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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of the Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
The components of the benefit for income taxes are as follows:
 
Year Ended September 30,
(in thousands)
2020
 
2019
 
2018
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
15,431

 
$
21,745

 
$
757

Foreign
1,495

 
732

 
6,492

State
523

 
3,365

 
2,340

 
17,449

 
25,842

 
9,589

Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
(127,096
)
 
(35,809
)
 
(508,256
)
Foreign
(12,390
)
 
2,804

 
7,415

State
(18,069
)
 
(11,549
)
 
14,083

 
(157,555
)
 
(44,554
)
 
(486,758
)
Total benefit
$
(140,106
)
 
$
(18,712
)
 
$
(477,169
)
Domestic and Foreign Income (Loss) before Income Taxes
The amounts of domestic and foreign income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:
 
Year Ended September 30,
(in thousands)
2020
 
2019
 
2018
Domestic
$
(458,364
)
 
$
(45,118
)
 
$
27,436

Foreign
(178,134
)
 
(6,104
)
 
(11,595
)
 
$
(636,498
)
 
$
(51,222
)
 
$
15,841
Effective Income Tax Rates as Compared to the U.S. Federal Income Tax Rate
Effective income tax rates as compared to the U.S. Federal income tax rate are as follows:
 
Year Ended September 30,
 
2020
 
2019
 
2018
U.S. Federal income tax rate
21.0
 %
 
21.0
 %
 
24.5
 %
Effect of foreign taxes
(0.2
)
 
(0.6
)
 
87.8

State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit
2.8

 
17.2

 
68.8

Remeasurement of deferred tax related to Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
—

 
—

 
(3,169.4
)
Other impact of foreign operations
(0.5
)
 
0.9

 
(43.4
)
Non-deductible meals and entertainment
(0.2
)
 
(2.5
)
 
8.2

Equity compensation
(0.3
)
 
2.7

 
(5.3
)
Excess officer's compensation
(0.2
)
 
(1.9
)
 
1.7

Contingent consideration adjustment
—

 
4.5

 
10.7

Other
(0.4
)
 
(4.8
)
 
4.1

Effective income tax rate
22.0
 %
 
36.5
 %
 
(3,012.3
)%
Components of Net Deferred Tax Liabilities
The components of our net deferred tax liabilities are as follows:
 
September 30,
(in thousands)
2020
 
2019
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
$
685,389

 
$
867,909

Marketable securities
1,957

 
—

Other
26,138

 
15,681

Total deferred tax liabilities
713,484

 
883,590

Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Marketable securities
—

 
771

Pension reserves
7,369

 
7,324

Self-insurance reserves
10,360

 
14,294

Net operating loss, foreign tax credit, and other federal tax credit carryforwards
33,747

 
41,126

Financial accruals
32,481

 
54,511

Other
15,632

 
2,531

Total deferred tax assets
99,589

 
120,557

Valuation allowance
(36,780
)
 
(43,578
)
Net deferred tax assets
62,809

 
76,979

Net deferred tax liabilities
$
650,675

 
$
806,611
Reconciliation of the Change in Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits A reconciliation of the change in our gross unrecognized tax benefits for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
(in thousands)
2020
 
2019
Unrecognized tax benefits at October 1,
$
15,759

 
$
14,905

Gross decreases - current period effect of tax positions
(2,338
)
 
(28
)
Gross increases - current period effect of tax positions
20

 
1,067

Expiration of statute of limitations for assessments
(1
)
 
(185
)
Unrecognized tax benefits at September 30, 
$
13,440

 
$
15,759