UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 8-K CURRENT REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 February 22, 2017 Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported) |
HP Inc. |
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |
DELAWARE | 1-4423 | 94-1081436 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | (Commission File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1501 PAGE MILL ROAD, PALO ALTO, CA | 94304 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) | |
(650) 857-1501 |
SIGNATURE | |||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized. | |||
HP Inc. | |||
DATE: February 22, 2017 | By: | /s/ Ruairidh Ross | |
Name: | Ruairidh Ross | ||
Title: | Deputy General Counsel and Assistant Secretary |
HP Inc. 1501 Page Mill Road Palo Alto, CA 94304 hp.com Editorial contacts HP Inc. Media Relations MediaRelations@hp.com HP Inc. Investor Relations investorrelations@hp.com | EXHIBIT 99.1 |
News Release | |
HP Inc. Reports Fiscal 2017 First Quarter Results |
PALO ALTO, CA – (Marketwired) – February 22, 2017 – HP (NYSE: HPQ) | |
● | First quarter GAAP diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations of $0.36, within the previously provided outlook of $0.33 to $0.36 per share |
● | First quarter non-GAAP diluted net earnings per share of $0.38, within the previously provided outlook of $0.35 to $0.38 per share |
● | First quarter net revenue of $12.7 billion, up 4% (up 5% in constant currency) from the prior-year period |
● | First quarter net cash provided by operating activities of $0.8 billion |
● | First quarter returned $613 million to shareholders in the form of share repurchases and dividends |
HP Inc.'s fiscal 2017 first quarter financial performance | |||||||||
Q1 FY17 | Q1 FY16 | Y/Y | |||||||
GAAP net revenue ($B) | $ | 12.7 | $ | 12.2 | 4% | ||||
GAAP operating margin from continuing operations | 6.7% | 7.6% | (0.9 pts) | ||||||
GAAP net earnings from continuing operations ($B) | $ | 0.6 | $ | 0.7 | (6)% | ||||
GAAP diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.36 | - | ||||
Non-GAAP operating margin | 7.1% | 7.5% | (0.4 pts) | ||||||
Non-GAAP net earnings ($B) | $ | 0.6 | $ | 0.6 | - | ||||
Non-GAAP diluted net earnings per share | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.36 | 6% | ||||
Cash provided by operating activities ($B) | $ | 0.8 | $ | (0.1 | ) | NM |
• | Personal Systems net revenue was up 10% year over year (up 11% in constant currency) with a 3.8% operating margin. Commercial net revenue increased 7% and Consumer net revenue increased 15%. Total units were up 8% with Notebooks units up 12% and Desktops units flat. |
• | Printing net revenue was down 3% year over year (down 2% in constant currency) with a 16.0% operating margin. Total hardware units were up 6% with Commercial hardware units up 2% and Consumer hardware units up 7%. Supplies net revenue was down 3% (down 2% in constant currency). |
HP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS (Unaudited) (In millions, except per share amounts) |
Three months ended | |||||||||||
January 31, 2017 | October 31, 2016 | January 31, 2016 | |||||||||
Net revenue | $ | 12,684 | $ | 12,512 | $ | 12,246 | |||||
Costs and expenses: | |||||||||||
Cost of revenue | 10,436 | 10,221 | 9,961 | ||||||||
Research and development | 296 | 318 | 292 | ||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 1,017 | 1,075 | 1,037 | ||||||||
Restructuring and other charges | 63 | 49 | 20 | ||||||||
Acquisition-related charges | 16 | 7 | — | ||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | — | 8 | ||||||||
Defined benefit plan settlement charges | — | 179 | — | ||||||||
Total costs and expenses | 11,828 | 11,849 | 11,318 | ||||||||
Earnings from continuing operations | 856 | 663 | 928 | ||||||||
Interest and other, net | (81 | ) | 347 | (94 | ) | ||||||
Earnings from continuing operations before taxes | 775 | 1,010 | 834 | ||||||||
Provision for taxes | (164 | ) | (497 | ) | (184 | ) | |||||
Net earnings from continuing operations | 611 | 513 | 650 | ||||||||
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes | — | (21 | ) | (58 | ) | ||||||
Net earnings | $ | 611 | $ | 492 | $ | 592 | |||||
Net earnings (loss) per share: | |||||||||||
Basic | |||||||||||
Continuing operations | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.37 | |||||
Discontinued operations | — | (0.01 | ) | (0.04 | ) | ||||||
Total basic net earnings per share | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.29 | $ | 0.33 | |||||
Diluted | |||||||||||
Continuing operations | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.36 | |||||
Discontinued operations | — | (0.02 | ) | (0.03 | ) | ||||||
Total diluted net earnings per share | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.33 | |||||
Cash dividends declared per share | $ | 0.27 | $ | — | $ | 0.25 | |||||
