UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2021

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from            to          

Commission File Number 001-03970

HARSCO CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Delaware			23-1483991
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. employer identification number)
350 Poplar Church Road,	Camp Hill,	Pennsylvania	17011
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code  717-763-7064 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $1.25 per share	HSC	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).   Yes ☒  NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒		Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☐
			Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  YES ☐  NO ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class	Outstanding at October 29, 2021
Common stock, par value $1.25 per share	79,203,660

HARSCO CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

INDEX

		Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	43
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	43
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	44
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	44
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44
Item 5.	Other Information	44
Item 6.	Exhibits	45
SIGNATURES		46

2

Glossary of Defined Terms

Unless the context requires otherwise, "Harsco," the "Company," "we," "our," or "us" refers to Harsco Corporation on a consolidated basis. The Company also uses several other terms in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which are further defined below:

Term	Description
AOCI	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AXC	The former Harsco Industrial Air-X-Changers business
CARES Act	Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act
CCIRs	Cross-currency interest rate swaps
Clean Earth	CEHI Acquisition Corporation and Subsidiaries
COVID-19	The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic
Credit Agreement	Credit Agreement governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities
DEA	United States Drug Enforcement Agency
DTSC	California Department of Toxic Substances Control
EBITDA	Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization
ESOL	Stericycle Environmental Solutions business
FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board
IBORs	Interbank offered rates
ICMS	Type of value-added tax in Brazil
IKG	The former Harsco Industrial IKG business
ISDA	International Swaps and Derivatives Association
LIBOR	London Interbank Offered Rates
New Term Loans	$500 million term loan raised in March 2021 under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, maturing on March 10, 2028
Notes	5.75% Notes due July 31, 2027
OCI	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
PA DEP	Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
PK	The former Harsco Industrial Patterson-Kelley business
Revolving Credit Facility	Multi-year revolving credit facility under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, with a facility limit of $700 million
ROU	Right of use
SBB	Federal railway system of Switzerland
SCE	Supreme Council for Environment in Bahrain
SEC	Securities and Exchange Commission
Senior Secured Credit Facilities	Primary source of borrowings comprised of the Revolving Credit Facility and the New Term Loan
SPRA	State Revenue Authorities from the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Term Loan A	$280 million term loan raised in March 2020 under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, maturing on June 28, 2024, repaid on March 10, 2021
Term Loan B	Term loan issued under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, maturing on December 8, 2024, repaid on March 10, 2021
TSDF	Treatment, storage, and disposal facility permits issued under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
U.S. GAAP	Accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S.

3

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.      FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

HARSCO CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)

(In thousands)	September 30 2021		December 31 2020
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	75,578	$	76,454
Restricted cash	4,525		3,215
Trade accounts receivable, net	425,897		407,390
Other receivables	39,454		34,253
Inventories	163,072		173,013
Current portion of contract assets	100,731		54,754
Prepaid expenses	62,022		56,099
Other current assets	16,303		10,645
Total current assets	887,582		815,823
Property, plant and equipment, net	678,325		668,209
Right-of-use assets, net	98,841		96,849
Goodwill	896,728		902,074
Intangible assets, net	413,538		438,565
Deferred income tax assets	10,689		15,274
Other assets	52,470		56,493
Total assets	$	3,038,173	$	2,993,287
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	13,892	$	7,450
Current maturities of long-term debt	9,181		13,576
Accounts payable	229,244		218,039
Accrued compensation	56,364		45,885
Income taxes payable	11,994		3,499
Current portion of advances on contracts	58,034		39,917
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	25,112		24,862
Other current liabilities	174,461		184,727
Total current liabilities	578,282		537,955
Long-term debt	1,333,574		1,271,189
Retirement plan liabilities	175,362		231,335
Advances on contracts	9,732		45,017
Operating lease liabilities	72,090		69,860
Environmental liabilities	28,589		29,424
Deferred tax liabilities	31,669		40,653
Other liabilities	55,648		54,455
Total liabilities	2,284,946		2,279,888
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
HARSCO CORPORATION STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock	144,856		144,288
Additional paid-in capital	213,095		204,078
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(634,759)		(645,741)
Retained earnings	1,818,846		1,797,759
Treasury stock	(846,502)		(843,230)
Total Harsco Corporation stockholders’ equity	695,536		657,154
Noncontrolling interests	57,691		56,245
Total equity	753,227		713,399
Total liabilities and equity	$	3,038,173	$	2,993,287

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

HARSCO CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30					September 30
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	2021			2020		2021			2020
Revenues from continuing operations:
Service revenues	$	438,624		$	384,506	$	1,299,805		$	1,021,738
Product revenues	105,677			124,892		343,171			333,782
Total revenues	544,301			509,398		1,642,976			1,355,520
Costs and expenses from continuing operations:
Cost of services sold	348,243			313,330		1,031,258			835,879
Cost of products sold	86,119			98,849		278,557			256,910
Selling, general and administrative expenses	82,090			87,954		247,798			241,224
Research and development expenses	764			568		2,210			2,620
Other (income) expenses, net	(2,835)			3,633		(7,810)			9,074
Total costs and expenses	514,381			504,334		1,552,013			1,345,707
Operating income from continuing operations	29,920			5,064		90,963			9,813
Interest income	618			604		1,841			1,613
Interest expense	(16,004)			(15,794)		(48,854)			(43,396)
Unused debt commitment fees, amendment fees and loss on extinguishment of debt	(198)			—		(5,506)			(1,920)
Defined benefit pension income	3,906			1,859		11,833			5,171
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity income	18,242			(8,267)		50,277			(28,719)
Income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations	(6,989)			1,654		(19,782)			4,640
Equity income (loss) of unconsolidated entities, net	(293)			9		(488)			176
Income (loss) from continuing operations	10,960			(6,604)		30,007			(23,903)
Discontinued operations:
Gain (loss) on sale of discontinued business	—			—		—			18,371
Loss from discontinued businesses	(1,528)			(1,531)		(4,770)			(1,232)
Income tax benefit (expense) from discontinued businesses	396			(204)		1,236			(9,803)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	(1,132)			(1,735)		(3,534)			7,336
Net income (loss)	9,828			(8,339)		26,473			(16,567)
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(2,264)			(1,239)		(5,386)			(3,472)
Net income (loss) attributable to Harsco Corporation	$	7,564		$	(9,578)	$	21,087		$	(20,039)
Amounts attributable to Harsco Corporation common stockholders:
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax	$	8,696		$	(7,843)	$	24,621		$	(27,375)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	(1,132)			(1,735)		(3,534)			7,336
Net income (loss) attributable to Harsco Corporation common stockholders	$	7,564		$	(9,578)	$	21,087		$	(20,039)
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding	79,287			79,000		79,214			78,916
Basic earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Harsco Corporation common stockholders:
Continuing operations	$	0.11		$	(0.10)	$	0.31		$	(0.35)
Discontinued operations	(0.01)			(0.02)		(0.04)			0.09
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Harsco Corporation common stockholders	$	0.10		$	(0.12)	$	0.27		$	(0.25)	(a)
Diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding	80,275			79,000		80,356			78,916
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Harsco Corporation common stockholders:
Continuing operations	$	0.11		$	(0.10)	$	0.31		$	(0.35)
Discontinued operations	(0.01)			(0.02)		(0.04)			0.09
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Harsco Corporation common stockholders	$	0.09	(a)	$	(0.12)	$	0.26	(a)	$	(0.25)	(a)

(a) Does not total due to rounding.

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

HARSCO CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020
Net income (loss)	$	9,828	$	(8,339)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of deferred income taxes of $(1,850) and $2,418 in 2021 and 2020, respectively	(27,587)		17,527
Net income (loss) on cash flow hedging instruments, net of deferred income taxes of $(217) and $(125) in 2021 and 2020, respectively	822		(263)
Pension liability adjustments, net of deferred income taxes of $(358) and $(323) in 2021 and 2020, respectively	17,768		(9,153)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of deferred income taxes of $— and $(4) in 2021 and 2020, respectively	—		9
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(8,997)		8,120
Total comprehensive income (loss)	831		(219)
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1,820)		(2,795)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Harsco Corporation	$	(989)	$	(3,014)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020
Net income (loss)	$	26,473	$	(16,567)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of deferred income taxes of $(675) and $(2,323) in 2021 and 2020, respectively	(15,437)		(35,244)
Net income (loss) on cash flow hedging instruments, net of deferred income taxes of $(519) and $141 in 2021 and 2020, respectively	1,745		(1,622)
Pension liability adjustments, net of deferred income taxes of $(1,054) and $(2,356) in 2021 and 2020, respectively	23,812		28,037
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of deferred income taxes of $(9) and $8 in 2021 and 2020, respectively	25		(22)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	10,145		(8,851)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	36,618		(25,418)
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(4,549)		(4,053)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Harsco Corporation	$	32,069	$	(29,471)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

HARSCO CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	26,473	$	(16,567)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	98,383		93,864
Amortization	26,554		24,721
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense	(8,911)		2,346
Equity (income) loss of unconsolidated entities, net	488		(176)
Gain on sale from discontinued business	—		(18,371)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	2,668		—
Other, net	(1,147)		(336)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and dispositions of businesses:
Accounts receivable	(32,563)		26,308
Income tax refunds receivable	735		(11,168)
Inventories	3,557		(11,801)
Contract assets	(52,205)		(26,775)
Right-of-use assets	21,050		18,195
Accounts payable	12,111		(1,488)
Accrued interest payable	(7,840)		(9,984)
Accrued compensation	12,098		1,795
Advances on contracts	(13,997)		19,145
Operating lease liabilities	(20,554)		(17,864)
Retirement plan liabilities, net	(36,700)		(23,902)
Income taxes payable - Gain on sale of discontinued businesses	—		(10,342)
Other assets and liabilities	16,550		4,676
Net cash provided by operating activities	46,750		42,276
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(109,507)		(79,096)
Purchases of businesses, net of cash acquired	—		(432,855)
Proceeds from sale of discontinued business, net	—		37,219
Proceeds from sales of assets	15,512		4,473
Expenditures for intangible assets	(287)		(169)
Proceeds from notes receivable	6,400		—
Net proceeds (payments) from settlement of foreign currency forward exchange contracts	(1,064)		536
Other investing activities, net	181		(197)
Net cash used by investing activities	(88,765)		(470,089)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Short-term borrowings, net	4,650		1,712
Current maturities and long-term debt:
Additions	507,468		580,903
Reductions	(452,351)		(111,999)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	(3,103)		—
Stock-based compensation - Employee taxes paid	(3,273)		(4,188)
Payment of contingent consideration	(734)		(2,342)
Deferred financing costs	(7,828)		(1,928)
Other financing activities, net	(601)		(1,368)
Net cash provided by financing activities	44,228		460,790
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	(1,779)		(6,567)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	434		26,410
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at beginning of period	79,669		59,732
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at end of period	$	80,103	$	86,142
Supplementary cash flow information:
Change in accrual for purchases of property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable	$	2,357	$	3,060

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

HARSCO CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Unaudited)

	Harsco Corporation Stockholders’ Equity
	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Noncontrolling Interests
(In thousands, except share  amounts)	Issued		Treasury										Total
Balances, December 31, 2019	$	143,400	$	(838,893)	$	200,595	$	1,824,100	$	(587,622)	$	48,079	$	789,659
Net income							141				1,086		1,227
Total other comprehensive loss, net of deferred income taxes of $(5,267)									(28,854)		(1,148)		(30,002)
Vesting of restricted stock units and other stock grants, net 104,840 shares	230		(889)		(230)								(889)
Vesting of performance share units, net 265,151 shares	589		(3,205)		(589)								(3,205)
Amortization of unearned portion of stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures					2,080								2,080
Balances, March 31, 2020	144,219		(842,987)		201,856		1,824,241		(616,476)		48,017		758,870
Net income (loss)							(10,602)				1,147		(9,455)
Total other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes of $(1,229)									12,858		173		13,031
Stock appreciation rights exercised, net 6,744 shares	8		(16)		(8)								(16)
Vesting of restricted stock units and other stock grants, net 14,211 shares	18		—		(18)								—
Amortization of unearned portion of stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures					2,086								2,086
Balances, June 30, 2020	144,245		(843,003)		203,916		1,813,639		(603,618)		49,337		764,516
Net income (loss)							(9,578)				1,239		(8,339)
Cash dividends declared:
Noncontrolling interests											(8)		(8)
Total other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes of $1,966									6,566		1,554		8,120
Stock appreciation rights exercised, net 1,609 shares	3		(8)		(3)								(8)
Vesting of restricted stock units and other stock grants, net 10,910 shares	20		(87)		(20)								(87)
Amortization of unearned portion of stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures					2,220								2,220
Balances, September 30, 2020	$	144,268	$	(843,098)	$	206,113	$	1,804,061	$	(597,052)	$	52,122	$	766,414

8

	Harsco Corporation Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands, except share amounts)	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Noncontrolling Interests
	Issued		Treasury										Total
Balances, December 31, 2020	$	144,288	$	(843,230)	$	204,078	$	1,797,759	$	(645,741)	$	56,245	$	713,399
Net income							135				1,430		1,565
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred income taxes of $134									2,295		(1,066)		1,229
Stock appreciation rights exercised, net 3,842 shares	9		(70)		(9)								(70)
Vesting of restricted stock units and other stock grants, net 144,967 shares	312		(1,850)		(312)								(1,850)
Vesting of performance share units, net 69,127 shares	155		(1,032)		(155)								(1,032)
Amortization of unearned portion of stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures					3,342								3,342
Balances, March 31, 2021	144,764		(846,182)		206,944		1,797,894		(643,446)		56,609		716,583
Net income							13,388		$	—	1,692		15,080
Cash dividends declared:
Noncontrolling interests											(3,094)		(3,094)
Total other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes of $34									17,240		673		17,913
Stock appreciation rights exercised, net 13,061 shares	28		(219)		(28)								(219)
Vesting of restricted stock units and other stock grants, net 34,986 shares	44				(44)								—
Amortization of unearned portion of stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures					3,120								3,120
Balances, June 30, 2021	144,836		(846,401)		209,992		1,811,282		(626,206)		55,880		749,383
Net income (loss)							7,564		$	—	2,264		9,828
Cash dividends declared:
Noncontrolling interests											(9)		(9)
Total other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes of $(2,425)									(8,553)		(444)		(8,997)
Vesting of restricted stock units and other stock grants, net 10,824 shares	20		(101)		(20)								(101)
Amortization of unearned portion of stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures					3,123								3,123
Balances, September 30, 2021	$	144,856	$	(846,502)	$	213,095	$	1,818,846	$	(634,759)	$	57,691	$	753,227

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

HARSCO CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

1.     Basis of Presentation

The Company has prepared these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Accordingly, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information and disclosure required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. The December 31, 2020 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was derived from the 2020 audited consolidated financial statements.  The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (all of which are of a normal recurring nature) that are necessary for a fair statement are reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. 

