SEGMENT INFORMATION

We manage our business with four reportable segments: Retail, Group and Specialty, Healthcare Services and Individual Commercial. In addition, the Other Businesses category includes businesses that are not individually reportable because they do not meet the quantitative thresholds required by generally accepted accounting principles. These segments are based on a combination of the type of health plan customer and adjacent businesses centered on well-being solutions for our health plans and other customers, as described below. These segment groupings are consistent with information used by our Chief Executive Officer to assess performance and allocate resources.

The Retail segment consists of Medicare benefits, marketed to individuals or directly via group accounts. In addition, the Retail segment also includes our contract with CMS to administer the Limited Income Newly Eligible Transition, or LI-NET, prescription drug plan program and contracts with various states to provide Medicaid, dual eligible, and Long-Term Support Services benefits, which we refer to collectively as our state-based contracts. The Group and Specialty segment consists of employer group commercial fully-insured medical and specialty health insurance benefits marketed to individuals and employer groups, including dental, vision, and other supplemental health and voluntary insurance benefits and financial protection products, as well as administrative services only, or ASO products. In addition, our Group and Specialty segment includes military services business, primarily our TRICARE T2017 East Region contract. The Healthcare Services segment includes services offered to our health plan members as well as to third parties, including pharmacy solutions, provider services, and clinical care service, such as home health and other services and capabilities to promote wellness and advance population health. The Individual Commercial segment consisted of our individual commercial fully-insured medical health insurance benefits. We report under the category of Other Businesses those businesses that do not align with the reportable segments described above, primarily our closed-block long-term care insurance policies.

Our Healthcare Services intersegment revenues primarily relate to managing prescription drug coverage for members of our other segments through Humana Pharmacy Solutions^®, or HPS, and includes the operations of Humana Pharmacy, Inc., our mail order pharmacy business. These revenues consist of the prescription price (ingredient cost plus dispensing fee), including the portion to be settled with the member (co-share) or with the government (subsidies), plus any associated administrative fees. Services revenues related to the distribution of prescriptions by third party retail pharmacies in our networks are recognized when the claim is processed and product revenues from dispensing prescriptions from our mail order pharmacies are recorded when the prescription or product is shipped. Our pharmacy operations, which are responsible for designing pharmacy benefits, including defining member co-share responsibilities, determining formulary listings, contracting with retail pharmacies, confirming member eligibility, reviewing drug utilization, and processing claims, act as a principal in the arrangement on behalf of members in our other segments. As principal, our Healthcare Services segment reports revenues on a gross basis, including co-share amounts from members collected by third party retail pharmacies at the point of service.

In addition, our Healthcare Services intersegment revenues include revenues earned by certain owned providers derived from risk-based and non-risk-based managed care agreements with our health plans. Under risk based agreements, the provider receives a monthly capitated fee that varies depending on the demographics and health status of the member, for each member assigned to these owned providers by our health plans. The owned provider assumes the economic risk of funding the assigned members’ healthcare services. Under non risk-based agreements, our health plans retain the economic risk of funding the assigned members' healthcare services. Our Healthcare Services segment reports provider services revenues associated with risk-based agreements on a gross basis, whereby capitation fee revenue is recognized in the period in which the assigned members are entitled to receive healthcare services. Provider services revenues associated with non-risk-based agreements are presented net of associated healthcare costs.

We present our consolidated results of operations from the perspective of the health plans. As a result, the cost of providing benefits to our members, whether provided via a third party provider or internally through a stand-alone subsidiary, is classified as benefits expense and excludes the portion of the cost for which the health plans do not bear responsibility, including member co-share amounts and government subsidies of $2.9 billion and $3.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In addition, depreciation and amortization expense associated with certain businesses in our Healthcare Services segment delivering benefits to our members, primarily associated with our provider services and pharmacy operations, are included with benefits expense. The amount of this expense was $39 million and $26 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Other than those described previously, the accounting policies of each segment are the same and are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 2017 Form 10-K. Transactions between reportable segments primarily consist of sales of services rendered by our Healthcare Services segment, primarily pharmacy, provider, and clinical care services, to our Retail, Group and Specialty, and Individual Commercial segment customers. Intersegment sales and expenses are recorded at fair value and eliminated in consolidation. Members served by our segments often use the same provider networks, enabling us in some instances to obtain more favorable contract terms with providers. Our segments also share indirect costs and assets. As a result, the profitability of each segment is interdependent. We allocate most operating expenses to our segments. Assets and certain corporate income and expenses are not allocated to the segments, including the portion of investment income not supporting segment operations, interest expense on corporate debt, and certain other corporate expenses. These items are managed at a corporate level. These corporate amounts are reported separately from our reportable segments and are included with intersegment eliminations in the tables presenting segment results below.

