INCOME TAXES	3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES	12. INCOME TAXES The income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, the estimate of the annual effective tax rate is updated, and if the estimated effective tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made. There is a potential for volatility of the effective tax rate due to several factors, including changes in the mix of the pre-tax income and the jurisdictions to which it relates, changes in tax laws, settlements with taxing authorities and foreign currency fluctuations. The effective income tax rate as a percentage of income before income taxes was (103.2)% and 28.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate is net of a discrete tax benefit of (130.5)% and a discrete tax expense of 0.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The discrete benefit in the three months ended March 31, 2021 is related primarily to the recognition of net operating loss carryforwards resulting from tax legislation enacted in New Zealand during the period which changes our ability to use the carryforwards in future periods. The discrete tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 related primarily to share-based payments.

INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

12. INCOME TAXES

The income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, the estimate of the annual effective tax rate is updated, and if the estimated effective tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made. There is a potential for volatility of the effective tax rate due to several factors, including changes in the mix of the pre-tax income and the jurisdictions to which it relates, changes in tax laws, settlements with taxing authorities and foreign currency fluctuations.

The effective income tax rate as a percentage of income before income taxes was (103.2)% and 28.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate is net of a discrete tax benefit of (130.5)% and a discrete tax expense of 0.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The discrete benefit in the three months ended March 31, 2021 is related primarily to the recognition of net operating loss carryforwards resulting from tax legislation enacted in New Zealand during the period which changes our ability to use the carryforwards in future periods. The discrete tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 related primarily to share-based payments.