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Retirement Benefits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Southern Company has a defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering substantially all employees, with the exception of employees at Southern Company Gas, as discussed below, and PowerSecure. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). On December 19, 2016, the traditional electric operating companies and certain other subsidiaries voluntarily contributed an aggregate of $900 million to Southern Company's qualified pension plan. No mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2017. Southern Company also provides certain defined benefit pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, Southern Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The traditional electric operating companies fund related other postretirement trusts to the extent required by their respective regulatory commissions. For the year ending December 31, 2017, no other postretirement trust contributions are expected.
In addition, Southern Company Gas has a qualified defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering certain eligible employees, which was closed in 2012 to new employees. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of ERISA. Southern Company Gas voluntarily contributed $125 million to its qualified pension plan on September 12, 2016. No mandatory contributions to the Southern Company Gas qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2017. Southern Company Gas also provides certain non-qualified defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, Southern Company Gas provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for eligible retired employees through a postretirement benefit plan. Southern Company Gas also has a separate unfunded supplemental retirement health care plan that provides medical care and life insurance benefits to employees of discontinued businesses. For the year ending December 31, 2017, no other postretirement trust contributions are expected.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – benefit obligations
4.58
%
 
4.17
%
 
5.02
%
Discount rate – interest costs
3.88

 
4.17

 
5.02

Discount rate – service costs
4.98

 
4.48

 
5.02

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.16

 
8.20

 
8.20

Annual salary increase
4.37

 
3.59

 
3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – benefit obligations
4.38
%
 
4.04
%
 
4.85
%
Discount rate – interest costs
3.66

 
4.04

 
4.85

Discount rate – service costs
4.85

 
4.39

 
4.85

Expected long-term return on plan assets
6.66

 
6.97

 
7.15

Annual salary increase
4.37

 
3.59

 
3.59


Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
2016

2015
Pension plans



Discount rate
4.40
%

4.67
%
Annual salary increase
4.37


4.46

Other postretirement benefit plans



Discount rate
4.23
%

4.51
%
Annual salary increase
4.37


4.46


The Company estimates the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of seven different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
Initial Cost Trend Rate
 
Ultimate Cost Trend Rate
 
Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-65
6.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
2025
Post-65 medical
5.00

 
4.50

 
2025
Post-65 prescription
10.00

 
4.50

 
2025

An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components at December 31, 2016 as follows:
 
1 Percent
Increase
 
1 Percent
Decrease
 
(in millions)
Benefit obligation
$
128

 
$
110

Service and interest costs
4

 
3


Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $11.3 billion at December 31, 2016 and $9.6 billion at December 31, 2015. Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
10,542

 
$
10,909

Acquisitions
1,244

 

Service cost
262

 
257

Interest cost
422

 
445

Benefits paid
(466
)
 
(487
)
Actuarial (gain) loss
381

 
(582
)
Balance at end of year
12,385

 
10,542

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
9,234

 
9,690

Acquisitions
837

 

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
902

 
(14
)
Employer contributions
1,076

 
45

Benefits paid
(466
)
 
(487
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
11,583

 
9,234

Accrued liability
$
(802
)
 
$
(1,308
)

At December 31, 2016, the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $11.8 billion and $627 million, respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plans.
Amounts presented in the following tables do not include regulatory assets of $369 million recognized by Southern Company Gas associated with its pension plans prior to its acquisition on July 1, 2016.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
3,207

 
$
2,998

Other current liabilities
(53
)
 
(46
)
Employee benefit obligations
(749
)
 
(1,262
)
Other regulatory liabilities, deferred
(87
)
 

Accumulated OCI
100

 
125


Presented below are the amounts included in accumulated OCI and regulatory assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017.
 
