Card Member loans are recorded at the time a Card Member enters into a point-of-sale transaction with a merchant and represent revolving amounts due on lending card products, as well as amounts due from charge Card Members who utilize the Pay Over Time features on their account and revolve a portion of the outstanding balance by entering into a revolving payment arrangement with us. These loans have a range of terms such as credit limits, interest rates, fees and payment structures, which can be revised over time based on new information about Card Members, and in accordance with applicable regulations and the respective product’s terms and conditions. Card Members holding revolving loans are typically required to make monthly payments based on pre-established amounts and the amounts that Card Members choose to revolve are subject to finance charges.

Card Member loans are presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets net of reserves for losses (refer to Note 3), and include principal and any related accrued interest and fees. Our policy generally is to cease accruing interest on a Card Member loan at the time the account is written off, and establish reserves for interest that we believe will not be collected.

Other loans are recorded at the time any extension of credit is provided to consumer and commercial customers for non-card financing products. These loans have a range of fixed terms such as interest rates, fees and repayment periods. Borrowers are typically required to make pre-established monthly payments over the term of the loan. Non-card financing products are not associated with a Card Member agreement, and instead are governed by a separate borrowing relationship. Other loans are presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets net of reserves for losses, and include principal and any related accrued interest and fees.


(Millions)	2019		2018
Global Consumer Services Group^(a)	$	73,266	$	69,458
Global Commercial Services	14,115		12,396
Card Member loans	87,381		81,854
Less: Reserve for losses	2,383		2,134
Card Member loans, net	$	84,998	$	79,720
Other loans, net^(b)	$	4,626	$	3,676

(b)Other loans primarily represent consumer and commercial non-card financing products. Other loans are presented net of reserves for losses of $152 million and $124 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Card Member receivables are also recorded at the time a Card Member enters into a point-of-sale transaction with a merchant and represent amounts due on charge card products. Each charge card transaction is authorized based on its likely economics, a Card Member’s most recent credit information and spend patterns.

Charge Card Members generally must pay the full amount billed each month. Card Member receivable balances are presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets net of reserves for losses (refer to Note 3), and include principal and any related accrued fees.


(Millions)	2019		2018
Global Consumer Services Group ^(a)	$	22,844	$	21,455
Global Commercial Services	34,569		34,438
Card Member receivables	57,413		55,893
Less: Reserve for losses	619		573
Card Member receivables, net	$	56,794	$	55,320

Generally, a Card Member account is considered past due if payment is not received within 30 days after the billing statement date. The following table presents the aging of Card Member loans and receivables as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:


2019 (millions)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Total
Card Member Loans:
Global Consumer Services Group	$	72,101	$	322	$	253	$	590	$	73,266
Global Commercial Services
Global Small Business Services	13,898		56		40		85		14,079
Global Corporate Payments^(a)	(b)		(b)		(b)		—		36
Card Member Receivables:
Global Consumer Services Group	22,560		86		58		140		22,844
Global Commercial Services
Global Small Business Services	$	17,113	$	99	$	58	$	134	$	17,404
Global Corporate Payments^(a)	(b)		(b)		(b)		$	136	$	17,165


2018 (millions)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Total
Card Member Loans:
Global Consumer Services Group	$	68,442	$	290	$	220	$	506	$	69,458
Global Commercial Services
Global Small Business Services	12,195		51		32		73		12,351
Global Corporate Payments^(a)	(b)		(b)		(b)		—		45
Card Member Receivables:
Global Consumer Services Group	21,207		80		50		118		21,455
Global Commercial Services
Global Small Business Services	$	16,460	$	101	$	53	$	114	$	16,728
Global Corporate Payments^(a)	(b)		(b)		(b)		$	129	$	17,710

(a)Delinquency data is tracked based on days past billing status rather than days past due. A Card Member account is considered 90 days past billing if payment has not been received within 90 days of the Card Member’s billing statement date. In addition, if we initiate collection procedures on an account prior to the account becoming 90 days past billing, the associated Card Member loan or receivable balance is classified as 90 days past billing. These amounts are shown above as 90+ Days Past Due for presentation purposes. See also (b).

(b)Delinquency data for periods other than 90+ days past billing is not available due to system constraints. Therefore, such data has not been utilized for risk management purposes. The balances that are current to 89 days past due can be derived as the difference between the Total and the 90+ Days Past Due balances.


