10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
	SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended	September 30, 2024
	OR
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
	SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from _______________ to _______________

Commission File Number: 1-4797

ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware				36-1258310
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)				(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
	155 Harlem Avenue	Glenview	IL	60025
(Address of principal executive offices)				(Zip Code)

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code) 847-724-7500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock	ITW	New York Stock Exchange
0.250% Euro Notes due 2024	ITW24A	New York Stock Exchange
0.625% Euro Notes due 2027	ITW27	New York Stock Exchange
3.250% Euro Notes due 2028	ITW28	New York Stock Exchange
2.125% Euro Notes due 2030	ITW30	New York Stock Exchange
1.00% Euro Notes due 2031	ITW31	New York Stock Exchange
3.375% Euro Notes due 2032	ITW32	New York Stock Exchange
3.00% Euro Notes due 2034	ITW34	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x                        No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes x                        No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	o
		Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐                      No ☒

The number of shares of registrant's common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding at September 30, 2024: 295.3 million

	Table of Contents
	PART I - Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	37
	PART II - Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	38
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	38
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	38
Item 6.	Exhibits	39
Signatures		40

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Income (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions except per share amounts	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating Revenue	$	3,966	$	4,031	$	11,966	$	12,124
Cost of revenue	2,230		2,319		6,637		7,004
Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses	658		615		2,020		1,980
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	26		27		76		88
Operating Income	1,052		1,070		3,233		3,052
Interest expense	(69)		(67)		(215)		(196)
Other income (expense)	379		10		421		40
Income Before Taxes	1,362		1,013		3,439		2,896
Income Taxes	202		241		701		656
Net Income	$	1,160	$	772	$	2,738	$	2,240
Net Income Per Share:
Basic	$	3.92	$	2.55	$	9.20	$	7.38
Diluted	$	3.91	$	2.55	$	9.17	$	7.36
Shares of Common Stock Outstanding During the Period:
Average	296.1		301.9		297.6		303.4
Average assuming dilution	297.0		303.0		298.5		304.5

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

3

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net Income	$	1,160	$	772	$	2,738	$	2,240
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	73		(82)		(20)		(61)
Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	3		—		5		—
Other comprehensive income (loss)	76		(82)		(15)		(61)
Comprehensive Income	$	1,236	$	690	$	2,723	$	2,179

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

4

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Financial Position (Unaudited)

In millions except per share amounts	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and equivalents	$	947	$	1,065
Trade receivables	3,226		3,123
Inventories	1,817		1,707
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	314		340
Total current assets	6,304		6,235
Net plant and equipment	2,071		1,976
Goodwill	4,980		4,909
Intangible assets	617		657
Deferred income taxes	468		479
Other assets	1,384		1,262
	$	15,824	$	15,518
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities:
Short-term debt	$	1,768	$	1,825
Accounts payable	556		581
Accrued expenses	1,655		1,663
Cash dividends payable	443		419
Income taxes payable	205		187
Total current liabilities	4,627		4,675
Noncurrent Liabilities:
Long-term debt	6,578		6,339
Deferred income taxes	129		326
Noncurrent income taxes payable	—		151
Other liabilities	1,098		1,014
Total noncurrent liabilities	7,805		7,830
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock (Authorized- 700.0 shares; par value of $0.01 per share):
Issued- 550.0 shares in 2024 and 2023 Outstanding- 295.3 shares in 2024 and 299.3 shares in 2023	6		6
Additional paid-in-capital	1,651		1,588
Retained earnings	28,583		27,122
Common stock held in treasury	(25,000)		(23,870)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,849)		(1,834)
Noncontrolling interest	1		1
Total stockholders' equity	3,392		3,013
	$	15,824	$	15,518

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

5

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

In millions except per share amounts	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Common Stock Held in Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Non-controlling Interest		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	6	$	1,636	$	27,866	$	(24,622)	$	(1,925)	$	1	$	2,962
Net income	—		—		1,160		—		—		—		1,160
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	—		1		—		1		—		—		2
Stock-based compensation expense	—		14		—		—		—		—		14
Repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(375)		—		—		(375)
Excise tax on repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(4)		—		—		(4)
Dividends declared ($1.50 per share)	—		—		(443)		—		—		—		(443)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		76		—		76
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	6	$	1,651	$	28,583	$	(25,000)	$	(1,849)	$	1	$	3,392
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	6	$	1,550	$	26,473	$	(23,116)	$	(1,820)	$	1	$	3,094
Net income	—		—		772		—		—		—		772
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	—		2		—		1		—		—		3
Stock-based compensation expense	—		17		—		—		—		—		17
Repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(375)		—		—		(375)
Excise tax on repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(3)		—		—		(3)
Dividends declared ($1.40 per share)	—		—		(422)		—		—		—		(422)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		(82)		—		(82)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	6	$	1,569	$	26,823	$	(23,493)	$	(1,902)	$	1	$	3,004
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	6	$	1,588	$	27,122	$	(23,870)	$	(1,834)	$	1	$	3,013
Net income	—		—		2,738		—		—		—		2,738
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	—		15		—		5		—		—		20
Stock-based compensation expense	—		48		—		—		—		—		48
Repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(1,125)		—		—		(1,125)
Excise tax on repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(10)		—		—		(10)
Dividends declared ($4.30 per share)	—		—		(1,277)		—		—		—		(1,277)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		(15)		—		(15)
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	6	$	1,651	$	28,583	$	(25,000)	$	(1,849)	$	1	$	3,392
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	6	$	1,501	$	25,799	$	(22,377)	$	(1,841)	$	1	$	3,089
Net income	—		—		2,240		—		—		—		2,240
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	—		16		—		18		—		—		34
Stock-based compensation expense	—		52		—		—		—		—		52
Repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(1,125)		—		—		(1,125)
Excise tax on repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(9)		—		—		(9)
Dividends declared ($4.02 per share)	—		—		(1,216)		—		—		—		(1,216)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		(61)		—		(61)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	6	$	1,569	$	26,823	$	(23,493)	$	(1,902)	$	1	$	3,004

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

6

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
In millions	2024		2023
Cash Provided by (Used for) Operating Activities:
Net income	$	2,738	$	2,240
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	224		208
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	76		88
Change in deferred income taxes	(166)		5
Net provision for (recoveries of) uncollectible accounts	(2)		7
(Income) loss from investments	—		—
(Gain) loss on sale of plant and equipment	(1)		—
(Gain) loss on sale of operations and affiliates	—		(1)
Gain on sale of noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC	(363)		—
Stock-based compensation expense	48		52
Cumulative effect of change in inventory accounting method	(117)		—
Other non-cash items, net	4		(5)
Change in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
(Increase) decrease in-
Trade receivables	(93)		(39)
Inventories	22		235
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(29)		(23)
Increase (decrease) in-
Accounts payable	(29)		(3)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(51)		(123)
Income taxes	(94)		(140)
Other, net	—		(1)
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,167		2,500
Cash Provided by (Used for) Investing Activities:
Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents)	(115)		—
Additions to plant and equipment	(319)		(324)
Proceeds from investments	10		25
Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment	10		11
Proceeds from sale of operations and affiliates	—		7
Proceeds from sale of noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC	395		—
Other, net	(8)		(2)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(27)		(283)
Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities:
Cash dividends paid	(1,252)		(1,194)
Issuance of common stock	43		49
Repurchases of common stock	(1,125)		(1,125)
Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt with original maturities of three months or less	(199)		(367)
Proceeds from debt with original maturities of more than three months	1,606		1,425
Repayments of debt with original maturities of more than three months	(1,295)		(678)
Other, net	(24)		(15)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(2,246)		(1,905)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Equivalents	(12)		(30)
Cash and Equivalents:
Increase (decrease) during the period	(118)		282
Beginning of period	1,065		708
End of period	$	947	$	990
Supplementary Cash Flow Information:
Cash Paid During the Period for Interest	$	216	$	216
Cash Paid During the Period for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds	$	960	$	791

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

7

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(1)    Significant Accounting Policies

Financial Statements— The unaudited financial statements included herein have been prepared by Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries (the "Company"). In the opinion of management, the interim financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the results for interim periods. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. It is suggested that these financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes to financial statements included in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain reclassifications of prior year data have been made to conform with current year reporting.

Inventories— Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and include material, labor and factory overhead. As of December 31, 2023, the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method was used to determine the cost of inventories at certain U.S. businesses representing approximately 23% of total inventories, and the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method, which approximates current cost, was used for all other inventories. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company changed the method used to determine the cost of inventory at certain U.S. businesses from LIFO to the FIFO method, as the Company believes the FIFO method is preferable because it provides a more consistent method for valuing inventory across the Company’s operations, improves comparability with peers, and better reflects the current value of inventories at the balance sheet date.

The LIFO provision for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $6 million of expense and $7 million of income, respectively, and was not material to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Therefore, the Company recorded the pre-tax cumulative effect of this change in accounting method of $117 million as a reduction of Cost of revenue in the first quarter of 2024. Refer to Note 8. Inventories for additional information regarding the Company’s inventory balances.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued authoritative guidance which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments. The more significant provisions include the requirement to disclose significant segment expenses and certain disclosures made annually under existing guidance will be required for interim periods. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning with its annual reporting for the year ending December 31, 2024 and is required to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on its disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that expands the disclosure requirements for income taxes. The new guidance will require consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information presented in the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as disaggregation of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning with its annual reporting for the year ending December 31, 2025 and is required to be applied prospectively, with retrospective application to prior periods allowed. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on its disclosures.

(2)    Acquisitions

On January 2, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of one business in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment for $57 million, net of cash acquired. On April 1, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of one business in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment for $59 million, net of cash acquired. The purchase price for both acquisitions is subject to certain closing adjustments. These acquisitions were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. The allocation of purchase price for these acquisitions will be completed as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.

(3)    Divestitures

The Company routinely reviews its portfolio of businesses relative to its business portfolio criteria and evaluates if further portfolio refinements may be needed. As such, the Company may commit to a plan to exit or dispose of certain businesses and present them as held for sale in periods prior to the sale of the business.

8

In the fourth quarter of 2022, plans were approved to divest one business in the Specialty Products segment. This business was presented as held for sale beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022. This business was sold on April 3, 2023, with no significant gain or loss upon sale. Operating revenue related to this business that was included in the Company's results of operations was $9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. There was no operating revenue related to this business included in the Company's results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

(4)    Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC

In the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company divested a 51% majority interest in its former Decorative Surfaces segment to certain funds managed by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC ("CD&R"). As a result of the transaction, the Company owned common units (the "Common Units") of Wilsonart International Holdings LLC ("Wilsonart") initially representing approximately 49% (on an as-converted basis) of the total outstanding equity and CD&R owned cumulative convertible participating preferred units (the "Preferred Units") of Wilsonart representing approximately 51% (on an as-converted basis) of the total outstanding equity. The ownership interest in Wilsonart was reported using the equity method of accounting. The Company's proportionate share in the income (loss) of Wilsonart was reported in Other income (expense) in the Statement of Income. As the Company's investment in Wilsonart was structured as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes, U.S. taxes were recorded separately from the equity investment. In 2016, the Company received a $167 million dividend distribution from Wilsonart which exceeded the Company's equity investment balance and resulted in a $54 million pre-tax gain in 2016. As a result of the dividend distribution, the equity investment balance in Wilsonart was reduced to zero and subsequent equity investment income was suspended and no longer recognized.

On August 5, 2024, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with affiliates of CD&R for the sale of the Company’s noncontrolling equity interest in Wilsonart for $398 million. The transaction closed immediately after the execution of the purchase agreement. Proceeds from the transaction, net of transaction costs, were $395 million, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $363 million which was included in Other income (expense) in the Statement of Income. Income taxes on the gain were more than offset by a discrete tax benefit of $107 million in the third quarter of 2024 related to the utilization of capital loss carryforwards upon the sale of Wilsonart. Refer to Note 6. Income Taxes for further information. The sale of the Company’s equity interest in Wilsonart is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial results in subsequent quarters.

(5)    Operating Revenue

The Company's 84 diversified operating divisions are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. Operating revenue by product category, which is consistent with the Company's segment presentation, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023
Automotive OEM	$	772	$	799	$	2,403	$	2,421
Food Equipment	677		678		1,975		1,967
Test & Measurement and Electronics	697		698		2,071		2,101
Welding	462		468		1,404		1,451
Polymers & Fluids	448		458		1,334		1,364
Construction Products	479		522		1,471		1,574
Specialty Products	438		414		1,327		1,260
Total segments	3,973		4,037		11,985		12,138
Intersegment revenue	(7)		(6)		(19)		(14)
Total operating revenue	$	3,966	$	4,031	$	11,966	$	12,124

9

The following is a description of the product offerings, end markets and typical revenue transactions for each of the Company's seven segments:

Automotive OEM— This segment is a global, niche supplier to top tier OEMs, providing unique innovation to address pain points for sophisticated customers with complex problems. Businesses in this segment produce components and fasteners for automotive-related applications. This segment primarily serves the automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers market. Products in this segment include:

•plastic and metal components, fasteners and assemblies for automobiles, light trucks and other industrial uses.

Products sold in this segment are primarily manufactured to the customer's specifications and are sold under long-term supply agreements with OEM auto manufacturers and other top tier auto parts suppliers. The Company typically recognizes revenue for products in this segment at the time of shipment. Certain products may be produced utilizing tooling that is owned by the customer that the Company developed and is reimbursed by the customer for the associated cost. In these arrangements, the Company typically retains a contractual right to use the customer-owned tooling for the purpose of fulfilling its obligations under the supply agreement. The Company records reimbursements for the cost of customer-owned tooling as a cost offset rather than operating revenue as tooling is not considered a product offering central to the Company's operations.

Food Equipment— This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings. This segment primarily serves the food service, food retail and food institutional/restaurant markets. Products in this segment include:

•warewashing equipment;

•cooking equipment, including ovens, ranges and broilers;

•refrigeration equipment, including refrigerators, freezers and prep tables;

•food processing equipment, including slicers, mixers and scales;

•kitchen exhaust, ventilation and pollution control systems; and

•food equipment service, maintenance and repair.

Revenue for equipment sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, the Company may recognize revenue upon completion of installation and acceptance by the customer. Annual service contracts are typically sold separate from equipment and the related revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the annual service period. Operating revenue for on-demand service repairs and parts is recorded upon completion and customer acceptance of the work performed.

Test & Measurement and Electronics— This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and maintenance, repair, and operations, or "MRO" solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics. This segment primarily serves the electronics, general industrial, energy, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, industrial capital goods and consumer durables markets. Products in this segment include:

•equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials, structures, gases and fluids;

•electronic assembly equipment;

•electronic components and component packaging;

•static control equipment and consumables used for contamination control in clean room environments; and

•pressure sensitive adhesives and components for electronics, medical, transportation and telecommunications applications.

Revenue for products sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue recognition is deferred until such obligations have been completed. In other limited arrangements involving the sale of highly specialized systems that include a high degree of customization and installation at the customer site, revenue is recognized over time if the product does not have an alternative use and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for work performed to date. Revenue for transactions meeting these criteria is recognized over time as work is performed based on the costs incurred to date relative to the total estimated costs at completion.