Prior
Service
Cost
 
Net (Gain) Loss
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2016:
 
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$
4

 
$
96

Regulatory assets
51

 
3,069

Total
$
55

 
$
3,165

Balance at December 31, 2015:
 
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$
3

 
$
122

Regulatory assets
27

 
2,971

Total
$
30

 
$
3,093

Estimated amortization in net periodic pension cost in 2017:
 
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$
1

 
$
7

Regulatory assets
11

 
155

Total
$
12

 
$
162


The components of OCI and the changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table:
 
Accumulated
OCI
 
Regulatory Assets
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
134

 
$
3,073

Net (gain) loss
1

 
155

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(1
)
 
(24
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(9
)
 
(206
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(10
)
 
(230
)
Total change
(9
)
 
(75
)
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
125

 
$
2,998

Net (gain) loss
(20
)
 
243

Change in prior service costs
2

 
37

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(1
)
 
(13
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(6
)
 
(145
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(7
)
 
(158
)
Total change
(25
)
 
122

Balance at December 31, 2016
$
100

 
$
3,120


Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
262

 
$
257

 
$
213

Interest cost
422

 
445

 
435

Expected return on plan assets
(782
)
 
(724
)
 
(645
)
Recognized net (gain) loss
150

 
215

 
110

Net amortization
14

 
25

 
26

Net periodic pension cost
$
66

 
$
218

 
$
139


Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Company has elected to amortize changes in the market value of all plan assets over five years rather than recognize the changes immediately. As a result, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2016, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
(in millions)
2017
$
571

2018
593

2019
620

2020
646

2021
666

2022 to 2026
3,673


Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and in the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
1,989

 
$
1,986

Acquisitions
338

 

Service cost
22

 
23

Interest cost
76

 
78

Benefits paid
(119
)
 
(102
)
Actuarial (gain) loss
(16
)
 
(38
)
Plan amendments

 
34

Retiree drug subsidy
7

 
8

Balance at end of year
2,297

 
1,989

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
833

 
900

Acquisitions
100

 

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
58

 
(12
)
Employer contributions
65

 
39

Benefits paid
(112
)
 
(94
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
944

 
833

Accrued liability
$
(1,353
)
 
$
(1,156
)

Amounts presented in the following tables do not include regulatory assets of $77 million recognized by Southern Company Gas associated with its other postretirement benefit plan prior to its acquisition on July 1, 2016.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
419

 
$
433

Other current liabilities
(4
)
 
(4
)
Employee benefit obligations
(1,349
)
 
(1,152
)
Other regulatory liabilities, deferred
(41
)
 
(22
)
Accumulated OCI
7

 
8


Presented below are the amounts included in accumulated OCI and net regulatory assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017.
 
Prior
Service
Cost
 
Net (Gain)
Loss
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2016:
 
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$

 
$
7

Net regulatory assets
25

 
353

Total
$
25

 
$
360

Balance at December 31, 2015:
 
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$

 
$
8

Net regulatory assets
32

 
379

Total
$
32

 
$
387

Estimated amortization as net periodic postretirement benefit cost in 2017:
 
 
 
Net regulatory assets
$
6

 
$
13


The components of OCI, along with the changes in the balance of net regulatory assets (liabilities), related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table:
 
Accumulated
OCI
 
Net Regulatory
Assets
(Liabilities)
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
8

 
$
366

Net (gain) loss

 
33

Change in prior service costs

 
33

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs

 
(4
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)

 
(17
)
Total reclassification adjustments

 
(21
)
Total change

 
45

Balance at December 31, 2015
$
8

 
$
411

Net (gain) loss
(1
)
 
(13
)
Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs

 
(6
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)

 
(14
)
Total reclassification adjustments

 
(20
)
Total change
(1
)
 
(33
)
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
7

 
$
378


Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
22

 
$
23

 
$
21

Interest cost
76

 
78

 
79

Expected return on plan assets
(60
)
 
(58
)
 
(59
)
Net amortization
21

 
21

 
6

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$
59

 
$
64

 
$
47


Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. Estimated benefit payments are reduced by drug subsidy receipts expected as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
Subsidy
Receipts
 
Total
 
(in millions)
2017
$
145

 
$
(10
)
 
$
135

2018
150

 
(11
)
 
139

2019
155

 
(12
)
 
143

2020
159

 
(13
)
 
146

2021
162

 
(14
)
 
148

2022 to 2026
823

 
(73
)
 
750


Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Internal Revenue Code). The Company's investment policies for both the pension plans and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets as described below. Derivative instruments may be used to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. Additionally, the Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plans is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plans is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Southern Company plan employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies and Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
A description of the major asset classes that the pension and other postretirement benefit plans are comprised of, along with the valuation methods used for fair value measurement, is provided below:
Description
Valuation Methodology
Domestic equity: A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.