Restricted Cash

The Company had restricted cash of $4.5 million and $3.2 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and the restrictions are primarily related to collateral provided for certain guarantees of the Company's performance.

Impact of COVID-19

Beginning in early 2020, overall global economic conditions were significantly impacted by COVID-19. The Company operated, since the onset of the pandemic, as a provider of certain essential services in the U.S. and other countries and overall business conditions have strengthened since the second quarter of 2020. And while COVID-19 continues to impact various lines of business within the Company and certain operations including as a result of subsequent supply-chain challenges and labor-market tightness, the Company expects that business conditions will improve meaningfully in 2021 compared with 2020.

The Company did not record any long-lived asset impairments, indefinite-lived asset impairments, goodwill impairments, significant inventory write-downs or incremental accounts receivable reserves for current expected credit losses during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2021. However, should economic conditions deteriorate, including as a result of COVID-19 such charges are possible in future periods, which could have an adverse effect on the Company's future results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform with current year classifications.

2.     Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Standards

The following accounting standards have been adopted in 2021:

On January 1, 2021 the Company adopted changes issued by the FASB which are intended to reduce complexity and simplify the accounting for income taxes in accordance with U.S. GAAP by removing certain exceptions related to investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations and clarifying existing guidance to improve consistent application. These changes did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

The following accounting standards have been issued and become effective for the Company at a future date:

In March 2020 the FASB issued changes that provide companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. In response to the concerns about risks of IBORs and, particularly, the risk of cessation of LIBOR, regulators in several jurisdictions around the world have undertaken reference rate reform initiatives to identify alternative reference rates that are more observable or transaction-based and less susceptible to manipulation. The changes provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. In January 2021, the FASB issued additional clarification changes. The changes must be adopted no later than December 31, 2022 with early adoption permitted. Management does not believe these changes will have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued changes which simplified the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. The changes must be

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adopted no later than January 1, 2022, with early adoption permitted. Management has concluded that this standard will not have an impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Acquisitions and Dispositions

ESOL

On April 6, 2020 the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of ESOL, an established hazardous waste transportation, processing and services provider with a comprehensive portfolio of disposal solutions for customers primarily across the industrial, retail and healthcare markets from Stericycle, Inc. for $429.0 million of cash consideration, inclusive of post-closing adjustments. In addition, as part of the acquisition, the Company entered into a non-compete agreement with Stericycle, Inc.

The fair value recorded for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for ESOL is as follows:

	Final
(In millions)	April 6 2020		Measurement Period Adjustments		September 30 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	0.4	$	—	$	0.4
Trade accounts receivable	124.1		(1.5)		122.6
Inventory	5.0		—		5.0
Other current assets	0.7		(0.7)		—
Property, plant and equipment	105.3		(3.9)		101.4
Right-of-use assets	56.0		—		56.0
Goodwill	152.0		1.3		153.3
Intangible assets	161.0		—		161.0
Other assets	0.2		—		0.2
Accounts payable	(48.6)		(1.5)		(50.1)
Accrued expenses	(17.5)		(1.8)		(19.3)
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	(16.6)		—		(16.6)
Other current liabilities	(6.4)		(0.2)		(6.6)
Environmental liabilities	(24.4)		—		(24.4)
Deferred income taxes	(15.5)		(1.5)		(17.0)
Operating lease liabilities	(39.4)		—		(39.4)
Total identifiable net assets of ESOL	436.3		(9.8)		426.5
Non-compete agreement	2.5		—		2.5
Total identifiable net assets of ESOL, including non-compete agreement	$	438.8	$	(9.8)	$	429.0

The goodwill is primarily attributed to expected operational efficiencies and synergies from the expanded geographical scale of hazardous waste processing facilities resulting from combining the ESOL business with the existing Clean Earth business of the Company, as well as the value associated with the assembled workforce of ESOL. The Company expects $36.8 million of goodwill to be deductible for income tax purposes through 2030.

The following table details the valuation of identifiable intangible assets and amortization periods for ESOL and the non-compete agreement entered into by the Company upon acquisition of ESOL:

		Final
(Dollars in millions)	Weighted-Average Amortization Period	April 6 2020		Measurement Period Adjustments		September 30 2021
Permits and rights	22 years	$	138.0	$	—	$	138.0
Customer relationships	10 years	23.0		—		23.0
Total identifiable intangible assets of ESOL		161.0		—		161.0
Non-compete agreement	4 years	2.5		—		2.5
Total identifiable intangible assets acquired		$	163.5	$	—	$	163.5

The Company valued the identifiable intangible assets using methodologies under the income approach including the multi-period excess earnings method, the distributor method, and the with-and-without method.

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The three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 include ESOL direct acquisition and integration costs of $10.6 million and $41.0 million, respectively, which are included in the Selling, general and administrative expenses, within the Corporate function, in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition to the acquisition and integration costs reflected in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, the debt issuance costs associated with the issuance of debt to fund the acquisition are reflected, net of amortization subsequent to the acquisition date, as Long-term debt on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Clean Earth

On June 28, 2019, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding stock of Clean Earth, one of the largest U.S. providers of specialty waste processing and beneficial reuse solutions for hazardous wastes, contaminated materials and dredged volumes, for an enterprise valuation of approximately $625 million on a cash free, debt free basis, subject to normal working capital adjustments. The Company transferred approximately $628 million of cash consideration and agreed to reimburse the sellers for any usage of assumed net operating losses in a post-closing period for up to five years.

Pro forma financial information

The pro forma information below gives effect to the ESOL acquisition as if it had been completed on January 1, 2019. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the Company’s results of operations had the acquisition been completed on the above date, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results. The pro forma information does not reflect any cost savings from operating efficiencies or synergies that could result from the acquisition and does not reflect the additional revenue opportunities following the acquisition. The pro forma information below includes the adjustments necessary to reflect additional depreciation and amortization expense based on the estimated fair value and useful lives of intangible assets and fixed assets acquired; includes additional interest expense of approximately $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 on the acquisition related borrowings used to finance the acquisition and excludes certain directly attributable acquisition and integration costs. In addition, the historical ESOL results include $8.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 of corporate expenses charged to ESOL from Stericycle.

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30
(In millions)	2020
Pro forma revenues	$	1,486.2
Pro forma net income (loss) attributed to Harsco Corporation (including discontinued operations) (a)	1.0

(a) Pro forma net income includes the after tax gain on the sale of IKG of approximately $9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Harsco Industrial Segment

In January 2020 the Company sold IKG, and together with the 2019 sales of AXC and PK, this completed the divestiture of the former Harsco Industrial Segment originally announced in May 2019. The Harsco Industrial Segment has historically been a separate reportable segment with primary operations in North America and Latin America. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the results of the former Harsco Industrial Segment are presented as discontinued operations and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Certain key selected financial information included in net income (loss) from discontinued operations for the former Harsco Industrial Segment is as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Amounts for the former Harsco Industrial Segment:
Total revenues	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10,203
Cost of products sold	—		—		—		8,082
Gain on sale from discontinued business	—		—		—		18,371
Income (loss) from discontinued business	(856)		(716)		(2,859)		(593)
Additional amounts allocated to the former Harsco Industrial Segment:
Selling, general and administrative expenses (b)	$	856	$	521	$	2,859	$	1,710

(b) The Company has allocated directly attributable transaction costs to discontinued operations. In addition, this caption includes costs directly attributable to retained contingent liabilities of the Harsco Industrial Segment.

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4.    Accounts Receivable and Note Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of the following:

(In thousands)	September 30 2021		December 31 2020
Trade accounts receivable	$	434,295	$	414,891
Less: Allowance for expected credit losses	(8,398)		(7,501)
Trade accounts receivable, net	$	425,897	$	407,390
Other receivables (a)	$	39,454	$	34,253

(a) Other receivables include employee receivables, insurance receivable, tax claims and refunds and other miscellaneous items not included in Trade accounts receivable, net.

The provision for doubtful accounts related to trade accounts receivable was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
(Benefit) provision for expected credit losses and doubtful accounts related to trade accounts receivable	$	(145)	$	861	$	1,087	$	1,098

At September 30, 2021 approximately $12.0 million of the Company's trade accounts receivable were past due by twelve months or more. Approximately $7.2 million of this amount is effectively reserved, and collection of the remaining balance is still ultimately expected.

In January 2020 the Company sold IKG for $85.0 million including cash and a note receivable, subject to post-closing adjustments. The note receivable from the buyer has a face value of $40.0 million, bearing interest at 2.50%, that is paid in kind and matures on January 31, 2027. Any unpaid principal, along with any accrued but unpaid interest is payable at maturity. Prepayment is required in case of a change in control or a percentage of excess cash flow, as defined in the note receivable agreement. Because there are no scheduled payments under the terms of the note receivable, the balance is not classified as current as of September 30, 2021 and is included in the caption Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The initial fair value of the note receivable was $34.3 million which was calculated using an average of various discounted cash flow scenarios based on anticipated timing of repayments (Level 3) and was a non-cash transaction. The note receivable is subsequently measured at amortized cost. Key inputs into the valuation model include: projected timing and amount of cash flows, pro forma debt rating, option-adjusted spread and U.S. Treasury spot rate. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company received a payment of $6.4 million related to excess cash flow. At September 30, 2021 the amortized cost of the note receivable was $30.6 million, compared with a fair value of $31.8 million.

(In thousands)	September 30 2021		December 31 2020
Note receivable	$	30,631	$	35,806

5.    Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

(In thousands)	September 30 2021		December 31 2020
Finished goods	$	9,052	$	8,505
Work-in-process	23,793		29,005
Raw materials and purchased parts	95,156		105,306
Stores and supplies	35,071		30,197
Total inventories	$	163,072	$	173,013

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6.     Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	September 30 2021		December 31 2020
Land	$	75,469	$	75,559
Land improvements	19,730		20,166
Buildings and improvements	253,659		249,954
Machinery and equipment	1,564,936		1,597,592
Uncompleted construction	69,206		42,185
Gross property, plant and equipment	1,983,000		1,985,456
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(1,304,675)		(1,317,247)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	678,325	$	668,209

In the third quarter of 2020, a customer of the Harsco Environmental Segment in China ceased steel making operations at its steel mill site in order to relocate the operations to a new site, as a result of a government mandate to improve environmental conditions of the area. The Company will continue to provide services to the same customer at the new site. The net book value of the idled equipment associated with the previous location is approximately $20 million. The customer has entered into an agreement with the government where it will receive compensation for the losses the customer has incurred as a result of the forced shutdown. The Company has continued discussions with the customer regarding compensation, which are expected to be protracted. While the customer has initially indicated that they will not provide compensation, the Company disagrees with their interpretation and is evaluating its legal position in response. In addition, there may be other avenues of pursuing recovery, including seeking relief directly from the local government. At this point, considering the ongoing discussions with the customer, and other avenues, the Company believes it will recover the book value of the equipment and thus does not believe it has an asset impairment as of September 30, 2021. However, the Company will continue to evaluate changes in facts and circumstances and record any impairment charge when and if indicated.

