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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior periods’ consolidated financial statements in order to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not impact any prior amounts of net earnings (loss) or cash flows.
Principles of Consolidation, and Noncontrolling Interests The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hasbro, Inc. and all majority-owned subsidiaries (“Hasbro” or the “Company”). Investments representing 20% to 50% ownership interests in other companies are accounted for using the equity method. For those majority-owned subsidiaries that are not 100% owned by Hasbro, the interests of the minority owners are accounted for as noncontrolling interestsThe financial results and position of the noncontrolling interests acquired through the acquisition of eOne are included in their entirety in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheets beginning with the first quarter of 2020. The value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests is presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as temporary equity between liabilities and shareholders' equity. During 2022, the Company redeemed all outstanding redeemable noncontrolling interest in Renegade Entertainment, LLC, the only entity for which the Company previously held redeemable noncontrolling interest. During 2022, the Company's outstanding non-redeemable noncontrolling interest in Round Room Live, LLC was included with the disposition of certain non-core businesses associated with the Company's strategy shift. The value of the non-redeemable noncontrolling interests is presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets within Total shareholders' equity. Earnings (losses) attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests and non-redeemable noncontrolling interests are presented as a separate line on the Consolidated Statements of Operations which is necessary to identify those earnings (losses) specifically attributable to Hasbro.
Fiscal Year
Hasbro’s fiscal year ends on the last Sunday in December. The fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 was a fifty-three week period. The fiscal years ended December 25, 2022, and December 26, 2021 were each fifty-two week periods.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and highly liquid investments purchased with an initial maturity to the Company of three months or less.
Marketable Securities
Included in marketable securities is common stock in a public company arising from a business relationship. This type of investment is also included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Credit is granted to customers predominantly on an unsecured basis. Credit limits and payment terms are established based on extensive evaluations made on an ongoing basis throughout the fiscal year with regard to the financial performance, cash generation, financing availability and liquidity status of each customer. The majority of customers are formally reviewed at least annually; more frequent reviews are performed based on the customer’s financial condition and the level of credit being extended. For customers on credit who are experiencing financial difficulties, management performs additional financial analyses before shipping orders. The Company uses a variety of financial transactions, based on availability and cost, to increase the collectability of certain of its accounts, including letters of credit, credit insurance, and requiring cash in advance of shipping.
The Company records an allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable based on management’s expected credit losses. Management's estimate of expected credit losses is based on its assessment of the business environment, customers’ financial condition, historical collection experience, accounts receivable aging and customer disputes.
Accounts receivable, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets represents amounts due from customers less the allowance for credit losses as well as allowances for discounts, rebates and returns.
Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. Based upon a consideration of quantities on hand, actual and projected sales volume, anticipated product selling price and product lines planned to be discontinued, slow-moving and obsolete inventory is written down to its estimated net realizable value.
Equity Method Investment
For the Company’s equity method investments, only the Company’s investment in and amounts due to and from the equity method investment are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and only the Company’s share of the equity method investment’s earnings (losses) is included in Other expense (income), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Dividends, cash distributions, loans or other cash received from the equity method investment, additional cash investments, loan repayments or other cash paid to the investee are included in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
The Company reviews its equity method investments for impairment on a periodic basis. If it has been determined that the fair value of the equity investment is less than its related carrying value and that this decline is other-than-temporary, the carrying value of the investment is adjusted downward to reflect these declines in value. The Company owns an interest in a joint venture, Discovery Family Channel (“the Network”), with Discovery Communications, Inc. (“Discovery”). The Company has determined that it does not meet the control requirements to consolidate the Network and accounts for the investment using the equity method of accounting.
The Company and Discovery are also party to an option agreement with respect to the Network. The Company has recorded a liability for this option agreement at fair value which is included in Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unrealized gains and losses on this option are recognized in Other expense (income), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as they occur.
