125	$	1	$	0
Growth markets	60		0		0
Total	$	185	$	1	$	0

* Impaired loans are placed on non-accrual status, depending on the level of impairment.

(Dollars in millions) For the nine months ended September 30, 2011:	AverageRecordedInvestment		InterestIncomeRecognized*		InterestIncomeRecognized on Cash Basis
Major markets	$	150	$	2	$	0
Growth markets	97		0		0
Total	$	248	$	2	$	0

* Impaired loans are placed on non-accrual status, depending on the level of impairment.

Schedule of gross recorded investment by credit quality indicator

	Lease Receivables				Loan Receivables
(Dollars in millions) At September 30, 2011:	MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets		MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets
Credit Rating:
Aaa — Aa3	$	810	$	151	$	1,043	$	162
A1 — A3	1,357		188		1,748		202
Baal — Baa3	2,296		738		2,958		793
Bal — Ba2	944		471		1,217		506
Ba3 — B1	548		259		706		278
B2 — B3	230		109		297		117
Caa — D	105		19		135		20
Total	$	6,290	$	1,935	$	8,105	$	2,079

	Lease Receivables*				Loan Receivables*
(Dollars in millions) At December 31, 2010:	MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets		MajorMarkets		GrowthMarkets
Credit Rating:
Aaa — Aa3	$	794	$	173	$	1,100	$	173
A1 — A3	1,463		182		2,026		183
Baal — Baa3	2,494		837		3,453		841
Bal — Ba2	899		403		1,245		405
Ba3 — B1	518		242		718		243
B2 — B3	230		93		318		94
Caa — D	164		54		227		54
Total	$	6,562	$	1,983	$	9,087	$	1,993

* Reclassified to conform with 2011 presentation.

Schedule of past due financing receivables

(Dollars in millions) At September 30, 2011:	Total Past Due > 90 days*		Current		Total Financing Receivables		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
Major markets	$	10	$	6,279	$	6,290	$	10
Growth markets	13		1,923		1,935		10
Total lease receivables	$	23	$	8,202	$	8,225	$	19
Major markets	$	28	$	8,077	$	8,105	$	11
Growth markets	20		2,059		2,079		18
Total loan receivables	$	48	$	10,136	$	10,184	$	30
Total	$	71	$	18,337	$	18,409	$	49

* Does not include accounts that are fully reserved.

(Dollars in millions) At December 31, 2010:	Total Past Due > 90 days*		Current		Total Financing Receivables		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
Major markets	$	10	$	6,552	$	6,562	$	5
Growth markets	13		1,970		1,983		5
Total lease receivables	$	22	$	8,523	$	8,545	$	10
Major markets	$	11	$	9,076	$	9,087	$	4
Growth markets	32		1,961		1,993		17
Total loan receivables	$	43	$	11,037	$	11,080	$	21
Total	$	65	$	19,560	$	19,625	$	31

* Does not include accounts that are fully reserved.

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Accounting Changes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Accounting Changes

Accounting Changes

2. Accounting Changes: In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued amended guidance that will simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. After assessment of certain qualitative factors, if it is determined to be more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, entities must perform the quantitative analysis of the goodwill impairment test. Otherwise, the quantitative test(s) become optional. The guidance is effective January 1, 2012 with early adoption permitted. The company will elect to adopt this guidance for the 2011 goodwill impairment test performed in the fourth quarter.

In September 2011, the FASB issued additional disclosure requirements for entities which participate in multi-employer pension plans. The purpose of the new disclosures is to provide financial statement users with information about an employer’s level of participation in and the financial health of significant plans. The new disclosures are effective for the December 31, 2011 financial statements. The company does not participate in any material multi-employer plans. There will be no impact to the consolidated financial results as the changes relate only to additional disclosures.

In June 2011, the FASB issued amended disclosure requirements for the presentation of comprehensive income. The amended guidance eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income (OCI) as part of the statement of changes in equity. Under the amended guidance, all changes in OCI are to be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income, or in two separate but consecutive financial statements. The changes are effective January 1, 2012 with early adoption permitted. There will be no impact to the consolidated financial results as the amendments relate only to changes in financial statement presentation.