7. Leases

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Finance leases:
Amortization expense	$	743	$	377	$	1,692	$	1,115
Interest on lease liabilities	129		43		340		139
Operating leases	8,554		8,558		25,296		21,745
Variable and short-term lease expense	12,756		11,572		38,952		29,169
Sublease income	(1)		(51)		(52)		(150)
Total lease expense from continuing operations	$	22,181	$	20,499	$	66,228	$	52,018

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Cash flows from operating activities - Operating leases	$	24,747	$	20,512
Cash flows from financing activities - Finance leases	1,978		997
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	29,190	$	62,507
Finance leases	5,911		1,613

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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows: 

(In thousands)	September 30 2021		December 31 2020
Operating Leases:
Operating lease ROU assets	$	98,841	$	96,849
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	25,112		24,862
Operating lease liabilities	72,090		69,860
Finance Leases:
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	12,508	$	8,434
Current maturities of long-term debt	2,724		1,683
Long-term debt	10,011		6,867

Supplemental additional information related to leases was as follows:

	September 30 2021		December 31 2020
Other information:
Weighted average remaining lease term - Operating leases (in years)	7.44		8.00
Weighted average remaining lease term - Finance leases (in years)	6.41		8.20
Weighted average discount rate - Operating leases	5.9	%	6.1	%
Weighted average discount rate - Finance leases	4.9	%	5.1	%

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

(In thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Year Ending December 31:
2021 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2021)	$	8,027	$	849
2022	28,602		3,220
2023	22,897		3,001
2024	16,537		2,615
2025	11,284		1,576
After 2025	36,936		3,754
Total lease payments	124,283		15,015
Less: Imputed interest	(27,081)		(2,280)
Total	$	97,202	$	12,735

The Company's leases, excluding short-term leases, have remaining terms of less than one year to 29 years, some of which include options to extend for up to 10 years, and some of which include options to terminate within one year. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had additional operating leases for property and equipment that had not yet commenced with estimated operating lease obligations of approximately $11.8 million to recognize upon anticipated lease commencement in the fourth quarter of 2021 through the second quarter of 2022. There are no material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants in any of the Company's leases.

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8.     Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table reflects the changes in carrying amounts of goodwill by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

(In thousands)	Harsco Environmental Segment		Harsco Clean Earth Segment		Harsco Rail Segment		Consolidated Totals
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	406,401	$	482,647	$	13,026	$	902,074
Changes to goodwill (a)	—		1,232		—		1,232
Foreign currency translation	(6,578)		—		—		(6,578)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	399,823	$	483,879	$	13,026	$	896,728

(a) The changes to goodwill relate to the measurement period adjustments for the ESOL acquisition in the Harsco Clean Earth Segment. See Note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions.

The Company tests for goodwill impairment annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, or if a decision is made to dispose of a business.  The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 and monitors for triggering events on an ongoing basis.  The Company determined that, as of September 30, 2021, no interim goodwill impairment testing was necessary. 

The Company has concluded that no triggering event occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021. However, an economic downturn could impact the Company's future projected cash flows used to estimate fair value, and/or result in a sustained decrease in the Company's share price, which could indicate an impairment.

Intangible assets, net, on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following:

	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Customer related	$	108,226	$	53,757	$	109,378	$	48,057
Permits	308,998		30,856		308,705		18,955
Technology related	39,604		12,363		40,274		9,654
Trade names	31,876		6,797		31,949		4,834
Air rights	26,139		1,561		26,139		1,044
Patents	185		140		192		139
Non-compete Agreement	2,500		937		2,500		469
Other	3,896		1,475		3,911		1,331
Total	$	521,424	$	107,886	$	523,048	$	84,483

Amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Amortization expense for intangible assets	$	8,115	$	8,272	$	24,514	$	22,542

The estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years based on current intangible assets is as follows:

(In thousands)	2021		2022		2023		2024		2025
Estimated amortization expense (b)	$	32,900	$	32,400	$	32,300	$	31,800	$	31,600

(b)     These estimated amortization expense amounts do not reflect the potential effect of future foreign currency exchange fluctuations.

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9. Debt and Credit Agreements

On March 10, 2021, the Company amended its Senior Secured Credit Facilities to, among other things, extend the maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility to March 10, 2026, and to modify aspects of its total net leverage ratio covenant. The interest rate applicable to the Revolving Credit Facility bears interest at a rate, depending on total net leverage, ranging from 50 to 150 basis points over base rate or 150 to 250 basis points over LIBOR, subject to a zero floor.

Under the amended agreement, the net debt to consolidated adjusted EBITDA ratio covenant is 5.75 through the end of 2021 and then decreases quarterly until reaching 4.0 in March 2023.

In addition, the Company issued New Term Loans, as an additional tranche, under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities in an aggregate principal amount of $500 million. The New Term Loans bear interest at a rate per annum of 1.25% over base rate, subject to a zero floor, or 2.25% over LIBOR, subject to a 0.50% floor. The New Term Loans are subject to quarterly amortization of principal of 0.25%, beginning September 30, 2021. The proceeds of the New Term Loans were used to repay in full the outstanding Term Loan A and Term Loan B under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, which were due on June 28, 2024 and December 8, 2024, respectively. The New Term Loans mature on March 10, 2028, or earlier, on the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity date of the Company’s 5.75% Senior Notes due 2027 if such Senior Notes are outstanding or have not been refinanced at such time.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized total expenses of $0.2 million and $5.5 million related to the amended Senior Secured Credit Facilities in the caption Unused debt commitment fees, amendment fees and loss on extinguishment of debt on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, including a write-off of $2.7 million of previously recorded deferred financing costs. The Company has capitalized fees of $7.8 million related to the amendment of the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, all of which were paid as of September 30, 2021.

Long-term debt consists of the following:

(In thousands)	September 30 2021		December 31 2020
Senior Secured Credit Facilities:
New Term Loan	$	498,750	$	—
Term Loan A	—		280,000
Term Loan B	—		218,188
Revolving Credit Facility	338,486		281,000
5.75% Notes, due July 31, 2027	500,000		500,000
Other financing payable (including finance leases) in varying amounts	24,406		21,344
Total debt obligations	1,361,642		1,300,532
Less: deferred financing costs	(18,887)		(15,767)
Total debt obligations, net of deferred financing costs	1,342,755		1,284,765
Less: current maturities of long-term debt	(9,181)		(13,576)
Long-term debt	$	1,333,574	$	1,271,189

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10.  Employee Benefit Plans

	Three Months Ended
	September 30
Defined Benefit Pension Plans Net Periodic Pension Cost (Benefit)	U.S. Plans				International Plans
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Service costs	$	—	$	—	$	489	$	448
Interest costs	1,203		1,845		3,184		4,474
Expected return on plan assets	(3,050)		(2,842)		(11,303)		(10,405)
Recognized prior service costs	—		—		125		113
Recognized loss	1,384		1,225		4,538		3,737
Defined benefit pension plans net periodic pension cost (benefit)	$	(463)	$	228	$	(2,967)	$	(1,633)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30
Defined Benefit Pension Plans Net Periodic Pension Cost (Benefit)	U.S. Plans				International Plans
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Service costs	$	—	$	—	$	1,482	$	1,303
Interest costs	3,609		5,535		9,619		13,104
Expected return on plan assets	(9,150)		(8,526)		(34,181)		(30,428)
Recognized prior service costs	—		—		381		326
Recognized loss	4,154		3,875		13,723		10,924
Defined benefit pension plans net periodic pension cost (benefit)	$	(1,387)	$	884	$	(8,976)	$	(4,771)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
Company Contributions	September 30				September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Defined benefit pension plans (U.S.)	$	451	$	453	$	3,768	$	2,940
Defined benefit pension plans (International)	4,549		2,682		21,472		14,235
Multiemployer pension plans	429		390		1,311		1,178
Defined contribution pension plans	2,974		2,870		9,507		7,936

The Company's estimate of expected contributions to be paid during the remainder of 2021 for the U.S. and international defined benefit pension plans is $0.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively.

11.     Income Taxes 

Income tax expense from continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $7.0 million and $19.8 million, respectively. Income tax benefit from continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $1.7 million and $4.6 million, respectively. The change in the income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the income tax benefit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 is the result of higher pre-tax income, primarily due to an improvement in operations, acquisition and integration costs in 2020 not recurring in 2021, and a $2.8 million favorable income tax adjustment in connection with an increase in estimated usage of assumed net operating losses related to the Clean Earth acquisition in 2020 not recurring in 2021.

The reserve for uncertain tax positions at September 30, 2021 was $4.3 million, including interest and penalties.  Within the next twelve months, it is reasonably possible that $0.3 million unrecognized income tax benefits will be recognized upon settlement of tax examinations and the expiration of various statutes of limitations.

12.   Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental        

The Company is involved in a number of environmental remediation investigations and cleanups and, along with other companies, has been identified as a “potentially responsible party” for certain byproduct disposal sites.  While each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties, it is probable that the Company will agree to make payments toward funding certain of these activities, and it is possible that some of these matters will be decided unfavorably to the Company.  The Company has evaluated its potential liability and its financial exposure is dependent upon such factors as the continuing evolution of

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environmental laws and regulatory requirements, the availability and application of technology, the allocation of cost among potentially responsible parties, the years of remedial activity required and the remediation methods selected. 

The Company evaluates its liability for future environmental remediation costs on a quarterly basis. Although actual costs to be incurred at identified sites in future periods may vary from the estimates (given inherent uncertainties in evaluating environmental exposures), the Company does not expect that any costs that are reasonably possible to be incurred by the Company in connection with environmental matters in excess of the amounts accrued would have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The following table summarizes information related to the location and undiscounted amount of the Company's environmental liabilities:

(In thousands)	September 30 2021		December 31 2020
Current portion of environmental liabilities (a)	$	7,005	$	6,933
Long-term environmental liabilities	28,589		29,424
Total environmental liabilities	$	35,594	$	36,357

(a)    The current portion of environmental liabilities is included in the caption Other current liabilities on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Environmental liabilities relate primarily to the ESOL business which was acquired on April 6, 2020. As part of the ESOL acquisition, the Company assumed control of certain closed sites that were being monitored as part of ongoing environmental remediation plans. See Note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions, for additional details.

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the company is a defendant or party to various claims and lawsuits, including those discussed below.

On January 27, 2020, the U.S. EPA issued a Notice of Potential Liability to the Company, along with several other companies, concerning the Newtown Creek Superfund Site located in Kings and Queens Counties in New York. The Notice alleges certain facilities formerly owned or operated by subsidiaries of the Company may have resulted in the discharge of hazardous substances into Newtown Creek or its Dutch Kills tributary. The site has been subject to CERCLA response activities since approximately 2011. The U.S. EPA expects to propose a sitewide cleanup plan no sooner than 2024 and announced in July 2021 that it would defer its decision on a potential early action response for the lower two miles of the Creek until the sitewide studies are completed. The Company is one of approximately twenty (20) Potentially Responsible Parties that have received notices, though it is believed other PRPs may exist. The Company vigorously contests the allegations of the Notice and currently does not believe that this matter will have a material effect on the Company’s financial position.

On June 25 and 26, 2018, the DTSC conducted a compliance enforcement inspection of ESOL’s facility in Rancho Cordova, California, which was then owned by Stericycle, Inc. On February 14, 2020, the DTSC filed an action in the Superior Court for the State of California, Sacramento Division, alleging violations of California’s Hazardous Waste Control Law and the facility’s hazardous waste permit arising from the inspection. On August 27, 2020 the DTSC issued a Notice of Denial of Hazardous Waste Facility Permit Application. On September 25, 2020, the Company filed an administrative appeal. On September 28, 2021, DTSC scheduled a public hearing on October 28, 2021 as part of its Violation Scoring Procedure (VSP) program to hear testimony on the compliance tier assignment assigned to the facility. The Company would have the ability to judicially challenge any adverse permit actions resulting from this process. The DTSC investigation and compliance issues leading to the compliance tier assignment were ongoing well before the Company's acquisition of the ESOL business, and the Company was aware of the investigation and many of the issues raised in the investigation at the time of the purchase. Accordingly, the Company is indemnified for certain fines and other costs and expenses associated with this matter by Stericycle, Inc. As a result, the administrative appeal and public hearing process will be led by Stericycle, Inc. The Company has not accrued any amounts in respect of these alleged violations and cannot estimate the reasonably possible loss or the range of reasonably possible losses that it may incur.

As previously disclosed, the Company has had ongoing meetings with the SCE over processing salt cakes, a processing byproduct, stored at the Al Hafeerah site. The Company’s Bahrain operations that produced the salt cakes has ceased operations. An Environmental Impact Assessment and Technical Feasibility Study for facilities to process the salt cakes was approved by the SCE during the first quarter of 2018. Commissioning of the facilities was completed during the third quarter of 2021 and the processing of the salt cakes has commenced. The Company has previously established a reserve of $7.0 million,

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which represents the Company's best estimate of the ultimate costs to be incurred to resolve this matter. The Company continues to evaluate this reserve and any future change in estimated costs could be material to the Company’s results of operations in any one period.

On July 27, 2018 Brazil’s Federal and Rio de Janeiro State Public Prosecution Offices (MPF and MPE) filed a Civil Public Action against one of the Company's customers (CSN), the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary, the Municipality of Volta Redonda, Brazil, and the Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (local environmental protection agency) seeking the implementation of various measures to limit and reduce the accumulation of customer-owned slag at the site in Brazil. On August 6, 2018 the 3rd Federal Court in Volta Redonda granted the MPF and MPE an injunction against the same parties requiring, among other things, CSN and the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary to limit the volume of slag sent to the site. Because the customer owns the site and the slag located on the site, the Company believes that complying with this injunction is the steel producer’s responsibility.  On March 18, 2019 the Court issued an order fining the Company 5,000 Brazilian reais per day (or approximately $1 thousand per day) and CSN 20,000 Brazilian reais per day (or approximately $4 thousand per day) until the requirements of the injunction are met. On November 1, 2019 the Court issued an additional order increasing the fines assessed to the Company to 25,000 Brazilian reais per day (or approximately $5 thousand per day) and raising the fines assessed to CSN to 100,000 Brazilian reais per day (or approximately $18 thousand per day). The Court also assessed an additional fine of 10,000,000 Brazilian reais (or approximately $2 million) against CSN and the Company jointly. The Company is appealing the fines and the underlying injunction.  Both the Company and CSN continue to have discussions with the governmental authorities on the injunction and the possible resolution of the underlying case. The Company does not believe that a loss relating to this matter is probable or estimable at this point.