International equity: A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
Domestic and International equities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on public exchanges are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity funds with unpublished prices are valued as Level 2 when the underlying holdings are comprised of Level 1 or Level 2 equity securities.
Fixed income: A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Investments in fixed income securities are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
Trust-owned life insurance (TOLI): Investments of the Company's taxable trusts aimed at minimizing the impact of taxes on the portfolio.
Investments in TOLI policies are classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on the underlying investments held in the policy's separate accounts. The underlying assets are equity and fixed income pooled funds that are comprised of Level 1 and Level 2 securities.
Special situations: Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies, as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.

Real estate: Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.

Private equity: Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
Investments in real estate, private equity, and special situations are generally classified as Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient, since the underlying assets typically do not have publicly available observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. Techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets less liabilities.
The fair values, and actual allocations relative to the target allocations, of Southern Company's pension plan (excluding Southern Company Gas) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. The fair values presented are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
These fair values exclude cash, receivables related to investment income and pending investment sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
Target Allocation
Actual Allocation
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
(NAV)
Total
 
(in millions)
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
2,010

$
927

$

$

$
2,937

26
%
29
%
International equity(*)
1,231

1,110



2,341

25

22

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
23

29

U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

588



588



Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

13



13



Corporate bonds

991



991



Pooled funds

524



524



Cash equivalents and other
996

2



998



Real estate investments
310



1,152

1,462

14

13

Special situations




180

180

3

2

Private equity



549

549

9

5

Total
$
4,547

$
4,155

$

$
1,881

$
10,583

100
%
100
%
(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
Target Allocation
Actual Allocation
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
(NAV)
Total
 
(in millions)
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(a)
$
1,632

$
681

$

$

$
2,313

26
%
30
%
International equity(a)
1,190

962



2,152

25

23

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
23

23

U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

454



454



Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

199



199



Corporate bonds

1,140



1,140



Pooled funds

500



500



Cash equivalents and other

145



145



Real estate investments
299



1,185

1,484

14

16

Special situations(b)



160

160

3

2

Private equity



536

536

9

6

Total
$
3,121

$
4,081

$

$
1,881

$
9,083

100
%
100
%
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
$
(1
)
$

$

$

$
(1
)


Total
$
3,120

$
4,081

$

$
1,881

$
9,082

100
%
100
%

(a)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
(b)
The 2015 presentation above has been revised to separately reflect special situations, consistent with the 2016 presentation.
The fair values of Southern Company Gas' pension plan assets for the period ended December 31, 2016 are presented below. The fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investment sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. For 2016, special situations (absolute return and hedge funds) investment assets are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
(NAV)
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
142

$
343

$

$

$
485

International equity(*)

185



185

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

85



85

Corporate bonds

41



41

Pooled funds

66



66

Cash equivalents and other
12

5


83

100

Real estate investments
4



15

19

Private equity



2

2

Total
$
158

$
725

$

$
100

$
983

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
The assets of Southern Company Gas' pension plan were allocated 69% equity, 20% fixed income, 1% cash, and 10% other at December 31, 2016, compared to the asset class targets of 53% equity, 15% fixed income, 2% cash, and 30% other. Southern Company Gas' pension plan investment policy provides for variation around the target asset allocation in the form of ranges.
The fair values of Southern Company's (excluding Southern Company Gas) other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investment sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
Total
Target Allocation
Actual Allocation
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
(NAV)
 
(in millions)
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
118

$
28

$

$

$
146

39
%
40
%
International equity(*)
37

61



98

23

21

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
29

31

U.S. Treasury, government,
and agency bonds

24



24



Corporate bonds

30



30



Pooled funds

49



49



Cash equivalents and other
41




41



Trust-owned life insurance

382



382



Real estate investments
11



35

46

5

5

Special situations



5

5

1

1

Private equity



17

17

3

2

Total
$
207

$
574

$

$
57

$
838

100
%
100
%
(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
Target Allocation
Actual Allocation
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
(NAV)
Total
 
(in millions)
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(a)
$
106

$
52

$

$

$
158

42
%
38
%
International equity(a)
40

63



103

21

23

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
28

30

U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

22



22



Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

7



7



Corporate bonds

38



38



Pooled funds

42



42



Cash equivalents and other
11

9



20



Trust-owned life insurance

370



370



Real estate investments
11



40

51

5

6

Special situations(b)