In May 2011, the FASB issued amended guidance and disclosure requirements for fair value measurements.  These amendments are not expected to have a material impact to the consolidated financial results. These changes will be effective January 1, 2012 on a prospective basis. Early application is not permitted.

In January 2011, the FASB temporarily deferred the disclosures regarding troubled debt restructurings which were included in the disclosure requirements concerning the credit quality of financing receivables and the allowance for credit losses which were issued in July 2010.  In April 2011, the FASB issued additional guidance and clarifications to help creditors in determining whether a creditor has granted a concession, and whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties for purposes of determining whether a restructuring constitutes a troubled debt restructuring. The new guidance and the previously deferred disclosures became effective July 1, 2011 applied retrospectively to January 1, 2011. Prospective application is required for any new impairments identified as a result of this guidance. These changes did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. For further information on the disclosures regarding the credit quality of financing receivables, see Note 5 on pages 13 to 17.

In December 2010, the FASB issued amended guidance to clarify the acquisition date that should be used for reporting pro-forma financial information for business combinations. If comparative financial statements are presented, the pro-forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the comparable prior reporting period should be reported as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the current year had been completed as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period. The amendments in this guidance became effective prospectively for business combinations for which the acquisition date was on or after January 1, 2011. There was no impact in the consolidated financial results as the amendments relate only to additional disclosures.

In December 2010, the FASB issued amendments to the guidance on goodwill impairment testing. The amendments modify step 1 of the goodwill impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. For those reporting units, an entity is required to perform step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In making that determination, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that impairment may exist. The amendments were effective January 1, 2011 and did not have a material impact in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2010, the FASB issued additional disclosure requirements for fair value measurements which the company included in its interim and annual financial statements in 2010.  Certain disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) were deferred until January 1, 2011. These new requirements did not have an impact in the consolidated financial results as they relate only to additional disclosures.

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Acquisitions/Divestitures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Acquisitions/Divestitures

Acquisitions/Divestitures

11. Acquisitions/Divestitures:

Acquisitions: During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, the company completed one acquisition: in April, the company acquired 100 percent of TRIRIGA, Inc. (TRIRIGA), a privately held company.  TRIRIGA is a provider of facility and real estate management software solutions, which help clients make strategic decisions regarding space usage, evaluate alternative real estate initiatives, generate higher returns from capital projects and assess environmental impact investments. The acquisition adds advanced real estate intelligence to the company’s smarter buildings initiative. TRIRIGA will be integrated into the Software and Global Business Services segments. Purchase price consideration for the acquisition is paid primarily in cash.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method, and accordingly, the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity were recorded at their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The acquisition did not have a material impact in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

On October 21, 2011, the company announced that it had completed the acquisition of Algorithmics, Inc. (Algorithmics). Algorithmics, a privately held company, is a risk analytics firm with operations in Toronto, Canada.  Algorithmics’ risk analytics software, content and advisory services are used by banking, investment and insurance businesses to help assess risk, address regulatory requirements and make more insightful business decisions. This acquisition expands the company’s business analytics capabilities in the financial services industry. At the date of issuance of the financial statements, the initial purchase accounting was not complete for this acquisition.

On October 4, 2011, the company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Q1 Labs, a privately held company based in Waltham, Massachusetts. Q1 Labs is a provider of security intelligence software and will accelerate the company’s efforts to help clients more intelligently secure their enterprises by applying analytics to correlate information from key security domains and creating security dashboards for their organizations. The acquisition is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2011.

On October 5, 2011, the company announced that it had completed the acquisition of i2, a privately held company based in Cambridge, United Kingdom, with its U.S. headquarters in McLean, Virginia. i2 expands the company’s big data analytics software for smarter cities by helping both public and private entities in government, law enforcement, retail, insurance and other industries access and analyze information they need to address crime, fraud and security threats.  At the date of issuance of the financial statements, the initial purchase accounting was not complete for the i2 acquisition.

On October 11, 2011, the company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Platform Computing, a privately held company headquartered in Toronto, Canada. Platform Computing is a global leader in cluster and grid management software for distributed computing environments. Platform Computing helps clients manage shared computing environments that are used in resource- intensive applications such as simulations and analytics. The acquisition is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2011.

