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Retirement-Related Benefits (Pension Plan Assets) (Details) (USD $)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2011
Pension Contributions      
Cash contribution by employer to defined contribution plans $ 1,361,000,000 $ 1,478,000,000  
Estimated future employer contributions to defined contribution plans in next fiscal year 1,300,000,000    
Multi-employer Plans - Non-U.S. Plans
      
Pension Contributions      
Cash contribution by employer to non-U.S. multi-employer plans 57,000,000 60,000,000  
Qualified PPP
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 53,784,000,000 54,072,000,000  
Net unsettled transactions, relating primarily to purchases and sales of plan assets 170,000,000 (442,000,000)  
Fair Value of plan assets 53,954,000,000 53,630,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Equity securities
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 15,929,000,000 15,163,000,000  
Value of IBM securities included in plan assets 83,000,000 113,000,000  
Percentage of IBM securities included in plan assets 0.20% 0.20%  
Qualified PPP | Equity commingled/mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 2,809,000,000 2,652,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Government and related
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 7,094,000,000 12,951,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Corporate bonds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 14,644,000,000 8,510,000,000  
Value of IBM securities included in plan assets 9,000,000 6,000,000  
Percentage of IBM securities included in plan assets 0.02% 0.01%  
Qualified PPP | Mortgage and asset-backed securities
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 709,000,000 968,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Fixed income commingled/ mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,211,000,000 1,226,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Cash and short-term investments
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 2,343,000,000 3,442,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Hedge funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 2,228,000,000 2,159,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Private equity
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 3,771,000,000 4,085,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Private real estate
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 3,038,000,000 2,861,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Derivatives
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 7,000,000 56,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 1
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 16,795,000,000 15,650,000,000  
Fair Value of plan assets 16,795,000,000 15,650,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 1 | Equity securities
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 15,929,000,000 15,161,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 1 | Equity commingled/mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 216,000,000 96,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 1 | Fixed income commingled/ mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 221,000,000 155,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 1 | Cash and short-term investments
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 427,000,000 244,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 1 | Derivatives
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,000,000 (6,000,000)  
Qualified PPP | Level 2
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 29,021,000,000 30,390,000,000  
Fair Value of plan assets 29,021,000,000 30,390,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 2 | Equity securities
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction   1,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 2 | Equity commingled/mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 2,593,000,000 2,556,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 2 | Government and related
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 7,093,000,000 12,945,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 2 | Corporate bonds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 14,639,000,000 8,499,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 2 | Mortgage and asset-backed securities
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 691,000,000 922,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 2 | Fixed income commingled/ mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 716,000,000 804,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 2 | Cash and short-term investments
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,915,000,000 3,198,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 2 | Hedge funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,368,000,000 1,402,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 2 | Derivatives
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 6,000,000 62,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 3
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 7,968,000,000 8,032,000,000  
Fair Value of plan assets 7,968,000,000 8,032,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 3 | Government and related
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,000,000 6,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 3 | Corporate bonds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 5,000,000 11,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 3 | Mortgage and asset-backed securities
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 19,000,000 45,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 3 | Fixed income commingled/ mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 274,000,000 267,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 3 | Hedge funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 860,000,000 756,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 3 | Private equity
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 3,771,000,000 4,085,000,000  
Qualified PPP | Level 3 | Private real estate
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 3,038,000,000 2,861,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 39,544,000,000 38,124,000,000  
Net unsettled transactions, relating primarily to purchases and sales of plan assets (80,000,000) (66,000,000)  
Fair Value of plan assets 39,464,000,000 38,058,000,000 35,362,000,000
Pension Contributions      
Cash contribution by employer to non-U.S. defined benefit plans 449,000,000 557,000,000  
Estimates cash contributions to the defined contribution plans 600,000,000    
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Equity securities
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 6,489,000,000 6,395,000,000  
Value of IBM securities included in plan assets 31,000,000 40,000,000  
Percentage of IBM securities included in plan assets 0.10% 0.10%  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Equity commingled/mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 8,457,000,000 7,779,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Government and related
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 8,724,000,000 9,054,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Corporate bonds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,885,000,000 1,883,000,000  
Value of IBM securities included in plan assets 1,000,000 2,000,000  
Percentage of IBM securities included in plan assets 0.001% 0.004%  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Mortgage and asset-backed securities
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 8,000,000 9,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Fixed income commingled/ mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 8,670,000,000 8,096,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Insurance contracts
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,196,000,000 1,019,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Cash and short-term investments
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 605,000,000 507,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Hedge funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 740,000,000 646,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Private equity
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 410,000,000 353,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Private real estate
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 655,000,000 609,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Derivatives
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 151,000,000 857,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Other commingled/mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,554,000,000 919,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 1
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 6,886,000,000 6,757,000,000  
Fair Value of plan assets 6,886,000,000 6,757,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 1 | Equity securities
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 6,489,000,000 6,395,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 1 | Equity commingled/mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 132,000,000 138,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 1 | Fixed income commingled/ mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 75,000,000 78,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 1 | Cash and short-term investments
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 154,000,000 134,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 1 | Derivatives
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,000,000 0  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 1 | Other commingled/mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 36,000,000 12,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 2
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 31,547,000,000 30,325,000,000  
Fair Value of plan assets 31,547,000,000 30,325,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 2 | Equity commingled/mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 8,325,000,000 7,641,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 2 | Government and related
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 8,682,000,000 8,978,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 2 | Corporate bonds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,881,000,000 1,878,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 2 | Mortgage and asset-backed securities
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 8,000,000 9,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 2 | Fixed income commingled/ mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 8,596,000,000 8,018,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 2 | Insurance contracts
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,196,000,000 1,019,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 2 | Cash and short-term investments
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 451,000,000 373,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 2 | Hedge funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 740,000,000 646,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 2 | Derivatives
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 150,000,000 856,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 2 | Other commingled/mutual funds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,518,000,000 907,000,000  
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 3
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 1,110,000,000 1,042,000,000  
Fair Value of plan assets 1,110,000,000 1,042,000,000 977,000,000
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 3 | Government and related
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 42,000,000 76,000,000  
Fair Value of plan assets 42,000,000 76,000,000 96,000,000
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 3 | Corporate bonds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 4,000,000 5,000,000  
Fair Value of plan assets 4,000,000 5,000,000 39,000,000
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 3 | Private equity
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 410,000,000 353,000,000  
Fair Value of plan assets 410,000,000 353,000,000 262,000,000
Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Level 3 | Private real estate
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair value of plan assets, before unsettled transaction 655,000,000 609,000,000  
Fair Value of plan assets 655,000,000 609,000,000 580,000,000
Nonpension Postretirement Plans
      
Pension Contributions      
Employer contributions, excluding the Medicare-related subsidy 80,000,000 693,000,000  
U.S. Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair Value of plan assets 177,000,000 433,000,000 38,000,000
Pension Contributions      
Employer voluntary contributions to fund post-2012 benefit payments for Medicare-eligible prescription drugs   400,000,000  
U.S. Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans | Level 2 | Government and related fixed income securities and corporate bonds
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair Value of plan assets 92,000,000 119,000,000  
Non-U.S. Nonpension Postretirement Plans
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair Value of plan assets 92,000,000 119,000,000 112,000,000
Non-U.S. Nonpension Postretirement Plans | Level 1 | Cash
      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures      
Fair Value of plan assets $ 177,000,000 $ 433,000,000