-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, GQyrRb/N6oAM5CS8zO1IyxNDKzutu9DUDLYIJ4lAk6jXWg7WSwvwm/oihChyNhZP vSTkMITXKIn7wDyHfMGZOQ== 0000950123-98-006925.txt : 19980729 0000950123-98-006925.hdr.sgml : 19980729 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950123-98-006925 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 8-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 3 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 19980724 ITEM INFORMATION: ITEM INFORMATION: FILED AS OF DATE: 19980728 SROS: AMEX FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: HUDSON GENERAL CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000048948 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: AIRPORTS, FLYING FIELDS & AIRPORT TERMINAL SERVICES [4581] IRS NUMBER: 131947395 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 0630 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 8-K SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-05896 FILM NUMBER: 98672146 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 111 GREAT NECK RD CITY: GREAT NECK STATE: NY ZIP: 11021 BUSINESS PHONE: 5164878610 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: P O BOX 355 CITY: GREAT NECK STATE: NY ZIP: 11022 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: HUDSON LEASING CORP DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19711207 8-K 1 HUDSON GENERAL CORPORATION 1 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 8-K CURRENT REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported) July 24,1998 HUDSON GENERAL CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 1-5896 13-1947395 (State or other jurisdiction Commission (I.R.S. Employer of incorporation) File Number Identification No.) 111 GREAT NECK ROAD, GREAT NECK, NEW YORK 11021 (Address of principal executive offices and zip code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (516) 487-8610 Not Applicable (Former name or former address, if changed since last report) Page 1 of 43 2 Item 5. Other Events On July 24, 1998, Registrant's Board of Directors adopted amendments to Article II, Section 2, and to Article III, Section 3, of Registrant's By-Laws. The amendments require that in order to be timely, written notice of a stockholder's intention to nominate a person for election as a director or to propose business to be considered at an Annual Meeting of Stockholders must be received by Registrant not less than 90 nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of Registrant's immediately preceding Annual Meeting. Prior to the adoption of these amendments, the By-Laws required that such notice be received by Registrant not less than 60 nor more than 90 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding Annual Meeting. Item 7. Financial Statements and Exhibits (c) Exhibits 3.2(a) Amendments to By-Laws of the Registrant. 3.2(b) By-Laws of the Registrant as amended to date. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized. HUDSON GENERAL CORPORATION -------------------------- (Registrant) Date: July 28, 1998 /s/ MICHAEL RUBIN ----------------- Michael Rubin President -2- 3 HUDSON GENERAL CORPORATION EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit No. Exhibit Page No. 3.2(a) Amendments to By-Laws of the Registrant 4-5 3.2(b) By-Laws of the Registrant as amended to date 6-43 -3- EX-3.2.A 2 AMENDMENTS TO BY-LAWS OF THE REGISTRANT 1 EXHIBIT 3.2(a) Amendments to By-Laws of the Registrant -4- 2 RESOLVED, that the fourth paragraph of Article II, Section 2, of the By-Laws of the Corporation be, and it hereby is, amended by changing the words "not less than sixty (60) days nor more than ninety (90) days" to read instead "not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days"; and further RESOLVED, that the third paragraph of Article III, Section 3, of the By-Laws of the Corporation be, and it hereby is, amended by changing the words "not less than sixty (60) days nor more than ninety (90) days" to read instead "not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days". -5- EX-3.2.B 3 BY-LAWS OF THE REGISTRANT AS AMENDED TO DATE 1 EXHIBIT 3.2(b) By-Laws of the Registrant as Amended to Date -6- 2 As in effect 7/24/98 BY-LAWS OF HUDSON GENERAL CORPORATION INDEX Page No. ARTICLE I - Offices Section 1. Registered Office 1 2. Other Offices 1 ARTICLE II - Meetings of Stockholders Section 1. Place of Meetings 1 2. Annual Meeting 1 3. Special Meetings 4 4. Notice of Meetings 4 5. List of Stockholders 5 6. Quorums, Adjournments 6 7. Organization 6 8. Order of Business 7 9. Voting 7 10. Inspectors 8 ARTICLE III - Board of Directors Section 1. General Powers 9 2. Number, Qualifications, Election and Term of Office 9 3. Nomination of Directors 10 4. Place of Meetings 13 5. First Meeting 13 6. Regular Meetings 13 7. Special Meetings 14 8. Notice of Meetings 14 9. Quorum and Manner of Acting 15 10. Organization 15 11. Resignations 16 12. Vacancies 16 13. Removal of Directors 16 14. Compensation 16 15. Committees 17 16. Action by Consent 17 17. Telephonic Meeting 18 3 By-Law Index (Continued) Page No. ARTICLE IV - Officers Section 1. Number and Qualifications 18 2. Resignations 19 3. Removal 19 4. Chairman of the Board 19 5. Vice Chairman of the Board 20 6. President 20 7. Vice-President 20 8. Treasurer 21 9. Secretary 21 10. Assistant Treasurer 22 11. Assistant Secretary 22 12. Officers' Bonds or Other Security 23 13. Compensation 23 ARTICLE V - Stock Certificates and Their Transfer Section 1. Stock Certificates 23 2. Facsimile Signatures 24 3. Lost or Abandoned Certificates 24 4. Transfers of Stock 25 5. Transfer Agents and Registrars 25 6. Regulations 26 7. Fixing Record Date 26 8. Registered Stockholders 26 ARTICLE VI - Indemnification Section 1. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings other than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation 27 2. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation 28 3. Authorization of Indemnification 29 4. Good Faith Defined 29 5. Indemnification by a Court 30 6. Expenses Payable in Advance 31 7. Non-exclusivity and Survival of Indemnification 31 8. Insurance 32 9. Meaning of "Corporation" for Purposes of Article VI 32 ARTICLE VII - General Provisions Section 1. Dividends 33 2. Reserves 33 3. Seal 33 4. Fiscal Year 34 5. Checks, Notes, Drafts, etc. 34 6. Execution of Contracts, Deeds, etc. 34 7. Voting of Stocks in Other Corporations 34 ARTICLE VIII - Amendments 35 4 BY-LAWS OF HUDSON GENERAL CORPORATION ARTICLE I Offices SECTION 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation within the State of Delaware shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle. SECTION 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have an office or offices other than said registered office at such place or places, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors shall from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require. ARTICLE