5

5

1

1

Private equity



18

18

3

2

Total
$
168

$
603

$

$
63

$
834

100
%
100
%

(a)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
(b)
The 2015 presentation above has been revised to separately reflect special situations, consistent with the 2016 presentation.
The fair values of Southern Company Gas' other postretirement benefit plan assets for the period ended December 31, 2016 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investment sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. For 2016, special situations (absolute return and hedge funds) investment assets are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
Total
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
(NAV)
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
3

$
58

$

$

$
61

International equity(*)

18



18

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 


Pooled funds

23



23

Cash equivalents and other
1



2

3

Total
$
4

$
99

$

$
2

$
105

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
The assets of Southern Company Gas' other postretirement benefit plans were allocated 74% equity, 23% fixed income, 1% cash, and 2% other at December 31, 2016, compared to the asset class targets of 72% equity, 24% fixed income, 1% cash, and 3% other. Southern Company Gas' other postretirement plan's investment policy provides for some variation in these targets in the form of ranges around the target.
Employee Savings Plan
Southern Company and its subsidiaries also sponsor 401(k) defined contribution plans covering substantially all employees and provide matching contributions up to specified percentages of an employee's eligible pay. Total matching contributions made to the plans for 2016, 2015, and 2014 were $105 million, $92 million, and $87 million, respectively.
Alabama Power [Member]  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company has a defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering substantially all employees. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). On December 19, 2016, the Company voluntarily contributed $129 million to the qualified pension plan. No mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2017. The Company also provides certain defined benefit pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, the Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The Company funds its other postretirement trusts to the extent required by the Alabama PSC and the FERC. For the year ending December 31, 2017, no other postretirement trusts contributions are expected.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – benefit obligations
4.67
%
 
4.18
%
 
5.02
%
Discount rate – interest costs
3.90

 
4.18

 
5.02

Discount rate – service costs
5.07

 
4.49

 
5.02

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.20

 
8.20

 
8.20

Annual salary increase
4.46

 
3.59

 
3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – benefit obligations
4.51
%
 
4.04
%
 
4.86
%
Discount rate – interest costs
3.69

 
4.04

 
4.86

Discount rate – service costs
4.96

 
4.40

 
4.86

Expected long-term return on plan assets
6.83

 
7.17

 
7.34

Annual salary increase
4.46

 
3.59

 
3.59

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
2016
 
2015
Pension plans
 
 
 
Discount rate
4.44
%
 
4.67
%
Annual salary increase
4.46

 
4.46

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
Discount rate
4.27
%
 
4.51
%
Annual salary increase
4.46

 
4.46


The Company estimates the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of seven different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
Initial Cost Trend Rate
 
Ultimate Cost Trend Rate
 
Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-65
6.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
2025
Post-65 medical
5.00

 
4.50

 
2025
Post-65 prescription
10.00

 
4.50

 
2025

An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components at December 31, 2016 as follows:
 
1 Percent
Increase
 
1 Percent
Decrease
 
(in millions)
Benefit obligation
$
28

 
$
24

Service and interest costs
1

 
1


Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $2.4 billion at December 31, 2016 and $2.3 billion at December 31, 2015. Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
2,506

 
$
2,592

Service cost
57

 
59

Interest cost
95

 
106

Benefits paid
(109
)
 
(120
)
Actuarial (gain) loss
114

 
(131
)
Balance at end of year
2,663

 
2,506

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
2,279

 
2,396

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
206

 
(9
)
Employer contributions
141

 
12

Benefits paid
(109
)
 
(120
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
2,517

 
2,279

Accrued liability
$
(146
)
 
$
(227
)

At December 31, 2016, the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $2.5 billion and $124 million, respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
870

 
$
822

Other current liabilities
(12
)
 
(11
)
Employee benefit obligations
(134
)
 
(216
)

Presented below are the amounts included in regulatory assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017.
 
