We maintain stock incentive plans for the benefit of certain officers, directors, and employees. Our stock incentive plans provide for the ability to issue stock options, cash stock appreciation rights, performance stock units, phantom stock units and cash performance stock units. Our cash stock appreciation rights, phantom stock units and cash performance stock units settle solely in cash and are treated as the current liability, which are adjusted each reporting period based on changes in our stock price.

Compensation expense for stock-based awards is based on the fair values of the awards on the date of grant and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the entire award in the “Labor” line of the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. We recognized $1.4 million and $2.4 million of stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

In May 2013, our stockholders approved the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”), pursuant to which we may issue up to 500,000 shares of stock-based awards to directors, employees, and consultants, as adjusted for the reverse stock split. The 2013 Plan replaced the stockholder-approved 2005 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2005 Plan”), pursuant to which we issued equity securities to directors, officers, and key employees. No additional stock-based awards will be granted under the 2005 Plan, but awards previously granted under the 2005 Plan will remain outstanding in accordance with their respective terms. In August 2018, we filed a Form S-8 to increase the total registered shares under 2013 Plan to 553,673 shares. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 190,187 and 188,582 shares available, respectively, for grant under the 2013 Plan.

In 2020, we established our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan ("2020 Plan") which replaced the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”). Any shares of common stock that remained eligible for issuance under the 2013 Plan are now instead eligible for issuance under the 2020 Plan. In August 2020, we filed a Form S-8 to register up to an aggregate of 2,521,244 shares that may be issued under the 2020 Plan. The 2020 Plan provides for the issuance of stock-based awards to directors, employees and consultants. No additional stock-based awards will be granted under the 2013 Plan, but awards previously granted under the 2013 Plan will remain outstanding in accordance with their respective terms. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 1.3 million and 1.3 million shares available, respectively, for grant under the 2020 Plan.

In August 2023, we established the 2023 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan ("2023 Plan"), pursuant to which the Company issued 240,000 shares of stock option awards, which is the limit of the plan.

Options granted under the 2023 Plan have an exercise price equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the date prior to the grant date. These options become exercisable in 33.3% increments on the first three anniversaries of their date of grant and expire on the tenth anniversary of their date of grant. Options to purchase 240,000 shares granted under 2023 Plan awards were outstanding as of December 31, 2023, with exercise prices ranging from $5.59 to $76.80 per share.

Options granted under the 2020 Plan, 2013 Plan or as inducement awards have an exercise price equal to the market value of the common stock on the grant date. These options become exercisable in 25% increments on the first four anniversaries of their date of grant and expire on the tenth anniversary of their date of grant. There were no options outstanding under the 2020 plan as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Options to purchase 6,663 shares granted under 2013 Plan awards were outstanding as of December 31, 2023, with exercise prices ranging from $5.59 to $116.40 per share. Options to purchase 8,268 shares granted under 2013 Plan awards were outstanding as of December 31, 2022, with exercise prices ranging from $76.80 to $115.20 per share.

Options under the 2005 Plan were granted at exercise prices equal to the market value of the common stock on the grant date. All such awards have met their respective vesting dates. There were no options outstanding under the 2005 Plan as of December 31, 2023. Options to purchase 4,400 shares were outstanding under the 2005 Plan as of December 31, 2022, with exercise prices ranging from $76.80 to $115.20 per share.

Options granted to officers after April 2015 vest in full upon a change in control if such options are not assumed or replaced by a publicly traded successor with an equivalent award (as defined in such officers’ change in control severance agreements).


In thousands	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (Thousands)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2021	37,615	$	80.21	1.36	$	—

Adjustment and Correction	(20,000)
Granted in 2022	—	—		—	—
Exercised in 2022	—	—		—	—
Unvested options forfeited in 2022	—	—		—	—
Vested options expired in 2022	(4,947)	95.80		—	—
Options outstanding at December 31, 2022	12,668	$	78.88	1.16	$	—

Granted in 2023	240,000	$	5.59	9.67	288
Exercised in 2023	—	—		—	—
Unvested options forfeited in 2023	—	—		—	—
Vested options expired in 2023	(6,005)	77.38		—	—
Options outstanding at December 31, 2023	246,663	$	7.61	9.38	$	288

Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2023	246,663	$	7.61	9.38	$	288

Exercisable at December 31, 2023	6,663	$	80.24	0.49	$	—

The aggregate intrinsic value at year end in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value that would have been received by the option holders if all of the in-the-money options were exercised on December 31, 2023. The pre-tax intrinsic value is the difference between the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2023, and the exercise price for each in-the-money option. This value fluctuates with the changes in the price of our common stock.


Range of Exercise Prices	Number Outstanding	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Life (Years)	Number Exercisable	Weighted-Average price per share Outstanding and Vested
$5.59 - 76.80	242,010	$	6.18	9.55	2,010	$	76.80
$77.60 - 116.40	4,653	$	81.72	0.37	4,653	$	81.72

There were 240,000 options granted during 2023 and no options were granted during 2022. As of December 31, 2023, there was $0.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options.

