8.INCOME TAXES

The provision for income taxes is based on income before income taxes as follows (in thousands):

	For the year ended
	December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		December 31, 2014
Domestic	$	4,288	$	7,676	$	9,484
Foreign	8,515		7,745		9,139
Income before income taxes	$	12,803	$	15,421	$	18,623

Components of the total provision for income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

	For the year ended
	December 31, 2016			December 31, 2015		December 31, 2014
Current provision (benefit)
Domestic	$	(70	)	$	1,936	$	1,917
Foreign	2,025			1,042		1,126
Total current provision	1,955			2,978		3,043
Deferred provision
Domestic	1,438			1,217		1,297
Foreign	332			152		423
Total deferred provision	1,770			1,369		1,720
Provision for income taxes	$	3,725		$	4,347	$	4,763

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount determined by applying the federal statutory rate as follows:

	For the year ended
	December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		December 31, 2014
Tax provision, computed at statutory rate	34.0	%	34.0	%	34.0	%
State tax, net of federal impact	4.6	%	4.8	%	0.6	%
Change in valuation allowance	0.9	%	(3.3	)%	(4.7	)%
Effect of foreign tax rate differences	(6.5	)%	(6.1	)%	(4.5	)%
Permanent items, other	(0.4	)%	0.9	%	(0.7	)%
R&D Credit	(1.7	)%	(1.3	)%	(0.5	)%
Restricted Stock Awards	(2.7	)%	0.0	%	0.0	%
Other	0.9	%	(0.8	)%	1.4	%
Provision for income taxes	29.1	%	28.2	%	25.6	%

The tax effects of significant temporary differences and credit and operating loss carryforwards that give rise to the net deferred tax assets and tax liabilities are as follows:

	December 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Noncurrent deferred tax assets:
Employee benefit plans	$	2,247		$	2,719
Goodwill and Intangibles	—			215
Other	852			582
Allowances and other	969			977
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	1,003			1,045
Total noncurrent deferred tax assets	5,071			5,538
Valuation allowance	(557		)	(439		)
Net noncurrent deferred tax assets:	$	4,514		$	5,099

Net noncurrent deferred tax liabilities:
Property and Equipment	$	3,445		$	2,857
Goodwill and Intangibles	3,136			—
Other	276			324
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	6,857		$	3,181

Net deferred tax asset/(deferred tax liability)	$	(2,343	)	$	1,918

The Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $3,000 which, if unused, will expire in 2017. These carryforwards and related valuation allowance were recorded in relation to the acquisition of Globe Motors, Inc.

Additionally, the Company has foreign operating losses that relate to a foreign subsidiary acquired in 2010. At the time of the acquisition, the Company could not conclude, on a more likely than not basis, that it would ultimately realize tax benefits from these losses and credits, and therefore valued the deferred benefit at zero. The Company will continue to assess its ability to utilize any portion of the tax carryforward balance and whether it should adjust the amount of deferred tax asset related to this carryforward.

Realization of the Company’s recorded deferred tax assets is dependent upon the Company generating sufficient taxable income in the appropriate tax jurisdictions in future years to obtain benefit from the reversal of net deductible temporary differences and from utilization of net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. During 2016, the Company utilized a portion of its net operating loss carryforwards. Also, the Company increased the valuation allowance recorded due to the uncertainty related to the realization of certain deferred tax assets. The amount of deferred tax assets considered realizable is subject to adjustment in future periods if estimates of future taxable income are changed. Management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of its deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances as of December 31, 2016.

The Company files income tax returns in various U.S. and foreign taxing jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state tax examinations in its major tax jurisdictions for periods before 2010. The Company is no longer subject to tax examinations in The Netherlands or Sweden for periods before 2011, in Germany for periods before 2012 and in Portugal for periods before 2013.

In general, it is the practice and intention of the Company to reinvest the earnings of its non-domestic subsidiaries in activities outside the United States. Generally, such amounts would become subject to domestic taxation upon the remittance of dividends to the United States and under certain other circumstances. Exceptions may be made on a year-by-year basis to repatriate current year earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries based on cash needs in the United States, however, the Company does not intend to transfer amounts or pay dividends and, therefore, has not recorded the domestic tax consequences of such payments. As of December 31, 2016, domestic income and foreign withholding taxes have not been provided for unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries. These earnings, which are considered to be indefinitely reinvested, would become subject to domestic income tax if they were remitted to the United States. The amount of unrecognized deferred income tax liability on the unremitted earnings has not been determined because the amount that would be payable is based on the timing and jurisdictions of any repatriated amounts.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 prospectively and ASU 2015-17 retrospectively as of January 1, 2016. These pronouncements impact the accounting and disclosure for income taxes (refer to Note 1, Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements section for more information.