2016
 
2015
 
Estimated
Amortization
in 2017
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
10

 
$
6

 
$
3

Net (gain) loss
860

 
816

 
42

Regulatory assets
$
870

 
$
822

 
 

The changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Regulatory assets:
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
822

 
$
827

Net (gain) loss
84

 
56

Change in prior service costs
7

 

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(3
)
 
(6
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(40
)
 
(55
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(43
)
 
(61
)
Total change
48

 
(5
)
Ending balance
$
870

 
$
822


Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
57

 
$
59

 
$
48

Interest cost
95

 
106

 
103

Expected return on plan assets
(184
)
 
(178
)
 
(168
)
Recognized net (gain) loss
40

 
55

 
31

Net amortization
3

 
6

 
7

Net periodic pension cost
$
11

 
$
48

 
$
21


Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Company has elected to amortize changes in the market value of all plan assets over five years rather than recognize the changes immediately. As a result, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2016, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
(in millions)
2017
$
122

2018
127

2019
132

2020
137

2021
142

2022 to 2026
777


Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and in the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
505

 
$
503

Service cost
5

 
6

Interest cost
18

 
20

Benefits paid
(28
)
 
(27
)
Actuarial (gain) loss
(1
)
 
(7
)
Plan amendment

 
7

Retiree drug subsidy
2

 
3

Balance at end of year
501

 
505

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
363

 
392

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
23

 
(6
)
Employer contributions
7

 
1

Benefits paid
(26
)
 
(24
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
367

 
363

Accrued liability
$
(134
)
 
$
(142
)

Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
86

 
$
95

Other regulatory liabilities, deferred
(10
)
 
(13
)
Employee benefit obligations
(134
)
 
(142
)

Presented below are the amounts included in net regulatory assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017.
 
2016
 
2015
 
Estimated
Amortization
in 2017
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
15

 
$
19

 
$
4

Net (gain) loss
61

 
63

 
1

Net regulatory assets
$
76

 
$
82

 
 

The changes in the balance of net regulatory assets (liabilities) related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Net regulatory assets (liabilities):
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
82

 
$
54

Net (gain) loss

 
25

Change in prior service costs

 
8

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(4
)
 
(3
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(2
)
 
(2
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(6
)
 
(5
)
Total change
(6
)
 
28

Ending balance
$
76

 
$
82


Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
5

 
$
6

 
$
5

Interest cost
18

 
20

 
20

Expected return on plan assets
(25
)
 
(26
)
 
(25
)
Net amortization
6

 
5

 
4

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$
4

 
$
5

 
$
4


Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. Estimated benefit payments are reduced by drug subsidy receipts expected as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
Subsidy
Receipts
 
Total
 
(in millions)
2017
$
32

 
$
(3
)
 
$
29

2018
33

 
(3
)
 
30

2019
34

 
(4
)
 
30

2020
35

 
(4
)
 
31

2021
36

 
(4
)
 
32

2022 to 2026
183

 
(22
)
 
161


Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company's investment policies for both the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets, including equity and fixed income securities, real estate, and private equity. Derivative instruments are used primarily to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. The Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
The composition of the Company's pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, along with the targeted mix of assets for each plan, is presented below:
 
Target
 
2016
 
2015
Pension plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
26
%
 
29
%
 
30
%
International equity
25

 
22

 
23

Fixed income
23

 
29

 
23

Special situations
3

 
2

 
2

Real estate investments
14

 
13

 
16

Private equity
9

 
5

 
6

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Other postretirement benefit plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
46
%
 
44
%
 
45
%
International equity
22

 
20

 
20

Domestic fixed income
24

 
29

 
27

Special situations
1

 
1

 
1

Real estate investments
4

 
4

 
5

Private equity
3

 
2

 
2

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%

The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Company employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies
Detailed below is a description of the investment strategies for each major asset category for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans disclosed above:
Domestic equity. A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
International equity. A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
Fixed income. A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Trust-owned life insurance (TOLI). Investments of the Company's taxable trusts aimed at minimizing the impact of taxes on the portfolio.
Special situations. Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.
Real estate investments. Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.
Private equity. Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
Following are the fair value measurements for the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The fair values presented are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
Valuation methods of the primary fair value measurements disclosed in the following tables are as follows:
Domestic and international equity. Investments in equity securities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on a public exchange are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity investments with unpublished prices (i.e. pooled funds) are valued as Level 2, when the underlying holdings used to value the investment are comprised of Level 1 or Level 2 equity securities.
Fixed income. Investments in fixed income securities are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
TOLI. Investments in TOLI policies are classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on the underlying investments held in the policy's separate account. The underlying assets are equity and fixed income pooled funds that are comprised of Level 1 and Level 2 securities.
Real estate investments, private equity, and special situations investments. Investments in real estate, private equity, and special situations are generally classified as Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient, since the underlying assets typically do not have publicly available observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. Techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets less liabilities.
The fair values of pension plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. For 2015, investments in special situations were presented in the table below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices
in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
477