Our segment results were as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:




	Retail		Group and Specialty		Healthcare Services		Individual Commercial			Other Businesses		Eliminations/ Corporate			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Three months ended March 31, 2018
Revenues - external customers
Premiums:
Individual Medicare Advantage	$	8,970	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	8,970
Group Medicare Advantage	1,524		—		—		—			—		—			1,524
Medicare stand-alone PDP	896		—		—		—			—		—			896
Total Medicare	11,390		—		—		—			—		—			11,390
Fully-insured	125		1,392		—		(5		)	—		—			1,512
Specialty	—		347		—		—			—		—			347
Medicaid and other	553		—		—		—			9		—			562
Total premiums	12,068		1,739		—		(5		)	9		—			13,811
Services revenue:
Provider	—		—		65		—			—		—			65
ASO and other	2		219		—		—			2		—			223
Pharmacy	—		—		39		—			—		—			39
Total services revenue	2		219		104		—			2		—			327
Total revenues - external customers	12,070		1,958		104		(5		)	11		—			14,138
Intersegment revenues
Services	—		5		4,018		—			—		(4,023		)	—
Products	—		—		1,535		—			—		(1,535		)	—
Total intersegment revenues	—		5		5,553		—			—		(5,558		)	—
Investment income	37		7		6		—			35		56			141
Total revenues	12,107		1,970		5,663		(5		)	46		(5,502		)	14,279
Operating expenses:
Benefits	10,552		1,273		—		(60		)	26		(121		)	11,670
Operating costs	1,222		463		5,441		2			2		(5,381		)	1,749
Depreciation and amortization	66		23		49		—			—		(38		)	100
Total operating expenses	11,840		1,759		5,490		(58		)	28		(5,540		)	13,519
Income from operations	267		211		173		53			18		38			760
Interest expense	—		—		—		—			—		53			53
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	267	$	211	$	173	$	53		$	18	$	(15	)	$	707



	Retail		Group and Specialty		Healthcare Services		Individual Commercial		Other Businesses			Eliminations/ Corporate			Consolidated
	(in millions)
Three months ended March 31, 2017
Revenues - external customers
Premiums:
Individual Medicare Advantage	$	8,376	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	8,376
Group Medicare Advantage	1,318		—		—		—		—			—			1,318
Medicare stand-alone PDP	941		—		—		—		—			—			941
Total Medicare	10,635		—		—		—		—			—			10,635
Fully-insured	118		1,378		—		283		—			—			1,779
Specialty	—		322		—		—		—			—			322
Medicaid and other	653		—		—		—		9			—			662
Total premiums	11,406		1,700		—		283		9			—			13,398
Services revenue:
Provider	—		—		70		—		—			—			70
ASO and other	2		161		—		—		2			—			165
Pharmacy	—		—		18		—		—			—			18
Total services revenue	2		161		88		—		2			—			253
Total revenues - external customers	11,408		1,861		88		283		11			—			13,651
Intersegment revenues
Services	—		5		4,310		—		—			(4,315		)	—
Products	—		—		1,552		—		—			(1,552		)	—
Total intersegment revenues	—		5		5,862		—		—			(5,867		)	—
Investment income	25		11		8		1		21			45			111
Total revenues	11,433		1,877		5,958		284		32			(5,822		)	13,762
Operating expenses:
Benefits	10,051		1,286		—		156		29			(196		)	11,326
Operating costs	954		399		5,680		62		4			(5,546		)	1,553
Merger termination fee and related costs, net	—		—		—		—		—			(947		)	(947		)
Depreciation and amortization	58		21		34		3		—			(24		)	92
Total operating expenses	11,063		1,706		5,714		221		33			(6,713		)	12,024
Income (loss) from operations	370		171		244		63		(1		)	891			1,738
Interest expense	—		—		—		—		—			49			49
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	370	$	171	$	244	$	63	$	(1	)	$	842		$	1,689