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using accelerated and straight-line methods to depreciate the cost of property, plant and equipment over their estimated useful lives. The principal lives, in years, used in determining depreciation rates of various assets are: land improvements 15 to 19, buildings and improvements 15 to 25 and machinery and equipment (including computer hardware and software) 3 to 12. Depreciation expense is classified in the Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the nature of the property and equipment being depreciated. Tools, dies and molds are depreciated over their useful lives, which is generally three years, using an accelerated method. The Company generally owns all tools, dies and molds related to its products.
Property, plant and equipment, net is reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset or related asset group to future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized would be measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their fair value wherein the fair value is the appraised value. Furthermore, assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of the net book value or their estimated fair value less disposal costs.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill results from acquisitions the Company has made over time. Substantially all of the Company's other intangible assets consist of the cost of acquired product rights. In establishing the value of such rights, the Company considers existing trademarks, copyrights, patents, license agreements and other product-related rights. These rights were valued on their acquisition dates based on the anticipated future cash flows from the underlying product lines. The Company has certain intangible assets related to the Tonka and Milton Bradley acquisitions that have indefinite lives.
Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized and are tested for impairment at least annually. The annual goodwill test begins with a qualitative assessment, where qualitative factors and their impact on critical inputs are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the Company determines that a reporting unit has an indication of impairment based on the qualitative assessment, a quantitative impairment assessment is performed.
The Company's intangible assets having definite lives are being amortized over periods ranging from two to nineteen years, primarily using the straight-line method.
The Company reviews intangible assets with definite lives for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If such assets were considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized would be measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their fair value wherein that fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows.
The Company's reporting units are determined in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350).” The Company performs its annual impairment testing of goodwill and definite-lived intangible assets during the fourth quarter of each year. See note 6 for additional information on the results of the Company’s impairment tests.
Financial Instruments Hasbro’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, accounts payable and certain accrued liabilities. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying cost of these instruments approximated their fair value.
Production Financing
Production financing relates to financing facilities for certain of the Company's television and film productions. Production financing facilities are arranged on an individual production basis by either special purpose production subsidiaries, each secured by the assets and future revenues of such production subsidiaries, which are non-recourse to the Company's assets, or through a senior revolving credit facility obtained in November 2021, dedicated to production financing. These facilities typically have maturities of less than two years while the titles are in production, and are repaid once the production is delivered and all tax credits, broadcaster pre-sales and international sales have been received. In connection with the production of a television or film program, the Company records initial cash outflows within cash flows from operating activities due to its investment in the production and concurrently records cash inflows within cash flows from financing activities from the production financing it normally obtains. Under these facilities, certain of the Company's cash is restricted while the financing is outstanding. All of the Company's individual production loan and the senior revolving credit facility dedicated to production financing were assumed by Lionsgate effective upon the closing of the sale of the eOne Film and TV business in the fourth quarter of 2023. For further details, see notes 3 and 11.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods, intellectual property or production is transferred to the customers or licensees, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those goods. The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable.
The majority of the Company’s revenues are derived from sales of finished products to customers. Revenues from sales of finished products to customers accounted for 75%, 76% and 74% of the Company’s revenues for the fiscal years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. When determining whether control of the finished products has transferred to the customer, the Company considers any future performance obligations. Generally, the Company has no post-shipment obligation on sales of finished products to customers and revenues from product sales are recognized upon passing of title to the customer, which is generally at the time of shipment. Any shipping and handling activities that are performed by the Company, whether before or after a customer has obtained control of the products, are considered activities to fulfill our obligation to transfer the products, and are recorded as incurred within selling, distribution, and administration expenses. The Company offers various discounts, rebates, allowances, returns, and markdowns to its customers (collectively, “allowances”), all of which are considered when determining the transaction price. Certain allowances are fixed and determinable at the time of sale and are recorded at the time of sale as a reduction to revenues. Other allowances can vary depending on future outcomes such as customer sales volume (“variable consideration”). The Company estimates the amount of variable consideration using the expected value method. In estimating the amount of variable consideration using the expected value method, the Company considers various factors including but not limited to: customer terms, historical experience, any expected deviations from historical experience, and existing or expected market conditions. The Company then records an estimate of variable consideration as a reduction to revenues at the time of sale. The Company adjusts its estimate of variable consideration at least quarterly or when facts and circumstances used in the estimation process may change. Historically, adjustments to estimated variable consideration have not been material.
