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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following table reflects the changes in carrying amounts of goodwill by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
(In thousands)Harsco Environmental SegmentHarsco
Clean Earth Segment		Harsco Rail
Segment		Consolidated
Totals
Balance at December 31, 2020$406,401 $482,647 $13,026 $902,074 
Changes to goodwill (a)
— 1,232 — 1,232 
Foreign currency translation(6,578)— — (6,578)
Balance at September 30, 2021$399,823 $483,879 $13,026 $896,728 
(a) The changes to goodwill relate to the measurement period adjustments for the ESOL acquisition in the Harsco Clean Earth Segment. See Note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions.

The Company tests for goodwill impairment annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, or if a decision is made to dispose of a business.  The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 and monitors for triggering events on an ongoing basis.  The Company determined that, as of September 30, 2021, no interim goodwill impairment testing was necessary. 
The Company has concluded that no triggering event occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021. However, an economic downturn could impact the Company's future projected cash flows used to estimate fair value, and/or result in a sustained decrease in the Company's share price, which could indicate an impairment.
Intangible assets, net, on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following:
 September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
(In thousands)Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Customer related$108,226 $53,757 $109,378 $48,057 
Permits308,998 30,856 308,705 18,955 
Technology related39,604 12,363 40,274 9,654 
Trade names31,876 6,797 31,949 4,834 
Air rights26,139 1,561 26,139 1,044 
Patents185 140 192 139 
Non-compete Agreement2,500 937 2,500 469 
Other3,896 1,475 3,911 1,331 
Total$521,424 $107,886 $523,048 $84,483 

Amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
 September 30September 30
(In thousands)2021202020212020
Amortization expense for intangible assets$8,115 $8,272 $24,514 $22,542 

The estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years based on current intangible assets is as follows:
(In thousands)20212022202320242025
Estimated amortization expense (b)
$32,900 $32,400 $32,300 $31,800 $31,600 
(b)     These estimated amortization expense amounts do not reflect the potential effect of future foreign currency exchange fluctuations.