On October 19, 2018, local environmental authorities issued an enforcement action against the Company concerning the Company’s operations at a customer site in Ijmuiden, Netherlands. The enforcement action alleges violations of the Company’s environmental permit at the site, which restricts the release of any visible dust emissions. The enforcement action ordered the Company to cease all violations of the permit by October 31, 2018. The authorities have issued three additional enforcement actions since that time and have asserted fines of approximately $0.7 million which the Company has recorded, with the possibility of additional fines for any future violations. On or about October 14, 2021, the Company received a subpoena and two indictments on this matter before the Amsterdam District Court in the Netherlands. The Amsterdam Public Prosecutor’s Office issued the two indictments against the Company, alleging violations of Dutch environmental and criminal law in connection with dust releases and/or events alleged to have occurred in 2018 through May 2020 at the site. The indictments cite provisions which permit fines for the alleged infractions, although no specific fine is listed in the indictment. The Company is vigorously contesting the enforcement action and criminal charges and is also working with its customer to ensure the control of emissions. The Company has contractual indemnity rights from its customer that it believes will substantially cover any fines or penalties.

DEA Investigation

Prior to the Company’s acquisition of ESOL, Stericycle, Inc notified the Company that the DEA had served an administrative subpoena on Stericycle, Inc. and executed a search warrant at a facility in Rancho Cordova, California and an administrative inspection warrant at a facility in Indianapolis, Indiana. The Company has determined that the DEA and the DTSC have launched investigations involving, at least in part, the ESOL business of collecting, transporting, and destroying controlled substances from retail customers that transferred from Stericycle, Inc. to the Company. In connection with these investigations, the DEA also executed a search warrant on an ESOL facility in Austin Texas on July 2, 2020. The Company is cooperating with these inquiries, which relate primarily to the period before the Company owned the ESOL business. Since the acquisition of the ESOL business, the Company has performed a vigorous review of ESOL’s compliance program related to controlled substances and has made material changes to the manner in which controlled substances are transported from retail customers to DEA-registered facilities for destruction. The Company has not accrued any amounts in respect of these investigations and cannot estimate the reasonably possible loss or the range of reasonably possible losses that it may incur, if any. Investigations of this type are, by their nature, uncertain and unpredictable. While it is the Company’s position that it has recourse for some or all liabilities, if any, that arise from these matters under the ESOL purchase agreement and representations and warranties insurance policies purchased by the Company, there can be no assurances that the Company’s position will ultimately prevail.

Brazilian Tax Disputes

The Company is involved in a number of tax disputes with federal, state and municipal tax authorities in Brazil. These disputes are at various stages of the legal process, including the administrative review phase and the collection action phase, and include assessments of fixed amounts of principal and penalties, plus interest charges that increase at statutorily determined amounts per month and are assessed on the aggregate amount of the principal and penalties. In addition, the losing party, at the collection action or court of appeals phase, could be subject to a charge to cover statutorily mandated legal fees, which are generally calculated as a percentage of the total assessed amounts due, inclusive of penalty and interest. Many of the claims

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relate to ICMS, services and social security tax disputes. The largest proportion of the assessed amounts relate to ICMS claims filed by the SPRA, encompassing the period from January 2002 to May 2005.

In October 2009, the Company received notification of the SPRA’s final administrative decision regarding the levying of ICMS in the State of São Paulo in relation to services provided to a customer in the State between January 2004 and May 2005.  As of September 30, 2021 the principal amount of the tax assessment from the SPRA with regard to this case is approximately $1.1 million, with penalty, interest and fees assessed to date increasing such amount by an additional $15.8 million.  On June 4, 2018 the Appellate Court of the State of Sao Paulo ruled in favor of the SPRA but ruled that the assessed penalty should be reduced to approximately $1.1 million. After calculating the interest accrued on the penalty, the Company estimates that this ruling reduces the current overall potential liability for this case to approximately $6.7 million. All such amounts include the effect of foreign currency translation. The Company has appealed the ruling in favor of the SPRA to the Superior Court of Justice. Due to multiple court precedents in the Company’s favor, as well as the Company’s ability to appeal, the Company does not believe a loss is probable.

Another ICMS tax case involving the SPRA refers to the tax period from January 2002 to December 2003. In December 2018 the administrative tribunal hearing the case upheld the Company's liability. The Company has appealed to the judicial phase. The aggregate amount assessed by the tax authorities in August 2005 was $4.7 million (the amounts with regard to this claim are valued as of the date of the assessment since it has not yet reached the collection phase), composed of a principal amount of $1.1 million, with penalty and interest assessed through that date increasing such amount by an additional $3.6 million.  On December 6, 2018 the administrative tribunal reduced the applicable penalties to $0.8 million. After calculating the interest accrued on the current penalty, the Company estimates that the current overall liability for this case to be approximately $5.2 million. All such amounts include the effect of foreign currency translation. Due to multiple court precedents in the Company's favor, the Company does not believe a loss is probable.

The Company continues to believe that sufficient coverage for these claims exists as a result of the indemnification obligations of the Company's customer and such customer’s pledge of assets in connection with the October 2009 notice, as required by Brazilian law.

On December 30, 2020, the Company received an assessment from the municipal authority in Ipatinga, Brazil alleging approximately $2.0 million in unpaid service taxes from the period 2015 to 2020. After calculating the interest and penalties accrued, the Company estimates that the current overall potential liability for this case to be approximately $3.3 million. On January 18, 2021, the Company filed a challenge to the assessment. Due to the multiple defenses that are available, the Company does not believe a loss is probable.

The Company intends to continue its practice of vigorously defending itself against these tax claims under various alternatives, including judicial appeal. The Company will continue to evaluate its potential liability with regard to these claims on a quarterly basis; however, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these tax-related disputes in Brazil. No loss provision has been recorded in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements for the disputes described above because the loss contingency is not deemed probable, and the Company does not expect that any costs that are reasonably possible to be incurred by the Company in connection with Brazilian tax disputes would have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Brazilian Labor Disputes

The Company is subject to ongoing collective bargaining and individual labor claims in Brazil through the Harsco Environmental Segment which allege, among other things, the Company's failure to pay required amounts for overtime and vacation at certain sites. The Company is vigorously defending itself against these claims; however, litigation is inherently unpredictable, particularly in foreign jurisdictions. While the Company does not currently expect that the ultimate resolution of these claims will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these labor-related disputes. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 the Company has established reserves of $3.5 million and $4.3 million, respectively, on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for amounts considered to be probable and estimable.

Other

The Company is named as one of many defendants (approximately 90 or more in most cases) in legal actions in the U.S. alleging personal injury from exposure to airborne asbestos over the past several decades.  In their suits, the plaintiffs have named as defendants, among others, many manufacturers, distributors and installers of numerous types of equipment or products that allegedly contained asbestos.

The Company believes that the claims against it are without merit. The Company has never been a producer, manufacturer or processor of asbestos fibers. Any asbestos-containing part of a Company product used in the past was purchased from a

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supplier and the asbestos encapsulated in other materials such that airborne exposure, if it occurred, was not harmful and is not associated with the types of injuries alleged in the pending actions.

At September 30, 2021 there were approximately 17,200 pending asbestos personal injury actions filed against the Company.  Of those actions, approximately 16,610 were filed in the New York Supreme Court (New York County), approximately 120 were filed in other New York State Supreme Court Counties and approximately 470 were filed in courts located in other states.

The complaints in most of those actions generally follow a form that contains a standard damages demand of $20 million or $25 million, regardless of the individual plaintiff’s alleged medical condition, and without identifying any specific Company product.

At September 30, 2021 approximately 16,550 of the actions filed in New York Supreme Court (New York County) were on the Deferred/Inactive Docket created by the court in December 2002 for all pending and future asbestos actions filed by persons who cannot demonstrate that they have a malignant condition or discernible physical impairment. The remaining approximately 60 cases in New York County are pending on the Active or In Extremis Docket created for plaintiffs who can demonstrate a malignant condition or physical impairment.

The Company has liability insurance coverage under various primary and excess policies that the Company believes will be available, if necessary, to substantially cover any liability that might ultimately be incurred in the asbestos actions referred to above. The costs and expenses of the asbestos actions are being paid by the Company's insurers.

In view of the persistence of asbestos litigation in the U.S., the Company expects to continue to receive additional claims in the future. The Company intends to continue its practice of vigorously defending these claims and cases. At September 30, 2021 the Company has obtained dismissal in approximately 28,350 cases by stipulation or summary judgment prior to trial.

It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of asbestos-related actions in the U.S. due to the unpredictable nature of this litigation, and no loss provision has been recorded in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements because a loss contingency is not deemed probable or estimable. Despite this uncertainty, and although results of operations and cash flows for a given period could be adversely affected by asbestos-related actions, the Company does not expect that any costs that are reasonably possible to be incurred by the Company in connection with asbestos litigation would have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company is subject to various other claims and legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters that arose in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, all such matters are adequately covered by insurance or by established reserves, and, if not so covered, are without merit or are of such kind, or involve such amounts, as would not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

Insurance liabilities are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred for a particular event and the amount of loss associated with the event can be reasonably estimated. Insurance reserves have been estimated based primarily upon actuarial calculations and reflect the undiscounted estimated liabilities for ultimate losses, including claims incurred but not reported. Inherent in these estimates are assumptions that are based on the Company's history of claims and losses, a detailed analysis of existing claims with respect to potential value, and current legal and legislative trends. If actual claims differ from those projected by management, changes (either increases or decreases) to insurance reserves may be required and would be recorded through income in the period the change was determined. When a recognized liability is covered by third-party insurance, the Company records an insurance claim receivable to reflect the covered liability. Insurance claim receivables are included in Other receivables on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for additional information on Accrued insurance and loss reserves.

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13.  Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Shares

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Harsco Corporation common stockholders	$	8,696	$	(7,843)	$	24,621	$	(27,375)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic	79,287		79,000		79,214		78,916
Dilutive effect of stock-based compensation	988		—		1,142		—
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted	80,275		79,000		80,356		78,916
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations per common share, attributable to Harsco Corporation common stockholders:
Basic	$	0.11	$	(0.10)	$	0.31	$	(0.35)
Diluted	$	0.11	$	(0.10)	$	0.31	$	(0.35)

The following average outstanding stock-based compensation units were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect was either antidilutive or the market conditions for the performance share units were not met:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30		September 30
(In thousands)	2021	2020	2021	2020
Restricted stock units	—	691	—	723
Stock appreciation rights	842	2,383	719	2,499
Performance share units	1,004	857	902	894

14.   Derivative Instruments, Hedging Activities and Fair Value

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company uses derivative instruments, including foreign currency exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps and CCIRs, to manage certain foreign currency and interest rate exposures.  Derivative instruments are viewed as risk management tools by the Company and are not used for trading or speculative purposes. All derivative instruments are recorded on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value.  The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risks, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

The Company primarily applies the market approach for recurring fair value measurements and endeavors to utilize the best available information.  Accordingly, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs, such as forward rates, interest rates, the Company’s credit risk and counterparties’ credit risks, and which minimize the use of unobservable inputs.  The Company is able to classify fair value balances based on the ability to observe those inputs.  Foreign currency exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps and CCIRs are based upon pricing models using market-based inputs (Level 2).  Model inputs can be verified and valuation techniques do not involve significant management judgment.

The fair value of outstanding derivative contracts recorded as assets and liabilities on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows:

(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments		Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments		Total Fair Value
September 30, 2021
Asset derivatives (Level 2):
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts	Other current assets	$	930	$	8,718	$	9,648
Total		$	930	$	8,718	$	9,648

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(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments		Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments		Total Fair Value
Liability derivatives (Level 2):
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts	Other current liabilities	$	851	$	866	$	1,717
Interest rate swaps	Other current liabilities	4,068		—		4,068
Interest rate swaps	Other liabilities	1,053		—		1,053
Total		$	5,972	$	866	$	6,838
December 31, 2020
Asset derivatives (Level 2):
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts	Other current assets	$	900	$	2,777	$	3,677
Total		$	900	$	2,777	$	3,677
Liability derivatives (Level 2):
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts	Other current liabilities	$	950	$	4,098	$	5,048
Interest rate swaps	Other current liabilities	3,959		—		3,959
Interest rate swaps	Other liabilities	3,718		—		3,718
Total		$	8,627	$	4,098	$	12,725

All of the Company's derivatives are recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at gross amounts and not offset. All of the Company's interest rate swaps, CCIRs and certain foreign currency exchange forward contracts are transacted under ISDA documentation. Each ISDA master agreement permits the net settlement of amounts owed in the event of default. The Company's derivative assets and liabilities subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, if offset, would have resulted in a $1.3 million net liability at September 30, 2021 and at December 31, 2020 would not have resulted in a net asset or liability.

