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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill by Segment
The following table reflects the changes in carrying amounts of goodwill by segment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands)Harsco Environmental
Segment		Harsco
Clean Earth
Segment		Consolidated
Totals
Balance at December 31, 2019$395,113 $330,230 $725,343 
Changes to goodwill (a)
1,480 152,417 153,897 
Foreign currency translation9,808 — 9,808 
Balance at December 31, 2020406,401 482,647 889,048 
Changes to goodwill— 1,232 1,232 
Foreign currency translation(7,171)— (7,171)
Balance at December 31, 2021$399,230 $483,879 $883,109 
(a)     The changes to goodwill related to the acquisition of ESOL, and immaterial acquisitions in the Harsco Environmental segment. See Note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions.

The Company's methodology for determining reporting unit fair value is described in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Performance of the Company's 2021 annual impairment test did not result in impairment of any of the Company's reporting units.

Intangible Assets
Net intangible assets totaled $402.8 million at December 31, 2021 and $435.1 million at December 31, 2020. The following table reflects these intangible assets by major category:
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
(In thousands)Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Customer related$104,322 $54,057 $105,222 $46,267 
Permits309,069 34,822 308,705 18,955 
Technology related39,886 13,415 40,274 9,654 
Trade names30,738 6,842 30,779 4,272 
Air rights26,139 1,675 26,139 1,044 
Patents179 138 192 139 
Non-compete agreement2,500 1,094 2,500 469 
Other3,407 1,396 3,335 1,230 
Total$516,240 $113,439 $517,146 $82,030 

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $32.2 million, $30.6 million and $15.2 million for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The following table shows the estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years based on current intangible assets.
(In thousands)20222023202420252026
Estimated amortization expense (b)
$31,600 $31,600 $31,100 $30,900 $28,900 
(b)    These estimated amortization expense amounts do not reflect the potential effect of future foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.