Weighted-average shares used to compute net earnings (loss) per share: | |||||||||||
Basic | 1,704 | 1,712 | 1,776 | ||||||||
Diluted | 1,721 | 1,729 | 1,785 |
HP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES ADJUSTMENTS TO GAAP NET EARNINGS, EARNINGS FROM OPERATIONS, OPERATING MARGIN AND DILUTED NET EARNINGS PER SHARE (Unaudited) (In millions, except per share amounts) |
Three Months Ended January 31, 2017 | Diluted net earnings per share | Three Months Ended October 31, 2016 | Diluted net earnings per share | Three months ended January 31, 2016 | Diluted net earnings per share | ||||||||||||||||||
GAAP net earnings from continuing operations | $ | 611 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 513 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 650 | $ | 0.36 | |||||||||||
Non-GAAP adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring and other charges | 63 | 0.04 | 49 | 0.03 | 20 | 0.01 | |||||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related charges | 16 | 0.01 | 7 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | — | — | — | 8 | 0.01 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-operating retirement-related credits | (32 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (28 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (40 | ) | (0.02 | ) | |||||||||||
Defined benefit plan settlement charges | — | — | 179 | 0.10 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Adjustments for taxes | (3 | ) | — | 329 | 0.20 | 7 | — | ||||||||||||||||
Tax indemnification credits | (9 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (435 | ) | (0.25 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Non-GAAP net earnings | $ | 646 | $ | 0.38 | $ | 614 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 645 | $ | 0.36 | |||||||||||
GAAP earnings from continuing operations | $ | 856 | $ | 663 | $ | 928 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-GAAP adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring and other charges | 63 | 49 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related charges | 16 | 7 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | — | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-operating retirement-related credits | (32 | ) | (28 | ) | (40 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit plan settlement charges | — | 179 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-GAAP earnings | $ | 903 | $ | 870 | $ | 916 | |||||||||||||||||
GAAP operating margin from continuing operations | 7 | % | 5 | % | 8 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Non-GAAP adjustments | — | 2 | % | (1 | )% | ||||||||||||||||||
Non-GAAP operating margin | 7 | % | 7 | % | 7 | % |
HP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (In millions) |
As of | |||||||
January 31, 2017 | October 31, 2016 | ||||||
ASSETS | |||||||
Current assets: | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 6,331 | $ | 6,288 | |||
Accounts receivable | 3,478 | 4,114 | |||||
Inventory | 4,555 | 4,484 | |||||
Other current assets | 3,411 | 3,582 | |||||
Total current assets | 17,775 | 18,468 | |||||
Property, plant and equipment | 1,730 | 1,736 | |||||
Goodwill | 5,622 | 5,622 | |||||
Other non-current assets(a) | 3,065 | 3,161 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 28,192 | $ | 28,987 | |||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT | |||||||
Current liabilities: | |||||||
Notes payable and short-term borrowings | $ | 100 | $ | 78 | |||
Accounts payable | 10,951 | 11,103 | |||||
Employee compensation and benefits | 526 | 759 | |||||
Taxes on earnings | 267 | 231 | |||||
Deferred revenue | 952 | 919 | |||||
Other accrued liabilities | 5,791 | 5,718 | |||||
Total current liabilities | 18,587 | 18,808 | |||||
Long-term debt(a) | 6,688 | 6,735 | |||||
Other non-current liabilities | 7,244 | 7,333 | |||||
Stockholders' deficit | (4,327 | ) | (3,889 | ) | |||
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit | $ | 28,192 | $ | 28,987 |
(a) | Pursuant to Accounting Standard Update 2015-03 “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” |
in Q1 FY17, debt issuance costs has been reclassified from other non-current assets to long-term debt. The change has been adopted including prior comparative periods. |
HP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (In millions) |
Three months ended January 31 | |||||||
2017 | 2016 | ||||||
In millions | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities:(a) | |||||||
Net earnings | $ | 611 | $ | 592 | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 84 | 79 | |||||
Stock-based compensation expense | 75 | 61 | |||||
Provision for doubtful accounts | (2 | ) | 11 | ||||
Provision for inventory | (2 | ) | 34 | ||||
Restructuring and other charges | 63 | 20 | |||||
Deferred taxes on earnings | 67 | 526 | |||||
Other, net | 23 | (15 | ) | ||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: | |||||||