The effect of derivative instruments on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) was as follows:

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

	Amount Recognized in OCI on Derivatives				Location of Amount Reclassified from  AOCI into Income	Amount Reclassified from AOCI into Income - Effective Portion or Equity
	Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
	September 30					September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020			2021		2020
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts	$	611	$	(1,244)	Product revenues	$	(418)	$	174
Interest rate swaps	(27)		(95)		Interest expense	872		739
CCIRs (a)	—		(24)		Interest expense	—		312
	$	584	$	(1,363)		$	454	$	1,225

	Amount Recognized in OCI on Derivatives				Location of Amount Reclassified from AOCI into Income	Amount Reclassified from AOCI into Income - Effective Portion or Equity
	Nine Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30					September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020			2021		2020
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts	$	170	$	834	Product revenues	$	(465)	$	(1,562)
Interest rate swaps	(41)		(3,835)		Interest expense	2,599		1,849
CCIRs (a)	—		39		Interest expense	—		912
	$	129	$	(2,962)		$	2,134	$	1,199

(a)    Amounts represent changes in foreign currency translation related to balances in AOCI.

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The location and amount of gain (loss) recognized on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30
	2021				2020
(in thousands)	Product Revenues		Interest Expense		Product Revenues		Interest Expense
Total amounts of line items presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded	$	105,677	$	(16,004)	$	124,892	$	(15,794)
Interest rate swaps:
Gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income	—		(872)		—		(739)
Foreign exchange contracts:
Gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income	418		—		(174)		—
Amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on changes in fair value	24		—		12		—
Amount excluded from the effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on an amortization approach	(1)		—		3		—
CCIRs:
Loss reclassified from AOCI into income	—		—		—		(312)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30
	2021				2020
(in thousands)	Product Revenues		Interest Expense		Product Revenues		Interest Expense
Total amounts of line items presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded	$	343,171	$	(48,854)	$	333,782	$	(43,396)
Interest rate swaps:
Gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income	—		(2,599)		—		(1,849)
Foreign exchange contracts:
Gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income	465		—		1,562		—
Amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on changes in fair value	62		—		208		—
Amount excluded from the effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on an amortization approach	(1)		—		24		—
CCIRs:
Loss reclassified from AOCI into income	—		—		—		(912)

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives (b)
		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30				September 30
(In thousands)		2021		2020		2021		2020
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts	Cost of services and products sold	$	4,105	$	(12,279)	$	8,109	$	(5,001)

(b)      These gains (losses) offset amounts recognized in cost of services and products sold principally as a result of intercompany or third party foreign currency         

exposures.

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Foreign Currency Exchange Forward Contracts

The Company conducts business in multiple currencies and, accordingly, is subject to the inherent risks associated with foreign exchange rate movements.  Foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates existing at the respective consolidated balance sheet dates, and income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates during the respective periods. 

The Company uses derivative instruments to hedge cash flows related to foreign currency fluctuations.  Foreign currency exchange forward contracts outstanding are part of a worldwide program to minimize foreign currency exchange operating income and balance sheet exposure by offsetting foreign currency exposures of certain future payments between the Company and various subsidiaries, suppliers or customers.  The unsecured contracts are with major financial institutions.  The Company may be exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the contract counterparties.  The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of the counterparties and does not expect default by them.  Foreign currency exchange forward contracts are used to hedge commitments, such as foreign currency debt, firm purchase commitments and foreign currency cash flows for certain export sales transactions.

Changes in the fair value of derivatives used to hedge foreign currency denominated balance sheet items are reported directly in earnings, along with offsetting transaction gains and losses on the items being hedged.  Derivatives used to hedge forecasted cash flows associated with foreign currency commitments may be accounted for as cash flow hedges, as deemed appropriate, if the criteria for hedge accounting are met.  Gains and losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are deferred in AOCI, a separate component of equity, and reclassified to earnings in a manner that matches the timing of the earnings impact of the hedged transactions.  The ineffective portion of all hedges, if any, is recognized currently in earnings.

The recognized gains and losses offset amounts recognized in cost of services and products sold principally as a result of intercompany or third-party foreign currency exposures. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 the notional amounts of foreign currency exchange forward contracts were $363.2 million and $460.5 million, respectively. These contracts are primarily denominated in British Pound Sterling and Euros and mature through March 2023.

In addition to foreign currency exchange forward contracts, the Company designates certain loans as hedges of net investments in international subsidiaries.  The Company recorded pre-tax net losses of $3.7 million and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively and pre-tax net gains of $4.6 million and pre-tax net losses of $7.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, in AOCI.

Interest Rate Swaps

The Company uses interest rate swaps in conjunction with certain variable rate debt issuances in order to secure a fixed interest rate.  Changes in the fair value attributed to the effect of the swaps’ interest spread and changes in the credit worthiness of the counter-parties are recorded in AOCI. 

At September 30, 2021, the Company has entered into a series of interest rate swaps that are in effect through 2022 and have the effect of converting $200.0 million of the Term Loan Facility from floating-rate to fixed-rate.  The fixed rates provided by the swaps replace the adjusted LIBOR rate in the interest calculation, ranging from 2.71% for 2021 to 3.12% for 2022.

Cross-Currency Interest Rate Swaps

The Company may use CCIRs in conjunction with certain debt issuances in order to secure a fixed local currency interest rate. Under these CCIRs, the Company receives interest based on a fixed or floating U.S. dollar rate and pays interest on a fixed local currency rate based on the contractual amounts in dollars and the local currency, respectively. At maturity, there is also the payment of principal amounts between currencies. Changes in the fair value attributed to the effect of the swaps' interest spread and changes in the credit worthiness of the counter-parties are recorded in AOCI. Changes in value attributed to the effect of foreign currency fluctuations are recorded on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and offset currency fluctuation effects on the debt principal. The Company had no outstanding CCIRs at September 30, 2021.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these assets and liabilities.  At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 the total fair value of long-term debt (excluding deferred financing costs), including current maturities, was $1,378.5 million and $1,324.9 million, respectively, compared with a carrying value of $1,361.6 million and $1,300.5 million, respectively.  Fair values for debt are based on pricing models using market-based inputs (Level 2) for similar issues or on the current rates offered to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities.

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15. Review of Operations by Segment 

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues From Continuing Operations (a)
Harsco Environmental	$	269,901	$	222,507	$	800,433	$	668,057
Harsco Clean Earth	200,484		194,098		585,891		434,489
Harsco Rail	73,916		92,793		256,652		252,974
Total Revenues From Continuing Operations	$	544,301	$	509,398	$	1,642,976	$	1,355,520
Operating Income (Loss) From Continuing Operations (a)
Harsco Environmental	$	27,630	$	12,317	$	83,788	$	36,400
Harsco Clean Earth	9,893		8,902		20,457		12,945
Harsco Rail	1,957		4,059		15,533		19,162
Corporate	(9,560)		(20,214)		(28,815)		(58,694)
Total Operating Income From Continuing Operations	$	29,920	$	5,064	$	90,963	$	9,813
Depreciation (a)
Harsco Environmental	$	27,179	$	25,588	$	78,446	$	75,626
Harsco Clean Earth	4,576		5,010		14,818		12,769
Harsco Rail	1,233		1,258		3,651		3,730
Corporate	491		497		1,468		1,531
Total Depreciation	$	33,479	$	32,353	$	98,383	$	93,656
Amortization (a)
Harsco Environmental	$	1,997	$	1,970	$	6,080	$	5,827
Harsco Clean Earth	6,033		6,218		18,179		16,463
Harsco Rail	84		85		254		252
Corporate (b)	657		776		2,041		2,179
Total Amortization	$	8,771	$	9,049	$	26,554	$	24,721
Capital Expenditures (a)
Harsco Environmental	$	34,218	$	21,700	$	94,630	$	65,102
Harsco Clean Earth	5,707		2,647		12,962		7,134
Harsco Rail	529		3,474		1,329		6,310
Corporate	407		62		586		444
Total Capital Expenditures	$	40,861	$	27,883	$	109,507	$	78,990

(a)     The Company's acquisition of ESOL closed on April 6, 2020. See Note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions, for additional details.

(b)     Amortization expense on Corporate relates to the amortization of deferred financing costs.

Reconciliation of Segment Operating Income to Income (Loss) From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes and Equity Income

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Segment operating income	$	39,480	$	25,278	$	119,778	$	68,507
General Corporate expense	(9,560)		(20,214)		(28,815)		(58,694)
Operating income from continuing operations	29,920		5,064		90,963		9,813
Interest income	618		604		1,841		1,613
Interest expense	(16,004)		(15,794)		(48,854)		(43,396)
Unused debt commitment fees, amendment fees and loss on extinguishment of debt	(198)		—		(5,506)		(1,920)
Defined benefit pension income	3,906		1,859		11,833		5,171
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity income	$	18,242	$	(8,267)	$	50,277	$	(28,719)

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16. Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenues to depict the transfer of promised services and products to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services or products. Service revenues include the Harsco Clean Earth Segment and the service components of the Harsco Environmental and Harsco Rail Segments. Product revenues include portions of the Harsco Environmental and Harsco Rail Segments.

A summary of the Company's revenues by primary geographical markets as well as by key product and service groups is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2021
(In thousands)	Harsco Environmental Segment		Harsco Clean Earth Segment		Harsco Rail Segment		Consolidated Totals
Primary Geographical Markets (a) (b):
North America	$	71,479	$	200,484	$	48,553	$	320,516
Western Europe	106,859		—		16,915		123,774
Latin America (c)	35,072		—		693		35,765
Asia-Pacific	30,228		—		7,755		37,983
Middle East and Africa	20,804		—		—		20,804
Eastern Europe	5,459		—		—		5,459
Total Revenues	$	269,901	$	200,484	$	73,916	$	544,301
Key Product and Service Groups (a):
Environmental services related to resource recovery for metals manufacturing and related logistical services	$	230,340	$	—	$	—	$	230,340
Applied products	36,091		—		—		36,091
Environmental systems for aluminum dross and scrap processing	3,470		—		—		3,470
Railway track maintenance equipment	—		—		33,553		33,553
After market parts and services; safety and diagnostic technology	—		—		33,030		33,030
Railway contracting services	—		—		7,333		7,333
Waste processing, recycling, reuse and transportation solutions	—		200,484		—		200,484
Total Revenues	$	269,901	$	200,484	$	73,916	$	544,301

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2020
(In thousands)	Harsco Environmental Segment		Harsco Clean Earth Segment		Harsco Rail Segment		Consolidated Totals
Primary Geographical Markets (a) (b):
North America	$	58,973	$	194,098	$	62,805	$	315,876
Western Europe	92,506		—		21,416		113,922
Latin America (c)	29,085		—		412		29,497
Asia-Pacific	22,079		—		8,160		30,239
Middle East and Africa	15,558		—		—		15,558
Eastern Europe	4,306		—		—		4,306
Total Revenues	$	222,507	$	194,098	$	92,793	$	509,398
Key Product and Service Groups (a):
Environmental services related to resource recovery for metals manufacturing and related logistical services	$	181,867	$	—	$	—	$	181,867
Applied products	38,166		—		—		38,166
Environmental systems for aluminum dross and scrap processing	2,474		—		—		2,474
Railway track maintenance equipment	—		—		55,493		55,493
After market parts and services; safety and diagnostic technology	—		—		29,100		29,100
Railway contracting services	—		—		8,200		8,200

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	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2020
(In thousands)	Harsco Environmental Segment		Harsco Clean Earth Segment		Harsco Rail Segment		Consolidated Totals
Waste processing, recycling, reuse and transportation solutions	—		194,098		—		194,098
Total Revenues	$	222,507	$	194,098	$	92,793	$	509,398

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2021
(In thousands)	Harsco Environmental Segment		Harsco Clean Earth Segment		Harsco Rail Segment		Consolidated Totals
Primary Geographical Markets (a) (b):
North America	$	208,395	$	585,891	$	185,812	$	980,098
Western Europe	336,011		—		47,220		383,231
Latin America (c)	99,524		—		1,821		101,345
Asia-Pacific	80,520		—		21,799		102,319
Middle East and Africa	60,798		—		—		60,798
Eastern Europe	15,185		—		—		15,185
Total Revenues	$	800,433	$	585,891	$	256,652	$	1,642,976
Key Product and Service Groups (a):
Environmental services related to resource recovery for metals manufacturing and related logistical services	$	688,923	$	—	$	—	$	688,923
Applied products	100,706		—		—		100,706
Environmental systems for aluminum dross and scrap processing	10,804		—		—		10,804
Railway track maintenance equipment	—		—		140,116		140,116
After market parts and services; safety and diagnostic technology	—		—		94,470		94,470
Railway contracting services	—		—		22,066		22,066
Waste processing, recycling, reuse and transportation solutions	—		585,891		—		585,891
Total Revenues	$	800,433	$	585,891	$	256,652	$	1,642,976

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020
(In thousands)	Harsco Environmental Segment		Harsco Clean Earth Segment		Harsco Rail Segment		Consolidated Totals
Primary Geographical Markets (a) (b):
North America	$	186,210	$	434,489	$	173,039	$	793,738
Western Europe	271,795		—		56,435		328,230
Latin America (c)	87,453		—		1,592		89,045
Asia-Pacific	63,969		—		21,908		85,877
Middle East and Africa	46,240		—		—		46,240
Eastern Europe	12,390		—		—		12,390
Total Revenues	$	668,057	$	434,489	$	252,974	$	1,355,520

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	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020
(In thousands)	Harsco Environmental Segment		Harsco Clean Earth Segment		Harsco Rail Segment		Consolidated Totals
Key Product and Service Groups (a):
Environmental services related to resource recovery for metals manufacturing and related logistical services	$	563,701	$	—	$	—	$	563,701
Applied products	95,019		—		—		95,019
Environmental systems for aluminum dross and scrap processing	9,337		—		—		9,337
Railway track maintenance equipment	—		—		138,519		138,519
After market parts and services; safety and diagnostic technology	—		—		92,800		92,800
Railway contracting services	—		—		21,655		21,655
Waste processing, recycling, reuse and transportation solutions	—		434,489		—		434,489
Total Revenues	$	668,057	$	434,489	$	252,974	$	1,355,520

(a)    The Company's acquisition of ESOL closed on April 6, 2020. The results are included in the Harsco Clean Earth Segment. See Note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions, for additional details.