Divestitures: During the second quarter of 2011, the company completed two divestitures related to subsidiaries of IBM Japan. The impact of these transactions was not material to the company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

On March 31, 2010, the company completed the sale of its activities associated with the sales and support of Dassault Systemes’ (Dassault) product lifecycle management (PLM) software, including customer contracts and related assets to Dassault. The company received net proceeds of $459 million and recognized a net gain of $591 million on the transaction in the first quarter of 2010. The gain was net of the fair value of certain contractual terms, certain transaction costs and the assets and liabilities sold. The gain was recorded in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and the net proceeds were reflected in proceeds from disposition of marketable securities and other investments within cash flow from investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

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Restructuring-Related Liabilities (Details) (USD $) In Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011
Rollforward of restructuring-related liabilities, current
Current liabilities beginning balance	$ 53
Payments	(41)
Other Adjustments	7
Current liabilities ending balance	19
Rollforward of restructuring-related liabilities, noncurrent
Noncurrent liabilities beginning balance	399
Other adjustments	12
Noncurrent liabilities ending balance	411
Workforce
Rollforward of restructuring-related liabilities, current
Current liabilities beginning balance	45
Payments	(36)
Other Adjustments	4
Current liabilities ending balance	14
Rollforward of restructuring-related liabilities, noncurrent
Noncurrent liabilities beginning balance	395
Other adjustments	14
Noncurrent liabilities ending balance	409
Space.
Rollforward of restructuring-related liabilities, current
Current liabilities beginning balance	8
Payments	(6)
Other Adjustments	3
Current liabilities ending balance	5
Rollforward of restructuring-related liabilities, noncurrent
Noncurrent liabilities beginning balance	4
Other adjustments	(2)
Noncurrent liabilities ending balance	$ 2

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Subsequent Events (Details) (USD $) In Billions, except Per Share data	1 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2011
Dividend declared
Subsequent events:
Subsequent event, dividend per share amount (in dollars per share)	$ 0.75
Subsequent event, date	Oct. 25, 2011
Stock repurchase authorized
Subsequent events:
Subsequent event, date	Oct. 25, 2011
Subsequent event, amount authorized for stock repurchase	$ 7

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Fair Value Measurements (Details) (USD $) In Millions	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 7,864	$ 7,801
Debt securities - current		990
Debt securities - noncurrent	8	7
Available-for-sale equity investments	74	458
Potential reduction in net position of total derivative liabilities	336	475
Level 1 | Money market funds | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	319	1,532
Level 1 | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	319	1,532
Debt securities - noncurrent	1	1
Available-for-sale equity investments	61	445
Total Assets	381	1,978
Level 2 | Time deposits and certificates of deposit | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	3,602	2,473
Level 2 | Commercial paper | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	2,794	2,673
Debt securities - current		490
Level 2 | Foreign government securities | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents		1,054
Level 2 | U.S. government securities | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	1,110	44
Debt securities - current		500
Level 2 | U.S. government agency securities | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents		22
Level 2 | Other securities | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	40	3
Debt securities - current		1
Level 2 | Interest rate contracts | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Derivative assets	895	548
Level 2 | Foreign exchange contracts | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Derivative assets	489	539
Derivative liabilities	535	1,003
Level 2 | Equity contracts | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Derivative assets	7	12
Derivative liabilities	25	3
Level 2 | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	7,545	6,269
Debt securities - current		990
Debt securities - noncurrent	7	6
Available-for-sale equity investments	13	13
Derivative assets	1,391	1,099
Total Assets	8,956	8,377
Total Liabilities	560	1,006
Total fair value | Time deposits and certificates of deposit | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	3,602	2,473
Total fair value | Commercial paper | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	2,794	2,673
Debt securities - current		490
Total fair value | Money market funds | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	319	1,532
Total fair value | Foreign government securities | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents		1,054
Total fair value | U.S. government securities | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	1,110	44
Debt securities - current		500
Total fair value | U.S. government agency securities | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents		22
Total fair value | Other securities | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	40	3
Debt securities - current		1
Total fair value | Interest rate contracts | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Derivative assets	895	548
Total fair value | Foreign exchange contracts | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Derivative assets	489	539
Derivative liabilities	535	1,003
Total fair value | Equity contracts | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Derivative assets	7	12
Derivative liabilities	25	3
Total fair value | Recurring
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	7,864	7,801
Debt securities - current		990
Debt securities - noncurrent	8	7
Available-for-sale equity investments	74	458
Derivative assets	1,391	1,099
Total Assets	9,337	10,355
Total Liabilities	560	1,006
Potential reduction in net position of total derivative assets	336	475
Potential reduction in net position of total derivative liabilities	336	475
Time deposits and certificates of deposit
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	3,602	2,473
Commercial paper
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	2,794	2,673
Debt securities - current		490
Money market funds
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	319	1,532
Foreign government securities
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents		1,054
U.S. government securities
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	1,110	44
Debt securities - current		500
U.S. government agency securities
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents		22
Other securities
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Cash and cash equivalents	40	3
Debt securities - current		1
Debt securities - noncurrent	8	7
Recurring | Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Derivative assets	492	511
Recurring | Investments and other sundry assets
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Derivative assets	900	588
Recurring | Other accrued expenses and liabilities
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Derivative liabilities	447	871
Recurring | Other liabilities.
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Derivative liabilities	$ 112	$ 135