In 2016 and 2017, the Board of Directors approved grants of cash settling stock appreciation rights under the 2013 Plan. Cash stock appreciation rights vest in 25% increments on the first four anniversaries of the date of grant and expire after 10 years. Cash stock appreciation rights settle solely in cash and are treated as a liability.

The fair value of each cash stock appreciation right is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes Option-Pricing Model and is revalued at the end of each period. Changes in fair value are recorded in the income statement as changes to expense. As of December 31, 2023, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested cash stock appreciation right grants.

Restricted stock units granted as inducement awards or under the 2020 Plan and 2013 Plan vest in three equal increments on the first three anniversaries of their date of grant. Restricted stock units settle in treasury stock or newly issued shares and are treated as equity. Outstanding restricted stock units granted to officers as inducement awards or under the 2013 Plan vest in full (to the extent not previously vested) upon a change in control if such unvested shares are not assumed or replaced by a publicly traded successor with an equivalent award (as such terms are defined in such officers’ change-in-control severance agreements).


	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested shares outstanding at December 31, 2021	646,439	$4.41

Adjustment and Correction	40,000	—
Granted in 2022	208,165	8.93
Vested in 2022	(296,161)	4.85
Forfeited in 2022	(82,267)	3.29
Unvested shares outstanding at December 31, 2022	516,176	$6.43

Granted in 2023	80,225	5.73
Vested in 2023	(308,523)	5.53
Forfeited in 2023	(44,437)	7.02
Unvested shares outstanding at December 31, 2023	243,441	$7.24

The fair value of each restricted stock unit is estimated on the date of grant as the closing market price of our common stock on the date prior to the grant. As of December 31, 2023, there was $1.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.18 years.

In 2016 and 2017, the Board of Directors approved grants of phantom stock units under the 2013 Plan. Phantom stock units vest in 25% increments on the first four anniversaries of the date of grant. Phantom stock units settle solely in cash and are treated as a liability. Grants of phantom stock units made to officers under the 2013 Plan vest in full (to the extent not previously vested) upon a change in control if they are not assumed or replaced by a publicly traded successor with an equivalent award (as such terms are defined in such officers’ change-in-control severance agreements).

The fair value of each phantom stock unit is estimated on the date of grant as the closing market price of our common stock on the date prior to the grant. Changes in our stock price will result in adjustments to compensation expense and the corresponding liability over the applicable service period. As of December 31, 2023, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to phantom stock units.

Performance stock units are a form of share-based award similar to unvested shares, except that the number of shares ultimately issued is based on our performance against specific performance goals over a roughly three-year period. At the end of the performance period, the number of shares of stock issued will be determined in accordance with the specified performance target(s) in a range between 0% and 100%. Performance stock units vest solely in common stock and are treated as equity. Upon a change in control, performance stock units granted to officers vest on a pro-rated basis (based on time elapsed from the grant) to the extent not previously settled if they are not assumed or replaced by a publicly traded successor with an equivalent award (as such terms are defined in such officers’ change-in-control severance agreements). Performance Stock Units have been issued under the 2013 Plan, and the 2020 Plan as inducement awards.


	Number of Units	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Performance stock units outstanding as of December 31, 2021	94,110	$	5.41

Granted in 2022	117,000	$	7.77
Settled in 2022	(69,110)	5.44
Forfeited in 2022	—	—
Performance stock units outstanding as of December 31, 2022	142,000	$	7.34

Granted in 2023	—	$	—
Settled in 2023	—	—
Forfeited in 2023	(99,000)	7.14
Performance stock units outstanding as of December 31, 2023	43,000	$	7.80

The fair value of each performance stock unit is estimated on the date of grant as the closing market price of our common stock on the date prior to the grant, minus the present value of anticipated dividend payments. Periodic compensation expense is based on the current estimate of future performance against specific performance goals over a three-year period and is adjusted up or down based on those estimates. As of December 31, 2023, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to performance stock units was approximately $29,770. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.44 years.

In 2016 and 2017, the Board of Directors approved grants of cash performance stock units under the 2013 Plan. Cash performance stock units are a form of share-based award similar to phantom stock units, except that the number of units ultimately issued is based on our performance against specific performance goals measured after a three-year period. At the end of the performance period, the number of units vesting will be determined in accordance with specified performance target(s) in a range between 0% and 100%. Cash performance stock units settle solely in cash and are treated as a liability. Upon a change in control, cash performance stock units granted to officers, vest on a pro-rated basis (based on time elapsed from the grant) to the extent not previously settled if they are not assumed or replaced by a publicly traded successor with an equivalent award (as such terms are defined in such officers’ change-in-control severance agreements).

The fair value of each cash performance stock unit is estimated on the date of grant as the closing market price of our common stock on the date prior to the grant, minus the present value of anticipated dividend payments. Periodic compensation expense is based on the current estimate of future performance against specific performance goals over a