(b)     Revenues are attributed to individual countries based on the location of the facility generating the revenue.

(c)     Includes Mexico.

The Company may receive payments in advance of earning revenue, which are treated as Advances on contracts on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company may recognize revenue in advance of being able to contractually invoice the customer, which is treated as Contract assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Non-current contract assets are included in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contract assets are transferred to Trade accounts receivable, net, when the right to payment becomes unconditional. Contract assets and Contract liabilities are reported as a net position, on a contract-by-contract basis, at the end of each reporting period. These instances are primarily related to the Harsco Rail Segment.

The Company had Contract assets totaling $111.8 million and $60.1 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The increase is due principally to additional contract assets recognized in excess of the transfer of contract assets to accounts receivable, primarily in the Harsco Rail Segment. The Company had Advances on contracts totaling $67.8 million and $84.9 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The decrease is due principally to the recognition of revenue on previously received Advances on contracts in excess of the receipt of new advances on contracts during the period, primarily in the Harsco Rail Segment. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized approximately $14 million and $44 million, respectively, of revenue related to amounts previously included in Advances on contracts. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized approximately $20 million and $55 million, respectively, of revenue related to amounts previously included in Advances on contracts.

At September 30, 2021 the Harsco Environmental Segment had remaining, fixed, unsatisfied performance obligations where the expected contract duration exceeds one year totaling $88.8 million. Of this amount, $20.9 million is expected to be fulfilled by September 30, 2022, $20.3 million by September 30, 2023, $19.3 million by September 30, 2024, $19.2 million by September 30, 2025 and the remainder thereafter. These amounts exclude any variable fees, fixed fees subject to indexation and any performance obligations expected to be satisfied within one year.

At September 30, 2021 the Harsco Rail Segment had remaining, fixed, unsatisfied performance obligations where the remaining expected contract duration exceeds one year totaling $246.3 million. Of this amount, $117.8 million is expected to be fulfilled by September 30, 2022, $73.0 million by September 30, 2023, $37.4 million by September 30, 2024, $18.0 million by September 30, 2025 and the remainder thereafter. These amounts exclude any variable fees, fixed fees subject to indexation and any performance obligations expected to be satisfied within one year.

The Company recognized an initial estimated forward loss provision related to the contracts with SBB of $45.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company recorded an additional forward loss provision of $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 the remaining estimated forward loss provision of $3.8 million and $4.4 million, respectively, is included in the caption Other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The estimated forward loss provision represents the Company's best estimate based on currently available

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information. It is possible that the Company's overall estimate of costs to complete these contracts may increase, which would result in an additional estimated forward loss provision at such time.

The Company recognized $5.4 million and $11.8 million of revenues for the contracts with SBB on an over time basis, utilizing a cost-to-cost method for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively and $15.4 million and $29.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company has substantially completed the first contract and is approximately 81% complete on the second contract with SBB as of September 30, 2021.

The Company provides assurance type warranties primarily for product sales in the Harsco Rail Segment. These warranties are typically not priced or negotiated separately (there is no option to separately purchase the warranty) or the warranty does not provide customers with a service in addition to the assurance that the product complies with agreed-upon specifications. Accordingly, such warranties do not represent separate performance obligations.

Concurrent with the ESOL acquisition, the Company entered into an agreement with Stericycle Inc. related to certain Stericycle, Inc. customers who receive services from both ESOL and other Stericycle, Inc. businesses under a single contractual arrangement. The revenue pertaining to services rendered to these customers are invoiced centrally through Stericycle, Inc. billing systems and ESOL's portion of the revenue, less a management fee, is then distributed to the Company.

17.   Other (Income) Expenses, Net

The major components of this Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations caption were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Employee termination benefit costs	$	(65)	$	798	$	1,285	$	6,694
Other costs to exit activities	(27)		13		611		478
Impaired asset write-downs	41		2		203		75
Contingent consideration adjustments	—		2,437		—		2,437
Net gains	(1,575)		(7)		(8,622)		(255)
Other	(1,209)		390		(1,287)		(355)
Other (income) expenses, net	$	(2,835)	$	3,633	$	(7,810)	$	9,074

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18. Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

AOCI is included on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity. The components of AOCI, net of the effect of income taxes, and activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2021 was as follows:

	Components of AOCI, Net of Tax
(In thousands)	Cumulative Foreign Exchange Translation Adjustments			Effective Portion of Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments			Cumulative Unrecognized Actuarial Losses on Pension Obligations			Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(143,340)		$	(3,717)		$	(440,562)		$	(3)	$	(587,622)
OCI before reclassifications	(48,150)		(a)	(2,226)		(b)	9,905		(a)	(22)		(40,493)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	12,906			604			18,132			—		31,642
Total OCI	(35,244)			(1,622)			28,037			(22)		(8,851)
Less: OCI attributable to noncontrolling interests	579			—			—			—		579
OCI attributable to Harsco Corporation	(35,823)			(1,622)			28,037			(22)		(9,430)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(179,163)		$	(5,339)		$	(412,525)		$	(25)	$	(597,052)

	Components of AOCI, Net of Tax
(In thousands)	Cumulative Foreign Exchange Translation Adjustments			Effective Portion of Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments			Cumulative Unrecognized Actuarial Losses on Pension Obligations			Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	(125,392)		$	(5,840)		$	(514,500)		$	(9)	$	(645,741)
OCI before reclassifications	(15,437)		(a)	257		(b)	6,628		(a)	25		(8,527)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	—			1,488			17,184			—		18,672
Total OCI	(15,437)			1,745			23,812			25		10,145
Less: OCI attributable to noncontrolling interests	(837)			—			—			—		(837)
OCI attributable to Harsco Corporation	(14,600)			1,745			23,812			25		10,982
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	(139,992)		$	(4,095)		$	(490,688)		$	16	$	(634,759)

(a)    Principally foreign currency fluctuation.

(b)     Net change from periodic revaluations.

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Amounts reclassified from AOCI were as follows:

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				Location on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
	September 30				September 30
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Recognition of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments:
Gain on substantial liquidation of subsidiaries (c)	$	—	$	—	—		12,906		Gain on sale of discontinued businesses
Amortization of cash flow hedging instruments:
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts	$	(418)	$	174	$	(465)	$	(1,562)	Product revenues
CCIRs	—		312		—		912		Interest expense
Interest rate swaps	872		739		2,599		1,849		Interest expense
Total before taxes	454		1,225		2,134		1,199
Income taxes	(148)		(408)		(646)		(595)
Total reclassification of cash flow hedging instruments, net of tax	$	306	$	817	$	1,488	$	604
Amortization of defined benefit pension items (d):
Actuarial losses	$	5,922	$	4,962	$	17,877	$	14,799	Defined benefit pension income
Prior service costs	125		113		381		326		Defined benefit pension income
Pension liability transfer - discontinued business	—		—		—		5,363		Gain on sale of discontinued businesses
Total before taxes	6,047		5,075		18,258		20,488
Income taxes	(358)		(323)		(1,074)		(2,356)
Total reclassification of defined benefit pension items, net of tax	$	5,689	$	4,752	$	17,184	$	18,132

(c)    No tax impact.

(d)    These AOCI components are included in the computation of net periodic pension costs. See Note 10, Employee Benefit Plans, for additional details.

19. Subsequent Event

On November 2, 2021 the Company announced it will explore strategic alternatives for the Rail business, with the intention to sell the business. As a result, the Rail segment will be classified as held for sale and reported as discontinued operations beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021.

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ITEM 2.                 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as well as the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company, including the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 which includes additional information about the Company’s critical accounting policies, contractual obligations, practices and the transactions that support the financial results, and provides a more comprehensive summary of the Company’s outlook, trends and strategies for 2021 and beyond.

Certain amounts included in Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are rounded in millions and all percentages are calculated based on actual amounts.  As a result, minor differences may exist due to rounding.

Forward-Looking Statements

The nature of the Company's business, together with the number of countries in which it operates, subject it to changing economic, competitive, regulatory and technological conditions, risks and uncertainties. In accordance with the "safe harbor" provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company provides the following cautionary remarks regarding important factors that, among others, could cause future results to differ materially from the results contemplated by forward-looking statements, including the expectations and assumptions expressed or implied herein. Forward-looking statements contained herein could include, among other things, statements about management's confidence in and strategies for performance; expectations for new and existing products, technologies and opportunities and expectations regarding growth, sales, cash flows, and earnings. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of such terms as "may," "could," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "believe," "likely," "estimate," "plan" or other comparable terms.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ, perhaps materially, from those implied by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (1) changes in the worldwide business environment in which the Company operates, including changes in general economic conditions or changes due to COVID-19 and governmental and market reactions to COVID-19; (2) changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates, commodity and fuel costs and capital costs; (3) changes in the performance of equity and bond markets that could affect, among other things, the valuation of the assets in the Company's pension plans and the accounting for pension assets, liabilities and expenses; (4) changes in governmental laws and regulations, including environmental, occupational health and safety, tax and import tariff standards and amounts; (5) market and competitive changes, including pricing pressures, market demand and acceptance for new products, services and technologies; (6) the Company's inability or failure to protect its intellectual property rights from infringement in one or more of the many countries in which the Company operates; (7) failure to effectively prevent, detect or recover from breaches in the Company's cybersecurity infrastructure; (8) unforeseen business disruptions in one or more of the many countries in which the Company operates due to political instability, civil disobedience, armed hostilities, public health issues or other calamities; (9) disruptions associated with labor disputes and increased operating costs associated with union organization; (10) the seasonal nature of the Company's business; (11) the Company's ability to successfully enter into new contracts and complete new acquisitions or strategic ventures in the time-frame contemplated, or at all; (12) the Company's ability to negotiate, complete, and integrate strategic transactions; (13) failure to conduct and complete a satisfactory process for the divestiture of the Rail division, as announced on November 2, 2021; (14) potential severe volatility in the capital or commodity markets; (15) failure to retain key management and employees; (16) the outcome of any disputes with customers, contractors and subcontractors; (17) the financial condition of the Company's customers, including the ability of customers (especially those that may be highly leveraged, have inadequate liquidity or whose business is significantly impacted by COVID-19) to maintain their credit availability; (18) implementation of environmental remediation matters; (19) risk and uncertainty associated with intangible assets and (20) other risk factors listed from time to time in the Company's SEC reports. A further discussion of these, along with other potential risk factors, can be found in Part II, Item 1A, "Risk Factors," below, as well as Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company cautions that these factors may not be exhaustive and that many of these factors are beyond the Company's ability to control or predict. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a prediction of actual results. The Company undertakes no duty to update forward-looking statements except as may be required by law.

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Executive Overview

The Company is a market-leading, global provider of environmental solutions for industrial, retail and medical waste streams, and innovative equipment and technology for the rail sector. The Company's operations consist of three reportable segments: Harsco Environmental, Harsco Clean Earth and Harsco Rail. The Company is working towards transforming into a single-thesis environmental solutions company that is a global leader in the markets the Company serves. The Harsco Environmental Segment operates primarily under long-term contracts, providing critical environmental services and material processing to the global steel and metals industries, including zero waste solutions for manufacturing byproducts within the metals industry. The Harsco Clean Earth Segment provides waste management services including transportation, specialty waste processing, recycling and beneficial reuse solutions for hazardous waste, contaminated materials and dredged volumes. The Harsco Rail Segment is a provider of highly engineered maintenance equipment, after-market parts and safety and diagnostic systems which support railroad and transit customers worldwide. The Company has locations in approximately 30 countries, including the U.S. The Company was incorporated in 1956.

On March 10, 2021, the Company amended its Senior Secured Credit Facilities to, among other things, extend the maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility to March 10, 2026, and to increase certain levels set forth in the total net leverage ratio covenant. In addition, the Company issued New Term Loans, using the proceeds to repay in full the outstanding Term Loan A and Term Loan B. The New Term Loans mature on March 10, 2028, or earlier, on the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity date of the Company's 5.75% Senior Notes due 2027 if such Senior Notes are outstanding or have not been refinanced at such time. See Note 9, Debt, in Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements," for additional details.

Beginning in March 2020 overall global economic conditions were significantly impacted by COVID-19. The Company took steps to protect all stakeholders and to minimize the operational and financial impacts of COVID-19. Looking forward the impact of COVID-19 on the Company is unclear, however business conditions have steadily improved since the second quarter of 2020 and the Company anticipates that business fundamentals will strengthen in 2021. Please refer to the below discussion of business outlook and Part II, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for additional information related to the potential impacts of COVID-19 on the Company.