The Company enters into contracts to license its intellectual property, which consists of its brands, in various channels including but not limited to: consumer products such as apparel or home goods, within formats such as online and digital games, within venues such as theme parks, or within formats such as television and film. The licensees pay the Company either a sales-based or usage-based royalty, or a combination of both, for use of the brands, in some cases subject to minimum guaranteed amounts or fixed fees. The license of the Company’s brands provide access to the intellectual property over the term of the license, generally without any other performance obligation of the Company other than keeping the intellectual property active, and is therefore considered a right-to-access license of symbolic intellectual property. The Company records sales-based or usage-based royalty revenues for right-to-access licenses at the occurrence of the licensees’ subsequent sale or usage. When the arrangement includes a minimum guarantee, the Company records the minimum guarantee on a ratable basis over the term of the license period and does not record the sales-based or usage-based royalty revenues until they exceed the minimum guarantee.
The Company also produces, sells and licenses television and film content for distribution to third parties in formats that include broadcast, digital streaming, transactional and theatrical. These are intellectual property licenses where the licensees pay either a fixed fee for the content license or a variable fee in the form of a sales based royalty. The content that the Company delivers to its licensees typically has stand-alone functionality, generally without any other performance obligation of the Company, and is therefore considered a right-to-use license of functional intellectual property. The Company records revenues for right-to-use licenses once the license period has commenced and the licensee has the ability to use the delivered content. In arrangements where the licensee pays the Company a fixed fee for multiple seasons or multiple series of programming, arrangement fees are recorded as revenues based upon their relative fair values. The Company also earns advertising revenues from certain content made available on free to consumer, streaming video on demand platforms where the Company earns a portion of the advertising revenues earned by the service provider. The performance obligation is met and revenue is recorded when the user accesses the Company’s content through the streaming platform.
The Company develops and hosts digital games featuring its brands within the games, such as Magic: The Gathering Arena and D&D Beyond. The Company does not charge a fee to the end users for the download of the games or the ability to play the games. The end users make in-application purchases of virtual currencies, with such purchased virtual currencies to be used in the games. In addition, the Company offers a subscription service for D&D Beyond that provides access to a variety of added benefits, typically for a recurring monthly, semi-annual, or annual fee. The Company records revenues from in-application purchases based on either the usage patterns of the players or the player’s estimated life, depending on the nature of the game item purchased in exchange for virtual currency. For items recognized over the player's estimated life, the Company currently recognizes digital game's revenues ratably within six months of purchase, while revenue received from subscription services is
recognized ratably over the subscription term. The Company controls all aspects of the digital goods delivered to the consumer.
Costs of Sales
Cost of sales primarily consists of purchased materials, labor, tooling, manufacturing overheads and other inventory-related costs such as obsolescence.
Investment in Productions and Acquired Content Rights and Program Cost Amortization
The Company incurs costs in connection with the production of television programming and live action movies. The majority of these costs are capitalized by the Company as they are incurred and amortized using the individual-film-forecast method, whereby these costs are amortized in the proportion that the current year’s revenues bear to management’s estimate of total ultimate revenues as of the beginning of such period related to the program. Ultimate revenue estimates are periodically reviewed and adjustments, if any, will result in changes to amortization rates and estimated accruals for residuals and participations. Ultimate revenue includes estimates over a period not to exceed ten years following the date of release of the production. Ultimate revenue used in amortization of acquired content rights is estimated over the life of the acquired rights but no longer than a period of ten years. These capitalized costs are reported at the lower of cost, less accumulated amortization, or fair value, and reviewed for impairment when an event or change in circumstances occurs that indicates that impairment may exist. The fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow model which is primarily based on management’s future revenue and cost estimates. Certain of these agreements require the Company to pay minimum guaranteed advances ("MGs") for participations and residuals. MGs are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets when a liability arises, usually on delivery of the television or film program to the Company. The current portion of MGs are recorded as Payables and accrued liabilities and the long-term portion are recorded as Other liabilities. Substantially all of the Company’s non-Hasbro branded productions, and all of the Company's acquired content rights, were included with the eOne Film and TV business sold to Lionsgate in the fourth quarter of 2023. The Company retained all Hasbro-branded content and will continue to develop and produce animation, digital shorts, scripted TV and theatrical films for audiences related to core Hasbro IP.