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Commitments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

Commitments

Commitments

15. Commitments: The company’s extended lines of credit to third-party entities include unused amounts of $3,815 million and $3,415 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. A portion of these amounts was available to the company’s business partners to support their working capital needs. In addition, the company has committed to provide future financing to its clients in connection with client purchase agreements for approximately $2,767 million and $2,825 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

The company has applied the guidance requiring a guarantor to disclose certain types of guarantees, even if the likelihood of requiring the guarantor’s performance is remote. The following is a description of arrangements in which the company is the guarantor.

The company is a party to a variety of agreements pursuant to which it may be obligated to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Typically, these obligations arise in the context of contracts entered into by the company, under which the company customarily agrees to hold the party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations and covenants related to such matters as title to the assets sold, certain intellectual property (IP) rights, specified environmental matters, third-party performance of non-financial contractual obligations and certain income taxes. In each of these circumstances, payment by the company is conditioned on the other party making a claim pursuant to the procedures specified in the particular contract, which procedures typically allow the company to challenge the other party’s claims. While typically indemnification provisions do not include a contractual maximum on the company’s payment, the company’s obligations under these agreements may be limited in terms of time and/or nature of claim, and in some instances, the company may have recourse against third parties for certain payments made by the company.

It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements, due to the conditional nature of the company’s obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the company under these agreements have not had a material effect on the company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

In addition, the company guarantees certain loans and financial commitments. The maximum potential future payment under these financial guarantees was $52 million and $48 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The fair value of the guarantees recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position was not material.

Changes in the company’s warranty liability for standard warranties and deferred income for extended warranty contracts  are presented in the following tables:

Standard Warranty Liability

(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010
Balance at January 1	$	375		$	316
Current period accruals	309			284
Accrual adjustments to reflect actual experience	15			31
Charges incurred	(318		)	(326		)
Balance at September 30	$	382		$	305

Extended Warranty Liability

(Dollars in millions)	2011			2010
Aggregate deferred revenue at January 1	$	670		$		665
Revenue deferred for new extended warranty contracts	225			217
Amortization of deferred revenue	(256		)	(221			)
Other*	(18		)	(29			)
Aggregate deferred revenue at September 30	$	621		$		632
Current portion	$	305		$		303
Noncurrent portion	316			329
Aggregate deferred revenue at September 30	$	621		$	632