10

Welding— This segment is a branded value-added equipment and specialty consumable manufacturer with innovative and leading technology. Businesses in this segment produce arc welding equipment, consumables and accessories for a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. This segment primarily serves the general industrial market, which includes fabrication, shipbuilding and other general industrial markets, and construction, energy, MRO, industrial capital goods and automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers markets. Products in this segment include:

•arc welding equipment; and

•metal arc welding consumables and related accessories.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Polymers & Fluids— This segment is a branded supplier to niche markets that require value-added, differentiated products. Businesses in this segment produce engineered adhesives, sealants, lubrication and cutting fluids, and fluids and polymers for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance. This segment primarily serves the automotive aftermarket, general industrial and MRO markets. Products in this segment include:

•adhesives for industrial, construction and consumer purposes;

•chemical fluids which clean or add lubrication to machines;

•epoxy and resin-based coating products for industrial applications;

•hand wipes and cleaners for industrial applications;

•fluids, polymers and other supplies for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance;

•fillers and putties for auto body repair; and

•polyester coatings and patch and repair products for the marine industry.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Construction Products— This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions. This segment primarily serves the residential construction, renovation/remodel and commercial construction markets. Products in this segment include:

•fasteners and related fastening tools for wood and metal applications;

•anchors, fasteners and related tools for concrete applications;

•metal plate truss components and related equipment and software; and

•packaged hardware, fasteners, anchors and other products for retail.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Specialty Products— This segment is focused on diversified niche market opportunities with substantial patent protection producing beverage packaging equipment and consumables, product coding and marking equipment and consumables, and appliance components and fasteners. This segment primarily serves the food and beverage, consumer durables, general industrial, industrial capital goods, airlines and printing and publishing markets. Products in this segment include:

•conveyor systems and line automation for the food and beverage industries;

•plastic consumables that multi-pack cans and bottles and related equipment;

•foil, film and related equipment used to decorate consumer products;

•product coding and marking equipment and related consumables;

•plastic and metal closures and components for appliances;

•airport ground support equipment; and

•components for medical devices.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue is recognized when such obligations have been completed.

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(6)    Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was 14.9% and 23.8%, respectively, and 20.4% and 22.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 benefited from discrete income tax benefits in the third quarter of 2024 of $107 million related to the utilization of capital loss carryforwards upon the sale of Wilsonart and $87 million related to a reorganization of the Company's intellectual property, partially offset by a $73 million discrete tax expense related to the remeasurement of unrecognized tax benefits associated with various intercompany transactions. Refer to Note 4. Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC for more information regarding the Wilsonart transaction. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included a discrete income tax benefit of $20 million in the second quarter of 2023 related to amended 2021 U.S. taxes. The effective tax rates for 2024 and 2023 also included discrete income tax benefits related to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $1 million and $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $11 million and $19 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in the U.S. and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. These tax returns are routinely audited by the tax authorities in these jurisdictions, including the Internal Revenue Service, His Majesty's Revenue and Customs, German Fiscal Authority, French Fiscal Authority, and Australian Tax Office, and a number of these audits are currently ongoing, which may increase the amount of the unrecognized tax benefits in future periods. The Company believes it is reasonably possible that within the next twelve months the amount of the Company's unrecognized tax benefits may be decreased by approximately $15 million related predominantly to the potential resolution of income tax examinations. The Company has recorded its best estimate of the potential exposure for these issues.

(7)    Net Income Per Share

Net income per basic share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Net income per diluted share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares assuming dilution for stock options and restricted stock units. Dilutive shares reflect the potential additional shares that would be outstanding if the dilutive stock options outstanding were exercised and the unvested restricted stock units vested during the period. The computation of net income per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions except per share amounts	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net Income	$	1,160	$	772	$	2,738	$	2,240
Net income per share—Basic:
Weighted-average common shares	296.1		301.9		297.6		303.4
Net income per share—Basic	$	3.92	$	2.55	$	9.20	$	7.38
Net income per share—Diluted:
Weighted-average common shares	296.1		301.9		297.6		303.4
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units	0.9		1.1		0.9		1.1
Weighted-average common shares assuming dilution	297.0		303.0		298.5		304.5
Net income per share—Diluted	$	3.91	$	2.55	$	9.17	$	7.36

Options that were considered antidilutive were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share. There were 0.2 million and 0.3 million antidilutive options outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 0.2 million and 0.3 million antidilutive options outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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(8)    Inventories

Inventories as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Raw material	$	698	$	742
Work-in-process	238		234
Finished goods	881		848
LIFO reserve	—		(117)
Total inventories	$	1,817	$	1,707

During the first quarter of 2024, the Company changed the method used to determine the cost of inventory at certain U.S. businesses from LIFO to the FIFO method, as the Company believes the FIFO method is preferable because it provides a more consistent method for valuing inventory across the Company’s operations, improves comparability with peers, and better reflects the current value of inventories at the balance sheet date. Refer to Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies for additional information regarding this change in accounting method.

(9)    Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company performed its annual impairment assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in the third quarters of 2024 and 2023. The assessments resulted in no impairment charges in either 2024 or 2023.

(10)    Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Pension and other postretirement benefit costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,								September 30,
	Pension				Other Postretirement Benefits				Pension				Other Postretirement Benefits
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	9	$	9	$	1	$	1	$	27	$	27	$	3	$	3
Interest cost	23		24		6		5		69		70		18		17
Expected return on plan assets	(34)		(33)		(5)		(5)		(100)		(97)		(16)		(16)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)	1		—		(1)		(1)		5		2		(2)		(3)
Amortization of prior service cost	1		1		—		—		1		1		—		—
Total net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	—	$	1	$	1	$	—	$	2	$	3	$	3	$	1

The service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is presented within Cost of revenue and Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses in the Statement of Income while the other components of net periodic benefit cost are presented within Other income (expense).

The Company expects to contribute approximately $60 million to its pension plans and $37 million to its other postretirement benefit plans in 2024. As of September 30, 2024, contributions of $38 million to pension plans and $28 million to other postretirement benefit plans have been made.

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(11)    Debt

Total debt as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows:

In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Short-term debt	$	1,768	$	1,825
Long-term debt	6,578		6,339
Total debt	$	8,346	$	8,164

Short-term debt included commercial paper of $265 million and $464 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate on commercial paper as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was 4.85% and 5.40%, respectively. Short-term debt also included $668 million as of September 30, 2024 and $661 million as of December 31, 2023 related to the 0.25% Euro notes due December 5, 2024, which were reclassified from Long-term debt to Short-term debt in the fourth quarter of 2023. Short-term debt as of September 30, 2024 also included $835 million related to the Euro-denominated credit agreement (the "Euro Credit Agreement") entered into on May 5, 2023, which was reclassified to Short-term debt in the second quarter of 2024 since the debt, including the options to extend the termination date, is due in April 2025. Additionally, Short-term debt as of December 31, 2023 included $700 million related to the 3.50% notes due March 1, 2024, which were repaid on the due date.

On May 5, 2023, the Company entered into a €1.3 billion Euro Credit Agreement with an initial termination date of May 3, 2024; provided, however, that the Company may extend the termination date by six months on up to two occasions. On May 12, 2023, the Company borrowed €1.3 billion of Euro term loans under the Euro Credit Agreement. Proceeds from the borrowing were used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of outstanding debt. Any loan under the Euro Credit Agreement may not be re-borrowed once repaid, in full or in part, and will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the applicable EURIBOR (adjusted for any statutory reserves) plus 0.75% for the interest period selected by the Company of one, three or six months. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had €1.3 billion outstanding under the Euro Credit Agreement, which was included in Long-term debt as the Company intended to exercise its options to extend the termination date. The first and second options to extend the termination date were both exercised in 2024. On May 22, 2024, the Company repaid €550 million of the term loans under the Euro Credit Agreement using a portion of the proceeds from the Euro notes issued on May 17, 2024, as discussed below. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had €750 million remaining outstanding under the Euro Credit Agreement with an interest rate of 4.13%.

On May 17, 2024, the Company issued €650 million of 3.25% Euro notes due May 17, 2028 at 99.525% of face value and €850 million of 3.375% Euro notes due May 17, 2032 at 99.072% of face value. Proceeds from the issuance were used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of a portion of the indebtedness under the commercial paper program and the Euro Credit Agreement.

The Company designated the outstanding balance of the term loan under the Euro Credit Agreement in May 2023 and the €1.5 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2024 as hedges of a portion of its net investment in Euro-denominated foreign operations to reduce foreign currency risk associated with the investment in these operations. Refer to Note 12. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for additional information regarding the net investment hedge.

The Company also has a $3.0 billion revolving credit facility with a termination date of October 21, 2027, which is available to provide additional liquidity, including to support the potential issuances of commercial paper. No amounts were outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

The approximate fair value and related carrying value of the Company's total long-term debt, including current maturities of long-term debt presented as short-term debt, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Fair value	$	7,917	$	7,457
Carrying value	8,081		7,700

The approximate fair values of the Company's long-term debt, including current maturities, were based on a valuation model using Level 2 observable inputs which included market rates for comparable instruments for the respective periods.

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(12)    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	(1,925)	$	(1,820)	$	(1,834)	$	(1,841)
Foreign currency translation adjustments during the period	(6)		(51)		(66)		(44)
Foreign currency translation adjustments reclassified to income	30		—		30		—
Income taxes	49		(31)		16		(17)
Total foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	73		(82)		(20)		(61)
Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income	3		—		6		—
Income taxes	—		—		(1)		—
Total pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	3		—		5		—
Ending balance	$	(1,849)	$	(1,902)	$	(1,849)	$	(1,902)

Foreign currency translation adjustments reclassified to income related primarily to the sale of the noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart in the third quarter of 2024. Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income related primarily to the amortization of actuarial gains and losses and the sale of the noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart. Refer to Note 4. Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC and Note 10. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits for additional information.

The Company designated the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2014, the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2015, the €1.6 billion of Euro notes issued in June 2019, the €1.3 billion term loan under the Euro Credit Agreement in May 2023 and the €1.5 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2024 as hedges of a portion of its net investment in Euro-denominated foreign operations to reduce foreign currency risk associated with the investment in these operations. Changes in the value of this debt resulting from fluctuations in the Euro to U.S. Dollar exchange rate have been recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). On February 22, 2022, €500 million of the Euro notes issued in May 2014 were redeemed in full and on May 22, 2023, €500 million of the Euro notes issued in May 2015 were repaid on the due date. On May 22, 2024, the Company repaid €550 million of the term loans under the Euro Credit Agreement. The carrying values of the outstanding 2024, 2019, 2015 and 2014 Euro notes and 2023 Euro term loan as of September 30, 2024 were $1.7 billion, $1.8 billion, $554 million, $548 million, and $835 million, respectively. The amount of pre-tax gain (loss) related to this debt recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) was a loss of $204 million and a gain of $131 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and a loss of $65 million and a gain of $73 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the ending balance of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of after-tax cumulative translation adjustment losses of $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, and after-tax unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit costs of $322 million and $293 million, respectively.

(13)    Segment Information

The Company's operations are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. Refer to Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for information regarding operating revenue and operating income for the Company's segments.

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ITEM 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

INTRODUCTION

Illinois Tool Works Inc. (the "Company" or "ITW") is a global manufacturer of a diversified range of industrial products and equipment. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 84 divisions with approximately 45,000 people in 51 countries.

The Company's operations are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products.

Due to the large number of diverse businesses and the Company's decentralized operating structure, the Company does not require its businesses to provide detailed information on operating results. Instead, the Company's corporate management collects data on several key measurements: operating revenue, operating income, operating margin, overhead costs, number of months on hand in inventory, days sales outstanding in accounts receivable, past due receivables and return on invested capital. These key measures are monitored by management and significant changes in operating results versus current trends in end markets and variances from forecasts are discussed with operating unit management.

THE ITW BUSINESS MODEL

The powerful and highly differentiated ITW Business Model is the Company's core source of value creation. It is the Company's competitive advantage and defines how ITW creates value for its shareholders. The ITW Business Model is comprised of three unique elements:

•ITW's 80/20 Front-to-Back process is the operating system that is applied in every ITW business. Initially introduced as a manufacturing efficiency tool in the 1980s, ITW has continually refined, improved and expanded 80/20 into a proprietary, holistic business management process that generates significant value for the Company and its customers. Through the application of data driven insights generated by 80/20 practice, ITW focuses on its largest and best opportunities (the "80") and eliminates cost, complexity and distractions associated with the less profitable opportunities (the "20"). 80/20 enables ITW businesses to consistently achieve world-class operational excellence in product availability, quality, and innovation, while generating superior financial performance;

•Customer-back Innovation has fueled decades of profitable growth at ITW. The Company's unique innovation approach is built on insight gathered from the 80/20 Front-to-Back process. Working from the customer back, ITW businesses position themselves as the go-to problem solver for their "80" customers. ITW's innovation efforts are focused on understanding customer needs, particularly those in "80" markets with solid long-term growth fundamentals, and creating unique solutions to address those needs. These customer insights and learnings drive innovation at ITW and have contributed to a portfolio of approximately 19,600 granted and pending patents;

•ITW's Decentralized, Entrepreneurial Culture enables ITW businesses to be fast, focused, and responsive. ITW businesses have significant flexibility within the framework of the ITW Business Model to customize their approach in order to best serve their specific customers' needs. ITW colleagues recognize their unique responsibilities to execute the Company's strategy and values. As a result, the Company maintains a focused and simple organizational structure that, combined with outstanding execution, delivers best-in-class services and solutions adapted to each business' customers and end markets.

ENTERPRISE STRATEGY: 2012-2023

In late 2012, ITW began its strategic framework transitioning the Company to fully leverage the unique and powerful set of capabilities and operating practices of the ITW Business Model. The Company undertook a complete review of its performance, focusing on its businesses delivering consistent above-market growth with best-in-class margins and returns, and developing a strategy to replicate that performance across its operations. ITW determined that solid and consistent above-market organic growth is the core growth engine to deliver world-class financial performance and compelling long-term returns for its shareholders.

Key initiatives in the Company's enterprise strategy included portfolio management, business structure simplification, strategic sourcing and the diligent re-application of ITW's proprietary 80/20 Front-to-Back process.

•As part of the Portfolio Management initiative, ITW exited businesses that were operating in commoditized market spaces and prioritized sustainable differentiation as a must-have requirement for all ITW businesses. This process

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included both divesting entire businesses and exiting commoditized product lines and customers inside otherwise highly differentiated ITW divisions.

•Business Structure Simplification was implemented to simplify and scale up ITW's operating structure to support increased engineering, marketing, and sales resources, and improve global reach and competitiveness, all of which were critical to driving accelerated organic growth. ITW now has 84 scaled-up divisions with significantly enhanced focus on growth investments, core customers and products, and customer-back innovation.

•The Strategic Sourcing initiative established sourcing as a core strategic and operational capability at ITW, delivering an average of one percent reduction in spend each year since 2013 and continues to be a key contributor to the Company's ongoing enterprise strategy.

•With the initial portfolio realignment and scale-up work largely completed, the Company shifted its focus to preparing for and accelerating organic growth, reapplying the 80/20 Front-to-Back process to optimize its scaled-up divisions for growth, first, to build a foundation of operational excellence, and second, to identify the best opportunities to drive organic growth.

Since implementing the Company's enterprise strategy in 2012, the Company has demonstrated the compelling performance potential of the ITW Business Model and superior 80/20 management, resulting in meaningful incremental improvement in margins and returns as evidenced by the Company's operating margin and after-tax return on invested capital. At the same time, these 80/20 initiatives can also result in restructuring initiatives that reduce costs and improve profitability and returns.

OUR NEXT PHASE: 2024-2030

In the Next Phase of the Company’s evolution, the ITW Business Model and the Enterprise Strategy framework will be as formidable of a competitive advantage and performance differentiator as it has been over the last decade, if not more so. Volatility, risk and the pace of change in the global operating environment will continue to increase, and a decentralized entrepreneurial culture allows the Company to be a fast adaptor – to read, react, respond and evolve. The Company’s ability to consistently execute and invest through the ups and downs of the business cycle is now a defining competitive advantage.

Throughout the Next Phase, the Company's focus is to build organic growth into a core ITW strength on par with the Company’s world-class financial performance and operational capabilities. Throughout this phase, the Company will sustain its foundational strengths built over the past decade, including the high-quality ITW Business Model practice. Customer-back Innovation (CBI) is the most impactful driver to achieve high-quality organic growth through the cycle by establishing trusted problem solver relationships with key customers to effectively invent solutions that address customers' most critical pain points or tackle the biggest growth opportunities. CBI successes, coupled with underlying market growth and share gains, are how the Company intends to achieve its high-quality organic growth.

Portfolio Discipline

The Company only operates in industries where it can generate significant, long-term competitive advantage from the ITW Business Model. ITW businesses have the right "raw material" in terms of market and business attributes that best fit the ITW Business Model and have significant potential to drive above-market organic growth over the long-term.

The Company focuses on high-quality businesses, ensuring it operates in markets with positive long-term macro fundamentals and with customers that have critical needs and value ITW's differentiated products, services and solutions. ITW's portfolio operates in highly diverse end markets and geographies which makes the Company more resilient in the face of uncertain or volatile market environments.

