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Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

The Company’s Summary of Significant Accounting Policies is provided with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In  June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. The standard requires a financial asset (including trade receivables) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Thus, the income statement will reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly-recognized financial assets as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. This standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2023 and did not have a material impact on the financial statements. 

 

In  November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” This ASU enhances reportable segment disclosures on both an annual and interim basis primarily in regards to the disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss. In addition, the ASU requires disclosure, by segment, of other items included in the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss, including qualitative information describing the composition, nature and type of each item. The ASU also expands disclosure requirements related to the CODM, including how the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss are used to assess segment performance and allocate resources, the method used to allocate overhead for significant segment expenses and others. Lastly, all previously required annual segment reporting disclosures under Topic 280 will also be required for interim periods. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after  December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after  December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU.

 

In  December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This ASU enhances income tax disclosures by providing information to better assess how an entity’s operations, related tax risks, tax planning and operational opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. This ASU requires additional disclosures to the annual effective tax rate reconciliation including specific categories and further disaggregated reconciling items that meet the quantitative threshold. Additionally, the ASU requires disclosures relating to income tax expense and payments made to federal, state, local and foreign jurisdictions. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after  December 15, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU.

 

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingencies at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Accounting for "Financial Instruments" requires the Company to disclose estimated fair values of financial instruments. Financial instruments held by the Company include, among others, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and notes payable. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheet for assets and liabilities qualifying as financial instruments is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

 

Fair Value Measurements

 

As defined in FASB ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements", fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and/or the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable firm inputs. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Based on the examination of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

 

* Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

* Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include:

              * Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

* Quoted prices for identical assets or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

* Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability;

* Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

* Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

 

A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

 

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the Company's instruments measured at fair value, including the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

 

* Stock: The stock market value is based on valuation of market quotes from independent active market sources and is considered a level 1 investment.