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Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities  
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Note 19.    Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies and key inputs used to measure assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Investment Securities Available-for-Sale

Fair values of investment securities available-for-sale were primarily measured using information from a third-party pricing service. This pricing service provides pricing information by utilizing evaluated pricing models supported with market data information. Standard inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and reference data from market research publications. Level 1 investment securities are comprised of debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. As quoted prices were available, unadjusted, for identical securities in active markets, these securities were classified as Level 1 measurements. Level 2 investment securities were primarily comprised of debt securities issued by the Small Business Administration, states and municipalities, corporations, as well as mortgage-backed securities issued by government agencies. Fair values were estimated primarily by obtaining quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or through the use of pricing models. In cases where there may be limited or less transparent information provided by the Company's third-party pricing service, fair value may be estimated by the use of secondary pricing services or through the use of non-binding third-party broker quotes.

On a quarterly basis, management reviews the pricing information received from the Company's third-party pricing service. This review process includes a comparison to non-binding third-party broker quotes, as well as a review of market-related conditions impacting the information provided by the Company's third-party pricing service. Management primarily identifies investment securities which may have traded in illiquid or inactive markets by identifying instances of a significant decrease in the volume or frequency of trades, relative to historical levels, as well as instances of a significant widening of the bid-ask spread in the brokered markets. Investment securities that are deemed to have been trading in illiquid or inactive markets may require the use of significant unobservable inputs. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, management did not make adjustments to prices provided by the third-party pricing service as a result of illiquid or inactive markets.

Loans Held for Sale

The fair value of the Company's residential mortgage loans held for sale was determined based on quoted prices for similar loans in active markets, and therefore, is classified as a Level 2 measurement.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

Mortgage servicing rights do not trade in an active market with readily observable market data. As a result, the Company estimates the fair value of mortgage servicing rights by using a discounted cash flow model to calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The Company stratifies its mortgage servicing portfolio on the basis of loan type. The assumptions used in the discounted cash flow model are those that we believe market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income. Significant assumptions in the valuation of mortgage servicing rights include estimated loan repayment rates, the discount rate, servicing costs, and the timing of cash flows, among other factors. Mortgage servicing rights are classified as Level 3 measurements due to the use of significant unobservable inputs, as well as significant management judgment and estimation.

Other Assets

Other assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are primarily comprised of investments related to deferred compensation arrangements. Quoted prices for these investments, primarily in mutual funds, are available in active markets. Thus, the Company's investments related to deferred compensation arrangements are classified as Level 1 measurements in the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are comprised of interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs"), forward commitments, interest rate swap agreements, and foreign exchange contracts. The fair values of IRLCs are calculated using a discounted cash flow approach utilizing inputs such as the fall-out ratio. The fall-out ratio is derived from the Bank's internal data and is adjusted using significant management judgment as to the percentage of loans which are currently in a lock position which will ultimately not close. IRLCs are deemed Level 3 measurements as significant unobservable inputs and management judgment are required. The fair values of forward commitments are deemed Level 2 measurements as they are primarily based on quoted prices from the secondary market based on the settlement date of the contracts, interpolated or extrapolated, if necessary, to estimate a fair value as of the end of the reporting period. The fair values of interest rate swap agreements are also calculated using a discounted cash flow approach and utilize inputs such as the LIBOR swap curve, effective date, maturity date, notional amount, and stated interest rate. Interest rate swap agreements are deemed Level 3 measurements as significant unobservable inputs and management judgment are required. The fair values of foreign exchange contracts are calculated using the Bank's multi-currency accounting system which utilizes contract specific information such as currency, maturity date, contractual amount, and strike price, along with market data information such as the spot rates of specific currency and yield curves. Foreign exchange contracts are deemed Level 2 measurements because while they are valued using the Bank's multi-currency accounting system, significant management judgment or estimation is not required.

The Company is exposed to credit risk if borrowers or counterparties fail to perform. The Company seeks to minimize credit risk through credit approvals, limits, monitoring procedures, and collateral requirements. The Company generally enters into transactions with borrowers and counterparties that carry high quality credit ratings. Credit risk associated with borrowers or counterparties as well as the Company's non-performance risk is factored into the determination of the fair value of derivative financial instruments.