	2019										2018
	Net Write-Off Rate								Net Write-Off Rate
	Principal Only^(a)		Principal, Interest, & Fees^(a)		30+ Days Past Due as a % of Total		Principal Only^(a)		Principal, Interest, & Fees^(a)		30+ Days Past Due as a % of Total
Card Member Loans:
Global Consumer Services Group	2.3	%	2.8	%	1.6	%	2.1	%	2.5	%	1.5	%
Global Small Business Services	1.9	%	2.2	%	1.3	%	1.7	%	2.0	%	1.3	%
Card Member Receivables:
Global Consumer Services Group	1.7	%	1.9	%	1.2	%	1.6	%	1.8	%	1.2	%
Global Small Business Services	1.9	%	2.1	%	1.7	%	1.7	%	2.0	%	1.6	%


	2019						2018
	Net Loss Ratio as a % of Charge Volume		90+ Days Past Billing as a % of Receivables		Net Loss Ratio as a % of Charge Volume		90+ Days Past Billing as a % of Receivables
Card Member Receivables:
Global Corporate Payments	0.08	%	0.8	%	0.11	%	0.7	%

(a)We present a net write-off rate based on principal losses only (i.e., excluding interest and/or fees) to be consistent with industry convention. In addition, because we consider uncollectible interest and/or fees in estimating our reserves for credit losses, a net write-off rate including principal, interest and/or fees is also presented.

Impaired Card Member loans and receivables are individual larger balance or homogeneous pools of smaller balance loans and receivables for which it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the Card Member agreement. We consider impaired loans and receivables to include: (i) loans over 90 days past due still accruing interest, (ii) nonaccrual loans and (iii) loans and receivables modified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs).

In instances where the Card Member is experiencing financial difficulty, we may modify, through various programs, Card Member loans and receivables in order to minimize losses and improve collectability, while providing Card Members with temporary or permanent financial relief. We have classified Card Member loans and receivables in these modification programs as TDRs and continue to classify Card Member accounts that have exited a modification program as a TDR, with such accounts identified as “Out of Program TDRs.”

Such modifications to the loans and receivables primarily include (i) temporary interest rate reductions (possibly as low as zero percent, in which case the loan is characterized as non-accrual in our TDR disclosures), (ii) placing the Card Member on a fixed payment plan not to exceed 60 months and (iii) suspending delinquency fees until the Card Member exits the modification program. Upon entering the modification program, the Card Member’s ability to make future purchases is either canceled, or in certain cases suspended until the Card Member successfully exits the modification program. In accordance with the modification agreement with the Card Member, loans may revert back to the original contractual terms (including the contractual interest rate) when the Card Member exits the modification program, which is (i) when all payments have been made in accordance with the modification agreement or, (ii) when the Card Member defaults out of the modification program. We establish a reserve for Card Member interest charges and fees considered to be uncollectible.

Reserves for Card Member loans and receivables modified as TDRs are determined as the difference between the cash flows expected to be received from the Card Member (taking into consideration the probability of subsequent defaults), discounted at the original effective interest rates, and the carrying value of the related Card Member loan or receivables balance. We determine the original effective interest rate as the interest rate in effect prior to the imposition of any penalty interest rate. All changes in the impairment measurement are included in Provisions for losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following tables provide additional information with respect to our impaired Card Member loans and receivables as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Impaired Card Member loans and receivables outside the U.S. are not significant as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017; therefore, such loans and receivables are not included in the following tables unless otherwise noted.


	As of December 31, 2019
					Accounts Classified as a TDR ^(c)
(Millions)	Over 90 days Past Due & Accruing Interest^(a)		Non-Accruals^(b)		In Program^(d)		Out of Program^(e)		Total Impaired Balance		Unpaid Principal Balance		Allowance for TDRs
Card Member Loans:
Global Consumer Services Group^(f)	$	384	$	284	$	500	$	175	$	1,343	$	1,199	$	137
Global Commercial Services	44		54		97		38		233		220		22
Card Member Receivables:
Global Consumer Services Group	—		—		56		16		72		72		3
Global Commercial Services	—		—		109		30		139		138		6
Total	$	428	$	338	$	762	$	259	$	1,787	$	1,629	$	168


	As of December 31, 2018
					Accounts Classified as a TDR ^(c)
(Millions)	Over 90 days Past Due & Accruing Interest^(a)		Non-Accruals^(b)		In Program^(d)		Out of Program^(e)		Total Impaired Balance		Unpaid Principal Balance		Allowance for TDRs
Card Member Loans:
Global Consumer Services Group^(f)	$	344	$	236	$	313	$	131	$	1,024	$	923	$	80
Global Commercial Services	43		43		59		29		174		161		14
Card Member Receivables:
Global Consumer Services Group	—		—		29		13		42		42		2
Global Commercial Services	—		—		61		25		86		86		5
Total	$	387	$	279	$	462	$	198	$	1,326	$	1,212	$	101


	As of December 31, 2017
					Accounts Classified as a TDR ^(c)
(Millions)	Over 90 days Past Due & Accruing Interest^(a)		Non-Accruals^(b)		In Program^(d)		Out of Program^(e)		Total Impaired Balance		Unpaid Principal Balance		Allowance for TDRs
Card Member Loans:
Global Consumer Services Group^(f)	$	289	$	168	$	178	$	131	$	766	$	694	$	49
Global Commercial Services	38		31		31		27		127		118		8
Card Member Receivables:
Global Consumer Services Group	—		—		15		9		24		24		1
Global Commercial Services	—		—		37		19		56		56		2
Total	$	327	$	199	$	261	$	186	$	973	$	892	$	60

(a)Our policy is generally to accrue interest through the date of write-off (typically 180 days past due). We establish reserves for interest that we believe will not be collected. Amounts presented exclude Card Member loans classified as a TDR.