* Other primarily consists of foreign currency translation adjustments.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS (USD $) In Millions, except Per Share data	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011		Sep. 30, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011		Sep. 30, 2010
Revenue:
Services	$ 15,299		$ 14,179	$ 45,241		$ 41,808
Sales	10,331		9,556	30,612		27,413
Financing	527		536	1,577		1,630
Total revenue	26,157		24,271	77,430		70,852	[1]
Cost:
Services	10,138		9,509	30,569		28,221
Sales	3,570		3,512	10,657		10,049
Financing	276		249	787		795
Total cost	13,984		13,270	42,014	[1]	39,065
Gross profit	12,173		11,001	35,416		31,787
Expense and other income:
Selling, general and administrative	5,662		5,149	17,518		15,886
Research, development and engineering	1,546		1,464	4,703		4,448
Intellectual property and custom development income	(298)		(278)	(855)		(836)
Other (income) and expense	128		(106)	23		(746)
Interest expense	107		95	298		267
Total expense and other income	7,146	[1]	6,324	21,687		19,019
Income before income taxes	5,027		4,677	13,729		12,767	[1]
Provision for income taxes	1,188		1,088	3,364		3,192
Net income	$ 3,839		$ 3,589	$ 10,365		$ 9,576	[1]
Earnings per share of common stock:
Assuming dilution (in dollars per share)	$ 3.19		$ 2.82	$ 8.48		$ 7.38
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 3.23		$ 2.86	$ 8.60		$ 7.49
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: (millions)
Assuming dilution (in shares)	1,204.9		1,272.8	1,222.1		1,297.0
Basic (in shares)	1,188.6		1,255.2	1,205.2		1,278.3
Cash dividend per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.75		$ 0.65	$ 2.15		$ 1.85

[1] Amounts may not add due to rounding.

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Financing Receivables (Details) (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified					9 Months Ended				9 Months Ended				9 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011 Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases	Dec. 31, 2010 Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases	Sep. 30, 2011 Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases Financing receivable, upper range of payment terms Y	Sep. 30, 2011 Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases Financing receivable, lower range of payment terms Y	Sep. 30, 2011 Commercial financing receivables	Dec. 31, 2010 Commercial financing receivables	Sep. 30, 2011 Commercial financing receivables Financing receivable, upper range of payment terms D	Sep. 30, 2011 Commercial financing receivables Financing receivable, lower range of payment terms D	Sep. 30, 2011 Client loan receivables	Dec. 31, 2010 Client loan receivables	Sep. 30, 2011 Client loan receivables Financing receivable, upper range of payment terms Y	Sep. 30, 2011 Client loan receivables Financing receivable, lower range of payment terms Y	Sep. 30, 2011 Installment payment receivables	Dec. 31, 2010 Installment payment receivables	Sep. 30, 2011 Installment payment receivables Financing receivable, upper range of payment terms Y	Sep. 30, 2011 Installment payment receivables Financing receivable, lower range of payment terms Y
Financing receivables, current
Financing receivables, net, current	$ 14,145	$ 16,257	$ 3,834	$ 3,945			$ 5,027	$ 6,777			$ 4,531	$ 4,718			$ 754	$ 816
Financing receivables, noncurrent
Financing receivables, net, noncurrent	9,830	10,548	5,117	5,384			37	43			4,303	4,734			372	388
Financing receivables
Financing receivable, payment terms					6	2			90	30			7	2			3	2
Sales-type and direct financing leases, unguaranteed residual value			738	871
Sales-type and direct financing leases, unearned income			746	816
Sales-type and direct financing leases, credit losses			109	126			45	58			99	160			49	56
Financing receivables used as collateral for non-recourse borrowings	$ 307	$ 302

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Retirement-Related Benefits (Details) (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010
Retirement-related plans cost
Defined benefit and contribution pension plan - cost	$ 357	$ 246	$ 1,159	$ 801
Nonpension postretirement plans - cost	87	87	261	260
Total	444	333	1,419	1,061
Year-to-year percent change, defined benefit and contribution pension plans cost (as a percent)	45.20%		44.70%
Year-to-year percent change, Nonpension postretirement plans cost (as a percent)	0.00%		0.20%
Year-to-year percent change, total (as a percent)	33.30%		33.80%
Proceeds from Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003	14.5		32.5
Defined Benefit Pension Plans | U.S. Plan(s)
Retirement-related plans cost
Interest cost	614	650	1,842	1,951
Expected return on plan assets	(1,011)	(1,004)	(3,032)	(3,013)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)	2	2	7	7
Recognized actuarial losses	205	118	614	353
Total net periodic pension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans	(190)	(234)	(569)	(702)
Cost of defined contribution plans	218	216	698	693
Defined benefit and contribution pension plan - cost	28	(18)	129	(8)
Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Non-U.S. Plans
Retirement-related plans cost
Service cost	128	126	384	377
Interest cost	467	456	1,391	1,369
Expected return on plan assets	(641)	(610)	(1,904)	(1,827)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)	(41)	(44)	(121)	(128)
Recognized actuarial losses	240	178	727	527
Curtailments and settlements	0	0	1	27
Multi-employer plan/other costs	21	27	94	79
Total net periodic pension (income)/cost of defined benefit plans	173	132	572	422
Cost of defined contribution plans	156	132	458	387
Defined benefit and contribution pension plan - cost	329	264	1,030	809
Expected current year contributions to non-U.S. defined benefit plans	800		800
Year-to-date contributions to non-U.S. defined benefit plans			611
Nonpension Postretirement Plans | U.S. Plan(s)
Retirement-related plans cost
Service cost	9	8	25	25
Interest cost	59	65	177	196
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)		(4)		(11)
Curtailments and settlements		1		1
Nonpension postretirement plans - cost	68	71	202	211
Nonpension Postretirement Plans | Non-U.S. Plans
Retirement-related plans cost
Service cost	3	2	8	7
Interest cost	17	15	51	44
Expected return on plan assets	(3)	(2)	(8)	(7)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)	(1)	(1)	(3)	(4)
Recognized actuarial losses	4	3	11	9
Nonpension postretirement plans - cost	$ 20	$ 16	$ 59	$ 49