The Company routinely evaluates its portfolio to ensure it delivers sustainable differentiation and drives consistent long-term performance. This includes both implementing portfolio refinements and assessing selective high-quality acquisitions to supplement ITW's long-term growth potential.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, plans were approved to divest one business in the Specialty Products segment. This business was presented as held for sale beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022. This business was sold on April 3, 2023, with no significant gain or loss upon sale. Operating revenue related to this business that was included in the Company's results of operations was $9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. There was no operating revenue related to this business included in the Company's results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Refer to Note 3. Divestitures in Item 1. Financial Statements for further information regarding this divestiture.

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On January 2, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of one business in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment for $57 million, net of cash acquired. On April 1, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of one business in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment for $59 million, net of cash acquired. The purchase price for both acquisitions is subject to certain closing adjustments. These acquisitions were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Refer to Note 2. Acquisitions in Item 1. Financial Statements for further information regarding these acquisitions.

On August 5, 2024, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with affiliates of Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC ("CD&R") for the sale of the Company’s noncontrolling equity interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC ("Wilsonart"). The transaction closed immediately after the execution of the purchase agreement. Proceeds from the transaction, net of transaction costs, were $395 million, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $363 million which was included in Other income (expense) in the Statement of Income. Income taxes on the gain were more than offset by a discrete tax benefit of $107 million in the third quarter of 2024 related to the utilization of capital loss carryforwards upon the sale of Wilsonart. The sale of the Company’s equity interest in Wilsonart is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial results in subsequent quarters. Refer to Note 4. Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC and Note 6. Income Taxes in Item 1. Financial Statements for additional information regarding this transaction.

80/20 Front-to-Back Practice Excellence

ITW will continue to drive 80/20 Front-to-Back practice excellence in every division in the Company, every day. Driving strong operational excellence in the quality of 80/20 Front-to-Back practice across the Company, division by division, will produce further customer-facing performance improvement in a number of divisions and additional structural margin expansion at the enterprise level.

TERMS USED BY ITW

Management uses the following terms to describe the financial results of operations of the Company:

•Organic business - acquired businesses that have been included in the Company's results of operations for more than 12 months on a constant currency basis.

•Operating leverage - the estimated effect of the organic revenue volume changes on organic operating income, assuming variable margins remain the same as the prior period.

•Price/cost - represents the estimated net impact of increases or decreases in the cost of materials used in the Company's products versus changes in the selling price to the Company's customers.

•Product line simplification (PLS) - focuses businesses on eliminating the complexity and overhead costs associated with smaller product lines and customers, and focuses businesses on supporting and growing their largest customers and product lines. In the short-term, PLS may result in a decrease in revenue and overhead costs while improving operating margin. In the long-term, PLS is expected to result in growth in revenue, profitability, and returns.

Unless otherwise stated, the changes in financial results in the consolidated results of operations and the results of operations by segment represent the current year period versus the comparable period in the prior year. The following discussion of operating results should be read in conjunction with Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

During the first quarter of 2022, Russian military forces invaded Ukraine. In response, the United States and several other countries imposed economic and other sanctions on Russia. The Company has four immaterial Russian subsidiaries with total assets of approximately $26 million as of September 30, 2024. The revenue for these subsidiaries for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $6 million and $17 million, respectively. These subsidiaries are not material to the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

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During the first quarter of 2024, the Company changed the method used to determine the cost of inventory at certain U.S. businesses from the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method to the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method, as the Company believes the FIFO method is preferable because it provides a more consistent method for valuing inventory across the Company’s operations, improves comparability with peers, and better reflects the current value of inventories at the balance sheet date. The LIFO provision for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $6 million of expense and $7 million of income, respectively, and was not material to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Therefore, the Company recorded the pre-tax cumulative effect of this change in accounting method of $117 million as a reduction of Cost of revenue in the first quarter of 2024. Refer to Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies and Note 8. Inventories in Item 1. Financial Statements for additional information regarding this change in accounting method and the Company’s inventory balances.

In a challenging and dynamic environment, the Company delivered solid financial results in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 primarily due to the continued successful execution of enterprise initiatives and continued focus on the highly differentiated ITW Business Model.

Operating Revenue

Refer to the "Results of Operations for Total Company" and the "Results of Operations by Segment" sections for discussion of changes in operating revenue for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 compared to 2023.

Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
Dollars in millions	2024			2023			2024			2023
Operating Revenue	$	3,966		$	4,031		$	11,966		$	12,124
Cost of revenue	$	2,230		$	2,319		$	6,637		$	7,004
Percent of operating revenue	56.2		%	57.5		%	55.5		%	57.8		%
Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses	$	658		$	615		$	2,020		$	1,980
Percent of operating revenue	16.6		%	15.2		%	16.9		%	16.3		%
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	$	26		$	27		$	76		$	88
Percent of operating revenue	0.6		%	0.7		%	0.6		%	0.7		%

Cost of revenue was $2.2 billion and $2.3 billion in the third quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Cost of revenue was 3.8% lower in the third quarter of 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to lower revenue. Cost of revenue as a percent of operating revenue improved in the third quarter of 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, partially offset by higher employee-related expenses. In the year-to-date period, cost of revenue was $6.6 billion and $7.0 billion in 2024 and 2023, respectively. Cost of revenue was 5.2% lower in 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to lower revenue and the first quarter 2024 LIFO accounting method change, which reduced cost of revenue by 3.1% and 1.7%, respectively. Cost of revenue as a percent of operating revenue improved in the year-to-date period of 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to the LIFO accounting method change and benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, partially offset by higher employee-related expenses.

Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses were $658 million and $615 million in the third quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2.02 billion and $1.98 billion in the year-to-date period of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses as a percent of operating revenue were higher in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 compared to the respective 2023 periods, as higher employee-related expenses and the unfavorable impact of acquisitions in the first and second quarters of 2024 were partially offset by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives.

Amortization and impairment of intangible assets was lower in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to fully amortized intangible assets.

Refer to the "Results of Operations for Total Company" and the "Results of Operation by Segment" sections for additional discussion of operating results for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 compared to 2023.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR TOTAL COMPANY

The Company's consolidated results of operations for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	3,966		$	4,031		(1.6)	%	(1.4)	%	0.2	%	—	%	(0.4)	%	(1.6)	%
Operating income	$	1,052		$	1,070		(1.7)	%	(0.7)	%	(0.1)	%	(0.3)	%	(0.6)	%	(1.7)	%
Operating margin %	26.5		%	26.5		%	—		20 bps		(10) bps		(10) bps		—		—

	Nine Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	11,966		$	12,124		(1.3)	%	(0.7)	%	0.1	%	—	%	(0.7)	%	(1.3)	%
Operating income	$	3,233		$	3,052		5.9	%	6.7	%	(0.2)	%	0.2	%	(0.8)	%	5.9	%
Operating margin %	27.0		%	25.2		%	180 bps		190 bps		(10) bps		—		—		180 bps

•Operating revenue decreased in the third quarter and year-to-date periods primarily due to lower organic revenue and the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation.

•Organic revenue decreased 1.4% in the third quarter as a decline in five segments was partially offset by growth in the Specialty Products and Polymers & Fluids segments. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue declined 0.7% as a decrease in the Construction Products, Welding and Test & Measurement and Electronics segments was partially offset by growth in the Specialty Products, Polymers & Fluids, Automotive OEM and Food Equipment segments. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 50 basis points in the third quarter and year-to-date periods.

◦North American organic revenue decreased 2.6% in the third quarter and 2.7% in the year-to-date period as a decrease in six segments was partially offset by an increase in the Specialty Products segment.

◦Europe, Middle East and Africa organic revenue decreased 0.5% as a decline in three segments was partially offset by growth in the Food Equipment, Polymers & Fluids, Welding and Specialty Products segments. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue grew 0.5% as growth in the Specialty Products, Food Equipment, Polymers & Fluids and Welding segments was partially offset by a decline in the Construction Products, Automotive OEM and Test & Measurements and Electronics segments.

◦Asia Pacific organic revenue decreased 1.0% in the third quarter. Organic revenue in China decreased 0.2% as a decline in four segments was essentially offset by an increase in the Welding, Specialty Products and Polymers & Fluids segments. In the year-to-date period, Asia Pacific organic revenue grew 2.4% primarily due to growth in the Automotive OEM segment, partially offset by a decline in the Construction Products segment. China organic revenue grew 5.9% in the year-to-date period driven by an increase in four segments, primarily due to growth in the Automotive OEM segment, partially offset by a decline in the Test & Measurement and Electronics, Construction Products and Food Equipment segments.

•Operating income of $1.1 billion decreased 1.7% in the third quarter compared to the prior year. In the year-to-date period, operating income of $3.2 billion grew 5.9%, or 2.1% excluding the $117 million favorable impact of the LIFO accounting method change discussed previously.

•Operating margin of 26.5% in the third quarter was flat compared to the prior year as benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives of 130 basis points and favorable price/cost of 30 basis points were offset by higher employee-related expenses and mix.

•In the year-to-date period, operating margin of 27.0% increased 180 basis points. Excluding the 100 basis points of favorable impact from the LIFO accounting method change in the first quarter of 2024, operating margin increased 80 basis points primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives of 130 basis points and favorable price/cost of 50 basis points, partially offset by higher employee-related expenses and mix.

•The Company's effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2024 and 2023 was 14.9% and 23.8%, respectively, and 20.4% and 22.7% for the year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rates for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 benefited from discrete income tax benefits in the third quarter of 2024 of $107 million related to the utilization of capital loss carryforwards upon the sale of Wilsonart and $87 million related to a reorganization of the Company's intellectual property, partially offset by a $73 million discrete tax expense related

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to the remeasurement of unrecognized tax benefits associated with various intercompany transactions. Refer to Note 4. Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC for more information regarding the Wilsonart transaction. The effective tax rate for the year-to-date period of 2023 included a discrete income tax benefit of $20 million in the second quarter of 2023 related to amended 2021 U.S. taxes. The effective tax rates for 2024 and 2023 also included discrete income tax benefits related to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $1 million and $2 million for the third quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $11 million and $19 million for the year-to-date period of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

•Diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $3.91 for the third quarter of 2024 increased 53.3%, or 3.9% excluding the favorable impact of $1.26 from the sale of the Company's noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart. In the year-to-date period of 2024, EPS of $9.17 increased 24.6%, or 3.5% excluding the favorable impact from the first quarter 2024 LIFO accounting method change of $0.30 and the favorable impact of $1.25 from the Wilsonart transaction.

•The Company repurchased approximately 1.5 million and 4.5 million shares of its common stock in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024, respectively, for approximately $375 million and $1.1 billion, respectively.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT

Total operating revenue and operating income for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
Dollars in millions	Operating Revenue				Operating Income				Operating Revenue				Operating Income
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Automotive OEM	$	772	$	799	$	150	$	151	$	2,403	$	2,421	$	469	$	418
Food Equipment	677		678		193		185		1,975		1,967		537		536
Test & Measurement and Electronics	697		698		179		167		2,071		2,101		501		501
Welding	462		468		149		147		1,404		1,451		458		471
Polymers & Fluids	448		458		125		129		1,334		1,364		364		357
Construction Products	479		522		145		155		1,471		1,574		436		454
Specialty Products	438		414		136		115		1,327		1,260		410		333
Total segments	3,973		4,037		1,077		1,049		11,985		12,138		3,175		3,070
Intersegment revenue	(7)		(6)		—		—		(19)		(14)		—		—
Unallocated	—		—		(25)		21		—		—		58		(18)
Total	$	3,966	$	4,031	$	1,052	$	1,070	$	11,966	$	12,124	$	3,233	$	3,052

Segments are allocated a fixed overhead charge based on the segment's revenue. Expenses not charged to the segments are reported separately as Unallocated. Because the Unallocated category includes a variety of items, it is subject to fluctuations on a quarterly and annual basis. Unallocated in the third quarter of 2023 included the impact of lower corporate expenses primarily related to an immaterial insurance recovery and favorable health and welfare and other employee-related expenses. Unallocated in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 included the favorable pre-tax cumulative effect of the LIFO accounting method change of $117 million in the first quarter of 2024. Refer to Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies and Note 8. Inventories in Item 1. Financial Statements for additional information regarding this change in accounting method and the Company’s inventory balances.

AUTOMOTIVE OEM

This segment is a global, niche supplier to top tier OEMs, providing unique innovation to address pain points for sophisticated customers with complex problems. Businesses in this segment produce components and fasteners for automotive-related applications. This segment primarily serves the automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers market. Products in this segment include:

•plastic and metal components, fasteners and assemblies for automobiles, light trucks and other industrial uses.

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The results of operations for the Automotive OEM segment for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	772		$	799		(3.3)	%	(3.0)	%	—	%	—	%	(0.3)	%	(3.3)	%
Operating income	$	150		$	151		(0.7)	%	(1.6)	%	—	%	1.0	%	(0.1)	%	(0.7)	%
Operating margin %	19.4		%	18.9		%	50 bps		20 bps		—		30 bps		—		50 bps

	Nine Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	2,403		$	2,421		(0.7)	%	0.3	%	—	%	—	%	(1.0)	%	(0.7)	%
Operating income	$	469		$	418		12.3	%	11.8	%	—	%	1.5	%	(1.0)	%	12.3	%
Operating margin %	19.5		%	17.3		%	220 bps		190 bps		—		30 bps		—		220 bps

•Operating revenue decreased in the third quarter due to lower organic revenue and the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation. In the year-to-date period, operating revenue declined due to the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation, partially offset by higher organic revenue.

•Organic revenue decreased 3.0% in the third quarter and grew 0.3% in the year-to-date period compared to worldwide auto builds which declined 5% and 2% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 80 basis points in the third quarter and 60 basis points in the year-to-date period.

◦North American organic revenue decreased 5.7% and 5.1% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively, compared to North American auto builds which declined 5% in the third quarter and decreased 1% in the year-to-date period primarily due to customer mix and product line simplification activities. Auto builds for the Detroit 3, where the Company has higher content, declined 9% in the third quarter and decreased 5% in the year-to-date period.

◦European organic revenue decreased 5.3% and 1.5% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively, compared to European auto builds which declined 6% in the third quarter and 4% in the year-to-date period primarily due to market penetration gains.

◦Asia Pacific organic revenue increased 3.0% in the third quarter primarily due to growth in South Korea and India. China organic revenue decreased 1.9% versus China auto builds which declined 3%. In the year-to-date period, Asia Pacific organic revenue increased 10.7%. China organic revenue grew 7.9% in the year-to-date period, including growth in the electric vehicles market and higher content in the Chinese original equipment manufacturers, versus China auto builds which increased 2%. Auto builds of foreign automotive manufacturers in China, where the Company has higher content, declined 26% and 16% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively.

•Operating margin was 19.4% in the third quarter. The increase of 50 basis points was primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and lower restructuring expenses, partially offset by unfavorable operating leverage of 60 basis points, higher employee-related expenses and continued investment in the business.

•In the year-to-date period, operating margin of 19.5% increased 220 basis points primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, favorable price/cost of 40 basis points and lower restructuring expenses, partially offset by higher employee-related expenses and continued investment in the business.

FOOD EQUIPMENT

This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings. This segment primarily serves the food service, food retail and food institutional/restaurant markets. Products in this segment include:

•warewashing equipment;

•cooking equipment, including ovens, ranges and broilers;

•refrigeration equipment, including refrigerators, freezers and prep tables;

•food processing equipment, including slicers, mixers and scales;

•kitchen exhaust, ventilation and pollution control systems; and

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•food equipment service, maintenance and repair.

The results of operations for the Food Equipment segment for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	677		$	678		(0.2)	%	(0.3)	%	—	%	—	%	0.1	%	(0.2)	%
Operating income	$	193		$	185		4.0	%	4.9	%	—	%	(0.9)	%	—	%	4.0	%
Operating margin %	28.4		%	27.3		%	110 bps		140 bps		—		(30) bps		—		110 bps

	Nine Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	1,975		$	1,967		0.4	%	0.3	%	—	%	—	%	0.1	%	0.4	%
Operating income	$	537		$	536		0.1	%	0.6	%	—	%	(0.6)	%	0.1	%	0.1	%
Operating margin %	27.2		%	27.2		%	—		10 bps		—		(10) bps		—		—

•Operating revenue decreased in the third quarter due to lower organic revenue, partially offset by the favorable effect of foreign currency translation. In the year-to-date period, operating revenue grew due to higher organic revenue and the favorable effect of foreign currency translation.