(b)Non-accrual loans not in modification programs primarily include certain Card Member loans placed with outside collection agencies for which we have ceased accruing interest. Amounts presented exclude Card Member loans classified as a TDR.

(c)Accounts classified as a TDR include $26 million, $17 million and $15 million that are over 90 days past due and accruing interest and $10 million, $6 million and $5 million that are non-accruals as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(e)Out of Program TDRs include $188 million, $148 million and $141 million of Card Member accounts that have successfully completed a modification program and $72 million, $50 million and $45 million of Card Member accounts that were not in compliance with the terms of the modification programs as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(f)GCSG includes balances outside the U.S. of $93 million, $69 million and $56 million that are over 90 days and accruing interest and $77 million, $68 million and $55 million in unpaid principal as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The following table provides information with respect to our average balances and interest income recognized from impaired Card Member loans and the average balances of impaired Card Member receivables for the years ended December 31:


2019 (Millions)	Average Balance		Interest Income Recognized
Card Member Loans:
Global Consumer Services Group	$	1,159	$	136
Global Commercial Services	203		25
Card Member Receivables:
Global Consumer Services Group	56		—
Global Commercial Services	112		—
Total	$	1,530	$	161


2018 (Millions)	Average Balance		Interest Income Recognized
Card Member Loans:
Global Consumer Services Group	$	878	$	109
Global Commercial Services	150		21
Card Member Receivables:
Global Consumer Services Group	33		—
Global Commercial Services	73		—
Total	$	1,134	$	130


2017 (Millions)	Average Balance		Interest Income Recognized
Card Member Loans:
Global Consumer Services Group	$	699	$	85
Global Commercial Services	120		17
Card Member Receivables:
Global Consumer Services Group	20		—
Global Commercial Services	45		—
Total	$	884	$	102


2019	Number of Accounts (in thousands)	Outstanding Balances ($ in millions) ^(a)		Average Interest Rate Reduction (% points)	Average Payment Term Extensions (# of months)
Troubled Debt Restructurings:
Card Member Loans	78	$	602	13	(b)
Card Member Receivables	9	210		(c)	26
Total	87	$	812


2018	Number of Accounts (in thousands)	Outstanding Balances ($ in millions) ^(a)		Average Interest Rate Reduction (% points)	Average Payment Term Extensions (# of months)
Troubled Debt Restructurings:
Card Member Loans	51	$	377	12	(b)
Card Member Receivables	6	110		(c)	28
Total	57	$	487


2017	Number of Accounts (in thousands)	Outstanding Balances ($ in millions) ^(a)		Average Interest Rate Reduction (% points)	Average Payment Term Extensions (# of months)
Troubled Debt Restructurings:
Card Member Loans	33	$	224	10	(b)
Card Member Receivables	6	83		(c)	28
Total	39	$	307

(a)Represents the outstanding balance immediately prior to modification. The outstanding balance includes principal, fees and accrued interest on Card Member loans and principal and fees on Card Member receivables. Modifications did not reduce the principal balance.

The following table provides information with respect to Card Member loans and receivables modified as TDRs that subsequently defaulted within 12 months of modification for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. A Card Member is considered in default of a modification program after one and up to two missed payments, depending on the terms of the modification program. For all Card Members that defaulted from a modification program, the probability of default is factored into the reserves for Card Member loans and receivables.


2019	Number of Accounts (thousands)	Aggregated Outstanding Balances Upon Default^(a) (millions)
Troubled Debt Restructurings That Subsequently Defaulted:
Card Member Loans	12	$	86
Card Member Receivables	4	20
Total	16	$	106


	Number of Accounts	Aggregated Outstanding Balances Upon Default^(a)
2018	(thousands)	(millions)
Troubled Debt Restructurings That Subsequently Defaulted:
Card Member Loans	8	$	46
Card Member Receivables	4	11
Total	12	$	57


	Number of Accounts	Aggregated Outstanding Balances Upon Default^(a)
2017	(thousands)	(millions)
Troubled Debt Restructurings That Subsequently Defaulted:
Card Member Loans	6	$	39
Card Member Receivables	3	7
Total	9	$	46