Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Notes to Financial Statements

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

2.   SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

New Accounting Standards Adopted

None.

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. The standard requires a financial asset (including trade receivables) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Thus, the income statement will reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly-recognized financial assets as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. This standard will be effective for smaller reporting companies beginning after December 15, 2022. 

Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company sells its products and services primarily to customers in the United States of America and to a lesser extent overseas. All sales are made in U.S. dollars. The Company extends normal credit terms to its customers. For the year ended December 31, 2021, sales to nine customers in the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment were 14% of consolidated sales of the Company, while sales to nine customers in the Industrial and Transportation Products segment accounted for 34% of consolidated sales. For the year ended December 31, 2020, sales to three customers in the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment were 15% of consolidated sales of the Company, while one customer in the Industrial and Transportation Products segment accounted for 33% of consolidated sales.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingencies at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Accounting for "Financial Instruments" requires the Company to disclose estimated fair values of financial instruments. Financial instruments held by the Company include, among others, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and notes payable. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheet for assets and liabilities qualifying as financial instruments is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Fair Value Measurements

As defined in FASB ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements", fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and/or the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable firm inputs. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Based on the examination of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

* Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

* Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include: * Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

* Quoted prices for identical assets or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

* Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability;

* Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. * Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

* Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, including the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Stock: The stock market value is based on valuation of market quotes from independent active market sources, and is considered a level 1 investment.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue under ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The core principle of the revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue by analyzing the following five steps; (1) Identify the contract with the customer; 2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract; 3) Determine the transaction price; 4) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and 5) Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.   The Company primarily receives fixed consideration for sales of product.  The Company does not have any significant financing components as payment is received at or shortly after the point of sale. Costs incurred to obtain a contract will be expensed as incurred when the amortization period is less than a year.  Shipping and handling amounts paid by customers are included in revenue. Sales tax and other similar taxes are excluded from revenue.

Contract Performance Obligations:

To determine proper revenue recognition, the Company evaluates whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as a single contract and whether a combined or single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. This evaluation requires significant judgment, and the decision to combine contracts or separate a combined or single contract into multiple performance obligations could change the amount of revenue and profit recorded in a given period. Contracts are considered to contain a single performance obligation if the promise to transfer individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts primarily because the Company provides a significant service of integrating a complex set of tasks and components into a single project or capability.  Contracts that cover multiple performance phases of the product lifecycle (development, construction, maintenance and support) are typically considered to have multiple performance obligations even when they are part of a single contract.

The Company provides warranties, as well as limited workmanship warranties, to customers. These warranties are included in the sale, and do not provide customers with a service in addition to assurance of compliance with agreed upon specifications. The Company does not consider these assurance-type warranties to be separate performance obligations.

Construction Contracts

The Company recognizes revenue on construction contracts over time, as performance obligations are satisfied, due to the continuous transfer of control to the customer.  The customer typically controls the work in process, as evidenced by the contract.  The Company’s construction contracts are generally accounted for as a single performance obligation, since the Company is providing a significant service of integrating components into a single project.  The Company recognizes revenue using a cost-based input method, by which actual costs incurred relative to total estimated contract costs determine, as a percentage, progress toward contract completion.  This percentage is applied to the transaction price to determine the amount of revenue to recognize.  The Company believes the cost-based input method is the best depiction of performance, because it directly measures the value of the services transferred to the customer. Revenues on uninstalled materials are recognized when control is transferred to the customer, which does not necessarily equate to when the cost is incurred.

If based on a lack of reliable information, progress cannot be reasonably measured, recognition of revenues (but not costs) is deferred until progress can be reliably measured. If, however, the Company expects that total costs will be recovered, revenues are recognized equal to costs incurred until the Company can reliably measure progress. There were no contracts that were unable to be reasonably measured at December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Revenues on uninstalled materials are recognized when control is transferred to the customer, which does not necessarily equate to when the cost is incurred. Under limited circumstances (e.g., transfer of control occurs significantly after services are provided, the cost of the materials is significant), revenue is recognized, but no profit is recognized, on certain uninstalled third-party materials when the cost is incurred. 

Because the Company almost always acts as a principal in contracts, revenues are recognized gross.  The Company is considered the principal because the Company controls the contractually specified goods and services before they are transferred to the customer. The payment terms of the Company’s construction contracts from time to time require the customer to make advance payments as well as interim payments as work progresses. The advance payment generally is not considered a significant financing component as the Company expects to recognize those amounts in revenue within a year of receipt as work progresses on the related performance obligation.  

