EXHIBIT 99.3


                                POWER OF ATTORNEY


      The undersigned hereby appoints Peter A. Cohen, Morgan B. Stark, Thomas W.
Strauss and Jeffrey M. Solomon, or any of them, his true and lawful attorney-in
fact and agent to execute and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission
any Schedule 13D, Schedule 13G, any amendments thereto and any related
documentation which may be required to be filed in his individual capacity as a
result of the undersigned's beneficial ownership of, or participation in a group
with respect to, securities directly or indirectly beneficially owned by Ramius
Capital Group, LLC or any of its affiliates, and granting unto said
attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and
every act and thing which he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and
confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent may lawfully do or cause to
be done by virtue hereof. The authority of Peter A. Cohen, Morgan B. Stark,
Thomas W. Strauss and Jeffrey M. Solomon, or any of them, under this Power of
Attorney shall continue with respect to the undersigned until the undersigned is
no longer required to file Schedule 13Ds or Schedule 13Gs unless revoked earlier
in writing.

Date: March 11, 2005




                                       /s/ Peter A. Cohen
                                       ---------------------------
                                       Peter A. Cohen





                                       /s/ Morgan B. Stark
                                       ---------------------------
                                       Morgan B. Stark





                                       /s/ Jeffrey M. Solomon
                                       ---------------------------
                                       Jeffrey M. Solomon





                                       /s/ Thomas W. Strauss
                                       ---------------------------
                                       Thomas W. Strauss