•Organic revenue decreased 0.3% in the third quarter as equipment organic revenue declined 3.6% and service organic revenue increased 6.9%. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue grew 0.3% as equipment organic revenue declined 2.0% and service organic revenue grew 4.9%.

◦North American organic revenue decreased 2.2% in the third quarter. Equipment organic revenue declined 6.6% primarily due to lower demand in the food retail, independent restaurant and the institutional end markets. Service organic revenue increased 6.4%. In the year-to-date period, North American organic revenue declined 0.9%. Equipment organic revenue declined 3.6% primarily due to lower demand in the independent restaurant and food retail end markets, partially offset by growth in the institutional end market. Service organic revenue grew 4.0%.

◦International organic revenue increased 2.8% and 2.2% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively. Equipment organic revenue increased 0.9% in the third quarter primarily due to higher demand in the European warewash, cooking and refrigeration end markets, partially offset by a decline in Asia Pacific. In the year-to-date period, equipment organic revenue grew 0.3% primarily due to higher demand in the European warewash and cooking end markets and growth in Asia Pacific, partially offset by lower demand in the European refrigeration end market. Service organic revenue increased 7.7% and 6.5% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively.

•Operating margin was 28.4% in the third quarter. The increase of 110 basis points was primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and favorable price/cost of 30 basis points, partially offset by higher employee-related expenses and additional investment in the business.

•In the year-to-date period, operating margin of 27.2% was flat to the prior year, as benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and favorable price/cost of 40 basis points were offset by higher employee-related expenses and additional investment in the business.

TEST & MEASUREMENT AND ELECTRONICS

This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and maintenance, repair, and operations, or "MRO" solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics. This segment primarily serves the electronics, general industrial, energy, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, industrial capital goods and consumer durables markets. Products in this segment include:

•equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials, structures, gases and fluids;

•electronic assembly equipment;

•electronic components and component packaging;

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•static control equipment and consumables used for contamination control in clean room environments; and

•pressure sensitive adhesives and components for electronics, medical, transportation and telecommunications applications.

The results of operations for the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	697		$	698		(0.2)	%	(1.5)	%	1.0	%	—	%	0.3	%	(0.2)	%
Operating income	$	179		$	167		7.5	%	7.9	%	(0.7)	%	0.2	%	0.1	%	7.5	%
Operating margin %	25.7		%	23.8		%	190 bps		230 bps		(50) bps		10 bps		—		190 bps

	Nine Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	2,071		$	2,101		(1.4)	%	(2.0)	%	0.9	%	—	%	(0.3)	%	(1.4)	%
Operating income	$	501		$	501		0.1	%	1.7	%	(1.0)	%	(0.1)	%	(0.5)	%	0.1	%
Operating margin %	24.2		%	23.8		%	40 bps		90 bps		(50) bps		—		—		40 bps

•Operating revenue decreased in the third quarter due to lower organic revenue, partially offset by revenue from acquisitions and the favorable effect of foreign currency translation. In the year-to-date period, operating revenue declined due to lower organic revenue and the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation, partially offset by revenue from acquisitions.

•The Company completed the acquisition of one business for $57 million, net of cash acquired, on January 2, 2024, and completed the acquisition of a second business for $59 million, net of cash acquired, on April 1, 2024. Refer to Note 2. Acquisitions in Item 1. Financial Statements for additional information regarding these acquisitions.

•Organic revenue decreased 1.5% in the third quarter primarily due to a decline in the MTS Test & Simulation business and lower demand in the semiconductor and consumer electronics end markets. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue declined 2.0% primarily due to a decline in the semiconductor and electronics end markets, partially offset by growth in the MTS Test & Simulation business.

◦Organic revenue for the test and measurement businesses decreased 3.3% in the third quarter primarily driven by lower demand in the semiconductor end market, primarily in North America and Asia Pacific, and a decline in the MTS Test & Simulation European business. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue declined 1.5% primarily driven by lower demand in the semiconductor and general industrial end markets, partially offset by growth in the MTS Test & Simulation business.

◦Electronics organic revenue increased 1.0% in the third quarter primarily due to higher demand in the consumable semiconductor end market, partially offset by a decline in the consumer electronics end market. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue declined 3.4% primarily due to a decline in the consumer electronics end market, partially offset by higher demand in the consumable semiconductor end market. The electronics assembly businesses decreased 8.2% and 16.0% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively, primarily due to lower demand in North America. The other electronics businesses, which include the contamination control, static control and pressure sensitive adhesives businesses, increased 5.2% in the third quarter and 2.4% in the year-to-date period due to higher demand across all major regions.

•Operating margin was 25.7% in the third quarter. The increase of 190 basis points was primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and favorable price/cost of 60 basis points, partially offset by product mix, the dilutive impact of 50 basis points from acquisitions in 2024, unfavorable operating leverage of 40 basis points and higher employee-related expenses.

•In the year-to-date period, operating margin of 24.2% increased 40 basis points primarily driven by favorable price/cost of 70 basis points and benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, partially offset by product mix, unfavorable operating leverage of 50 basis points, the dilutive impact of 50 basis points from acquisitions in 2024 and higher employee-related expenses.

WELDING

This segment is a branded value-added equipment and specialty consumable manufacturer with innovative and leading technology. Businesses in this segment produce arc welding equipment, consumables and accessories for a wide array of

24

industrial and commercial applications. This segment primarily serves the general industrial market, which includes fabrication, shipbuilding and other general industrial markets, and construction, energy, MRO, industrial capital goods and automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers markets. Products in this segment include:

•arc welding equipment; and

•metal arc welding consumables and related accessories.

The results of operations for the Welding segment for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	462		$	468		(1.3)	%	(1.0)	%	—	%	—	%	(0.3)	%	(1.3)	%
Operating income	$	149		$	147		0.8	%	1.1	%	—	%	—	%	(0.3)	%	0.8	%
Operating margin %	32.3		%	31.6		%	70 bps		70 bps		—		—		—		70 bps

	Nine Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	1,404		$	1,451		(3.2)	%	(3.1)	%	—	%	—	%	(0.1)	%	(3.2)	%
Operating income	$	458		$	471		(3.0)	%	(3.0)	%	—	%	0.1	%	(0.1)	%	(3.0)	%
Operating margin %	32.6		%	32.5		%	10 bps		—		—		10 bps		—		10 bps

•Operating revenue decreased in the third quarter and year-to-date periods due to lower organic revenue and the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation.

•Organic revenue decreased 1.0% in the third quarter as equipment and consumables declined 0.9% and 1.1%, respectively. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue declined 3.1% as equipment and consumables decreased 2.7% and 3.7%, respectively.

◦North American organic revenue declined 2.3% in the third quarter as the industrial and commercial end markets decreased 0.5% and 5.2%, respectively. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue decreased 3.7% as the industrial and commercial end markets declined 3.1% and 5.7%, respectively.

◦International organic revenue increased 6.0% in the third quarter primarily due to higher demand in Europe and Asia Pacific. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue grew 0.3% primarily due to growth in Europe, partially offset by lower demand in the general industrial and oil and gas end markets in Asia Pacific.

•Operating margin was 32.3% in the third quarter. The increase of 70 basis points was primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and favorable price/cost of 60 basis points, partially offset by higher employee-related expenses and unfavorable operating leverage of 20 basis points.

•In the year-to-date period, operating margin of 32.6% increased 10 basis points primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and favorable price/cost of 70 basis points, partially offset by higher employee-related expenses and unfavorable operating leverage of 50 basis points.

POLYMERS & FLUIDS

This segment is a branded supplier to niche markets that require value-added, differentiated products. Businesses in this segment produce engineered adhesives, sealants, lubrication and cutting fluids, and fluids and polymers for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance. This segment primarily serves the automotive aftermarket, general industrial and MRO markets. Products in this segment include:

•adhesives for industrial, construction and consumer purposes;

•chemical fluids which clean or add lubrication to machines;

•epoxy and resin-based coating products for industrial applications;

•hand wipes and cleaners for industrial applications;

•fluids, polymers and other supplies for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance;

•fillers and putties for auto body repair; and

•polyester coatings and patch and repair products for the marine industry.

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The results of operations for the Polymers & Fluids segment for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	448		$	458		(1.9)	%	1.3	%	—	%	—	%	(3.2)	%	(1.9)	%
Operating income	$	125		$	129		(2.7)	%	2.3	%	—	%	—	%	(5.0)	%	(2.7)	%
Operating margin %	27.9		%	28.1		%	(20) bps		30 bps		—		—		(50) bps		(20) bps

	Nine Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	1,334		$	1,364		(2.2)	%	1.0	%	—	%	—	%	(3.2)	%	(2.2)	%
Operating income	$	364		$	357		2.1	%	5.3	%	—	%	1.1	%	(4.3)	%	2.1	%
Operating margin %	27.3		%	26.2		%	110 bps		110 bps		—		30 bps		(30) bps		110 bps

•Operating revenue decreased in the third quarter and year-to-date periods due to the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation, partially offset by higher organic revenue.

•Organic revenue increased 1.3% and 1.0% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 30 basis points in the third quarter and year-to-date periods.

◦Organic revenue for the polymers businesses grew 9.6% in the third quarter and 6.7% in the year-to-date period due to increases in South America, Europe and Asia Pacific, partially offset by a decrease in North America.

◦Organic revenue for the fluids businesses grew 2.8% in the third quarter primarily driven by higher demand in Europe, primarily due to growth in the hygiene end market, partially offset by a decline in North America. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue increased 2.2% driven by higher demand in Europe, primarily due to growth in the hygiene end market, and North America.

◦Organic revenue for the automotive aftermarket businesses declined 3.3% and 2.4% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively, primarily due to lower demand in the North American car care, body repair and tire repair businesses, partially offset by growth in the North American engine repair business and the European additives and tire repair businesses.

•Operating margin was 27.9% in the third quarter. The decrease of 20 basis points was primarily driven by higher employee-related expenses and unfavorable price/cost of 20 basis points, partially offset by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and lower intangible asset amortization expense.

•In the year-to-date period, operating margin of 27.3% increased 110 basis points primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, favorable price/cost of 50 basis points, lower restructuring expenses and lower intangible asset amortization expense, partially offset by higher employee-related expenses.

CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS

This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions. This segment primarily serves the residential construction, renovation/remodel and commercial construction markets. Products in this segment include:

•fasteners and related fastening tools for wood and metal applications;

•anchors, fasteners and related tools for concrete applications;

•metal plate truss components and related equipment and software; and

•packaged hardware, fasteners, anchors and other products for retail.

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The results of operations for the Construction Products segment for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	479		$	522		(8.1)	%	(8.8)	%	—	%	—	%	0.7	%	(8.1)	%
Operating income	$	145		$	155		(7.1)	%	(6.3)	%	—	%	(1.3)	%	0.5	%	(7.1)	%
Operating margin %	30.2		%	29.9		%	30 bps		80 bps		—		(50) bps		—		30 bps

	Nine Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	1,471		$	1,574		(6.6)	%	(6.5)	%	—	%	—	%	(0.1)	%	(6.6)	%
Operating income	$	436		$	454		(4.1)	%	(2.9)	%	—	%	(1.1)	%	(0.1)	%	(4.1)	%
Operating margin %	29.6		%	28.9		%	70 bps		110 bps		—		(40) bps		—		70 bps

•Operating revenue declined in the third quarter due to lower organic revenue, partially offset by the favorable effect of foreign currency translation. In the year-to-date period, operating revenue decreased primarily due to lower organic revenue.

•Organic revenue decreased 8.8% and 6.5% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively, primarily due to lower demand across all major regions. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 60 basis points in the third quarter and 50 basis points in the year-to-date period.

◦North American organic revenue declined 10.1% in the third quarter and 4.9% in the year-to-date period due to lower demand in the residential and commercial end markets. Organic revenue in the United States residential end market decreased 11.7% and 4.8% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively, and the commercial end market declined 7.4% in the third quarter and 9.7% in the year-to-date period. Organic revenue in Canada grew 9.6% and 5.0% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively.

◦International organic revenue declined 7.1% in the third quarter and 8.4% in the year-to-date period. European organic revenue decreased 3.7% in the third quarter and 7.4% in the year-to-date period primarily due to lower demand in the commercial and residential end markets. Asia Pacific organic revenue declined 10.6% and 9.5% in the third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively, primarily due to lower demand in the Australia and New Zealand residential end markets.

•Operating margin was 30.2% in the third quarter. The increase of 30 basis points was primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and favorable price/cost of 50 basis points, partially offset by unfavorable operating leverage of 170 basis points, higher restructuring expenses and higher employee-related expenses.

•In the year-to-date period, operating margin of 29.6% increased 70 basis points primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and favorable price/cost of 20 basis points, partially offset by unfavorable operating leverage of 130 basis points, higher restructuring expenses and higher employee-related expenses.

SPECIALTY PRODUCTS

This segment is focused on diversified niche market opportunities with substantial patent protection producing beverage packaging equipment and consumables, product coding and marking equipment and consumables, and appliance components and fasteners. This segment primarily serves the food and beverage, consumer durables, general industrial, industrial capital goods, airlines and printing and publishing markets. Products in this segment include:

•conveyor systems and line automation for the food and beverage industries;

•plastic consumables that multi-pack cans and bottles and related equipment;

•foil, film and related equipment used to decorate consumer products;

•product coding and marking equipment and related consumables;

•plastic and metal closures and components for appliances;

•airport ground support equipment; and

•components for medical devices.

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The results of operations for the Specialty Products segment for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	438		$	414		5.7	%	6.0	%	—	%	—	%	(0.3)	%	5.7	%
Operating income	$	136		$	115		18.5	%	20.2	%	—	%	(1.3)	%	(0.4)	%	18.5	%
Operating margin %	31.1		%	27.8		%	330 bps		370 bps		—		(40) bps		—		330 bps

	Nine Months Ended
Dollars in millions	September 30,								Components of Increase (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	$	1,327		$	1,260		5.3	%	6.0	%	(0.7)	%	—	%	—	%	5.3	%
Operating income	$	410		$	333		22.9	%	22.2	%	(0.1)	%	0.9	%	(0.1)	%	22.9	%
Operating margin %	30.9		%	26.4		%	450 bps		410 bps		20 bps		20 bps		—		450 bps

•Operating revenue increased in the third quarter due to higher organic revenue, partially offset by the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation. In the year-to-date period, operating revenue increased due to higher organic revenue, partially offset by the impact of a divestiture in the second quarter of 2023.

•The Company divested a business on April 3, 2023. There was no operating revenue for this business in the third quarter of 2023 and $9 million in the year-to-date period of 2023.

•Organic revenue increased 6.0% in the third quarter as consumables grew 6.0% and equipment sales increased 5.7%. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue grew 6.0% as consumables increased 2.9% and equipment sales grew 19.1%. In both respective periods, organic revenue grew in all major regions. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 190 basis points in both the third quarter and year-to-date periods.

◦North American organic revenue grew 7.9% in the third quarter primarily driven by growth in the ground support equipment, consumer packaging, specialty films and appliance businesses. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue increased 3.9% primarily driven by growth in the ground support equipment, appliance, consumer packaging and strength films businesses, partially offset by a decline in the decorative and thermal foils businesses.

◦International organic revenue increased 2.2% in the third quarter primarily due to growth in Europe, primarily in the ground support equipment business, partially offset by a decline in the consumer packaging businesses. In the year-to-date period, organic revenue grew 10.2% primarily due to an increase in Europe, primarily in the ground support equipment business, and growth in the appliance business in Asia Pacific, partially offset by a decline in the consumer packaging businesses.

•Operating margin was 31.1% in the third quarter. The increase of 330 basis points was primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and favorable operating leverage of 100 basis points, partially offset by higher employee-related expenses, higher restructuring expenses and product mix.