Highlights from the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021 include (refer to the discussion of segment and consolidated results included within Results of Operations below, as well as Liquidity and Capital Resources, for additional information pertaining to the key drivers impacting these highlights):

•Revenues for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased approximately 7% and 21%, respectively, compared with the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2020. The primary drivers for these increases were the acquisition of ESOL for the nine months ended September 30, 2021; and for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased volumes in the Harsco Environmental Segment and Harsco Clean Earth Segment and the impact of foreign currency translation.

•Operating income from continuing operations for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased $24.9 million and $81.2 million, respectively, compared with the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2020. The primary drivers for these increases were increased volumes in the Harsco Environmental Segment and the Clean Earth Segment; the acquisition of ESOL; acquisition and integration costs primarily related to the ESOL acquisition, which were incurred during the first nine months of 2020 and not repeated; and termination benefit costs of $5.2 million which were incurred in the first nine months of 2020 in the Harsco Environmental Segment.

•Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations attributable to Harsco Corporation for the third quarter ended September 30, 2021 were $0.11, an increase compared with the diluted loss per common share from continuing operations of $0.10 during third quarter ended September 30, 2020. Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations attributable to Harsco Corporation for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $0.31, an increase compared with the diluted loss per common share from continuing operations of $0.35 during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The primary drivers of this increase are those noted above for operating income from continuing operations, partially offset by increased interest expense due to higher debt levels, debt-related transaction expenses and the effect of income taxes.

•Cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $46.8 million, an increase of $4.5 million compared with the Cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The primary driver for this increase was higher cash net income partially offset by an unfavorable change in working capital. The primary drivers of the unfavorable changes in working capital included lower customer advances and an increase in contract assets in the Harsco Rail Segment related to the continued build of long-term contracts and the timing of sales and collections of accounts receivable in the Harsco Environmental and Harsco Clean Earth segments.

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•Capital expenditures for purchases of property, plant and equipment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $109.5 million, an increase of $30.4 million or 38.4% compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The Company maintains a positive outlook across all businesses supported by favorable underlying growth characteristics in its businesses and investments by the Company to further supplement growth. Financial results have been impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020. This business pressure was most significant during the second and third quarters of 2020, and while the pace of the recovery varies by end market, and various economic pressures remain, such as supply-chain challenges as well as labor availability and inflation, the Company's financial performance has improved meaningfully since mid-2020.

The Company’s view for the remainder of 2021 and beyond is supported by the following factors, which should be considered in the context of other risks, trends and strategies in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 together with those described at the beginning of this section:

•The Harsco Environmental Segment operates throughout the world to support critical metal production. In 2021, financial performance of this segment is expected to strengthen versus 2020 as a result of improved demand for environmental services and applied products as well as increased commodity prices and positive contributions from new contracts or growth investments. Over the longer-term the Company expects that the Harsco Environmental Segment's growth will be driven by economic growth that supports higher global steel consumption as well as investments and innovation that support the environmental solutions needs of customers.

•The Harsco Clean Earth Segment locations operate throughout the U.S. by performing critical environmental services. The segment's hazardous waste line of business is economically resilient as proven by its recovery from the pandemic, while its contaminated materials business has lagged in its recovery due to constraints on non-residential construction activity in certain geographies and governmental constraints on project spending. With that said, financial results for Clean Earth are expected to improve in 2021 as a result of organic growth within its hazardous waste processing business and the inclusion of ESOL for an additional quarter as well as the improvement benefits anticipated from the integration of ESOL and despite the current challenges related to labor, transportation and material inflation; and disposal constraints. Beyond 2021, the Company expects this segment to benefit from positive underlying market trends, further growth opportunities and operational synergy opportunities as well as from the less cyclical and recurring nature of this business. These dynamics are expected to provide favorable returns on the Company's investments over time.

•The Harsco Rail Segment manufacturers products critical to global transportation, supported by recent actions to strengthen and increase its manufacturing capabilities and capacity. These operational investments position the business to deliver on its backlog in the coming years. Through 2020, the Harsco Rail Segment was impacted by a decrease in certain short-cycle sales as a result of COVID-19. In 2021, the Company expects that global demand for rail maintenance equipment, aftermarket parts and technology products to improve compared with the prior year. These benefits will be partially offset by input cost inflation and higher selling, general and administrative expenditures. More broadly, the Harsco Rail Segment is supported by a strong backlog and the longer-term outlook for this business remains positive, supported by future infrastructure investments, economic development in emerging economies, rail electrification in certain geographies, safety awareness and automation.

•The Company undertook significant actions to reduce corporate costs and capital spending in 2020 as a result of the pandemic. A portion of these costs and expenditures have returned in the current year, however the Company's disciplined approach to overall costs and free cash flow remains in place.

•Interest expense for 2021 is expected to increase due to higher average debt balances following the purchase of ESOL.

•Net periodic pension income will increase by approximately $8 million during 2021 which will primarily be reflected in the caption Defined benefit pension (income) expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The increase is primarily the result of higher plan asset values at December 31, 2020.

•The long-lived assets of the Altek Group within the Harsco Environmental Segment primarily consist of intangible assets which have a carrying value of approximately $39 million at September 30, 2021. The Company tested the recoverability of Altek’s long-lived asset group in the fourth quarter of 2020, and no impairment was recorded. The Company has not identified any triggering events for the Altek asset group in the third quarter of 2021. However, if actual results prove inconsistent with the Company’s assumptions and judgments of the projected cash flows, it could result in impairment of the Altek intangible assets in future periods.

•The Company is currently manufacturing seven multipurpose Stoneblower machines for the U.K.-based customer Network Rail under a long-term contract. Delivery of these machines have been delayed due to several factors, including customer expectations and requirements and COVID-19, and the Company's estimated delivery schedule would trigger liquidated damages. While the customer has deducted certain liquidated damages from payments to the Company, the Company is in discussions with the customer and expects that it will ultimately get relief from the customer for most of these liquidated damages based on the nature of the delays. As such, the Company's current

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estimate of contract revenues has not been reduced. However, if the Company is not granted relief, any adjustment to the estimate of these liquidated damages in the future could have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations in that period.

•As noted in Note 19, Subsequent Events, in Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements," the Company announced, on November 2, 2021, it will explore strategic alternatives for the Rail business, with the intention to sell the business. As a result, the Rail segment will be classified as held for sale and reported as discontinued operations beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Results of Operations

Segment Results

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30						September 30
(In millions, except percentages)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Revenues:
Harsco Environmental	$	269.9		$	222.5		$	800.4		$	668.1
Harsco Clean Earth	200.5			194.1			585.9			434.5
Harsco Rail	73.9			92.8			256.7			253.0
Total Revenues	$	544.3		$	509.4		$	1,643.0		$	1,355.5
Operating Income (Loss):
Harsco Environmental	$	27.6		$	12.3		$	83.8		$	36.4
Harsco Clean Earth	9.9			8.9			20.5			12.9
Harsco Rail	2.0			4.1			15.5			19.2
Corporate	(9.6)			(20.2)			(28.8)			(58.7)
Total Operating Income	$	29.9		$	5.1		$	91.0		$	9.8
Operating Margins:
Harsco Environmental	10.2		%	5.5		%	10.5		%	5.4		%
Harsco Clean Earth	4.9		%	4.6		%	3.5		%	3.0		%
Harsco Rail	2.6		%	4.4		%	6.1		%	7.6		%
Consolidated Operating Margin	5.5		%	1.0		%	5.5		%	0.7		%

Harsco Environmental Segment:

	September 30, 2021
Significant Effects on Revenues (In millions)	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenues — 2020	$	222.5	$	668.1
Net effects of price/volume changes, primarily attributable to volume changes	47.1		109.0
Impact of foreign currency translation	3.5		24.5
Net impact of new and lost contracts	(3.5)		(2.6)
Other	0.3		1.4
Revenues — 2021	$	269.9	$	800.4

Factors Positively Affecting Operating Income:

•Operating income was positively affected by improved overall steel production by customers under environmental services contracts for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

•Operating income was positively affected by higher contributions from applied products during the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the same periods in the prior year.

•Higher asset sale gains of $7.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the same period in the prior year.

•Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were negatively impacted by $5.2 million of employee termination benefit costs.

•Foreign currency translation did not significantly impact operating income in the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Factors Negatively Impacting Operating Income:

•Impact of cost increases relating to raw materials, labor, equipment rental and maintenance.

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•Impact of new and exited contracts of $1.8 million occurring during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Harsco Clean Earth Segment:

The Company acquired ESOL on April 6, 2020 and the operating results are reflected in the Harsco Clean Earth Segment.

	September 30, 2021
Significant Effects on Revenues (In millions)	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenues—2020	$	194.1	$	434.5
Impact of ESOL acquisition (a)	—		134.2
Net effects of price/volume changes, primarily attributable to volume changes	6.4		15.8
Other	—		1.4
Revenues—2021	$	200.5	$	585.9

(a) Reflects net revenue of ESOL for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

The following factors contributed to the changes in operating income in third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Factors Positively Affecting Operating Income:

•Favorable volume and mix for the hazardous waste business for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

•The ESOL acquisition contributed $7.0 million to operating income during the first quarter of 2021.

•Insurance recoveries of $2.6 million for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Factors Negatively Impacting Operating Income:

•Increases in selling, general and administrative expenses of $2.8 million and $9.7 million for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, primarily to support the expanded business as well as incentive compensation.

•Impact of increases in costs related to labor, transportation and materials.

•Decrease in contaminated material (soil) and dredging volume due principally to the impacts of COVID-19 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Operating Income includes intangible asset amortization expense for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021 of $6.0 million and $18.2 million, respectively, and for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2020 of $6.2 million and $16.5 million, respectively.

Harsco Rail Segment:

	September 30, 2021
Significant Effects on Revenues (In millions)	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenues — 2020	$	92.8	$	253.0
Impact of foreign currency translation	0.4		4.9
Net effect of price/volume changes, primarily attributable to volume changes	(19.3)		(1.3)
Other	—		0.1
Revenues — 2021	$	73.9	$	256.7

Factors Positively Affecting Operating Income:

•Favorable mix of equipment sales increased operating income during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

•Increase in after-market parts sales during the third quarter ended September 30, 2021 compared with the same period in the prior year.

Factors Negatively Impacting Operating Income:

•The unfavorable mix in after-market parts sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the same period in the prior year.

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•Unfavorable volume of equipment sales decreased operating income during the third quarter ended September 30, 2021.

•Impact of increases in costs including an unfavorable LIFO adjustment of $1.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the same period in the prior year.

Corporate Costs:

In addition to the factors highlighted above that positively affected or negatively impacted segment operating income, the Company's Corporate function was positively impacted by acquisition related and integration costs of approximately $11 million and $42 million during the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, not repeated in the current year. This was partially offset by increased insurance and compensation costs.

Consolidated Results

	September 30
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(In millions, except per share amounts)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Total revenues	$	544.3		$	509.4		$	1,643.0		$	1,355.5
Cost of services and products sold	434.4			412.2			1,309.8			1,092.8
Selling, general and administrative expenses	82.1			88.0			247.8			241.2
Research and development expenses	0.8			0.6			2.2			2.6
Other (income) expenses, net	(2.8)			3.6			(7.8)			9.1
Operating income from continuing operations	29.9			5.1			91.0			9.8
Interest income	0.6			0.6			1.8			1.6
Interest expense	(16.0)			(15.8)			(48.9)			(43.4)
Unused debt commitment fees, amendment fees and loss on extinguishment of debt	(0.2)			—			(5.5)			(1.9)
Defined benefit pension income	3.9			1.9			11.8			5.2
Income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations	(7.0)			1.7			(19.8)			4.6
Equity income (loss) of unconsolidated entities, net	(0.3)			—			(0.5)			0.2
Income (loss) from continuing operations	11.0			(6.6)			30.0			(23.9)
Gain on sale of discontinued business	—			—			—			18.4
Loss from discontinued businesses	(1.5)			(1.5)			(4.8)			(1.2)
Income tax expense (benefit) related to discontinued operations	0.4			(0.2)			1.2			(9.8)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	(1.1)			(1.7)			(3.5)			7.3
Net income (loss)	9.8			(8.3)			26.5			(16.6)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(9.0)			8.1			10.1			(8.9)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	0.8			(0.2)			36.6			(25.4)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations attributable to Harsco Corporation common stockholders	0.11			(0.10)			0.31			(0.35)
Effective income tax rate for continuing operations	38.3		%	20.0		%	39.3		%	16.2		%

Comparative Analysis of Consolidated Results

Revenues

Revenues for the third quarter of 2021 increased $34.9 million or 6.9% from the third quarter of 2020. Revenues for the first nine months of 2021 increased $287.5 million or 21.2% from the first nine months of 2020. Foreign currency translation increased revenues by $3.9 million and $29.4 million for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared with the same period in the prior year. Refer to the discussion of segment results above for information pertaining to factors positively affecting and negatively impacting revenues.

