5.Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurement

The estimated fair value of our available-for-sale securities, reflected on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as Investments, is based on Level 1 inputs. The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities, which excludes assets held in a Non-qualified Supplemental Savings Plan:


			Gross		Gross		Estimated
			Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
	(in thousands)
Equity Securities:
June 30, 2018	$	38,473	$	39,327	$	—	$	77,800
September 30, 2017	$	38,473	$	31,700	$	—	$	70,173

On an ongoing basis we evaluate the marketable equity securities to determine if any decline in fair value below cost is other-than-temporary. If a decline in fair value below cost is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis established. We review several factors to determine whether a loss is other-than-temporary. These factors include, but are not limited to, (i) the length of time a security is in an unrealized loss position, (ii) the extent to which fair value is less than cost, (iii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and (iv) our intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. When securities are sold, the cost of securities used in determining realized gains and losses is based on the average cost basis of the security sold.

The assets held in the Non-qualified Supplemental Savings Plan are carried at fair value which totaled $15.0 million at June 30, 2018 and $13.9 million at September 30, 2017. The assets are comprised of mutual funds that are measured using Level 1 inputs.

Short-term investments include securities classified as trading securities. Both realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading securities are included in other income (expense) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The securities are recorded at fair value.

The majority of cash equivalents are invested in highly liquid money-market mutual funds invested primarily in direct or indirect obligations of the U.S. Government. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the short maturity of those investments.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We use the fair value hierarchy established in ASC 820-10 to measure fair value to prioritize the inputs:

Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

At June 30, 2018, our financial instruments utilizing Level 1 inputs include cash equivalents, U.S. Agency issued debt securities, equity securities with active markets and money market funds that are classified as restricted assets. The current portion of restricted amounts are included in prepaid expenses and other, and the noncurrent portion are included in other assets. For these items, quoted current market prices are readily available.

At June 30, 2018, Level 2 inputs include certificates of deposit, municipal bonds and corporate bonds measured using broker quotations that utilize observable market inputs.

Our financial instruments measured using Level 3 inputs consist of potential earnout payments associated with the acquisition of MOTIVE Drilling Technologies, Inc. in fiscal 2017. The valuation techniques used for determining the fair value of the potential earnout payments use a Monte Carlo simulation which evaluates numerous potential earnings and pay out scenarios.

The following table summarizes our assets and liabilities measured at fair value presented in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2018:


	Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements:
Short-term investments:
Certificates of deposit	$	1,500	$	—	$	1,500	$	—
Corporate and municipal debt securities		13,794		—		13,794		—
U.S. government and federal agency securities		28,985		28,985		—		—
Total short-term investments		44,279		28,985		15,294		—
Cash and cash equivalents		306,426		306,426		—		—
Investments		77,800		77,800		—		—
Other current assets		34,614		34,614		—		—
Other assets		6,902		6,902		—		—
Total assets measured at fair value	$	470,021	$	454,727	$	15,294	$	—

Liabilities:
Contingent earnout liability	$	9,402	$	—	$	—	$	9,402

The following table presents a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 fair value measurements in the fair value hierarchy for the indicated periods:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(in thousands)

Net liabilities at beginning of period	$	15,702	$	—	$	14,879	$	—
Total gains or losses:
Included in earnings		(175)		14,509		5,148		14,509
Settlements		(6,125)		—		(10,625)		—
Net liabilities at end of period	$	9,402	$	14,509	$	9,402	$	14,509

Settlements represent earnout payments that have been earned or paid during the period.

The following information presents the supplemental fair value information about long-term fixed-rate debt at June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017:


	June 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017
	(in millions)
Carrying value of long-term fixed-rate debt	$	493.7	$	492.9
Fair value of long-term fixed-rate debt	$	516.5	$	529.0

The fair value for the $500 million fixed-rate debt was based on broker quotes. The notes are classified within Level 2 as they are not actively traded in markets.