Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Commodity Price Risk Management

Our primary market risk is commodity price risk. We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility in crude oil and refined products, as well as volatility in the price of natural gas used in our refining operations. We periodically enter into derivative contracts in the form of commodity price swaps, forward purchase and sales and futures contracts to mitigate price exposure with respect to:


•	our inventory positions;


•	natural gas purchases;


•	costs of crude oil and related grade differentials;


•	prices of refined products; and


•	our refining margins.

Accounting Hedges

We have swap contracts serving as cash flow hedges against price risk on forecasted purchases of natural gas. We also periodically have forward sales contracts that lock in the prices of future sales of crude oil and refined product and swap contracts serving as cash flow hedges against price risk on forecasted purchases of WTI crude oil and forecasted sales of refined product. These contracts have been designated as accounting hedges and are measured at fair value with offsetting adjustments (gains/losses) recorded directly to other comprehensive income. These fair value adjustments are later reclassified to earnings as the hedging instruments mature. On a quarterly basis, hedge ineffectiveness is measured by comparing the change in fair value of the swap contracts against the expected future cash inflows/outflows on the respective transaction being hedged. Any hedge ineffectiveness is also recognized in earnings.

The following table presents the pre-tax effect on other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and earnings due to fair value adjustments and maturities of commodity price swaps and forward sales under hedge accounting:



	Unrealized Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI			Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings Due to Settlements				Gain (Loss) Attributable to Hedge Ineffectiveness Recognized in Earnings
	Unrealized Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI			Location	Amount			Location	Amount
				(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Commodity price swaps
Change in fair value	$	2,831		Sales and other revenues	$	7,836
Loss reclassified to earnings due to settlements	10,627			Cost of products sold	(299		)
Amortization of discontinued hedges reclassified to earnings	1,080			Operating expenses	(19,244		)	Operating expenses	$	(54	)
Total	$	14,538			$	(11,707	)		$	(54	)

Year Ended December 31, 2016
Commodity price swaps
Change in fair value	$	(17,018	)
Loss reclassified to earnings due to settlements	41,077			Sales and other revenues	$	(20,293	)
Amortization of discontinued hedges reclassified to earnings	1,080			Operating expenses	(21,864		)	Operating expenses	$	—
Total	$	25,139			$	(42,157	)		$	—

Year Ended December 31, 2015
Commodity price swaps
Change in fair value	$	(3,983	)	Sales and other revenues	$	245,819		Sales and other revenues	$	(274	)
Gain reclassified to earnings due to settlements	(49,592		)	Cost of products sold	(179,700		)	Cost of products sold	4,376
Amortization of discontinued hedges reclassified to earnings	1,080			Operating expenses	(17,607		)	Operating expenses	547
Total	$	(52,495	)		$	48,512			$	4,649

As of December 31, 2017, we have the following notional contract volumes related to outstanding derivative instruments serving as cash flow hedges against price risk on forecasted transactions:



		Notional Contract Volumes by Year of Maturity
Derivative Instrument	Total Outstanding Notional	2018	2019	2020	2021	Unit of Measure

Natural gas price swaps - long	7,200,000	1,800,000	1,800,000	1,800,000	1,800,000	MMBTU
Forward gasoline and diesel contracts - short	250,000	250,000	—	—	—	Barrels
Forward crude oil contracts - short	276,751	276,751	—	—	—	Barrels

Economic Hedges

We also have commodity forward contracts and NYMEX futures contracts to lock in prices on forecasted purchases of inventory. In addition, we periodically have swap contracts that serve as economic hedges (derivatives used for risk management, but not designated as accounting hedges) to lock in basis spread differentials on forecasted purchases of crude oil and natural gas. Furthermore, we had Canadian currency swap contracts that effectively fixed the conversion rate on $1.125 billion Canadian dollars (the PCLI purchase price), which were settled on February 1, 2017, in connection with the closing of the PCLI acquisition. These contracts are measured at fair value with offsetting adjustments (gains/losses) recorded directly to income.