Accounts receivable | 614 | 704 | |||||
Inventory | (69 | ) | 202 | ||||
Accounts payable | (116 | ) | (1,104 | ) | |||
Taxes on earnings | (75 | ) | (534 | ) | |||
Restructuring and other | (51 | ) | (31 | ) | |||
Other assets and liabilities | (455 | ) | (647 | ) | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 767 | (102 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||
Investment in property, plant and equipment | (101 | ) | (120 | ) | |||
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | 69 | — | |||||
Purchases of available-for-sale securities and other investments | (56 | ) | — | ||||
Maturities and sales of available-for-sale securities and other investments | 2 | 9 | |||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (86 | ) | (111 | ) | |||
Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||
Short-term borrowings with original maturities less than 90 days, net | 35 | 26 | |||||
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs | 5 | 4 | |||||
Payment of debt | (27 | ) | (2,155 | ) | |||
Settlement of cash flow hedges | (4 | ) | (11 | ) | |||
Net transfer of cash and cash equivalents to Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company | — | (10,375 | ) | ||||
Net payments related to stock-based award activities | (34 | ) | (3 | ) | |||
Repurchase of common stock | (386 | ) | (797 | ) | |||
Cash dividends paid | (227 | ) | (221 | ) | |||
Net cash used in financing activities | (638 | ) | (13,532 | ) | |||
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 43 | (13,745 | ) | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 6,288 | 17,433 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 6,331 | $ | 3,688 |
(a) | Pursuant to Accounting Standard Update 2016-09 “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” in Q1 FY17, excess income tax benefit from stock-based compensation expense is no longer separated from operating income tax cash flows and reported as financing activity. In addition, income taxes paid on shares withheld is now required to be presented as financing activity as opposed to operating activity. The change has been adopted including prior comparative periods. |
HP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES SEGMENT INFORMATION (Unaudited) (In millions) |
Three months ended | |||||||||||
January 31, 2017 | October 31, 2016 | January 31, 2016 | |||||||||
Net revenue:(a) | |||||||||||
Personal Systems | $ | 8,224 | $ | 8,018 | $ | 7,467 | |||||
Printing | 4,483 | 4,558 | 4,642 | ||||||||
Corporate Investments | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||
Total segments | 12,709 | 12,577 | 12,112 | ||||||||
Intersegment net revenue eliminations and other | (25 | ) | (65 | ) | 134 | ||||||
Total net revenue | $ | 12,684 | $ | 12,512 | $ | 12,246 | |||||
Earnings from continuing operations before taxes:(a) | |||||||||||
Personal Systems | $ | 313 | $ | 346 | $ | 229 | |||||
Printing | 716 | 637 | 787 | ||||||||
Corporate Investments | (23 | ) | (32 | ) | (23 | ) | |||||
Total segment earnings from operations | 1,006 | 951 | 993 | ||||||||
Corporate costs and eliminations | (28 | ) | (39 | ) | (16 | ) | |||||
Stock-based compensation expense | (75 | ) | (42 | ) | (61 | ) | |||||
Restructuring and other charges | (63 | ) | (49 | ) | (20 | ) | |||||
Acquisition-related charges | (16 | ) | (7 | ) | — | ||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | — | (8 | ) | |||||||
Non-operating retirement-related credits | 32 | 28 | 40 | ||||||||
Defined benefit plan settlement charges | — | (179 | ) | — | |||||||
Interest and other, net | (81 | ) | 347 | (94 | ) | ||||||
Total earnings from continuing operations before taxes | $ | 775 | $ | 1,010 | $ | 834 |
(a) | Effective at the beginning of its first quarter of fiscal year 2017, HP implemented an organizational change to align its business unit financial reporting more closely with its current business structure. The organizational change resulted in transfer of a portion of LaserJet printers from Commercial to Consumer within the Printing segment. HP reflected this change to its business unit information in prior reporting periods on an as-if basis which resulted in reclassification of revenues between the Commercial and Consumer business units of Printing. The reporting change had no impact to previously reported segment net revenue, consolidated net revenue, earnings from continuing operations, net earnings or net earnings per share. |
HP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES SEGMENT/BUSINESS UNIT INFORMATION (Unaudited) (In millions) |
Three months ended | Change (%) | ||||||||||||||||
January 31, 2017 | October 31, 2016 | January 31, 2016 | Q/Q | Y/Y | |||||||||||||
Net revenue:(a) | |||||||||||||||||
Personal Systems | |||||||||||||||||
Notebooks | $ | 4,890 | $ | 4,636 | $ | 4,205 | 5 | % | 16 | % | |||||||