The payment terms of the Company’s construction contracts from time to time require the customer to make advance payments as well as interim payments as work progresses.  The advance payment generally is not considered a significant financing component as the Company expect to recognize those amounts in revenue within a year of receipt as work progresses on the related performance obligation. 

Contract Assets

Contract assets are related to the Commercial Air Handling segment. A contract asset is recorded when revenue is recognized in advance of the right to receive consideration (i.e., the Company must perform additional services in order to receive consideration). Amounts are recorded as receivables when the right to consideration is unconditional. When consideration is received, or the Company has an unconditional right to consideration in advance of delivery of goods or services, a contract liability would be recorded.

Contract Estimates

Due to the nature of the Company’s performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. Since a significant change in one or more of these variables could affect the profitability of contracts, the Company reviews and updates contract-related estimates regularly through a review process in which the Company reviews the progress and execution of performance obligations and the estimated cost at completion.

The Company recognizes adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method.  Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified.  Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance is recognized using the adjusted estimate.  If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, a provision for the entire loss is recognized in the period it is identified.

Contract Modifications

Contract modifications are routine in the performance of the Company’s contracts.  Contracts are often modified to account for changes in the contract specifications or requirements.  In most instances, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct, and, therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract.

Variable Consideration

The nature of the Company’s contracts can give rise to several types of variable consideration, including claims, unpriced change orders, and liquidated damages and penalties.  The Company recognizes revenue for variable consideration when it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur.  The Company estimates the amount of revenue to be recognized on variable consideration using the expected value (i.e., the sum of a probability-weighted amount) or the most likely amount method, whichever is expected to better predict the amount.

Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on assessment of legal enforceability, past performance, and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available to the Company.

Cost and Expense Recognition

Contract costs include all direct labor, materials, subcontractor, and equipment costs, and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, tools and supplies. For construction contracts, costs are generally recognized as incurred. Under certain circumstances, costs incurred in the period related to future activity on contracts may be capitalized.

Costs incurred that do not contribute to satisfying performance obligations are excluded from the cost input calculation for revenue recognition. Excluded costs include both uninstalled materials and abnormal costs. Abnormal costs comprise wasted materials, wasted or rework labor and other resources to fulfill a contract that were not reflected in the price of the contract. A limited allowance for material overages and labor inefficiencies is typically included in our contract costs estimates (and by extension in the contract price).

For construction contracts, when it is probable that the total contract costs will exceed total contract revenues, a provision for the estimated expected loss is recorded. As long-term contracts extend over one or more years, revisions in costs and profits estimated during the course of the work are reflected in the accounting period in which the facts requiring the changes become known. Contracts which are substantially complete are considered closed for financial statement purposes. 

Unearned Revenue

Unearned revenue consists of customer deposits and contract liabilities related to the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue earned over time compared to at a point in time is as follows for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Earned over time	$	39,786,609	$	43,391,176
Point in time		64,375,618		41,678,724
Total revenue		104,162,227	$	85,069,900

Deferred Commissions

Commissions are earned based on the status of the contract. Commissions are paid upon receipt of payment for units shipped.

Product Warranties

The Company provides a warranty for its custom air handling business covering parts for 12 months from startup or 18 months from shipment, whichever comes first. The warranty reserve is maintained at a level which, in management’s judgment, is adequate to absorb potential warranties incurred. The amount of the reserve is based on management’s knowledge of the contracts and historical trends. Because of the uncertainties involved in the contracts, it is reasonably possible that management’s estimates may change in the near term. However, the amount of change that is reasonably possible cannot be precisely estimated at this time.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. From time to time the Company maintains cash balances in excess of the FDIC limits.

Accounts Receivable
The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information.

Inventory
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. The Company establishes reserves for excess and obsolete inventory based upon historical inventory usage trends and other information.

Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. Additions and betterments are capitalized. The depreciation policy of the Company is generally as follows:

Class	Method	Estimated Useful Lives (years)
Buildings & Improvements	Straight-line	10	to	40
Machinery and equipment	Straight-line	3	to	20

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment and software are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the total of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the asset.

Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs are classified as cost of product sold.

Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes is computed on domestic financial statement income. Where transactions are included in the determination of taxable income in a different year, deferred income tax accounting is used.

The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. The provision for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus any change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The company is currently undergoing an IRS audit of the 2018 tax return and there are only two remaining analysis items pending in order for the IRS to conclude the audit.

Income per Common Share
Income per common share information is computed on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period.

Reclassifications:

Certain 2020 financial information has been reclassified to conform to the 2021 presentation.