II Meetings of Stockholders SECTION 1. Place of Meetings. All meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such place or places either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of meeting to stockholders. SECTION 2. Annual Meeting. The Annual Meeting of Stockholders shall be held on such date and at such time and place as may be fixed by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, for the purpose of electing directors and for the transaction of only such -1- 5 other business as is properly brought before the meeting in accordance with these By-Laws. No business may be transacted at an Annual Meeting of Stockholders, other than business that is either (a) specified in the notice of Annual Meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (b) otherwise properly brought before the Annual Meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), or (c) otherwise properly brought before the Annual Meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Article II, Section 2 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such Annual Meeting, and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Article II, Section 2. In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly brought before an Annual Meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding Annual Meeting of Stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the Annual Meeting is called for a -2- 6 date that is not within thirty (30) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which notice of the date of the Annual Meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the Annual Meeting was made, whichever first occurs. To be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must set forth as to each matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the Annual Meeting (v) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the Annual Meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the Annual Meeting, (w) the name and record address of such stockholder, (x) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially by such stockholder and which are owned of record by such stockholder, (y) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and any material interest of such stockholder in such business, and (z) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting to bring such business before the Annual Meeting. No business shall be conducted at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders except business brought before the Annual Meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Article II, Section 2, provided, however, that, once business has been properly brought be- -3- 7 fore the Annual Meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Article II, Section 2 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the Chairman of an Annual Meeting determines that business was not properly brought before the Annual Meeting in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the Chairman shall declare to the Annual Meeting that the business was not properly brought before the Annual Meeting and such business shall not be transacted. SECTION 3. Special Meetings. Unless otherwise prescribed by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, special meetings of stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, may be called by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, if there be one, or the President. Special meetings of stockholders may not be called by any other person or persons. SECTION 4. Notice of Meetings. Written notice of each annual and special meeting of stockholders stating the date, place and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote thereat not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice. Notice shall be given personally or by mail, and if by mail, shall be sent in a postage prepaid envelope, addressed to the stockholder at his address as it appears on the rec- -4- 8 ords of the Corporation. Notice by mail shall be deemed given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid. Notice of any meeting shall not be required to be given to any person who, either before or after the meeting shall submit a signed written waiver of notice, in person or by proxy or who attends such meeting, except when such person attends the meeting in person or by proxy for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, an annual or special meeting of stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice. SECTION 5. List of Stockholders. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before each meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city, town or village where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of meeting, or, if not specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. -5- 9 SECTION 6. Quorum, Adjournments. The holders of a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or, if after adjournment a new record date is set, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. SECTION 7. Organization. At each meeting of stockholders the Chairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, or in his absence or if one shall not have been elected, the President, shall act as chairman of the meeting. The Secretary, or in his absence or inability to act, the person whom the chairman of the meeting shall appoint secretary of the meeting, shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof. -6- 10 SECTION 8. Order of Business. The order of business at all meetings of the stockholders shall be as determined by the chairman of the meeting. SECTION 9. Voting. Except as otherwise provided by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder of the Corporation shall be entitled at each meeting of stockholders to one vote for each share of capital stock of the Corporation standing in his name on the record of stockholders of the Corporation: (a) on the date fixed pursuant to the provisions of Section 7 of Article V of these By-Laws as the record date for the determination of the stockholders who shall be entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting; or (b) if no such record date shall have been so fixed, then at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice thereof shall be given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the date next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. Each stockholder entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for him by a proxy signed by such stockholder or his attorney-in-fact, but no proxy shall be voted after one year from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Any such proxy shall be delivered to the secretary of the meeting at or prior to the time designated in the order of business for so delivering such proxies. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of -7- 11 the issued and outstanding stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, present in person or represented by proxy, shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which by express provision of statute or of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these By-Laws, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question. Unless required by statute, or determined by the chairman of the meeting to be advisable, the vote on any question need not be by ballot. On a vote by ballot, each ballot shall be signed by the stockholder voting, or by his proxy, and shall state the number of shares voted. SECTION 10. Inspectors. The Board of Directors shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors or alternate inspectors to act at such meeting or any adjournment thereof. If any of the inspectors or alternate inspectors so appointed shall fail to appear or act, the chairman of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability. The inspectors shall determine the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation outstanding and the voting power of each, the number of shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the validity of proxies and ballots, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection -8- 12 with the right to vote, count and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, determine the results, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. The inspectors shall make a report in writing of any challenge, request or matter determined by them and shall execute a certificate of any fact found by them. Inspectors need not be stockholders. ARTICLE III Board of Directors SECTION 1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may exercise all such authority and powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders. SECTION 2. Number, Qualifications, Election and Term of Office. The number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall be not less than three. The number of directors may be fixed, from time to time, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors or by action of the stockholders of the Corporation. Any decrease in the number of directors shall be effective at the time of the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders unless there shall be vacancies in the Board of Directors, in which case such decrease may become effective at any time prior to the next succeeding annual meeting to the extent of the number of such vacancies. Directors need -9- 13 not be stockholders. Except as otherwise provided by statute or these By-Laws, the directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders. Each director shall hold office until his successor shall have been elected and qualified, or until his death, or until he shall have resigned, or have been removed, as hereinafter provided in these By-Laws. SECTION 3. Nomination of Directors. Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders called in the manner set forth in Article II, Section 3 hereof for the purpose of electing directors, (a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), or (b) by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Article III, Section 3 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Article III, Section 3. In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices -10- 14 of the Corporation (a) in the case of an annual meeting, not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding Annual Meeting of Stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the Annual Meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which notice of the date of the Annual Meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the Annual Meeting was made, whichever first occurs, and (b) in the case of a special meeting of stockholders called in the manner set forth in Article II, Section 3 hereof for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which notice of the date of the Special Meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the Special Meeting was made, whichever first occurs. To be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (iii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially by the person and which are owned of record by the person, and (iv) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings -11- 15 required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice (i) the name and record address of such stockholder, (ii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially by such stockholder and which are owned of record by such stockholder, (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder, (iv) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the Meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice, and (v) any other information relating to such stockholder that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of each proposed nominee to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected. No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Article III, Section 3. If the Chairman of the Meeting determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the Chairman shall declare to the Meeting that the -12- 16 nomination was defective and such defective nomination shall be disregarded. SECTION 4. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such place or places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or as shall be specified in the notice of any such meeting. SECTION 5. First Meeting. The Board of Directors shall meet for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business, as soon as practicable after each annual meeting of stockholders, on the same day and at the same place where such annual meeting shall be held. Notice of such meeting need not be given. Such meeting may be held at any other time or place (within or without the State of Delaware) which shall be specified in a notice thereof given as hereinafter provided in Section 8 of this Article III. SECTION 6. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such time and place as the Board of Directors may fix. If any day fixed for a regular meeting shall be a legal holiday at the place where the meeting is to be held, then the meeting which would otherwise be held on that day shall be held at the same hour on the next succeeding business day. Notice of regular meetings of the Board of Directors need not be given except as otherwise required by statute or these By-Laws. -13- 17 SECTION 7. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, or by two or more directors of the Corporation or by the President. SECTION 8. Notice of Meetings. Notice of each special meeting of the Board of Directors (and of each regular meeting for which notice shall be required) shall be given by the Secretary as hereinafter provided in this Section 8, in which notice shall be stated the time and place of the meeting. Except as otherwise required by these By-Laws, such notice need not state the purposes of such meeting. Notice of each such meeting shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to each director, addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business, by first-class mail, at least two days before the day on which such meeting is to be held, or shall be sent addressed to him at such place by telegraph, cable, telex, telecopier or other similar means, or be delivered to him personally or be given to him by telephone or other similar means, at least twenty-four hours before the time at which such meeting is to be held. Notice of any such meeting need not be given to any director who shall, either before or after the meeting, submit a signed waiver of notice or who shall attend such meeting, except when he shall attend for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. -14- 18 SECTION 9. Quorum and Manner of Acting. A majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, and, except as otherwise expressly required by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors present thereat may adjourn such meeting to another time and place. Notice of the time and place of any such adjourned meeting shall be given to the directors unless such time and place were announced at the meeting at which the adjournment was taken, to the other directors. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. The directors shall act only as a Board and the individual directors shall have no powers as such. SECTION 10. Organization. At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, or in the absence of the Chairman of the Board or if one shall not have been elected, the President (or, in his absence, another director chosen by a majority of the directors present) shall act as chairman of the meeting and preside thereat. The Secretary (or, in his absence, any person appointed by the Chairman) shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof. -15- 19 SECTION 11. Resignations. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein, or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein, immediately upon its receipt. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. SECTION 12. Vacancies. Any vacancy in the Board of Directors, whether arising from death, resignation, removal (with or without cause), may be filled by the vote of a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director or by the stockholders at the next annual meeting thereof or at a special meeting thereof. Each director so elected shall hold office until his successor shall have been elected and qualified. SECTION 13. Removal of Directors. Any director may be removed either with or without cause, at any time, by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at an election of directors. Any director may be removed for cause by the Board of Directors. SECTION 14. Compensation. The Board of Directors shall have authority to fix the compensation, including fees and reimbursement of expenses, of directors for services to the Corporation in any capacity. -16- 20 SECTION 15. Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, designate one or more committees, including an executive committee, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In addition, in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of such absent or disqualified member. Except to the extent restricted by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation, each such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution creating it, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which require it. Each such committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and have such name as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. A majority of each committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors. SECTION 16. Action by Consent. Unless restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken with- -17- 21 out a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be. SECTION 17. Telephonic Meeting. Unless restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any one or more members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting. ARTICLE IV Officers SECTION 1. Number and Qualifications. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of Directors and shall include the President, one or more Vice-Presidents, the Secretary and the Treasurer. If more than one Vice-President is elected, they shall have the following order of seniority: Executive Vice-President, Senior Vice-President, Vice-President. If the Board of Directors wishes, it may also elect as an officer of the Corporation a Chairman of the Board, and if it shall elect a Chairman of the Board, it may also elect a Vice Chairman of the Board, and it may elect other officers including one or more Assistant Treasurers and one or more Assistant Secretaries, as may be necessary or desirable for the business of the Corporation. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person. Each officer shall hold office until his successor shall have been -18- 22 duly elected and shall have qualified, or until his death, or until he shall have resigned or have been removed, as hereinafter provided in these By-Laws. SECTION 2. Resignations. Any officer of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein, immediately upon receipt. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of any such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. SECTION 3. Removal. Any officer of the Corporation may be removed, either with or without cause, at any time, by the Board of Directors at any meeting thereof. SECTION 4. Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, shall be a member of the Board of Directors, an officer of the Corporation, and, if present, shall preside at each meeting of the Board of Directors or the stockholders. Except where by law the signature of the President is required, the Chairman of the Board shall possess the same power as the President to sign all contracts, certificates and other instruments of the Corporation. During the absence or disability of the President, the Chairman of the Board shall exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties of the President. The Chairman of the Board shall also perform such other duties and exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to the Chairman of the Board by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors. -19- 23 SECTION 5. Vice Chairman of the Board. The Vice Chairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, shall be a member of the Board of Directors and an officer of the Corporation. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board shall preside at each meeting of the Board of Directors or the stockholders. Except where by law the signature of the President is required, the Vice Chairman of the Board shall possess the same power as the President to sign all contracts, certificates and other instruments of the Corporation. During the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board shall exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties of the Chairman of the Board. The Vice Chairman of the Board shall also perform such other duties and exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to the Vice Chairman of the Board by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors. SECTION 6. President. The President shall, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board and the Vice Chairman of the Board, or if a Chairman of the Board and a Vice Chairman of the Board shall not have been elected, preside at each meeting of the Board of Directors or the stockholders. The President shall perform all duties incident to the office of President and such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to the President by the Board of Directors. SECTION 7. Vice President. Each Vice-President shall perform all such duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors or the President. At the request of the President or in his absence or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, the -20- 24 Vice-President, or if there shall be more than one, the Vice-Presidents in the order of their seniority, shall perform the duties of the President, and, when so acting, shall have the powers of and be subject to the restrictions placed upon the President in respect of the performance of such duties. SECTION 8. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall (a) have charge and custody of, and be responsible for, all the funds and securities of the Corporation; (b) keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation; (c) deposit all moneys and other valuables to the credit of the Corporation in such depositaries as may be designated by the Board of Directors or pursuant to its direction; (d) receive, and give receipts for, moneys due and payable to the Corporation from any source whatsoever; (e) disburse the funds of the Corporation and supervise the investments of its funds, taking proper vouchers therefor; (f) render to the Board of Directors, whenever the Board of Directors may require, an account of the financial condition of the Corporation; and (g) in general, perform all duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors. SECTION 9. Secretary. The Secretary shall (a) keep or cause to be kept in one or more books provided for the purpose, the minutes of all meetings of the Board of -21- 25 Directors, the committees of the Board of Directors and the stockholders; (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these By-Laws and as required by law; (c) be custodian of the records and seal of the Corporation and affix and attest the seal to all certificates for shares of the Corporation (unless the seal of the Corporation on such certificates shall be a facsimile, as hereinafter provided) and affix and attest the seal to all other documents to be executed on behalf of the Corporation under its seal; (d) see that the books, reports, statements, certificates and other documents and records required by law are kept and filed; and (e) in general, perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors. SECTION 10. Assistant Treasurer. The Assistant Treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board of Directors. SECTION 11. Assistant Secretary. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order deter- -22- 26 mined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board of Directors. SECTION 12. Officers' Bonds or Other Security. If required by the Board of Directors, any officer of the Corporation shall give a bond or other security for the faithful performance of his duties, in such amount and with such surety as the Board of Directors may require. SECTION 13. Compensation. The compensation of the officers of the Corporation for their services as such officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors. An officer of the Corporation shall not be prevented from receiving compensation by reason of the fact that he is also a director of the Corporation. ARTICLE V Stock Certificates and Their Transfer SECTION 1. Stock Certificates. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, the Chairman of the Board or the Vice Chairman of the Board or the President or the Vice-President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by him in the Corporation. If the Corporation shall be auth- -23- 27 orized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restriction of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate which the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. SECTION 2. Facsimile Signatures. Any of or all the signatures on a certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. SECTION 3. Lost or Abandoned Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct, or establish a procedure providing for, a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or -24- 28 certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, or which have been claimed as abandoned property by a governmental authority or its agent. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate. SECTION 4. Transfers of Stock. Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its records; provided, however, that the Corporation shall be entitled to recognize and enforce any lawful restriction on transfer. Whenever any transfer of stock shall be made for collateral security, and not absolutely, it shall be so expressed in the entry of transfer if, when the certificates are presented to the Corporation for transfer, both the transferor and the transferee request the Corporation to do so. SECTION 5. Transfer Agents and Registrars. The Board of Directors may appoint, or authorize any officer or officers to appoint, one or more transfer agents and one or more registrars. -25- 29 SECTION 6. Regulations. The Board of Directors may make such additional rules and regulations, not inconsistent with these By-Laws, as it may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates for shares of stock of the Corporation. SECTION 7. Fixing Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. SECTION 8. Registered Stockholders. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its records as the owner of shares of stock to receive dividends and to vote as such owners, shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its records as the owner of shares of stock, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares of stock on the -26- 30 part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware. ARTICLE VI Indemnification SECTION 1. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings other than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this Article VI, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he -27- 31 reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. SECTION 2. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this Article VI, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper. -28- 32 SECTION 3. Authorization of Indemnification. Any indemnification under this Article VI (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VI, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made (a) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (b) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (c) by the stockholders. To the extent, however, that a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding described above, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the specific case. SECTION 4. Good Faith Defined. For purposes of any determination under Section 3 of this Article VI, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, if his action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation or an- -29- 33 other enterprise, or on information supplied to him by the officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or another enterprise. The term "another enterprise" as used in this Section 4 shall mean any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent. The provisions of this Section 4 shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which a person may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article VI, as the case may be. SECTION 5. Indemnification by a Court. Notwithstanding any contrary determination in the specific case under Section 3 of this Article VI, and notwithstanding the absence of any determination thereunder, any director, officer, employee or agent may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware for indemnification to the extent otherwise permissible under Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VI. The basis of such indemnification by a court shall be a determination by such court that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standards of conduct set forth in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article VI, as the case may be. Notice of -30- 34 any application for indemnification pursuant to this Section 5 shall be given to the Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application. SECTION 6. Expenses Payable in Advance. Expenses incurred in defending or investigating a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article VI. SECTION 7. Non-exclusivity and Survival of Indemnification. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or granted pursuant to this Article VI shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any By-Law, agreement, contract, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or pursuant to the direction (howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, it being the policy of the Corporation that indemnification of the persons specified in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VI shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by law. The provisions of this Article VI shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article VI but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify under the pro- -31- 35 visions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or otherwise. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VI shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person. SECTION 8. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power or obligation to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Article VI or otherwise. SECTION 9. Meaning of "Corporation" for Purposes of Article VI. For purposes of this Article VI, references to "the Corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent -32- 36 corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article VI with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. ARTICLE VII General Provisions SECTION 1. Dividends. Subject to statute and the Certificate of Incorporation, dividends upon the shares of stock of the Corporation may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of stock of the Corporation, unless otherwise provided by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation. SECTION 2. Reserves. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors may, from time to time, in its absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors may think conducive to the interests of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created. SECTION 3. Seal. The seal of the Corporation shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors. -33- 37 SECTION 4. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed, and once fixed, may thereafter be changed, by resolution of the Board of Directors. SECTION 5. Checks, Notes, Drafts, etc. All checks, notes, drafts or other orders for the payment of money of the Corporation shall be signed, endorsed or accepted in the name of the Corporation by such officer, officers, person or persons as from time to time may be designated by the Board of Directors or by an officer or officers authorized by the Board of Directors to make such designation. SECTION 6. Execution of Contracts, Deeds, etc. The Board of Directors shall authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation to enter into or execute and deliver any and all deeds, bonds, mortgages, contracts and other obligations or instruments, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. SECTION 7. Voting of Stocks in Other Corporations. Unless otherwise provided by resolution of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the President, from time to time, may (or may appoint one or more attorneys or agents to) cast the votes which the Corporation may be entitled to cast as a shareholder or otherwise in any other corporation, any of whose shares or securities may be held by the Corporation at meetings of the holders of the shares or other securities of such other corporation, or to consent in writing to any action by any such other corporation. In the event one or more attorneys or agents are appointed, the Chairman of the -34- 38 Board or the President may instruct the person or persons so appointed as to the manner of casting such votes or giving such consent. The Chairman of the Board or the President may, or may instruct the attorneys or agents appointed, to execute or cause to be executed in the name and on behalf of the Corporation and under its seal or otherwise, such written proxies, consents, waivers or other instruments as may be necessary or proper in the premises. ARTICLE VIII Amendments These By-Laws may be amended or repealed or new By-Laws adopted (a) by action of the stockholders entitled to vote thereon at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, or (b) if the Certificate of Incorporation so provides, by action of the Board of Directors at a regular or special meeting thereof. Any By-Law made by the Board of Directors may be amended or repealed by action of the stockholders at an annual or special meeting of stockholders. -35- -----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----