Desktops | 2,534 | 2,572 | 2,527 | (1 | )% | — | |||||||||||
Workstations | 491 | 489 | 444 | — | 11 | % | |||||||||||
Other | 309 | 321 | 291 | (4 | )% | 6 | % | ||||||||||
Total Personal Systems | 8,224 | 8,018 | 7,467 | 3 | % | 10 | % | ||||||||||
Printing | |||||||||||||||||
Supplies | 3,007 | 2,835 | 3,101 | 6 | % | (3 | )% | ||||||||||
Commercial Hardware | 886 | 1,107 | 964 | (20 | )% | (8 | )% | ||||||||||
Consumer Hardware | 590 | 616 | 577 | (4 | )% | 2 | % | ||||||||||
Total Printing | 4,483 | 4,558 | 4,642 | (2 | )% | (3 | )% | ||||||||||
Corporate Investments | 2 | 1 | 3 | 100 | % | (33 | )% | ||||||||||
Total segments | 12,709 | 12,577 | 12,112 | 1 | % | 5 | % | ||||||||||
Intersegment net revenue eliminations and other(b) | (25 | ) | (65 | ) | 134 | NM | NM | ||||||||||
Total net revenue | $ | 12,684 | $ | 12,512 | $ | 12,246 | 1 | % | 4 | % |
(a) | Effective at the beginning of its first quarter of fiscal year 2017, HP implemented an organizational change to align its business unit financial reporting more closely with its current business structure. The organizational change resulted in transfer of a portion of LaserJet printers from Commercial to Consumer within the Printing segment. HP reflected this change to its business unit information in prior reporting periods on an as-if basis which resulted in reclassification of revenues between the Commercial and Consumer business units of Printing. The reporting change had no impact to previously reported segment net revenue, consolidated net revenue, earnings from continuing operations, net earnings or net earnings per share. |
(b) | "NM"- Not Meaningful. |
HP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES SEGMENT OPERATING MARGIN SUMMARY DATA (Unaudited) |
Three months ended | Change in Operating Margin (pts) | |||||||||||
January 31, 2017 | October 31, 2016 | January 31, 2016 | Q/Q | Y/Y | ||||||||
Segment operating margin:(a) | ||||||||||||
Personal Systems | 3.8 | % | 4.3 | % | 3.1 | % | (0.5) pts | 0.7 pts | ||||
Printing | 16.0 | % | 14.0 | % | 17.0 | % | 2.0 pts | (1.0) pts | ||||
Corporate Investments(b) | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM | |||||||
Total segments | 7.9 | % | 7.6 | % | 8.2 | % | 0.3 pts | (0.3) pts |
(a) | Effective at the beginning of its first quarter of fiscal year 2017, HP implemented an organizational change to align its business unit financial reporting more closely with its current business structure. The organizational change resulted in transfer of a portion of LaserJet printers from Commercial to Consumer within the Printing segment. HP reflected this change to its business unit information in prior reporting periods on an as-if basis which resulted in reclassification of revenues between the Commercial and Consumer business units of Printing. The reporting change had no impact to previously reported segment net revenue, consolidated net revenue, earnings from continuing operations, net earnings or net earnings per share. |
(b) | "NM"- Not Meaningful. |
HP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CALCULATION OF DILUTED NET EARNINGS PER SHARE (Unaudited) (In millions, except per share amounts) |
Three months ended | |||||||||||
January 31, 2017 | October 31, 2016 | January 31, 2016 | |||||||||
Numerator: | |||||||||||
GAAP net earnings from continuing operations | $ | 611 | $ | 513 | $ | 650 | |||||
Non-GAAP net earnings | $ | 646 | $ | 614 | $ | 645 | |||||
Denominator: | |||||||||||
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net earnings per share | 1,704 | 1,712 | 1,776 | ||||||||
Dilutive effect of employee stock plans(a) | 17 | 17 | 9 | ||||||||
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net earnings per share | 1,721 | 1,729 | 1,785 | ||||||||
GAAP diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.36 | |||||
Non-GAAP diluted net earnings per share | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.36 |
(a) | Includes any dilutive effect of restricted stock units, stock options and performance-based awards. |
• | Restructuring and other charges are (i) costs associated with a formal restructuring plan and are primarily related to employee termination costs and benefits, costs of real estate consolidation and other non-labor charges; and (ii) other charges, which include non-recurring costs that are distinct from ongoing operational costs. HP excludes these restructuring and other charges (and any reversals of charges recorded in prior periods) for purposes of calculating these non-GAAP measures because it believes that these historical costs do not reflect expected future operating expenses and do not contribute to a meaningful evaluation of HP's current operating performance or comparisons to HP's operating performance in other periods. |
