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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following table reflects the changes in carrying amounts of goodwill by segment for the six months ended June 30, 2020:
(In thousands)Harsco Environmental SegmentHarsco
Clean Earth Segment		Harsco Rail
Segment		Consolidated
Totals
Balance at December 31, 2019$395,113  $330,230  $13,026  $738,369  
Changes to goodwill (a)
1,479  152,300  —  153,779  
Foreign currency translation(10,483) —  —  (10,483) 
Balance at June 30, 2020$386,109  $482,530  $13,026  $881,665  
(a) The changes to goodwill primarily relate to the acquisition of ESOL in the Harsco Clean Earth Segment, See note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions, and an immaterial acquisitions in the Harsco Environmental Segment.

The Company tests for goodwill impairment annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, or if a decision is made to dispose of a business.  The Company performs the annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 and monitors for triggering events on an ongoing basis.  The Company determined that, as of June 30, 2020, no interim goodwill impairment testing was necessary. 
The Company has concluded that no triggering event occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2020. However, a prolonged economic downturn resulting from COVID-19 could impact the Company's future projected cash flows used to estimate fair value, and/or result in a sustained decrease in the Company’s share price, which could indicate an impairment.

Intangible assets, net on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following:
 June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(In thousands)Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Gross Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Customer related$165,770  $101,512  $143,996  $99,327  
Permits308,432  11,028  170,322  4,694  
Technology related36,411  6,966  36,467  5,635  
Trade names31,525  3,452  31,719  2,182  
Air rights26,139  743  26,139  411  
Patents185  130  249  168  
Non-compete Agreement2,500  156  —  —  
Other3,608  1,138  3,765  1,158  
Total$574,570  $125,125  $412,657  $113,575  
Amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
 June 30June 30
(In thousands)2020201920202019
Amortization expense for intangible assets$8,352  $1,901  $14,270  $3,840  

The estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years based on current intangible assets is as follows:
(In thousands)20202021202220232024
Estimated amortization expense (b)
$31,200  $32,300  $31,600  $31,600  $31,100  
(b)  These estimated amortization expense amounts do not reflect the potential effect of future foreign currency exchange fluctuations.