Royalties
The Company enters into license agreements with strategic partners, inventors, designers and others for the use of intellectual properties in its products. In addition, the Company enters into minimum guarantee royalty arrangements related to the purchase of film and television rights for content to be delivered in the future. These agreements may call for payment in advance or future payment of minimum guaranteed amounts. Amounts paid in advance are recorded as an asset and charged to expense when the related revenue is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. If all or a portion of the minimum guaranteed amounts appear not to be recoverable through future use of the rights obtained under the license, the non-recoverable portion of the guaranty is charged to expense at that time.
Advertising
Production costs of commercials are expensed in the fiscal year during which the production is first aired. The costs of other advertising and promotion programs are expensed in the fiscal year incurred.
Shipping and Handling Hasbro expenses costs related to the shipment and handling of goods to customers as incurred.
Operating Leases
The Company leases certain property, vehicles and other equipment through operating leases. Operating lease right-of-use assets are recorded within Property, Plant and Equipment and the related liabilities recorded within Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has no material finance leases.
Operating lease assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent an obligation to make lease payments according to the terms of the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the inception of the lease agreement based on the estimated present value
of lease payments over the lease term, using our incremental borrowing rate based on information available on the lease commencement date. The Company capitalizes non-lease components for equipment leases, but expenses non-lease components as incurred for real estate leases. Leases with an expected term of 12 months or less are not capitalized. Lease expense under such leases is recorded straight line over the life of the lease.
Income Taxes
Hasbro uses the asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Deferred taxes are measured using rates expected to apply to taxable income in years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent it believes that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, all available positive and negative evidence is considered, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. The assumptions utilized in determining future taxable income require significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates used to manage the underlying businesses. Actual operating results in future years could differ from current assumptions, judgments and estimates. However, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that most of the deferred tax assets recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets will ultimately be realized. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the net amount believed to be more likely than not to be realized.
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates, and revenues, costs and expenses are translated at weighted average exchange rates during each reporting period. Net earnings include gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions and, when required, translation gains and losses resulting from the use of the U.S. dollar as the functional currency in highly inflationary economies. Other gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements are a component of Other comprehensive earnings (loss).
Pension Plans, Postretirement and Postemployment Benefits
Pension expense and related amounts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are based on actuarial computations of current and future benefits. Actual results that differ from the actuarial assumptions are accumulated and, if outside a certain corridor, amortized over future periods and, therefore affect recognized expense in future periods. The corridor used for this purpose is equal to 10% of the greater of plan liabilities or market asset values, and future periods vary by plan, but generally equal the actuarially determined average expected future working lifetime of active plan participants. The Company’s policy is to fund amounts which are required by applicable regulations and which are tax deductible. The estimated amounts of future payments to be made under other retirement programs are being accrued currently over the period of active employment and are also included in pension expense. Hasbro has a contributory postretirement health and life insurance plan covering substantially all employees who retired under any of its United States defined benefit pension plans prior to January 1, 2020, and meet certain age and length of service requirements. During the fourth quarter of 2019, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors, the Company announced the elimination of the contributory post-retirement health and life insurance coverage for employees whose retirement eligibility begins after December 31, 2019. See note 16 for further discussion.
The cost of providing these benefits on behalf of employees who retired prior to 1993 has been substantially borne by the Company.