• | HP incurs cost related to its acquisitions, which it would not have otherwise incurred as part of its operations. The charges are direct expenses such as third-party professional and legal fees, and integration-related costs. These charges related to acquisitions are inconsistent in amount and frequency and are significantly impacted by the timing and nature of HP's acquisitions. HP believes that eliminating such expenses for purposes of calculating these non-GAAP measures facilitates a more meaningful evaluation of HP's current operating performance and comparisons to HP's past operating performance. |
• | HP incurs charges relating to the amortization of intangible assets. Those charges are included in HP’s GAAP earnings from continuing operations, operating margin from continuing operations, net earnings from continuing operations and diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations. Such charges are significantly impacted by the timing and magnitude of HP’s acquisitions and any related impairment charges. Consequently, HP excludes these charges for purposes of calculating these non-GAAP measures to facilitate a more meaningful evaluation of HP’s current operating performance and comparisons to HP’s operating performance in other periods. |
• | Non-operating retirement-related credits/(charges) includes certain market-related factors such as interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortized actuarial gains or losses, and impacts from other market-related factors associated with our defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans. The market-driven retirement-related adjustments are primarily due to the changes in pension plan assets and liabilities which are tied to financial market performance and HP considers these adjustments to be outside the operational performance of the business. Non-operating retirement-related credits/(charges) also include certain plan curtailments, settlements and special termination benefits related to HP’s defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans. HP believes that eliminating such adjustments for purposes of |
• | As part of the Separation, HP evaluates all tax uncertain positions to determine the indemnification amounts under the Tax Matters Agreement with Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company and records the adjustments as net tax indemnifications amounts for the quarter. HP excludes these adjustments for the purpose of calculating these non-GAAP measures to facilitate a more meaningful evaluation of HP’s current operating performance and comparisons to HP’s operating performance in other periods. |
• | HP incurred defined benefit plan settlement charges relating to the U.S. HP pension plan. The charges are associated with the net settlement and remeasurement resulting from voluntary lump sum payments offered to certain terminated vested participants. HP excludes these charges for the purpose of calculating these non-GAAP measures to facilitate a more meaningful evaluation of HP’s current operating performance and comparisons to HP’s operating performance in other periods. |
• | As part of the Separation, HP recorded several Separation-related items including: the reversal of a previously recorded valuation allowance, the write-off of specific deferred taxes providing no continued benefit to HP and the entry of certain Separation-related deferred tax expense. HP believes that eliminating these amounts for purposes of calculating non-GAAP net earnings facilitates a more meaningful comparison of HP’s net earnings to other periods, as HP’s management does not believe that the excluded items are reflective of ongoing operating results. |
• | Items such as amortization of intangible assets, though not directly affecting HP’s cash position, represent the loss in value of intangible assets over time. The expense associated with this change in value is not included in non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP net earnings and non-GAAP diluted net earnings per share, and therefore does not reflect the full economic effect of the change in value of those intangible assets. |
• | Items such as restructuring and other charges, acquisition-related charges, non-operating retirement-related credits/(charges), defined benefit plan settlement charges, net tax indemnifications and net valuation allowance, and separation taxes and adjustments that are excluded from non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP net earnings and non-GAAP diluted net earnings per share can have a material impact on the equivalent GAAP earnings measure and cash flows. |
• | HP may not be able to immediately liquidate the short-term and long-term investments included in gross cash, which may limit the usefulness of gross cash as a liquidity measure. |
• | Other companies may calculate the non-GAAP financial measures differently than HP, limiting the usefulness of those measures for comparative purposes. |
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