The following table presents the pre-tax effect on income due to maturities and fair value adjustments of our economic hedges:



	Years Ended December 31,
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings	2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands)
Cost of products sold	$	(12,327	)	$	(6,889	)	$	48,082
Operating expenses	(6,697		)	7,276			(12,003		)
Gain (loss) on foreign currency swap	24,545			(6,520		)	—
Total	$	5,521		$	(6,133	)	$	36,079

As of December 31, 2017, we have the following notional contract volumes related to our outstanding derivative contracts serving as economic hedges (all maturing in 2018):



Derivative Instrument	Total Outstanding Notional	Unit of Measure

NYMEX futures (WTI) - short	1,175,000	Barrels
Forward gasoline and diesel contracts - long	85,000	Barrels

Interest Rate Risk Management

HEP used interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate risk. These swap contracts, which matured in July 2017, had been designated as cash flow hedges.

The following table presents the pre-tax effect on other comprehensive income and earnings due to fair value adjustments and maturities of HEP's interest rate swaps under hedge accounting:



	Unrealized Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI			Income (Loss) Recognized in Earnings Due to Settlements
	Unrealized Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI			Location	Amount
	(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Interest rate swaps
Change in fair value	$	88
Gain reclassified to earnings due to settlements	(179		)	Interest expense	$	179
Total	$	(91	)		$	179

Year Ended December 31, 2016
Interest rate swaps
Change in fair value	$	(607	)
Loss reclassified to earnings due to settlements	508			Interest expense	$	(508	)
Total	$	(99	)		$	(508	)

Year Ended December 31, 2015
Interest rate swaps
Change in fair value	$	(1,864	)
Loss reclassified to earnings due to settlements	2,100			Interest expense	$	(2,100	)
Total	$	236			$	(2,100	)

The following table presents the fair value and balance sheet locations of our outstanding derivative instruments. These amounts are presented on a gross basis with offsetting balances that reconcile to a net asset or liability position in our consolidated balance sheets. We present on a net basis to reflect the net settlement of these positions in accordance with provisions of our master netting arrangements.



	Derivatives in Net Asset Position						Derivatives in Net Liability Position
	Gross Assets		Gross Liabilities Offset in Balance Sheet		Net Assets Recognized in Balance Sheet		Gross Liabilities		Gross Assets Offset in Balance Sheet		Net Liabilities Recognized in Balance Sheet
			(In thousands)
December 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:
Commodity price swap contracts	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,424	$	—	$	2,424
Commodity forward contracts	3,067		—		3,067		418		—		418
	$	3,067	$	—	$	3,067	$	2,842	$	—	$	2,842

Derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging instruments:
NYMEX futures contracts	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,360	$	—	$	3,360
Commodity forward contracts	773		—		773		602		—		602
	$	773	$	—	$	773	$	3,962	$	—	$	3,962

Total net balance					$	3,840					$	6,804

Balance sheet classification:							Accrued liabilities				$	5,365
							Other long-term liabilities				1,439
	Prepayment and other				$	3,840					$	6,804



	Derivatives in Net Asset Position							Derivatives in Net Liability Position
	Gross Assets		Gross Liabilities Offset in Balance Sheet			Net Assets Recognized in Balance Sheet		Gross Liabilities		Gross Assets Offset in Balance Sheet			Net Liabilities Recognized in Balance Sheet
			(In thousands)
December 31, 2016
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:
Commodity price swap contracts	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	13,185	$	(431	)	$	12,754
Commodity forward contracts	—		—			—		2,978		—			2,978
Interest rate swap contracts	91		—			91		—		—			—
	$	91	$	—		$	91	$	16,163	$	(431	)	$	15,732

Derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging instruments:
Commodity price swap contracts	$	4,244	$	(756	)	$	3,488	$	12,903	$	(9,887	)	$	3,016
NYMEX futures contracts	—		—			—		1,975		—			1,975
Commodity forward contracts	5,905		—			5,905		5,338		—			5,338
Foreign currency forward contracts	—		—			—		6,519		—			6,519
	$	10,149	$	(756	)	$	9,393	$	26,735	$	(9,887	)	$	16,848

Total net balance						$	9,484						$	32,580

Balance sheet classification:	Prepayment and other					$	9,484	Accrued liabilities					$	32,580

At December 31, 2017, we had a pre-tax net unrealized loss of $1.3 million classified in accumulated other comprehensive income that relates to all accounting hedges having contractual maturities through 2021. Assuming commodity prices remain unchanged, an unrealized gain of $0.1 million will be effectively transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income into the statement of income as the hedging instruments contractually mature over the next twelve-month period.