The cost of providing benefits on behalf of eligible employees who retire after 1992 is borne by the employee. The Company also has several plans covering certain groups of employees, which may provide benefits to such employees following their period of employment but prior to their retirement. The Company measures the costs of these obligations based on actuarial computations.
Stock-Based Compensation The Company has a stock-based employee compensation plan for employees and non-employee members of the Company’s Board of Directors. Under this plan the Company may grant stock options at or above the fair market value of the Company’s stock, as well as restricted stock, restricted stock units and contingent stock performance awards. All awards are measured at fair value at the date of the grant and amortized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. For awards contingent upon Company performance, the measurement of the expense for these awards is based on the Company’s current estimate of its performance over the performance period.
Dividend Equivalent Units
Beginning with employee stock incentive awards granted in 2022, the payment of cash dividends to shareholders also results in the crediting of Dividend Equivalent Units (“DEUs”) to holders of restricted stock units ("RSUs") and contingent stock performance awards ("PSUs") granted under the Company's Restated 2003 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, for employees as defined and described in note 15. The DEUs are credited as additional RSUs or PSUs and settled concurrently with the vesting of associated awards. DEUs are forfeited in the event the underlying RSUs or PSU's do not vest. The dividend equivalent value of forfeitable DEUs is treated as a reduction of retained earnings or, if the Company is in a retained deficit position, as a reduction of additional paid-in capital.
Risk Management Contracts
Hasbro uses foreign currency forward and option contracts to mitigate the impact of currency rate fluctuations on firmly committed and projected future foreign currency transactions. These over-the-counter contracts, which hedge future purchases of inventory, product sales, as well as other cross-border currency requirements not denominated in the functional currency of the business unit, are primarily denominated in United States, Canadian and Hong Kong dollars as well as Euros and British pound sterling. All contracts are entered into with a number of counterparties, all of which are major financial institutions. The Company believes that a default by a counterparty would not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company. Hasbro does not enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.
At the inception of the contracts, Hasbro designates its derivatives as either cash flow or fair value hedges. The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various hedge transactions. All hedges designated as cash flow hedges are linked to forecasted transactions and the Company assesses, both at the inception of the
hedge and on an on-going basis, the effectiveness of the derivatives used in hedging transactions in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the forecasted transaction.
The Company records all derivatives, such as foreign currency exchange contracts, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Changes in the derivative fair values that are designated as cash flow hedges are deferred and recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCE”) until the hedged transactions occur and are then recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company’s foreign currency contracts hedging anticipated cash flows are designated as cash flow hedges. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, the Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively. Any gain or loss deferred through that date remains in AOCE until the forecasted transaction occurs, at which time it is reclassified to the Consolidated Statements of Operations. To the extent the transaction is no longer deemed probable of occurring, hedge accounting treatment is discontinued and amounts deferred would be reclassified to the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In the event hedge accounting requirements are not met, gains and losses on such instruments are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company uses derivatives to economically hedge intercompany loans denominated in foreign currencies. The Company does not use hedge accounting for these contracts as changes in the fair value of these contracts are substantially offset by changes in the fair value of the intercompany loans.
Prior to the issuance of certain long-term Notes due 2021 and 2044, the Company entered into a forward-starting interest rate swap contract to hedge the anticipated U.S. Treasury interest rates on the anticipated debt issuance. These instruments, which were designated and effective as hedges, were terminated on the date of the related debt issuance and the then fair value of these instruments was recorded to AOCE and amortized through the Consolidated Statements of Operations using an effective interest rate method over the life of the related debt.
Net Earnings Per Common Share Basic net earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the year as well as awards that have not been issued but all contingencies have been met. Diluted net earnings per share is similar except that the weighted average number of shares outstanding is increased by dilutive securities, and net earnings are adjusted, if necessary, for certain amounts related to dilutive securities. Dilutive securities include shares issuable upon exercise of stock options for which the market price exceeds the exercise price, less shares which could have been purchased by the Company with the related proceeds. Dilutive securities also include shares issuable under restricted stock unit award agreements.