•In the year-to-date period, operating margin of 30.9% increased 450 basis points primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, favorable operating leverage of 120 basis points, favorable price/cost of 90 basis points and the favorable impact of a divestiture in the second quarter of 2023, partially offset by higher employee-related expenses and product mix.

OTHER FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

•Interest expense was $69 million and $215 million in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024, respectively, versus $67 million and $196 million in 2023, respectively. Interest expense in 2024 was higher than 2023 primarily due to the issuance of the Euro notes in May of 2024, partially offset by the repayment of the $700 million notes due March 1, 2024. Refer to Note 11. Debt in Item 1. Financial Statements for further information regarding the Company's outstanding debt.

•Other income (expense) was income of $379 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $421 million in the year-to-date period. On August 5, 2024, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with affiliates of CD&R for the sale of the Company’s noncontrolling equity interest in Wilsonart. The transaction closed immediately after the execution of the purchase agreement. Proceeds from the transaction, net of transaction costs, were $395 million, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $363 million. The sale of the Company’s equity interest in Wilsonart is not expected to have a material impact

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on the Company’s financial results in subsequent quarters. Refer to Note 4. Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC in Item 1. Financial Statements for additional information regarding this transaction. Excluding the Wilsonart pre-tax gain, other income (expense) in the third quarter of 2024 increased $6 million compared to the third quarter of 2023 primarily due to investment losses in 2023. Excluding the Wilsonart pre-tax gain, the increase in the year-to-date period of $18 million was primarily driven by lower foreign currency transaction losses compared to 2023.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Information regarding new accounting pronouncements is included in Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies in Item 1. Financial Statements.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company's primary sources of liquidity are free cash flow and short-term credit facilities. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had $947 million of cash and equivalents on hand and no outstanding borrowings under its $3.0 billion revolving credit facility. The Company also has maintained strong access to public debt markets. Management believes that these sources are sufficient to service debt and to finance the Company's capital allocation priorities, which include:

•internal investments to support organic growth and sustain core businesses;

•payment of an attractive dividend to shareholders; and

•external investments in selective strategic acquisitions that support the Company's organic growth focus and an active share repurchase program.

The Company believes that, based on its operating revenue, operating margin, free cash flow, and credit ratings, it could readily obtain additional financing, if necessary.

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Cash Flow

The Company uses free cash flow to measure cash flow generated by operations that is available for dividends, share repurchases, acquisitions and debt repayment. The Company believes this non-GAAP financial measure is useful to investors in evaluating the Company's financial performance and measures the Company's ability to generate cash internally to fund Company initiatives. Free cash flow represents net cash provided by operating activities less additions to plant and equipment. Free cash flow is a measurement that is not the same as net cash flow from operating activities per the statement of cash flows and may not be consistent with similarly titled measures used by other companies. Summarized cash flow information for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	891	$	982	$	2,167	$	2,500
Additions to plant and equipment	(108)		(126)		(319)		(324)
Free cash flow	$	783	$	856	$	1,848	$	2,176
Cash dividends paid	$	(415)	$	(396)	$	(1,252)	$	(1,194)
Repurchases of common stock	(375)		(375)		(1,125)		(1,125)
Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents)	—		—		(115)		—
Proceeds from sale of noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC	395		—		395		—
Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt with original maturities of three months or less	(333)		(25)		(199)		(367)
Proceeds from debt with original maturities of more than three months	—		—		1,606		1,425
Repayments of debt with original maturities of more than three months	—		—		(1,295)		(678)
Other, net	9		31		31		75
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents	21		(23)		(12)		(30)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents	$	85	$	68	$	(118)	$	282

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Stock Repurchase Programs

On May 7, 2021, the Company announced a stock repurchase program which provided for the repurchase of up to $3.0 billion of the Company's common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2021 Program"). Under the 2021 program, the Company repurchased approximately 7.1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $210.46 per share during 2022, approximately 1.6 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $233.62 in the first quarter of 2023, approximately 1.6 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $229.30 in the second quarter of 2023, approximately 1.6 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $241.55 in the third quarter of 2023 and approximately 1.5 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $237.34 in the fourth quarter of 2023. The 2021 Program was completed in the fourth quarter of 2023.

On August 4, 2023, the Company announced a new stock repurchase program which provides for the repurchase of up to an additional $5.0 billion of the Company's common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2023 Program"). Under the 2023 program, the Company repurchased approximately 38,000 shares of its common stock at an average price of $263.44 per share in the fourth quarter of 2023, approximately 1.4 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $259.07 per share in the first quarter of 2024, approximately 1.6 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $247.42 in the second quarter of 2024 and approximately 1.5 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $244.88 in the third quarter of 2024. As of September 30, 2024, there were $3.9 billion of authorized repurchases remaining under the 2023 Program.

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After-tax Return on Average Invested Capital

The Company uses after-tax return on average invested capital ("After-tax ROIC") to measure the effectiveness of its operations' use of invested capital to generate profits. After-tax ROIC is not defined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). After-tax ROIC is a non-GAAP financial measure that the Company believes is a meaningful metric to investors in evaluating the Company's ability to generate returns from cash invested in its operations and may be different than the method used by other companies to calculate After-tax ROIC. The Company defines After-tax ROIC as operating income after taxes divided by average invested capital, which is annualized when presented in interim periods. Operating income after taxes is a non-GAAP measure consisting of net income before interest expense and other income (expense), on an after-tax basis, which are excluded as they do not represent returns generated by the Company's operations. For comparability, the Company also excluded the net discrete tax benefit of $121 million in the third quarter of 2024 from net income and the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Additionally, for comparability, the Company also excluded the discrete tax benefit of $20 million in the second quarter of 2023 from net income and the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Total invested capital represents the net assets of the Company, other than cash and equivalents and outstanding debt which do not represent capital investment in the Company's operations. The most comparable GAAP measure to operating income after taxes is net income. Net income to average invested capital and After-tax ROIC for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
Dollars in millions	2024			2023			2024			2023
Numerator:
Net Income	$	1,160		$	772		$	2,738		$	2,240
Net discrete tax benefit related to the third quarter 2024	(121)			—			(121)			—
Discrete tax benefit related to the second quarter 2023	—			—			—			(20)
Interest expense, net of tax (1)	53			51			164			150
Other (income) expense, net of tax (1)	(288)			(8)			(320)			(31)
Operating income after taxes	$	804		$	815		$	2,461		$	2,339
Denominator:
Invested capital:
Cash and equivalents	$	947		$	990		$	947		$	990
Trade receivables	3,226			3,163			3,226			3,163
Inventories	1,817			1,799			1,817			1,799
Net plant and equipment	2,071			1,904			2,071			1,904
Goodwill and intangible assets	5,597			5,510			5,597			5,510
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(2,211)			(2,168)			(2,211)			(2,168)
Debt	(8,346)			(8,066)			(8,346)			(8,066)
Other, net	291			(128)			291			(128)
Total net assets (stockholders' equity)	3,392			3,004			3,392			3,004
Cash and equivalents	(947)			(990)			(947)			(990)
Debt	8,346			8,066			8,346			8,066
Total invested capital	$	10,791		$	10,080		$	10,791		$	10,080
Average invested capital (2)	$	10,682		$	10,237		$	10,466		$	10,239
Net income to average invested capital (3)	43.4		%	30.1		%	34.9		%	29.2		%
After-tax return on average invested capital (3)	30.0		%	31.9		%	31.3		%	30.5		%

(1)    Effective tax rate used for interest expense and other (income) expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was 23.7% and 23.8%, respectively. Effective tax rate used for interest expense and other (income) expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was 23.9% and 23.4%, respectively.

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(2)    Average invested capital is calculated using the total invested capital balances at the start of the period and at the end of each quarter within each of the periods presented.

(3)    Returns for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were converted to an annual rate by multiplying the calculated return by 4. Returns for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were converted to an annual rate by dividing the calculated return by 3 and multiplying it by 4.

After-tax ROIC for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 included 110 basis points of favorable impact related to the cumulative effect of the change from the LIFO method of accounting to the FIFO method for certain U.S. businesses ($117 million pre-tax, or $88 million after-tax) in the first quarter of 2024. Refer to Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies and Note 8. Inventories in Item 1. Financial Statements for additional information regarding this change in accounting method.

A reconciliation of the tax rate for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024, excluding the third quarter 2024 net discrete tax benefit of $121 million, which included favorable discrete tax benefits of $107 million related to the utilization of capital loss carryforwards upon the sale of Wilsonart and $87 million related to a reorganization of the Company's intellectual property, partially offset by a $73 million discrete tax expense related to the remeasurement of unrecognized tax benefits associated with various intercompany transactions, is as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2024
Dollars in millions	Income Taxes		Tax Rate		Income Taxes		Tax Rate
As reported	$	202	14.9	%	$	701	20.4	%
Net discrete tax benefit related to the third quarter 2024	121		8.8	%	121		3.5	%
As adjusted	$	323	23.7	%	$	822	23.9	%

A reconciliation of the tax rate for the nine month period ended September 30, 2023, excluding the second quarter 2023 discrete tax benefit of $20 million related to amended 2021 U.S. taxes, is as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023
Dollars in millions	Income Taxes		Tax Rate
As reported	$	656	22.7	%
Discrete tax benefit related to the second quarter 2023	20		0.7	%
As adjusted	$	676	23.4	%

Refer to Note 6. Income Taxes in Item 1. Financial Statement for additional information regarding the third quarter 2024 and second quarter 2023 discrete tax items.

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Working Capital

Management uses working capital as a measurement of the short-term liquidity of the Company. Net working capital as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is summarized as follows:

In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		Increase/ (Decrease)
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents	$	947	$	1,065	$	(118)
Trade receivables	3,226		3,123		103
Inventories	1,817		1,707		110
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	314		340		(26)
Total current assets	6,304		6,235		69
Current liabilities:
Short-term debt	1,768		1,825		(57)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	2,211		2,244		(33)
Other	648		606		42
Total current liabilities	4,627		4,675		(48)
Net working capital	$	1,677	$	1,560	$	117

As of September 30, 2024, a significant portion of the Company's cash and equivalents was held by international subsidiaries. Cash and equivalents held internationally may be subject to foreign withholding taxes if repatriated to the U.S. Cash and equivalents held internationally are typically used for international operating needs or reinvested to fund expansion of existing international businesses. International funds may also be used to fund international acquisitions or, if not considered permanently invested, may be repatriated to the U.S. The Company has accrued for foreign withholding taxes related to foreign held cash and equivalents that are not permanently invested.

In the U.S., the Company utilizes cash flows from operations to fund domestic cash needs and the Company's capital allocation priorities. This includes operating needs of the U.S. businesses, dividend payments, share repurchases, acquisitions, servicing of domestic debt obligations, reinvesting to fund expansion of existing U.S. businesses and general corporate needs. The Company may also use its commercial paper program, which is supported by a long-term credit facility, for short-term liquidity needs. The Company believes cash generated by operations and liquidity provided by the Company's commercial paper program will continue to be sufficient to fund cash requirements in the U.S.

Debt

Total debt as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows:

In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Short-term debt	$	1,768	$	1,825
Long-term debt	6,578		6,339
Total debt	$	8,346	$	8,164

Short-term debt included commercial paper of $265 million and $464 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate on commercial paper as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was 4.85% and 5.40%, respectively. Short-term debt also included $668 million as of September 30, 2024 and $661 million as of December 31, 2023 related to the 0.25% Euro notes due December 5, 2024, which were reclassified from Long-term debt to Short-term debt in the fourth quarter of 2023. Short-term debt as of September 30, 2024 also included $835 million related to the Euro-denominated credit agreement (the "Euro Credit Agreement") entered into on May 5, 2023, which was reclassified to Short-term debt in the second quarter of 2024 since the debt, including the options to extend the termination date, is due in April 2025. Additionally, Short-term debt as of December 31, 2023 included $700 million related to the 3.50% notes due March 1, 2024, which were repaid on the due date.

On May 5, 2023, the Company entered into a €1.3 billion Euro Credit Agreement with an initial termination date of May 3, 2024; provided, however, that the Company may extend the termination date by six months on up to two occasions. On May

34

12, 2023, the Company borrowed €1.3 billion of Euro term loans under the Euro Credit Agreement. Proceeds from the borrowing were used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of outstanding debt. Any loan under the Euro Credit Agreement may not be re-borrowed once repaid, in full or in part, and will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the applicable EURIBOR (adjusted for any statutory reserves) plus 0.75% for the interest period selected by the Company of one, three or six months. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had €1.3 billion outstanding under the Euro Credit Agreement, which was included in Long-term debt as the Company intended to exercise its options to extend the termination date. The first and second options to extend the termination date were both exercised in 2024. On May 22, 2024, the Company repaid €550 million of the term loans under the Euro Credit Agreement using a portion of the proceeds from the Euro notes issued on May 17, 2024, as discussed below. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had €750 million remaining outstanding under the Euro Credit Agreement with an interest rate of 4.13%.

On May 17, 2024, the Company issued €650 million of 3.25% Euro notes due May 17, 2028 at 99.525% of face value and €850 million of 3.375% Euro notes due May 17, 2032 at 99.072% of face value. Proceeds from the issuance were used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of a portion of the indebtedness under the commercial paper program and the Euro Credit Agreement.

The Company also has a $3.0 billion revolving credit facility with a termination date of October 21, 2027, which is available to provide additional liquidity, including to support the potential issuances of commercial paper. No amounts were outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

Total Debt to EBITDA

The Company uses the ratio of total debt to EBITDA as a measure of its ability to repay its outstanding debt obligations. EBITDA and the ratio of total debt to EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures. The Company believes that total debt to EBITDA is a meaningful metric to investors in evaluating the Company's long term financial liquidity and may be different than the method used by other companies to calculate total debt to EBITDA. The ratio of total debt to EBITDA represents total debt divided by net income before interest expense, other income (expense), income taxes, depreciation, and amortization and impairment of intangible assets on a trailing twelve month basis. Total debt to EBITDA for the trailing twelve month periods ended September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows:

Dollars in millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Total debt	$	8,346	$	8,164
Net income	$	3,455	$	2,957
Add:
Interest expense	285		266
Other (income) expense	(430)		(49)
Income taxes	911		866
Depreciation	298		282
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	101		113
EBITDA	$	4,620	$	4,435
Total debt to EBITDA ratio	1.8		1.8

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Stockholders' Equity

The changes to stockholders' equity during the nine months ended 2024 were as follows:

In millions
Total stockholders' equity, December 31, 2023	$	3,013
Net income	2,738
Repurchases of common stock	(1,125)
Dividends declared	(1,277)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(15)
Other, net	58
Total stockholders' equity, September 30, 2024	$	3,392

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as "believe," "expect," "plans," "intend," "may," "strategy," "prospects," "estimate," "will," "should," "could," "project," "target," "anticipate," "guidance," "forecast," and other similar words, and may include, without limitation, statements regarding the duration and potential effects of global supply chain challenges and the Company's strategy in response thereto on the Company's business, future financial and operating performance, free cash flow, economic and regulatory conditions in various geographic regions including inflation, the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, the timing and amount of benefits from the Company's enterprise strategy initiatives, the timing and amount of dividends and share repurchases, the protection of the Company's intellectual property, the likelihood of future goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges, the impact of adopting new accounting pronouncements, the adequacy of internally generated funds and credit facilities to service debt and finance the Company's capital allocation priorities, the sufficiency of U.S.-generated cash to fund cash requirements in the U.S., the cost and availability of additional financing, the availability of raw materials and energy and the impact of raw material cost inflation, the Company's portion of future benefit payments related to pension and other postretirement benefits, the Company's information technology infrastructure, potential acquisitions and divestitures and the expected performance of acquired businesses and impact of divested businesses, the impact of U.S. and global tax legislation and the estimated timing and amount related to the resolution of tax matters, the cost of compliance with environmental regulations, the impact of failure of the Company's employees to comply with applicable laws and regulations, and the outcome of outstanding legal proceedings. These statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and other factors, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. Important risks that may influence future results include (1) weaknesses or downturns in the markets served by the Company, (2) changes or deterioration in international and domestic political and economic conditions, such as the Russia and Ukraine conflict or U.S.-China trade relations and the impact of related economic and other sanctions, (3) the unfavorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations, (4) the Company's enterprise strategy initiatives may not have the desired impact on organic revenue growth, (5) market conditions and cost and availability of financing to fund the Company's share repurchases, (6) a delay or decrease in the introduction of new products into the Company's product lines, (7) any failure to protect the Company's intellectual property, (8) potential negative impact of impairments to goodwill and other intangible assets on the Company's return on invested capital, financial condition or results of operations, (9) raw material price increases and supply shortages or delays, (10) financial market risks to the Company's obligations under its defined benefit pension plans, (11) negative effects of service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks, security breaches of our technology networks and systems or those of our vendors and third-party service providers, or violations of data privacy laws, (12) the potential negative impact of acquisitions on the Company's profitability and returns, (13) potential negative effects of divestitures, including retained liabilities and unknown contingent liabilities, (14) impact of tax legislation and regulatory action and changing tax rates, (15) potential adverse outcomes in legal proceedings or enforcement actions, (16) uncertainties related to environmental regulation and the physical risks of climate change, (17) potential failure of the Company's employees, agents or business partners to comply with anti-bribery, competition, import/export, trade sanctions, data privacy, human rights and other laws, (18) public health crises and related government actions, and (19) increases in inflation or interest rates and the possibility of economic recession. A more detailed description of these risks is contained under the heading "Risk Factors" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. These risks are not all inclusive and given these and other possible risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results.