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Commitments (Details) (USD $) In Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011 Extended lines of credit	Dec. 31, 2010 Extended lines of credit	Sep. 30, 2011 Financing for client purchase agreements	Dec. 31, 2010 Financing for client purchase agreements	Sep. 30, 2011 Financial guarantees	Dec. 31, 2010 Financial guarantees
Commitments, guarantees:
Unused amounts in lines of credit to third-party entities and commitments for future financing to clients			$ 3,815	$ 3,415	$ 2,767	$ 2,825
Guarantor obligations, maximum exposure							52	48
Movement in standard warranty liability
Beginning Balance	375	316
Current period accruals	309	284
Accrual adjustments to reflect actual experience	15	31
Charges incurred	(318)	(326)
Ending Balance	$ 382	$ 305

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Derivative Financial Instruments (Details 3) (USD $) In Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives	$ 438	$ 881	$ 816	$ 940
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings attributable to risk being hedged	(281)	(148)	(241)	(412)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, Effective Portion Recognized in AOCI	532	(1,367)	(174)	611
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, Effective Portion Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings	(167)	(7)	(494)	(152)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, (Ineffectiveness) and Amounts Excluded from Effectiveness Testing	(6)	5	(12)	(2)
Interest rate contracts | Derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships | Cost of financing
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income, recognized on derivative instruments in fair value hedges	204	135	263	382
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings attributable to risk being hedged	(166)	(90)	(142)	(251)
Interest rate contracts | Derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships | Interest expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income, recognized on derivative instruments in fair value hedges	141	86	183	245
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings attributable to risk being hedged	(115)	(58)	(99)	(161)
Interest rate contracts | Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships | Interest expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, Effective Portion Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings	(2)	(2)	(6)	(6)
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivative instruments in net investment hedging relationships | Interest expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, Effective Portion Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings		0		0
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, (Ineffectiveness) and Amounts Excluded from Effectiveness Testing	(4)	1	(10)	1
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments | Other (income) and expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives	183	584	388	279
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships | Other (income) and expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, Effective Portion Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings	(86)	(5)	(256)	(19)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, (Ineffectiveness) and Amounts Excluded from Effectiveness Testing	(2)	4	(2)	(3)
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments | Other (income) and expense | Warrants
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives	10		10
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships | Cost of sales
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, Effective Portion Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings	(60)	1	(163)	(81)
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships | Selling, general and administrative expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, Effective Portion Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings	(19)	(2)	(70)	(46)
Equity contracts | Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments | Selling, general and administrative expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives	(100)	76	(28)	34
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, Effective Portion Recognized in AOCI	295	(927)	(159)	464
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivative instruments in net investment hedging relationships
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income, Effective Portion Recognized in AOCI	$ 237	$ (440)	$ (15)	$ 147

