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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

Our income tax benefit of $52 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019 resulted in an effective income tax rate of 1.3%. Our six months ended June 30, 2019 income tax expense of $0.7 million resulted in a negative effective income tax rate of 4.4%. The effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 differs from the federal statutory rate of 21.0%, primarily due to valuation allowances recorded on our deferred tax assets for current period federal net operating losses incurred, as we have concluded that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Our income tax benefit of $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 resulted in an effective income tax rate of 8.0%. Our six months ended June 30, 2018 income tax benefit of $9.4 million resulted in a negative effective income tax rate of 56.7%. The effective income tax benefit calculated for the three months ended June 30, 2018 differs from the federal statutory rate of 21.0%, primarily due to valuation allowances recorded on our deferred tax assets for current period federal net operating losses incurred, as we have concluded that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effective income tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2018 differs from the federal statutory rate of 21.0%, primarily due to the capital loss generated from the sale of 3Q Digital which will be available for carryback.

We have in general historically calculated the provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full calendar year to ordinary income or loss for the reporting period. However, we have used a discrete effective tax rate method to calculate income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 because we determined that our ordinary income or loss cannot be reliably estimated and small changes in estimated ordinary income would result in significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate.

Effective January 1, 2019 we adopted ASU 2018-02 which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive
income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the reduction of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
from 35% to 21% due to the enactment of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Reform Act”). As a result of the adoption, we reclassified $11.4 million of stranded tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings.

Harte Hanks, or one of our subsidiaries, files income tax returns in the U.S. federal, U.S. state, and foreign jurisdictions. For
U.S. state returns, we are no longer subject to tax examinations for tax years prior to 2013. For U.S. federal and foreign returns, we are no longer subject to tax examinations for tax years prior to 2015.

We have elected to classify any interest expense and penalties related to income taxes within income tax expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income. We did not have a significant amount of interest or penalties accrued at June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.