Any forward-looking statements made by ITW speak only as of the date on which they are made. ITW is under no obligation to, and expressly disclaims any obligation to, update or alter its forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or otherwise, except as required by law.

36

ITW practices fair disclosure for all interested parties. Investors should be aware that while ITW regularly communicates with securities analysts and other investment professionals, it is against ITW's policy to disclose to them any material non-public information or other confidential commercial information. Investors should not assume that ITW agrees with any statement or report issued by any analyst irrespective of the content of the statement or report.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes to exposures to market risk as reported in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's President & Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a–15(e)) as of September 30, 2024. Based on such evaluation, the Company's President & Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2024, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

In connection with the evaluation by management, including the Company's President & Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 were identified that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

37

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

None. The Company's threshold for disclosing environmental legal proceedings involving a governmental authority where potential monetary sanctions are involved is $1 million.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

The Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are subject to various risks which could cause actual results to vary materially from recent results or from anticipated future results. Refer to the description of the Company's risk factors previously disclosed in Part I - Item 1A - Risk Factors in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to the risk factors described therein.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On May 7, 2021, the Company announced a stock repurchase program which provided for the repurchase of up to $3.0 billion of the Company's common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2021 Program"). The 2021 Program was completed in the fourth quarter of 2023.

On August 4, 2023, the Company announced a new stock repurchase program which provides for the repurchase of up to an additional $5.0 billion of the Company's common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2023 Program"). As of September 30, 2024, there were approximately $3.9 billion of authorized repurchases remaining under the 2023 Program.

Share repurchase activity for the third quarter of 2024 was as follows:

In millions except per share amounts
Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs	Maximum Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under Programs
July 2024	0.6	$	242.75	0.6	$	4,102
August 2024	0.5	$	243.09	0.5	$	3,965
September 2024	0.4	$	250.45	0.4	$	3,865
Total	1.5			1.5

38

ITEM 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Index

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description
31	Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications.
32	Section 1350 Certification.
101	The following financial and related information from the Illinois Tool Works Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 is formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL) and submitted electronically herewith: (i) Statement of Income, (ii) Statement of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Statement of Financial Position, (iv) Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity, (v) Statement of Cash Flows, and (vi) related Notes to Financial Statements.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

39

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC.
Dated:	October 30, 2024	By:	/s/ Randall J. Scheuneman
			Randall J. Scheuneman
			Vice President & Chief Accounting Officer
			(Principal Accounting Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

40

EX-31

Exhibit 31

Rule 13a-14(a) Certification

I, Christopher A. O'Herlihy, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Illinois Tool Works Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of the annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:	October 30, 2024	/s/ Christopher A. O'Herlihy
		Christopher A. O'Herlihy
		President & Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31

Rule 13a-14(a) Certification

I, Michael M. Larsen, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Illinois Tool Works Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of the annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:	October 30, 2024	/s/ Michael M. Larsen
		Michael M. Larsen
		Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

Exhibit 32

Section 1350 Certification

The following statement is being made to the Securities and Exchange Commission solely for purposes of Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350), which carries with it certain criminal penalties in the event of a knowing or willful misrepresentation.

Each of the undersigned hereby certifies that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in such report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the registrant.

Dated:	October 30, 2024	/s/ Christopher A. O'Herlihy
		Christopher A. O'Herlihy
		President & Chief Executive Officer

Dated:	October 30, 2024	/s/ Michael M. Larsen
		Michael M. Larsen
		Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

XML

Cover Page shares in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 shares
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-4797
Entity Registrant Name	ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	36-1258310
Entity Address, Address Line One	155 Harlem Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	Glenview
Entity Address, State or Province	IL
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	60025
City Area Code	847
Local Phone Number	724-7500
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	295.3
Entity Central Index Key	0000049826
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	ITW
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
0.250% Euro Notes due 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	0.250% Euro Notes due 2024
Trading Symbol	ITW24A
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
0.625% Euro Notes due 2027
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	0.625% Euro Notes due 2027
Trading Symbol	ITW27
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
3.250% Euro Notes due 2028
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	3.250% Euro Notes due 2028
Trading Symbol	ITW28
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
2.125% Euro Notes due 2030
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	2.125% Euro Notes due 2030
Trading Symbol	ITW30
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
1.00% Euro Notes due 2031
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	1.00% Euro Notes due 2031
Trading Symbol	ITW31
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
3.375% Euro Notes due 2032
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	3.375% Euro Notes due 2032
Trading Symbol	ITW32
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
3.00% Euro Notes due 2034
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	3.00% Euro Notes due 2034
Trading Symbol	ITW34
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

XML

Statement of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Operating Revenue	$ 3,966	$ 4,031	$ 11,966	$ 12,124
Cost of revenue	2,230	2,319	6,637	7,004
Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses	658	615	2,020	1,980
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	26	27	76	88
Operating Income	1,052	1,070	3,233	3,052
Interest expense	(69)	(67)	(215)	(196)
Other income (expense)	379	10	421	40
Income Before Taxes	1,362	1,013	3,439	2,896
Income Taxes	202	241	701	656
Net Income	$ 1,160	$ 772	$ 2,738	$ 2,240
Net Income Per Share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 3.92	$ 2.55	$ 9.20	$ 7.38
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 3.91	$ 2.55	$ 9.17	$ 7.36
Shares of Common Stock Outstanding During the Period:
Average (in shares)	296.1	301.9	297.6	303.4
Average assuming dilution (in shares)	297.0	303.0	298.5	304.5

XML

Statement of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income	$ 1,160	$ 772	$ 2,738	$ 2,240
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	73	(82)	(20)	(61)
Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	3	0	5	0
Other comprehensive income (loss)	76	(82)	(15)	(61)
Comprehensive Income	$ 1,236	$ 690	$ 2,723	$ 2,179

XML

Statement of Financial Position (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Assets:
Cash and equivalents	$ 947	$ 1,065
Trade receivables	3,226	3,123
Inventories	1,817	1,707
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	314	340
Total current assets	6,304	6,235
Net plant and equipment	2,071	1,976
Goodwill	4,980	4,909
Intangible assets	617	657
Deferred income taxes	468	479
Other assets	1,384	1,262
Total assets	15,824	15,518
Current Liabilities:
Short-term debt	1,768	1,825
Accounts payable	556	581
Accrued expenses	1,655	1,663
Cash dividends payable	443	419
Income taxes payable	205	187
Total current liabilities	4,627	4,675
Noncurrent Liabilities:
Long-term debt	6,578	6,339
Deferred income taxes	129	326
Noncurrent income taxes payable	0	151
Other liabilities	1,098	1,014
Total noncurrent liabilities	7,805	7,830
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock (Authorized- 700.0 shares; par value of $0.01 per share): Issued- 550.0 shares in 2024 and 2023 Outstanding- 295.3 shares in 2024 and 299.3 shares in 2023	6	6
Additional paid-in-capital	1,651	1,588
Retained earnings	28,583	27,122
Common stock held in treasury	(25,000)	(23,870)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,849)	(1,834)
Noncontrolling interest	1	1
Total stockholders' equity	3,392	3,013
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 15,824	$ 15,518

XML

Statement of Financial Position (Unaudited) - Parenthetical - $ / shares shares in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock authorized (in shares)	700.0	700.0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, issued (in shares)	550.0	550.0
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	295.3	299.3

XML

Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Common Stock Held in Treasury	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Non-controlling Interest
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 3,089	$ 6	$ 1,501	$ 25,799	$ (22,377)	$ (1,841)	$ 1
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	2,240			2,240
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	34		16		18
Stock-based compensation expense	52		52
Repurchases of common stock	(1,125)				(1,125)
Excise tax on repurchases of common stock	(9)				(9)
Dividends declared	(1,216)			(1,216)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(61)					(61)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	3,004	6	1,569	26,823	(23,493)	(1,902)	1
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023	3,094	6	1,550	26,473	(23,116)	(1,820)	1
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	772			772
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	3		2		1
Stock-based compensation expense	17		17
Repurchases of common stock	(375)				(375)
Excise tax on repurchases of common stock	(3)				(3)
Dividends declared	(422)			(422)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(82)					(82)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	3,004	6	1,569	26,823	(23,493)	(1,902)	1
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	3,013	6	1,588	27,122	(23,870)	(1,834)	1
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	2,738			2,738
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	20		15		5
Stock-based compensation expense	48		48
Repurchases of common stock	(1,125)				(1,125)
Excise tax on repurchases of common stock	(10)				(10)
Dividends declared	(1,277)			(1,277)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(15)					(15)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	3,392	6	1,651	28,583	(25,000)	(1,849)	1
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2024	2,962	6	1,636	27,866	(24,622)	(1,925)	1
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	1,160			1,160
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	2		1		1
Stock-based compensation expense	14		14
Repurchases of common stock	(375)				(375)
Excise tax on repurchases of common stock	(4)				(4)
Dividends declared	(443)			(443)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	76					76
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 3,392	$ 6	$ 1,651	$ 28,583	$ (25,000)	$ (1,849)	$ 1

XML

Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - Parenthetical - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends declared (in dollars per share)	$ 1.50	$ 1.40	$ 4.30	$ 4.02

XML

Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash Provided by (Used for) Operating Activities:
Net Income	$ 2,738	$ 2,240
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	224	208
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	76	88
Change in deferred income taxes	(166)	5
Net provision for (recoveries of) uncollectible accounts	(2)	7
(Income) loss from investments	0	0
(Gain) loss on sale of plant and equipment	(1)	0
(Gain) loss on sale of operations and affiliates	0	(1)
Gain on sale of noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC	(363)	0
Stock-based compensation expense	48	52
Cumulative effect of change in inventory accounting method	(117)	0
Other non-cash items, net	4	(5)
(Increase) decrease in-
Trade receivables	(93)	(39)
Inventories	22	235
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(29)	(23)
Increase (decrease) in-
Accounts payable	(29)	(3)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(51)	(123)
Income taxes	(94)	(140)
Other, net	0	(1)
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,167	2,500
Cash Provided by (Used for) Investing Activities:
Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents)	(115)	0
Additions to plant and equipment	(319)	(324)
Proceeds from investments	10	25
Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment	10	11
Proceeds from sale of operations and affiliates	0	7
Proceeds from sale of noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC	395	0
Other, net	(8)	(2)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(27)	(283)
Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities:
Cash dividends paid	(1,252)	(1,194)
Issuance of common stock	43	49
Repurchases of common stock	(1,125)	(1,125)
Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt with original maturities of three months or less	(199)	(367)
Proceeds from debt with original maturities of more than three months	1,606	1,425
Repayments of debt with original maturities of more than three months	(1,295)	(678)
Other, net	(24)	(15)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(2,246)	(1,905)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Equivalents	(12)	(30)
Cash and Equivalents:
Increase (decrease) during the period	(118)	282
Beginning of period	1,065	708
End of period	947	990
Supplementary Cash Flow Information:
Cash Paid During the Period for Interest	216	216
Cash Paid During the Period for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds	$ 960	$ 791

XML

Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

Financial Statements— The unaudited financial statements included herein have been prepared by Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries (the "Company"). In the opinion of management, the interim financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the results for interim periods. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. It is suggested that these financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes to financial statements included in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain reclassifications of prior year data have been made to conform with current year reporting.

Inventories— Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and include material, labor and factory overhead. As of December 31, 2023, the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method was used to determine the cost of inventories at certain U.S. businesses representing approximately 23% of total inventories, and the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method, which approximates current cost, was used for all other inventories. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company changed the method used to determine the cost of inventory at certain U.S. businesses from LIFO to the FIFO method, as the Company believes the FIFO method is preferable because it provides a more consistent method for valuing inventory across the Company’s operations, improves comparability with peers, and better reflects the current value of inventories at the balance sheet date.

The LIFO provision for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $6 million of expense and $7 million of income, respectively, and was not material to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Therefore, the Company recorded the pre-tax cumulative effect of this change in accounting method of $117 million as a reduction of Cost of revenue in the first quarter of 2024. Refer to Note 8. Inventories for additional information regarding the Company’s inventory balances.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued authoritative guidance which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments. The more significant provisions include the requirement to disclose significant segment expenses and certain disclosures made annually under existing guidance will be required for interim periods. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning with its annual reporting for the year ending December 31, 2024 and is required to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on its disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that expands the disclosure requirements for income taxes. The new guidance will require consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information presented in the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as disaggregation of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning with its annual reporting for the year ending December 31, 2025 and is required to be applied prospectively, with retrospective application to prior periods allowed. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on its disclosures.

XML

Acquisitions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

On January 2, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of one business in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment for $57 million, net of cash acquired. On April 1, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of one business in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment for $59 million, net of cash acquired. The purchase price for both acquisitions is subject to certain closing adjustments. These acquisitions were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. The allocation of purchase price for these acquisitions will be completed as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.

XML

Divestitures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Divestitures

Divestitures

The Company routinely reviews its portfolio of businesses relative to its business portfolio criteria and evaluates if further portfolio refinements may be needed. As such, the Company may commit to a plan to exit or dispose of certain businesses and present them as held for sale in periods prior to the sale of the business.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, plans were approved to divest one business in the Specialty Products segment. This business was presented as held for sale beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022. This business was sold on April 3, 2023, with no significant gain or loss upon sale. Operating revenue related to this business that was included in the Company's results of operations was $9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. There was no operating revenue related to this business included in the Company's results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

XML

Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC

Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC

In the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company divested a 51% majority interest in its former Decorative Surfaces segment to certain funds managed by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC ("CD&R"). As a result of the transaction, the Company owned common units (the "Common Units") of Wilsonart International Holdings LLC ("Wilsonart") initially representing approximately 49% (on an as-converted basis) of the total outstanding equity and CD&R owned cumulative convertible participating preferred units (the "Preferred Units") of Wilsonart representing approximately 51% (on an as-converted basis) of the total outstanding equity. The ownership interest in Wilsonart was reported using the equity method of accounting. The Company's proportionate share in the income (loss) of Wilsonart was reported in Other income (expense) in the Statement of Income. As the Company's investment in Wilsonart was structured as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes, U.S. taxes were recorded separately from the equity investment. In 2016, the Company received a $167 million dividend distribution from Wilsonart which exceeded the Company's equity investment balance and resulted in a $54 million pre-tax gain in 2016. As a result of the dividend distribution, the equity investment balance in Wilsonart was reduced to zero and subsequent equity investment income was suspended and no longer recognized.

On August 5, 2024, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with affiliates of CD&R for the sale of the Company’s noncontrolling equity interest in Wilsonart for $398 million. The transaction closed immediately after the execution of the purchase agreement. Proceeds from the transaction, net of transaction costs, were $395 million, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $363 million which was included in Other income (expense) in the Statement of Income. Income taxes on the gain were more than offset by a discrete tax benefit of $107 million in the third quarter of 2024 related to the utilization of capital loss carryforwards upon the sale of Wilsonart. Refer to Note 6. Income Taxes for further information. The sale of the Company’s equity interest in Wilsonart is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial results in subsequent quarters.