The table below presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

(dollars in thousands)
  Quoted Prices
In Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
or Liabilities
(Level 1)

  Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

  Total
 
   

December 31, 2011

                         

Investment Securities Available-for-Sale

                         

Debt Securities Issued by the U.S. Treasury and Government Agencies

  $ 822,508   $ 408,510   $ -   $ 1,231,018  

Debt Securities Issued by States and Political Subdivisions

    -     407,059     -     407,059  

Debt Securities Issued by Corporations

    -     96,387     -     96,387  

Mortgage-Backed Securities Issued by Government Agencies

    -     1,655,872     -     1,655,872  

U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises

    -     61,549     -     61,549  
   

Total Mortgage-Backed Securities

    -     1,717,421     -     1,717,421  
   

Total Investment Securities Available-for-Sale

    822,508     2,629,377     -     3,451,885  
   

Loans Held for Sale

    -     18,957     -     18,957  

Mortgage Servicing Rights

    -     -     7,131     7,131  

Other Assets

    11,082     -     -     11,082  

Net Derivative Assets and Liabilities

    -     (805 )   2,058     1,253  
   

Total Assets Measured at Fair Value on a
Recurring Basis as of December 31, 2011

  $ 833,590   $ 2,647,529   $ 9,189   $ 3,490,308  
   

December 31, 2010

                         

Investment Securities Available-for-Sale

                         

Debt Securities Issued by the U.S. Treasury and Government Agencies

  $ 553,894   $ 1,962   $ -   $ 555,856  

Debt Securities Issued by States and Political Subdivisions

    -     113,609     -     113,609  

Debt Securities Issued by U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises

    -     505     -     505  

Mortgage-Backed Securities Issued by Government Agencies

    -     5,750,028     -     5,750,028  

U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises

    -     113,876     -     113,876  
   

Total Mortgage-Backed Securities

    -     5,863,904     -     5,863,904  
   

Total Investment Securities Available-for-Sale

    553,894     5,979,980     -     6,533,874  
   

Mortgage Servicing Rights

    -     -     10,226     10,226  

Other Assets

    10,851     -     -     10,851  

Net Derivative Assets and Liabilities

    -     3,117     (332 )   2,785  
   

Total Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis as of December 31, 2010

  $ 564,745   $ 5,983,097   $ 9,894   $ 6,557,736  
   

For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, the changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
  Mortgage
Servicing Rights 1

  Net Derivative
Assets and
Liabilities 2

  Total
 
   

Year Ended December 31, 2011

                   

Balance as of January 1, 2011

  $ 10,226   $ (332 ) $ 9,894  

Realized and Unrealized Net Gains (Losses):

                   

Included in Net Income

    (3,095 )   14,030     10,935  

Transfers to Loans Held for Sale

    -     (11,640 )   (11,640 )
   

Balance as of December 31, 2011

  $ 7,131   $ 2,058   $ 9,189  
   

Total Unrealized Net Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income
Related to Assets Still Held as of December 31, 2011

  $ (1,521 ) $ 2,058   $ 537  
   

Year Ended December 31, 2010

                   

Balance as of January 1, 2010

  $ 15,332   $ (180 ) $ 15,152  

Realized and Unrealized Net Gains (Losses):

                   

Included in Net Income

    (5,106 )   14,956     9,850  

Transfers to Loans Held for Sale

    -     (15,108 )   (15,108 )
   

Balance as of December 31, 2010

  $ 10,226   $ (332 ) $ 9,894  
   

Total Unrealized Net Losses Included in Net Income
Related to Assets Still Held as of December 31, 2010

  $ (2,546 ) $ (332 ) $ (2,878 )
   
1
Realized and unrealized gains and losses related to mortgage servicing rights are reported as a component of mortgage banking income in the Company's consolidated statements of income.
2
Realized and unrealized gains and losses related to interest rate lock commitments are reported as a component of mortgage banking income in the Company's consolidated statements of income. Realized and unrealized gains and losses related to interest rate swap agreements are recorded as a component of other noninterest income in the Company's consolidated statements of income.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company may be required periodically to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-fair value accounting or impairment write-downs of individual assets. For the year ended December 31, 2011, several of the branch premises with a carrying value of $1.0 million were written down to their fair value of $0.4 million, resulting in an impairment charge of $0.6 million, which was included in net occupancy expense for the period. The Company primarily utilized the tax assessed value and other observable market inputs to determine fair market value of the properties, and therefore, is classified as a Level 2 measurement. For the year ended December 31, 2010, there were no material adjustments to fair value for the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP.

