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Intangible Assets Including Goodwill
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets Including Goodwill INTANGIBLE ASSETS INCLUDING GOODWILL
Intangible Assets
The following table presents the company’s intangible asset balances by major asset class.
($ in millions)
At December 31, 2023:Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount (1)
Intangible asset class
Capitalized software$1,636 $(762)$874 
Client relationships9,053 (3,500)5,553 
Completed technology5,713 (2,510)3,203 
Patents/trademarks1,821 (436)1,385 
Other (2)
41 (20)22 
Total$18,265 $(7,229)$11,036 

($ in millions)
At December 31, 2022:Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount (1)
Intangible asset class
Capitalized software$1,650 $(705)$945 
Client relationships8,559 (2,951)5,608 
Completed technology5,220 (2,045)3,175 
Patents/trademarks2,140 (688)1,452 
Other (2)
19 (15)4 
Total$17,588 $(6,404)$11,184 
(1)    Amounts as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 include an increase in net intangible asset balance of $50 million and a decrease in net intangible asset balance of $198 million, respectively, due to foreign currency translation.
(2)    Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and nonproprietary data, business processes, methodologies and systems.
There was no impairment of intangible assets recorded in 2023 and 2022. The net carrying amount of intangible assets decreased $147 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to intangible asset amortization, partially offset by additions of acquired intangibles of $1,509 million primarily related to the acquisition of Apptio, Inc. and capitalized software. The aggregate intangible amortization expense was $2,287 million and $2,397 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, in 2023 and 2022, respectively, the company retired $1,505 million and $1,301 million of fully amortized intangible assets, impacting both the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization by this amount.
The future amortization expense relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet is estimated to be the following at December 31, 2023:
($ in millions)Capitalized
Software		Acquired
Intangibles		Total
2024$514 $1,743 $2,257 
2025260 1,713 1,973 
2026100 1,690 1,790 
2027— 1,671 1,671 
2028— 1,368 1,368 
Thereafter— 1,979 1,979 
Goodwill
The changes in the goodwill balances by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
($ in millions) 
SegmentBalance at January 1, 2023Goodwill
Additions		Purchase
Price
Adjustments		 Divestitures
Foreign
Currency
Translation
and Other
Adjustments (1)
Balance at December 31, 2023
Software$43,657 $3,538 $(17)$— $214 $47,392 
Consulting7,928 403 2 — 69 8,403 
Infrastructure4,363 12 — — 8 4,384 
Other— — — — — — 
Total$55,949 $3,953 $(15)$— $291 $60,178 
($ in millions) 
SegmentBalance at January 1, 2022Goodwill
Additions		Purchase
Price
Adjustments		Divestitures
Foreign
Currency
Translation
and Other
Adjustments (1)
Balance at December 31, 2022
Software$43,966 $568 $(118)$— $(760)$43,657 
Consulting6,797 1,366 (42)— (192)7,928 
Infrastructure4,396 — — (1)(32)4,363 
Other (2)
484 — — (484)— — 
Total$55,643 $1,934 $(159)$(485)$(984)$55,949 
(1)    Primarily driven by foreign currency translation.
(2)    The company derecognized goodwill related to the divestiture of its healthcare software assets in the second quarter of 2022.
There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded during 2023 or 2022 and the company has no accumulated impairment losses.
Purchase price adjustments recorded in 2023 and 2022 were related to acquisitions that were still subject to the measurement period that ends at the earlier of 12 months from the acquisition date or when information becomes available. Net purchase price adjustments recorded in 2023 were not material. Net purchase price adjustments recorded in 2022 primarily related to deferred tax assets and liabilities associated with the Turbonomic acquisition.