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Cost of Services and Products Sold

Cost of services and products sold for the third quarter of 2021 increased $22.2 million or 5.4% from the third quarter of 2020. Cost of services and products sold for the first nine months of 2021 increased $217.0 million or 19.9% from the first nine months of 2020. The changes in cost of services and products sold were attributable to the following significant items:

	September 30, 2021
(In millions)	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Change in costs due to changes in revenues (exclusive of the ESOL acquisition and effects of foreign currency translation and including fluctuations in commodity costs included in selling prices)	$	18.6	$	84.2
Impact of ESOL acquisition	—		104.0
Impact of foreign currency translation	3.4		26.9
Other	0.2		1.9
Total change in cost of services and products sold — 2021 vs. 2020	$	22.2	$	217.0

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the third quarter of 2021 decreased $5.9 million or 6.7% from the third quarter of 2020. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the first nine months of 2021 increased $6.6 million or 2.7% from the first nine months of 2020. The decrease for the third quarter of 2021 is due principally to acquisition related and integration costs incurred in the third quarter of 2020 related to the acquisition of ESOL, partially offset by higher compensation costs. This increase in the first nine months of 2021 primarily relates to the inclusion of selling, general and administrative expenses associated with the ESOL business and higher compensation costs partially offset by acquisition related and integration costs incurred during the first nine months of 2020 related to the acquisition of ESOL.

Other (Income) Expenses, Net

The major components of this Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations caption are as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Employee termination benefit costs	$	(65)	$	798	$	1,285	$	6,694
Other costs to exit activities	(27)		13		611		478
Impaired asset write-downs	41		2		203		75
Contingent consideration adjustments	—		2,437		—		2,437
Net gains	(1,575)		(7)		(8,622)		(255)
Other	(1,209)		390		(1,287)		(355)
Other (income) expenses, net	$	(2,835)	$	3,633	$	(7,810)	$	9,074

Interest Expense

Interest expense during the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 increased by $0.2 million and $5.5 million, respectively, compared with the third quarter and first nine months of 2020. This increase in the first nine months of 2021 primarily relates to higher outstanding borrowings and weighted average interest rates as a result of the ESOL acquisition. 

Unused Debt Commitment Fees, Amendment Fees and Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

During the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 the Company recognized $0.2 million and $5.5 million, respectively, of fees and other costs primarily related to the amended Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

During the first nine months of 2020 the Company recognized $1.9 million of fees and expenses related to an amendment of Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

Defined Benefit Pension Income

Defined benefit pension income for the third quarter of 2021 was $3.9 million, compared with defined benefit pension income of $1.9 million for the third quarter of 2020. Defined benefit pension income for the first nine months of 2021 was $11.8 million, compared with defined benefit pension income of $5.2 million for the first nine months of 2020. This change is primarily the result of higher plan asset values at December 31, 2020.

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Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense from continuing operations for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 was $7.0 million and $19.8 million, respectively, compared with an income tax benefit from continuing operations for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 of $1.7 million and $4.6 million, respectively. This change primarily resulted from higher pre-tax income primarily due to an improvement in operations, acquisition and integration expenses in 2020 not recurring in 2021, and a $2.8 million favorable income tax adjustment in connection with an increase in estimated usage of assumed net operating losses related to the Clean Earth acquisition in 2020 not recurring in 2021.

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations

Income from continuing operations was $11.0 million and $30.0 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectfully, compared with Loss from continuing operations of $6.6 million and $23.9 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectfully. The primary drivers for these increases are noted above.

Gain on Sale of Discontinued Business

In January 2020, the Company sold IKG and recognized a gain on sale of $18.4 million pre-tax (or approximately $9 million after-tax).

Loss from Discontinued Operations

The operating results of the former Harsco Industrial Segment and costs directly attributable to these operations, have been reflected as discontinued operations in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for all periods presented. In addition, this caption includes costs directly attributable to retained contingent liabilities of the Harsco Industrial Segment. See Note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements.

Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Total other comprehensive loss was $9.0 million and Total other comprehensive income was $10.1 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, compared with Total other comprehensive income of $8.1 million and Total other comprehensive loss of $8.9 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively. The primary driver of these changes is the fluctuation of the U.S. dollar against certain currencies inclusive of the impact of foreign currency translation of cumulative unrecognized actuarial losses on the Company’s pension obligations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow Summary

The Company currently expects to have sufficient financial liquidity and borrowing capacity to support the strategies within each of its businesses. The Company currently expects operational and business needs to be met by cash provided by operations supplemented with borrowings from time to time, principally under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities. The Company supplements the cash provided by operations with borrowings from time to time due to historical patterns of seasonal cash flow, the funding of various projects and the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions. The Company regularly assesses capital needs in the context of operational trends and strategic initiatives.

The Company’s cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, are summarized in the following table:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30
(In millions)	2021		2020
Net cash provided (used) by:
Operating activities	$	46.8	$	42.3
Investing activities	(88.8)		(470.1)
Financing activities	44.2		460.8
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	(1.8)		(6.6)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	$	0.4	$	26.4

Net cash provided by operating activities — Net cash provided by operating activities in the first nine months of 2021 was $46.8 million, an increase of $4.5 million from the first nine months of 2020.  The primary driver for this increase was higher cash net income partially offset by an unfavorable change in working capital. The primary drivers of the unfavorable change in working capital included lower customer advances and an increase in contract assets in the Harsco Rail Segment related to the

41

continued build of long-term contracts and the timing of sales and collections of accounts receivable in the Harsco Environmental and Harsco Clean Earth segments.

Net cash used by investing activities — Net cash used by investing activities in the first nine months of 2021 was $88.8 million, a decrease of $381.3 million from the cash used in the first nine months of 2020.  The decrease reflected the purchase of the ESOL business in 2020, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of the IKG business in 2020 and increased net capital expenditures in the current year.

Net cash provided by financing activities — Net cash provided by financing activities in the first nine months of 2021 was $44.2 million, a decrease of $416.6 million from the first nine months of 2020.  The decrease was primarily due to lower net cash borrowings of $410.8 million in the first nine months of 2021 resulting primarily from the cash used to purchase the ESOL business in 2020.

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash — The change is due to the impact of the significant strengthening of the U.S. dollar against certain currencies that occurred during the first nine months of 2020 compared to less significant movement during the first nine months of 2021 on the global cash balances held by the Company in these currencies, including balances held in the Company’s multicurrency cash pool.

Sources and Uses of Cash

The Company’s principal sources of liquidity are cash provided by operations and borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, augmented by cash proceeds from asset sales. In addition, the Company has other bank credit facilities available throughout the world.  The Company expects to continue to utilize all of these sources to meet future cash requirements for operations and growth initiatives.

Summary of Senior Secured Credit Facilities and Notes: (In millions)	September 30 2021		December 31 2020
By type:
New Term Loan	$	498.8	$	—
Term Loan A	—		280.0
Term Loan B	—		218.2
Revolving Credit Facility	338.5		281.0
5.75% Notes	500.0		500.0
Total	$	1,337.3	$	1,279.2
By classification:
Current	$	5.0	$	10.5
Long-term	1,332.3		1,268.7
Total	$	1,337.3	$	1,279.2

	September 30, 2021
(In millions)	Facility Limit		Outstanding Balance		Outstanding Letters of Credit		Available Credit
Revolving credit facility (a U.S.-based program)	$	700.0	$	338.5	$	29.8	$	331.7

Debt Covenants

The Senior Secured Credit Facilities contain a consolidated net debt to consolidated adjusted EBITDA ratio covenant, which is not to exceed 5.75 through December 31, 2021 and then decreasing quarterly until reaching 4.0 on March 31, 2023, and a minimum consolidated adjusted EBITDA to consolidated interest charges ratio covenant, which is not to be less than 3.0.  At September 30, 2021 the Company was in compliance with these covenants, as the total net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) was 4.5 and total interest coverage ratio was 4.5. Based on balances and covenants in effect at September 30, 2021 the Company could increase net debt by $367.8 million and remain in compliance with these debt covenants. Alternatively, adjusted EBITDA could decrease by $64.0 million, and the Company would remain in compliance with these covenants. The Company believes it will continue to maintain compliance with these covenants based on its current outlook.  However, the Company’s estimates of compliance with these covenants could change in the future with a deterioration in economic conditions including as a result of COVID-19.

Cash Management

The Company has various cash management systems throughout the world that centralize cash in various bank accounts where it is economically justifiable and legally permissible to do so. These centralized cash balances are then redeployed to other

42

operations to reduce short-term borrowings and to finance working capital needs or capital expenditures. Due to the transitory nature of cash balances, they are normally invested in bank deposits that can be withdrawn at will or in very liquid short-term bank time deposits and government obligations. The Company's policy is to use the largest banks in the various countries in which the Company operates. The Company monitors the creditworthiness of banks and, when appropriate, will adjust banking operations to reduce or eliminate exposure to less creditworthy banks.

At September 30, 2021 the Company's consolidated cash and cash equivalents included $71.7 million held by non-U.S. subsidiaries. At September 30, 2021 approximately 4% of the Company's consolidated cash and cash equivalents had regulatory restrictions that would preclude the transfer of funds with and among subsidiaries. Non-U.S. subsidiaries also held $20.9 million of cash and cash equivalents in consolidated strategic ventures. The strategic venture agreements may require strategic venture partner approval to transfer funds with and among subsidiaries. While the Company's remaining non-U.S. cash and cash equivalents can be transferred with and among subsidiaries, the majority of these non-U.S. cash balances will be used to support the ongoing working capital needs and continued growth of the Company's non-U.S. operations.

Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Information on recently adopted and recently issued accounting standards is included in Note 2, Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Standards, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements.

ITEM 3.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risks have not changed significantly from those disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

ITEM 4.        CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures to give reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (1) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and (2) is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Prior to our acquisition of ESOL on April 6, 2020, the prior owner of the business, Stericycle, Inc., had identified two material weaknesses in their internal control over financial reporting, related in part to ESOL. The first material weakness relates to an incomplete implementation and monitoring of its general information technology controls in the areas of user access and program change management for systems supporting Stericycle Inc.'s internal control process, including ESOL. The second material weakness relates to not fully designing, implementing and monitoring certain controls relevant to the revenue and cost of disposal processes, including certain general information technology controls. As of September 30, 2021, we are not yet in a position to conclude that the material weaknesses have been remediated.

As of September 30, 2021, an evaluation was performed, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a – 15(b), as amended. Based upon that evaluation, such officers concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are considered ineffective until the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting described above have been determined to have been remediated.

Notwithstanding the ineffective disclosure controls and procedures as a result of the identified material weaknesses, management has concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.

Remediation Plan

The Company has designed and implemented general information technology controls for ESOL’s systems and has implemented additional controls to enhance check-in procedures at the waste processing facilities and monitoring controls over the order and invoicing processes. Management is in the process of testing the operating effectiveness of these controls.

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Management will conclude on the remediation when the applicable controls have operated for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Other than the foregoing, there were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION 

ITEM 1.        LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information on legal proceedings is included in Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements.

ITEM 1A.     RISK FACTORS

The Company's risk factors as of September 30, 2021 have not changed materially from those described in Part 1, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, except for the risk factor below.

Although we announced our intention to conduct a process for the divestiture of our Rail division, we may be unable to complete a transaction on favorable terms or at all and our pursuit of a divestiture could adversely affect our businesses, results of operations and financial condition.

On November 2, 2021, we announced that we intend to conduct a process beginning in the first half of 2022 for the divestiture of our Rail division. Our announcement, and our conducting, of a divestiture process for our Rail division involves various risks and uncertainties, including the risk that we may be unsuccessful in identifying an acquirer for the division, unable to enter into an agreement for a transaction and any agreement that we may enter into may not be on favorable terms and/or may not be completed due to regulatory or other factors. Moreover, the announcement and conduct of the divestiture process could cause disruptions in, and create uncertainty surrounding, our Rail division, including affecting the Rail division’s relationships with its existing and future customers, suppliers and employees, which could have an adverse effect on the Rail division’s results of operations and financial condition, potentially making it more difficult to successfully complete a transaction on favorable terms. If we are unable to complete a divestiture of our Rail division or we complete a transaction on unfavorable terms, we may suffer negative publicity, our Rail and other businesses may suffer, our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows may be adversely effected and the market value of our shares may fall. In addition, the divestiture process may require commitments of significant time and resources on the part of management. As a result, the divestiture process may divert management’s attention from overseeing, and exploring opportunities that may be beneficial to, our other businesses and operations and, as such, adversely affect our other businesses and operations and harm our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows and the market value of our shares.

ITEM 2.        UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 5.        OTHER INFORMATION 

On October 27, 2021, the Company entered into Amendment No. 8 to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain financial institutions and Bank of America, N.A. to make certain amendments in connection with the discontinuation of LIBOR. The Amendment No. 8 to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement is filed as Exhibit 10.1 hereto and incorporated into this Item 5 by reference.

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ITEM 6.        EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are included as part of this report by reference:

Exhibit Number	Description
10.1	Amendment No. 8 to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated October 27, 2021, among the Company, the subsidiaries of the Company party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent.
31.1	Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer).
31.2	Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Financial Officer).
32	Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer).
101.Def	Definition Linkbase Document
101.Pre	Presentation Linkbase Document
101.Lab	Labels Linkbase Document
101.Cal	Calculation Linkbase Document
101.Sch	Schema Document
101.Ins	Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

HARSCO CORPORATION

(Registrant)

DATE	November 2, 2021	/s/ ANSHOOMAN AGA
		Anshooman Aga
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(On behalf of the registrant and as Principal Financial Officer)
DATE	November 2, 2021	/s/ SAMUEL C. FENICE
		Samuel C. Fenice
		Vice President and Corporate Controller
		(Principal Accounting Officer)

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