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Operating Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Operating Revenue

Operating Revenue

The Company's 84 diversified operating divisions are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. Operating revenue by product category, which is consistent with the Company's segment presentation, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023
Automotive OEM	$	772	$	799	$	2,403	$	2,421
Food Equipment	677		678		1,975		1,967
Test & Measurement and Electronics	697		698		2,071		2,101
Welding	462		468		1,404		1,451
Polymers & Fluids	448		458		1,334		1,364
Construction Products	479		522		1,471		1,574
Specialty Products	438		414		1,327		1,260
Total segments	3,973		4,037		11,985		12,138
Intersegment revenue	(7)		(6)		(19)		(14)
Total operating revenue	$	3,966	$	4,031	$	11,966	$	12,124

The following is a description of the product offerings, end markets and typical revenue transactions for each of the Company's seven segments:

Automotive OEM— This segment is a global, niche supplier to top tier OEMs, providing unique innovation to address pain points for sophisticated customers with complex problems. Businesses in this segment produce components and fasteners for automotive-related applications. This segment primarily serves the automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers market. Products in this segment include:

•plastic and metal components, fasteners and assemblies for automobiles, light trucks and other industrial uses.

Products sold in this segment are primarily manufactured to the customer's specifications and are sold under long-term supply agreements with OEM auto manufacturers and other top tier auto parts suppliers. The Company typically recognizes revenue for products in this segment at the time of shipment. Certain products may be produced utilizing tooling that is owned by the customer that the Company developed and is reimbursed by the customer for the associated cost. In these arrangements, the Company typically retains a contractual right to use the customer-owned tooling for the purpose of fulfilling its obligations under the supply agreement. The Company records reimbursements for the cost of customer-owned tooling as a cost offset rather than operating revenue as tooling is not considered a product offering central to the Company's operations.

Food Equipment— This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings. This segment primarily serves the food service, food retail and food institutional/restaurant markets. Products in this segment include:

•warewashing equipment;

•cooking equipment, including ovens, ranges and broilers;

•refrigeration equipment, including refrigerators, freezers and prep tables;

•food processing equipment, including slicers, mixers and scales;

•kitchen exhaust, ventilation and pollution control systems; and

•food equipment service, maintenance and repair.

Revenue for equipment sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, the Company may recognize revenue upon completion of installation and acceptance by the customer. Annual service contracts are typically sold separate from equipment and the related revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the annual service period. Operating revenue for on-demand service repairs and parts is recorded upon completion and customer acceptance of the work performed.

Test & Measurement and Electronics— This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and maintenance, repair, and operations, or "MRO" solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics. This segment primarily serves the electronics, general industrial, energy, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, industrial capital goods and consumer durables markets. Products in this segment include:

•equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials, structures, gases and fluids;

•electronic assembly equipment;

•electronic components and component packaging;

•static control equipment and consumables used for contamination control in clean room environments; and

•pressure sensitive adhesives and components for electronics, medical, transportation and telecommunications applications.

Revenue for products sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue recognition is deferred until such obligations have been completed. In other limited arrangements involving the sale of highly specialized systems that include a high degree of customization and installation at the customer site, revenue is recognized over time if the product does not have an alternative use and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for work performed to date. Revenue for transactions meeting these criteria is recognized over time as work is performed based on the costs incurred to date relative to the total estimated costs at completion.

Welding— This segment is a branded value-added equipment and specialty consumable manufacturer with innovative and leading technology. Businesses in this segment produce arc welding equipment, consumables and accessories for a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. This segment primarily serves the general industrial market, which includes fabrication, shipbuilding and other general industrial markets, and construction, energy, MRO, industrial capital goods and automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers markets. Products in this segment include:

•arc welding equipment; and

•metal arc welding consumables and related accessories.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Polymers & Fluids— This segment is a branded supplier to niche markets that require value-added, differentiated products. Businesses in this segment produce engineered adhesives, sealants, lubrication and cutting fluids, and fluids and polymers for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance. This segment primarily serves the automotive aftermarket, general industrial and MRO markets. Products in this segment include:

•adhesives for industrial, construction and consumer purposes;

•chemical fluids which clean or add lubrication to machines;

•epoxy and resin-based coating products for industrial applications;

•hand wipes and cleaners for industrial applications;

•fluids, polymers and other supplies for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance;

•fillers and putties for auto body repair; and

•polyester coatings and patch and repair products for the marine industry.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Construction Products— This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions. This segment primarily serves the residential construction, renovation/remodel and commercial construction markets. Products in this segment include:

•fasteners and related fastening tools for wood and metal applications;

•anchors, fasteners and related tools for concrete applications;

•metal plate truss components and related equipment and software; and

•packaged hardware, fasteners, anchors and other products for retail.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Specialty Products— This segment is focused on diversified niche market opportunities with substantial patent protection producing beverage packaging equipment and consumables, product coding and marking equipment and consumables, and appliance components and fasteners. This segment primarily serves the food and beverage, consumer durables, general industrial, industrial capital goods, airlines and printing and publishing markets. Products in this segment include:

•conveyor systems and line automation for the food and beverage industries;

•plastic consumables that multi-pack cans and bottles and related equipment;

•foil, film and related equipment used to decorate consumer products;

•product coding and marking equipment and related consumables;

•plastic and metal closures and components for appliances;

•airport ground support equipment; and

•components for medical devices.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue is recognized when such obligations have been completed.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was 14.9% and 23.8%, respectively, and 20.4% and 22.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 benefited from discrete income tax benefits in the third quarter of 2024 of $107 million related to the utilization of capital loss carryforwards upon the sale of Wilsonart and $87 million related to a reorganization of the Company's intellectual property, partially offset by a $73 million discrete tax expense related to the remeasurement of unrecognized tax benefits associated with various intercompany transactions. Refer to Note 4. Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC for more information regarding the Wilsonart transaction. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included a discrete income tax benefit of $20 million in the second quarter of 2023 related to amended 2021 U.S. taxes. The effective tax rates for 2024 and 2023 also included discrete income tax benefits related to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $1 million and $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $11 million and $19 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in the U.S. and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. These tax returns are routinely audited by the tax authorities in these jurisdictions, including the Internal Revenue Service, His Majesty's Revenue and Customs, German Fiscal Authority, French Fiscal Authority, and Australian Tax Office, and a number of these audits are currently ongoing, which may increase the amount of the unrecognized tax benefits in future periods. The Company believes it is reasonably possible that within the next twelve months the amount of the Company's unrecognized tax benefits may be decreased by approximately $15 million related predominantly to the potential resolution of income tax examinations. The Company has recorded its best estimate of the potential exposure for these issues.

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Net Income Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income Per Share

Net Income Per Share

Net income per basic share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Net income per diluted share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares assuming dilution for stock options and restricted stock units. Dilutive shares reflect the potential additional shares that would be outstanding if the dilutive stock options outstanding were exercised and the unvested restricted stock units vested during the period. The computation of net income per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions except per share amounts	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net Income	$	1,160	$	772	$	2,738	$	2,240
Net income per share—Basic:
Weighted-average common shares	296.1		301.9		297.6		303.4
Net income per share—Basic	$	3.92	$	2.55	$	9.20	$	7.38
Net income per share—Diluted:
Weighted-average common shares	296.1		301.9		297.6		303.4
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units	0.9		1.1		0.9		1.1
Weighted-average common shares assuming dilution	297.0		303.0		298.5		304.5
Net income per share—Diluted	$	3.91	$	2.55	$	9.17	$	7.36

Options that were considered antidilutive were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share. There were 0.2 million and 0.3 million antidilutive options outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 0.2 million and 0.3 million antidilutive options outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Raw material	$	698	$	742
Work-in-process	238		234
Finished goods	881		848
LIFO reserve	—		(117)
Total inventories	$	1,817	$	1,707

During the first quarter of 2024, the Company changed the method used to determine the cost of inventory at certain U.S. businesses from LIFO to the FIFO method, as the Company believes the FIFO method is preferable because it provides a more consistent method for valuing inventory across the Company’s operations, improves comparability with peers, and better reflects the current value of inventories at the balance sheet date. Refer to Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies for additional information regarding this change in accounting method.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company performed its annual impairment assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in the third quarters of 2024 and 2023. The assessments resulted in no impairment charges in either 2024 or 2023.

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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Pension and other postretirement benefit costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,								September 30,
	Pension				Other Postretirement Benefits				Pension				Other Postretirement Benefits
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	9	$	9	$	1	$	1	$	27	$	27	$	3	$	3
Interest cost	23		24		6		5		69		70		18		17
Expected return on plan assets	(34)		(33)		(5)		(5)		(100)		(97)		(16)		(16)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)	1		—		(1)		(1)		5		2		(2)		(3)
Amortization of prior service cost	1		1		—		—		1		1		—		—
Total net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	—	$	1	$	1	$	—	$	2	$	3	$	3	$	1

The service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is presented within Cost of revenue and Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses in the Statement of Income while the other components of net periodic benefit cost are presented within Other income (expense).

The Company expects to contribute approximately $60 million to its pension plans and $37 million to its other postretirement benefit plans in 2024. As of September 30, 2024, contributions of $38 million to pension plans and $28 million to other postretirement benefit plans have been made.

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

Total debt as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows:

In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Short-term debt	$	1,768	$	1,825
Long-term debt	6,578		6,339
Total debt	$	8,346	$	8,164

Short-term debt included commercial paper of $265 million and $464 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate on commercial paper as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was 4.85% and 5.40%, respectively. Short-term debt also included $668 million as of September 30, 2024 and $661 million as of December 31, 2023 related to the 0.25% Euro notes due December 5, 2024, which were reclassified from Long-term debt to Short-term debt in the fourth quarter of 2023. Short-term debt as of September 30, 2024 also included $835 million related to the Euro-denominated credit agreement (the "Euro Credit Agreement") entered into on May 5, 2023, which was reclassified to Short-term debt in the second quarter of 2024 since the debt, including the options to extend the termination date, is due in April 2025. Additionally, Short-term debt as of December 31, 2023 included $700 million related to the 3.50% notes due March 1, 2024, which were repaid on the due date.

On May 5, 2023, the Company entered into a €1.3 billion Euro Credit Agreement with an initial termination date of May 3, 2024; provided, however, that the Company may extend the termination date by six months on up to two occasions. On May 12, 2023, the Company borrowed €1.3 billion of Euro term loans under the Euro Credit Agreement. Proceeds from the borrowing were used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of outstanding debt. Any loan under the Euro Credit Agreement may not be re-borrowed once repaid, in full or in part, and will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the applicable EURIBOR (adjusted for any statutory reserves) plus 0.75% for the interest period selected by the Company of one, three or six months. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had €1.3 billion outstanding under the Euro Credit Agreement, which was included in Long-term debt as the Company intended to exercise its options to extend the termination date. The first and second options to extend the termination date were both exercised in 2024. On May 22, 2024, the Company repaid €550 million of the term loans under the Euro Credit Agreement using a portion of the proceeds from the Euro notes issued on May 17, 2024, as discussed below. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had €750 million remaining outstanding under the Euro Credit Agreement with an interest rate of 4.13%.

On May 17, 2024, the Company issued €650 million of 3.25% Euro notes due May 17, 2028 at 99.525% of face value and €850 million of 3.375% Euro notes due May 17, 2032 at 99.072% of face value. Proceeds from the issuance were used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of a portion of the indebtedness under the commercial paper program and the Euro Credit Agreement.

The Company designated the outstanding balance of the term loan under the Euro Credit Agreement in May 2023 and the €1.5 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2024 as hedges of a portion of its net investment in Euro-denominated foreign operations to reduce foreign currency risk associated with the investment in these operations. Refer to Note 12. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for additional information regarding the net investment hedge.

The Company also has a $3.0 billion revolving credit facility with a termination date of October 21, 2027, which is available to provide additional liquidity, including to support the potential issuances of commercial paper. No amounts were outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

The approximate fair value and related carrying value of the Company's total long-term debt, including current maturities of long-term debt presented as short-term debt, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Fair value	$	7,917	$	7,457
Carrying value	8,081		7,700

The approximate fair values of the Company's long-term debt, including current maturities, were based on a valuation model using Level 2 observable inputs which included market rates for comparable instruments for the respective periods.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	(1,925)	$	(1,820)	$	(1,834)	$	(1,841)
Foreign currency translation adjustments during the period	(6)		(51)		(66)		(44)
Foreign currency translation adjustments reclassified to income	30		—		30		—
Income taxes	49		(31)		16		(17)
Total foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	73		(82)		(20)		(61)
Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income	3		—		6		—
Income taxes	—		—		(1)		—
Total pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	3		—		5		—
Ending balance	$	(1,849)	$	(1,902)	$	(1,849)	$	(1,902)

Foreign currency translation adjustments reclassified to income related primarily to the sale of the noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart in the third quarter of 2024. Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income related primarily to the amortization of actuarial gains and losses and the sale of the noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart. Refer to Note 4. Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC and Note 10. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits for additional information.

The Company designated the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2014, the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2015, the €1.6 billion of Euro notes issued in June 2019, the €1.3 billion term loan under the Euro Credit Agreement in May 2023 and the €1.5 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2024 as hedges of a portion of its net investment in Euro-denominated foreign operations to reduce foreign currency risk associated with the investment in these operations. Changes in the value of this debt resulting from fluctuations in the Euro to U.S. Dollar exchange rate have been recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). On February 22, 2022, €500 million of the Euro notes issued in May 2014 were redeemed in full and on May 22, 2023, €500 million of the Euro notes issued in May 2015 were repaid on the due date. On May 22, 2024, the Company repaid €550 million of the term loans under the Euro Credit Agreement. The carrying values of the outstanding 2024, 2019, 2015 and 2014 Euro notes and 2023 Euro term loan as of September 30, 2024 were $1.7 billion, $1.8 billion, $554 million, $548 million, and $835 million, respectively. The amount of pre-tax gain (loss) related to this debt recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) was a loss of $204 million and a gain of $131 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and a loss of $65 million and a gain of $73 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the ending balance of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of after-tax cumulative translation adjustment losses of $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, and after-tax unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit costs of $322 million and $293 million, respectively.

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Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

The Company's operations are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. Refer to Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for information regarding operating revenue and operating income for the Company's segments.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and include material, labor and factory overhead. As of December 31, 2023, the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method was used to determine the cost of inventories at certain U.S. businesses representing approximately 23% of total inventories, and the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method, which approximates current cost, was used for all other inventories. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company changed the method used to determine the cost of inventory at certain U.S. businesses from LIFO to the FIFO method, as the Company believes the FIFO method is preferable because it provides a more consistent method for valuing inventory across the Company’s operations, improves comparability with peers, and better reflects the current value of inventories at the balance sheet date.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued authoritative guidance which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments. The more significant provisions include the requirement to disclose significant segment expenses and certain disclosures made annually under existing guidance will be required for interim periods. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning with its annual reporting for the year ending December 31, 2024 and is required to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on its disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that expands the disclosure requirements for income taxes. The new guidance will require consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information presented in the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as disaggregation of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning with its annual reporting for the year ending December 31, 2025 and is required to be applied prospectively, with retrospective application to prior periods allowed. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on its disclosures.

Revenue

Automotive OEM— This segment is a global, niche supplier to top tier OEMs, providing unique innovation to address pain points for sophisticated customers with complex problems. Businesses in this segment produce components and fasteners for automotive-related applications. This segment primarily serves the automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers market. Products in this segment include:

•plastic and metal components, fasteners and assemblies for automobiles, light trucks and other industrial uses.

Products sold in this segment are primarily manufactured to the customer's specifications and are sold under long-term supply agreements with OEM auto manufacturers and other top tier auto parts suppliers. The Company typically recognizes revenue for products in this segment at the time of shipment. Certain products may be produced utilizing tooling that is owned by the customer that the Company developed and is reimbursed by the customer for the associated cost. In these arrangements, the Company typically retains a contractual right to use the customer-owned tooling for the purpose of fulfilling its obligations under the supply agreement. The Company records reimbursements for the cost of customer-owned tooling as a cost offset rather than operating revenue as tooling is not considered a product offering central to the Company's operations.

