Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill by Segment

The following table reflects the changes in carrying amounts of goodwill by segment for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:



(In thousands)	Harsco Metals & Minerals Segment			Harsco Industrial Segment		Harsco Rail Segment		Consolidated Totals
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	362,386		$	6,839	$	13,026	$	382,251
Foreign currency translation	19,507			—		—		19,507
Balance at December 31, 2017	381,893			6,839		13,026		401,758
Changes to goodwill (a)	22,518			—		—		22,518
Foreign currency translation	(12,724		)	—		—		(12,724		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	391,687		$	6,839	$	13,026	$	411,552

(a) Changes to goodwill in the Harsco Metals & Minerals Segment relate to the acquisition of Altek. The purchase price allocation is not yet final for this acquisition. See Note 3, Acquisition.

The Company's methodology for determining reporting unit fair value is described in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Performance of the Company's 2018 annual impairment test did not result in impairment of any of the Company's reporting units.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets totaled $79.8 million, net of accumulated amortization of $110.0 million at December 31, 2018 and

$38.3 million, net of accumulated amortization of $163.9 million at December 31, 2017. The following table reflects these intangible assets by major category:



	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Customer related	$	136,307	$	99,383	$	153,014	$	121,385
Patents	2,598		2,503		5,825		5,700
Technology related	35,831		2,681		26,131		26,131
Trade names	9,212		1,897		8,317		4,845
Other	5,865		3,524		8,875		5,850
Total	$	189,813	$	109,988	$	202,162	$	163,911

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $7.7 million, $5.1 million and $7.9 million for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The following table shows the estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years based on current intangible assets.



(In thousands)	2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
Estimated amortization expense (a)	$	9,000	$	8,750	$	8,500	$	8,250	$	8,250

(a)

These estimated amortization expense amounts do not reflect the potential effect of future foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.