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Stock-Based Compensation (Details) (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Sep. 30, 2010	Sep. 30, 2011 Y basispoint entity country	Sep. 30, 2010
Stock-based compensation cost, allocation of recognized costs
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost	$ 166	$ 153	$ 498	$ 474
Income tax benefits	(57)	(57)	(177)	(174)
Total Stock-based compensation cost	109	96	321	300
Stock-based compensation cost, increase (decrease) related to the company's assumption of stock-based awards previously issued by acquired entities	2		21
Stock-based compensation cost, increase (decrease) due to restricted stock units	11		6
Stock-based compensation cost, increase (decrease) due to stock option compensation costs			(3)
Stock-based compensation cost, unrecognized, related to non-vested awards.	1,455		1,455
Stock-based compensation cost, unrecognized, related to non-vested awards, weighted-average period of recognition (in years)			3
Cost
Stock-based compensation cost, allocation of recognized costs
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost	35	23	81	72
Selling, general and administrative
Stock-based compensation cost, allocation of recognized costs
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost	116	118	372	366
Research, development and engineering
Stock-based compensation cost, allocation of recognized costs
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost	15	12	45	36
Other (income) and expense
Stock-based compensation cost, allocation of recognized costs
Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost				$ (1)

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Intangible Assets Including Goodwill (Details 3) (USD $) In Millions	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Changes in Goodwill Balances
Beginning Balance	$ 25,136	$ 20,190
Goodwill Additions	77	4,754
Purchase Price Adjustments	(13)	(54)
Divestitures	(11)
Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments	(276)	245
Ending Balance	24,913	25,136
Global Business Services
Changes in Goodwill Balances
Beginning Balance	4,329	4,042
Goodwill Additions	13	252
Purchase Price Adjustments	0	0
Divestitures	(10)
Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments	3	35
Ending Balance	4,336	4,329
Global Technology Services
Changes in Goodwill Balances
Beginning Balance	2,704	2,777
Goodwill Additions		32
Purchase Price Adjustments	(1)	(1)
Divestitures	(2)
Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments	(58)	(104)
Ending Balance	2,643	2,704
Software.
Changes in Goodwill Balances
Beginning Balance	16,963	12,605
Goodwill Additions	64	4,095
Purchase Price Adjustments	(7)	(52)
Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments	(221)	315
Ending Balance	16,800	16,963
Systems and Technology
Changes in Goodwill Balances
Beginning Balance	1,139	766
Goodwill Additions		375
Purchase Price Adjustments	(5)	(1)
Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments	0	(1)
Ending Balance	$ 1,134	$ 1,139

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Financing Receivables (Details 2) (USD $) In Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Financing Receivables:
Ending Balance	$ 18,409	$ 19,625
Collectively evaluated for impairment	18,016	18,993
Individually evaluated for impairment	393	632
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance	353
Charge-offs	(69)
Provision	(14)
Other	(2)
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance	267
Collectively evaluated for impairment	56	71
Individually evaluated for impairment	211	282
Lease receivables
Financing Receivables:
Ending Balance	8,225	8,545
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance		126
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance	109	126
Lease receivables | Major Markets
Financing Receivables:
Ending Balance	6,290	6,562
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance		84
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance	68	84
Lease receivables | Growth Markets
Financing Receivables:
Ending Balance	1,935	1,983
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance		42
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance	41	42
Client loan receivables
Financing Receivables:
Ending Balance	10,184	11,080
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance		226
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance	158	226
Client loan receivables | Major Markets
Financing Receivables:
Ending Balance	8,105	9,087
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance		150
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance	96	150
Client loan receivables | Growth Markets
Financing Receivables:
Ending Balance	2,079	1,993
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance		76
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance	62	76
Major Markets
Financing Receivables:
Ending Balance	14,395	15,650
Collectively evaluated for impairment	14,111	15,199
Individually evaluated for impairment	284	451
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance	234
Charge-offs	(56)
Provision	(15)
Other	2
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance	165
Collectively evaluated for impairment	43	60
Individually evaluated for impairment	122	174
Growth Markets
Financing Receivables:
Ending Balance	4,014	3,975
Collectively evaluated for impairment	3,905	3,794
Individually evaluated for impairment	109	181
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance	119
Charge-offs	(13)
Provision	1
Other	(4)
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance	102
Collectively evaluated for impairment	13	11
Individually evaluated for impairment	$ 89	$ 108