Food Equipment— This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings. This segment primarily serves the food service, food retail and food institutional/restaurant markets. Products in this segment include:

•warewashing equipment;

•cooking equipment, including ovens, ranges and broilers;

•refrigeration equipment, including refrigerators, freezers and prep tables;

•food processing equipment, including slicers, mixers and scales;

•kitchen exhaust, ventilation and pollution control systems; and

•food equipment service, maintenance and repair.

Revenue for equipment sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, the Company may recognize revenue upon completion of installation and acceptance by the customer. Annual service contracts are typically sold separate from equipment and the related revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the annual service period. Operating revenue for on-demand service repairs and parts is recorded upon completion and customer acceptance of the work performed.

Test & Measurement and Electronics— This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and maintenance, repair, and operations, or "MRO" solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics. This segment primarily serves the electronics, general industrial, energy, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, industrial capital goods and consumer durables markets. Products in this segment include:

•equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials, structures, gases and fluids;

•electronic assembly equipment;

•electronic components and component packaging;

•static control equipment and consumables used for contamination control in clean room environments; and

•pressure sensitive adhesives and components for electronics, medical, transportation and telecommunications applications.

Revenue for products sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue recognition is deferred until such obligations have been completed. In other limited arrangements involving the sale of highly specialized systems that include a high degree of customization and installation at the customer site, revenue is recognized over time if the product does not have an alternative use and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for work performed to date. Revenue for transactions meeting these criteria is recognized over time as work is performed based on the costs incurred to date relative to the total estimated costs at completion.

Welding— This segment is a branded value-added equipment and specialty consumable manufacturer with innovative and leading technology. Businesses in this segment produce arc welding equipment, consumables and accessories for a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. This segment primarily serves the general industrial market, which includes fabrication, shipbuilding and other general industrial markets, and construction, energy, MRO, industrial capital goods and automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers markets. Products in this segment include:

•arc welding equipment; and

•metal arc welding consumables and related accessories.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Polymers & Fluids— This segment is a branded supplier to niche markets that require value-added, differentiated products. Businesses in this segment produce engineered adhesives, sealants, lubrication and cutting fluids, and fluids and polymers for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance. This segment primarily serves the automotive aftermarket, general industrial and MRO markets. Products in this segment include:

•adhesives for industrial, construction and consumer purposes;

•chemical fluids which clean or add lubrication to machines;

•epoxy and resin-based coating products for industrial applications;

•hand wipes and cleaners for industrial applications;

•fluids, polymers and other supplies for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance;

•fillers and putties for auto body repair; and

•polyester coatings and patch and repair products for the marine industry.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Construction Products— This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions. This segment primarily serves the residential construction, renovation/remodel and commercial construction markets. Products in this segment include:

•fasteners and related fastening tools for wood and metal applications;

•anchors, fasteners and related tools for concrete applications;

•metal plate truss components and related equipment and software; and

•packaged hardware, fasteners, anchors and other products for retail.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Specialty Products— This segment is focused on diversified niche market opportunities with substantial patent protection producing beverage packaging equipment and consumables, product coding and marking equipment and consumables, and appliance components and fasteners. This segment primarily serves the food and beverage, consumer durables, general industrial, industrial capital goods, airlines and printing and publishing markets. Products in this segment include:

•conveyor systems and line automation for the food and beverage industries;

•plastic consumables that multi-pack cans and bottles and related equipment;

•foil, film and related equipment used to decorate consumer products;

•product coding and marking equipment and related consumables;

•plastic and metal closures and components for appliances;

•airport ground support equipment; and

•components for medical devices.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue is recognized when such obligations have been completed.

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Operating Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

Operating revenue by product category, which is consistent with the Company's segment presentation, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023
Automotive OEM	$	772	$	799	$	2,403	$	2,421
Food Equipment	677		678		1,975		1,967
Test & Measurement and Electronics	697		698		2,071		2,101
Welding	462		468		1,404		1,451
Polymers & Fluids	448		458		1,334		1,364
Construction Products	479		522		1,471		1,574
Specialty Products	438		414		1,327		1,260
Total segments	3,973		4,037		11,985		12,138
Intersegment revenue	(7)		(6)		(19)		(14)
Total operating revenue	$	3,966	$	4,031	$	11,966	$	12,124

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Net Income Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Income per Share, Basic and Diluted

The computation of net income per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions except per share amounts	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net Income	$	1,160	$	772	$	2,738	$	2,240
Net income per share—Basic:
Weighted-average common shares	296.1		301.9		297.6		303.4
Net income per share—Basic	$	3.92	$	2.55	$	9.20	$	7.38
Net income per share—Diluted:
Weighted-average common shares	296.1		301.9		297.6		303.4
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units	0.9		1.1		0.9		1.1
Weighted-average common shares assuming dilution	297.0		303.0		298.5		304.5
Net income per share—Diluted	$	3.91	$	2.55	$	9.17	$	7.36

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Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventories

Inventories as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Raw material	$	698	$	742
Work-in-process	238		234
Finished goods	881		848
LIFO reserve	—		(117)
Total inventories	$	1,817	$	1,707

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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Costs

Pension and other postretirement benefit costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,								September 30,
	Pension				Other Postretirement Benefits				Pension				Other Postretirement Benefits
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	9	$	9	$	1	$	1	$	27	$	27	$	3	$	3
Interest cost	23		24		6		5		69		70		18		17
Expected return on plan assets	(34)		(33)		(5)		(5)		(100)		(97)		(16)		(16)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)	1		—		(1)		(1)		5		2		(2)		(3)
Amortization of prior service cost	1		1		—		—		1		1		—		—
Total net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	—	$	1	$	1	$	—	$	2	$	3	$	3	$	1

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

Total debt as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows:

In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Short-term debt	$	1,768	$	1,825
Long-term debt	6,578		6,339
Total debt	$	8,346	$	8,164

The approximate fair value and related carrying value of the Company's total long-term debt, including current maturities of long-term debt presented as short-term debt, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

In millions	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Fair value	$	7,917	$	7,457
Carrying value	8,081		7,700

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
In millions	2024		2023		2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	(1,925)	$	(1,820)	$	(1,834)	$	(1,841)
Foreign currency translation adjustments during the period	(6)		(51)		(66)		(44)
Foreign currency translation adjustments reclassified to income	30		—		30		—
Income taxes	49		(31)		16		(17)
Total foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	73		(82)		(20)		(61)
Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income	3		—		6		—
Income taxes	—		—		(1)		—
Total pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	3		—		5		—
Ending balance	$	(1,849)	$	(1,902)	$	(1,849)	$	(1,902)

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Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Percentage of LIFO inventory						23.00%
LIFO provision expense (income)							$ (7)
Cost of goods and services sold	$ (2,230)		$ (2,319)	$ (6,637)	$ (7,004)
Inventory Valuation and Obsolescence
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
LIFO provision expense (income)						$ 6
Cost of goods and services sold		$ 117

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Acquisitions (Details) $ in Millions			9 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2024 USD ($) business	Jan. 02, 2024 USD ($) business	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]
Number of businesses acquired | business	1	1
Payments to acquire businesses, net of cash acquired | $	$ 59	$ 57	$ 115	$ 0

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Divestitures (Details) - 2022 Divestitures Plan - Specialty Products	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 business	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Disposal Group, Held-for-Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Number of businesses to be divested | business		1
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Operating revenue | $	$ 0		$ 9,000,000

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Sale of Noncontrolling Interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 05, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2012
Pre-tax gain from dividends in excess of equity investment					$ 54,000,000
Proceeds from sale of noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC			$ 395,000,000	$ 0
Gain on sale of minority interest in Wilsonart LLC			363,000,000	$ 0
Clayton, Dublier & Rice, LLC (CD&R) | Wilsonart International Holdings L L C
Ownership percentage						51.00%
Wilsonart International Holdings L L C
Ownership percentage						49.00%
Cash dividend distribution					167,000,000
Equity method investment					$ 0
Wilsonart International Holdings L L C | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale
Proceeds from sale of noncontrolling interest in Wilsonart International Holdings LLC	$ 395,000,000
Gain on sale of minority interest in Wilsonart LLC	363,000,000
Discrete tax benefit, asset sale		$ 107,000,000	$ 107,000,000
Proceeds From Sale Of Equity Method Investments, Gross	$ 398,000,000
Decorative Surfaces
Percentage of segment divested						51.00%

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Operating Revenue - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 segment division
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Number of company divisions | division	84
Number of reportable segments | segment	7

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Operating Revenue - Segment Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating Revenue	$ 3,966	$ 4,031	$ 11,966	$ 12,124
Operating segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating Revenue	3,973	4,037	11,985	12,138
Operating segments | Automotive OEM
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating Revenue	772	799	2,403	2,421
Operating segments | Food Equipment
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating Revenue	677	678	1,975	1,967
Operating segments | Test & Measurement and Electronics
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating Revenue	697	698	2,071	2,101
Operating segments | Welding
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating Revenue	462	468	1,404	1,451
Operating segments | Polymers & Fluids
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating Revenue	448	458	1,334	1,364
Operating segments | Construction Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating Revenue	479	522	1,471	1,574
Operating segments | Specialty Products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating Revenue	438	414	1,327	1,260
Intersegment revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating Revenue	$ (7)	$ (6)	$ (19)	$ (14)

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Effective income tax rate reconciliation, percent	14.90%	23.80%	20.40%	22.70%
Intangibles reorganization	$ 87		$ 87
Discrete tax expense, intercompany transaction	73		73
Discrete income tax benefit				$ 20
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation	(1)	$ (2)	(11)	$ (19)
Potential decrease in unrecognized tax benefits	15		15
Wilsonart International Holdings L L C | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Discrete tax benefit, asset sale	$ 107		$ 107

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Net Income Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income	$ 1,160	$ 772	$ 2,738	$ 2,240
Net income per share—Basic:
Weighted-average common shares (in shares)	296.1	301.9	297.6	303.4
Net income per share - Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 3.92	$ 2.55	$ 9.20	$ 7.38
Net income per share—Diluted:
Weighted-average common shares (in shares)	296.1	301.9	297.6	303.4
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units (in shares)	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.1
Weighted-average common shares assuming dilution (in shares)	297.0	303.0	298.5	304.5
Net income per share - Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 3.91	$ 2.55	$ 9.17	$ 7.36
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw material	$ 698	$ 742
Work-in-process	238	234
Finished goods	881	848
LIFO reserve	0	(117)
Total inventories	$ 1,817	$ 1,707

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment	$ 0	$ 0

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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Periodic Benefit Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pension
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$ 9	$ 9	$ 27	$ 27
Interest cost	23	24	69	70
Expected return on plan assets	(34)	(33)	(100)	(97)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)	1	0	5	2
Amortization of prior service cost	1	1	1	1
Total net periodic benefit cost (income)	0	1	2	3
Other Postretirement Benefits
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	1	1	3	3
Interest cost	6	5	18	17
Expected return on plan assets	(5)	(5)	(16)	(16)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)	(1)	(1)	(2)	(3)
Amortization of prior service cost	0	0	0	0
Total net periodic benefit cost (income)	$ 1	$ 0	$ 3	$ 1

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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Pension
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Expected current year company contributions	$ 60
Contributions	38
Other Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Expected current year company contributions	37
Contributions	$ 28

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Debt - Schedule of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Short-term debt	$ 1,768	$ 1,825
Long-term debt	6,578	6,339
Total debt	$ 8,346	$ 8,164

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Debt - Narrative (Details)	May 22, 2024 EUR (€)	May 12, 2023 EUR (€)	May 05, 2023 EUR (€) extension	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 EUR (€)	May 17, 2024 EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 EUR (€)	May 31, 2023 EUR (€)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commercial paper | $				$ 265,000,000			$ 464,000,000
Net Investment Hedging | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face value of notes						€ 1,500,000,000
0.25% Euro Notes Due December 5, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term debt | $				$ 668,000,000			$ 661,000,000
Stated interest rate				0.25%	0.25%		0.25%	0.25%
Euro Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term debt | $				$ 835,000,000
Euro Credit Agreement | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face value of notes			€ 1,300,000,000
Extension option, term			6 months
Extension option, number of extensions | extension			2
Proceeds from lines of credit		€ 1,300,000,000
Debt instrument, variable interest rate, type [Extensible Enumeration]			EURIBOR rate [Member]
Basis spread on variable rate			0.75%
Long-term line of credit								€ 1,300,000,000
Repayments of lines of credit	€ 550,000,000
Line of credit outstanding recorded as short term debt					€ 750,000,000
Effective interest rate				4.13%	4.13%
Euro Credit Agreement | Line of Credit | Net Investment Hedging
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face value of notes									€ 1,300,000,000
3.50% Euro Notes Due March 1, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term debt | $							$ 700,000,000
Stated interest rate							3.50%	3.50%
3.25% Euro Notes Due May 17, 2028 | Net Investment Hedging | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate						3.25%
Face value of notes						€ 650,000,000
Notes issued, percentage of face value						99.525%
3.375% Euro Notes Due May 17, 2032 | Net Investment Hedging | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate						3.375%
Face value of notes						€ 850,000,000
Notes issued, percentage of face value						99.072%
Note Due October 21, 2027 | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term line of credit | $				$ 0			$ 0
Maximum borrowing capacity | $				$ 3,000,000,000.0
Commercial Paper
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate				4.85%	4.85%		5.40%	5.40%

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Debt - Fair Value and Related Carrying Values (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair value	$ 7,917	$ 7,457
Carrying value	$ 8,081	$ 7,700

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Summary of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 2,962	$ 3,094	$ 3,013	$ 3,089
Other comprehensive income (loss)	76	(82)	(15)	(61)
Ending balance	3,392	3,004	3,392	3,004
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(1,925)	(1,820)	(1,834)	(1,841)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	76	(82)	(15)	(61)
Ending balance	(1,849)	(1,902)	(1,849)	(1,902)
Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Attributable to Parent
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Foreign currency translation adjustments during the period	(6)	(51)	(66)	(44)
Adjustments reclassified to income	30	0	30	0
Income taxes	49	(31)	16	(17)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	73	(82)	(20)	(61)
Accumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment Attributable to Parent
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Adjustments reclassified to income	3	0	6	0
Income taxes	0	0	(1)	0
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$ 3	$ 0	$ 5	$ 0

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions				3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	May 22, 2024 EUR (€)	May 22, 2023 EUR (€)	Feb. 22, 2022 EUR (€)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	May 31, 2024 EUR (€)	May 31, 2023 EUR (€)	May 05, 2023 EUR (€)	Jun. 30, 2019 EUR (€)	May 31, 2015 EUR (€)	May 31, 2014 EUR (€)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Cumulative translation adjustment losses, net of tax | $				$ 1,500	$ 1,600	$ 1,500	$ 1,600
Unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefits costs, net of tax | $				322	293	322	293
Net Investment Hedging | Euro Notes
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive (loss) gain, foreign currency transaction and translation adjustment, before tax | $				(204)	$ 131	(65)	$ 73
Euro Notes Issued May 2014 | Net Investment Hedging | Euro Notes
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Face value of notes													€ 1,000,000,000.0
Debt repayment			€ 500,000,000
Long-term debt | $				548		548
Euro Notes Issued May 2015 | Net Investment Hedging | Euro Notes
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Face value of notes												€ 1,000,000,000.0
Debt repayment		€ 500,000,000
Long-term debt | $				554		554
Euro Notes Issued June 2019 | Net Investment Hedging | Euro Notes
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Face value of notes											€ 1,600,000,000
Long-term debt | $				1,800		1,800
Euro Credit Agreement | Line of Credit
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Face value of notes										€ 1,300,000,000
Repayments of lines of credit	€ 550,000,000
Euro Credit Agreement | Net Investment Hedging | Line of Credit
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Face value of notes									€ 1,300,000,000
Long-term debt | $				835		835
Euro Notes Issued May 2024 | Net Investment Hedging | Euro Notes
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Face value of notes								€ 1,500,000,000
Long-term debt | $				$ 1,700		$ 1,700

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Segment Information (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	7