Fair Value Option

The Company elected the fair value option for all residential mortgage loans held for sale originated on or after October 1, 2011. This election allows for a more effective offset of the changes in fair values of the loans held for sale and the derivative financial instruments used to economically hedge them without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. As noted above, the fair value of the Company's residential mortgage loans held for sale was determined based on quoted prices for similar loans in active markets.

The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance of the Company's residential mortgage loans held for sale as of December 31, 2011.

 
  December 31, 2011  
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
  Aggregate
Fair Value

  Aggregate
Unpaid Principal

  Aggregate Fair Value
Less Aggregate
Unpaid Principal

 
   

Loans Held for Sale

  $ 18,957   $ 18,088   $ 869  

Changes in the estimated fair value of residential mortgage loans held for sale are reported as a component of mortgage banking income in the Company's consolidated statements of income. For the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company recorded a net gain of $0.1 million as a result of the change in fair value of the Company's residential mortgage loans held for sale.

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

These disclosures exclude financial instruments that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis on the Company's consolidated statements of condition as well as short-term financial assets such as cash and cash equivalents, and liabilities such as short-term borrowings, for which the carrying amounts approximate fair value. The assumptions used below are expected to approximate those that market participants would use in valuing these financial instruments.

Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity

The fair value of the Company's investment securities held-to-maturity was primarily measured using information from a third-party pricing service. Quoted prices in active markets were used whenever available. If quoted prices were not available, fair values were measured using pricing models or other valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for credit loss assumptions.

Loans Held for Sale

The fair value of the Company's residential mortgage loans held for sale was determined based on quoted prices for similar loans in active markets. As noted above, the Company elected the fair value option for all residential mortgage loans held for sale originated on or after October 1, 2011.

Loans

The fair value of the Company's loans are estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows using the current interest rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. Loans were first segregated by type such as commercial, real estate, and consumer, and were then further segmented into fixed and variable rate and loan quality categories. Expected future cash flows were projected based on contractual cash flows, adjusted for estimated prepayments.

Deposit Liabilities

The fair values of the Company's noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing demand deposits and savings deposits were equal to the amount payable on demand (i.e., their carrying amounts) because these products have no stated maturity. The fair values of the Company's time deposits were estimated using discounted cash flow analyses. The discount rates used were based on rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities. The fair values of the Company's deposit liabilities do not take into consideration the value of the Company's long-term relationships with depositors, which may have significant value.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

The fair value of the Company's securities sold under agreements to repurchase was calculated using discounted cash flow analyses, applying discount rates currently offered for new agreements with similar remaining maturities and considering the Company's non-performance risk.

Long-Term Debt

The fair value of the Company's long-term debt was calculated using a discounted cash flow approach and applying discount rates currently offered for new notes with similar remaining maturities and considering the Company's non-performance risk.

The following presents the carrying amount and fair values of the Company's financial instruments as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 
  December 31, 2011   December 31, 2010  
 
   
 
(dollars in thousands)
  Carrying Amount
  Fair Value
  Carrying Amount
  Fair Value
 
   

Financial Instruments – Assets

                         

Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity

  $ 3,657,796   $ 3,754,206   $ 127,249   $ 134,028  

Loans Held for Sale

    18,957     18,957     17,564     17,575  

Loans 1

    5,098,681     5,373,777     4,861,643     5,115,355  

Financial Instruments – Liabilities

                         

Deposits

    10,592,623     10,603,120     9,888,995     9,901,009  

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

    1,925,998     2,031,057     1,901,084     2,003,375  

Long-Term Debt 2

    21,787     24,076     23,707     24,590  
1
Comprised of loans, net of unearned income and the allowance for loan losses.
2
Excludes capital lease obligations.