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INCOME TAXES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2015
INCOME TAXES  
INCOME TAXES

 

11.INCOME TAXES

 

The income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period.  Each quarter, the estimate of the annual effective tax rate is updated, and if the estimated effective tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made.  There is a potential for volatility of the effective tax rate due to several factors, including changes in the mix of the pre-tax income and the jurisdictions to which it relates, changes in tax laws and foreign tax holidays, settlements with taxing authorities and foreign currency fluctuations.

 

The Company has net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards in certain foreign jurisdictions expiring in 2015 through 2017.  The Company evaluates the future realizability of the tax loss and credit carryforwards considering the anticipated future earnings and tax planning strategies in the foreign jurisdictions.  During 2015 and 2014, the Company updated its estimates regarding the realizability of tax credit carryforwards and updated its effective tax rate accordingly.  Also, during the quarter ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded a discrete tax benefit of $129 for the effect of a change in valuation allowance due to a change in judgement about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the total discrete benefit amount recorded was $232.

 

The effective income tax rate as a percentage of income before income taxes was 24.2% and 31.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  The effective income tax rate as a percentage of income before income taxes was 27.3% and 31.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  The effective tax rate for the three and nine months of 2015 and the three and nine months of 2014 is lower than the statutory rate primarily due to differences in foreign tax rates and changes in the estimated valuation allowance.