 
$
220

 
$

 
$

 
$
697

International equity(*)
292

 
264

 

 

 
556

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
140

 

 

 
140

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
3

 

 

 
3

Corporate bonds

 
235

 

 

 
235

Pooled funds

 
124

 

 

 
124

Cash equivalents and other
236

 
1

 

 

 
237

Real estate investments
74

 

 

 
274

 
348

Special situations

 

 

 
43

 
43

Private equity

 

 

 
130

 
130

Total
$
1,079

 
$
987

 
$

 
$
447

 
$
2,513

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices
in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
403

 
$
168

 
$

 
$

 
$
571

International equity(*)
294

 
244

 

 

 
538

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
112

 

 

 
112

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
49

 

 

 
49

Corporate bonds

 
280

 

 

 
280

Pooled funds

 
123

 

 

 
123

Cash equivalents and other

 
36

 

 

 
36

Real estate investments
74

 

 

 
301

 
375

Private equity

 

 

 
157

 
157

Total
$
771

 
$
1,012

 
$

 
$
458

 
$
2,241


(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
The fair values of other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. For 2015, investments in special situations were presented in the table below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
51

 
$
10

 
$

 
$

 
$
61

International equity(*)
13

 
12

 

 

 
25

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
7

 

 

 
7

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 

 

 

 

Corporate bonds

 
10

 

 

 
10

Pooled funds

 
5

 

 

 
5

Cash equivalents and other
14

 

 

 

 
14

Trust-owned life insurance

 
220

 

 

 
220

Real estate investments
4

 

 

 
12

 
16

Special situations

 

 

 
2

 
2

Private equity

 

 

 
6

 
6

Total
$
82

 
$
264

 
$

 
$
20

 
$
366

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
57

 
$
8

 
$

 
$

 
$
65

International equity(*)
14

 
12

 

 

 
26

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
8

 

 

 
8

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
2

 

 

 
2

Corporate bonds

 
13

 

 

 
13

Pooled funds

 
6

 

 

 
6

Cash equivalents and other
1

 
2

 

 

 
3

Trust-owned life insurance

 
212

 

 

 
212

Real estate investments
5

 

 

 
14

 
19

Private equity

 

 

 
7

 
7

Total
$
77

 
$
263

 
$

 
$
21

 
$
361


(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
Employee Savings Plan
The Company also sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all employees. The Company provides an 85% matching contribution on up to 6% of an employee's base salary. Total matching contributions made to the plan for 2016, 2015, and 2014 were $23 million, $22 million, and $21 million, respectively.
Georgia Power [Member]  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company has a defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering substantially all employees. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). On December 19, 2016, the Company voluntarily contributed $287 million to the qualified pension plan. No mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2017. The Company also provides certain defined benefit pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, the Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The Company funds its other postretirement trusts to the extent required by the Georgia PSC and the FERC. For the year ending December 31, 2017, no other postretirement trust contributions are expected.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – benefit obligations
4.65
%
 
4.18
%
 
5.02
%
Discount rate – interest costs
3.86

 
4.18

 
5.02

Discount rate – service costs
5.03

 
4.49

 
5.02

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.20

 
8.20

 
8.20

Annual salary increase
4.46

 
3.59

 
3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – benefit obligations
4.49
%
 
4.03
%
 
4.85
%
Discount rate – interest costs
3.67

 
4.03

 
4.85

Discount rate – service costs
4.88

 
4.39

 
4.85

Expected long-term return on plan assets
6.27

 
6.48

 
6.75

Annual salary increase
4.46

 
3.59

 
3.59

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
2016

2015
Pension plans



Discount rate
4.40
%

4.65
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


4.46

Other postretirement benefit plans



Discount rate
4.23
%

4.49
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


4.46


The Company estimates the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of seven different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
Initial Cost Trend Rate
 
Ultimate Cost Trend Rate
 
Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-65
6.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
2025
Post-65 medical
5.00

 
4.50

 
2025
Post-65 prescription
10.00

 
4.50

 
2025

An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components at December 31, 2016 as follows:
 
1 Percent
Increase
 
1 Percent
Decrease
 
(in millions)
Benefit obligation
$
55

 
$
48

Service and interest costs
2

 
2


Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $3.5 billion at December 31, 2016 and $3.3 billion at December 31, 2015. Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
3,615

 
$
3,781

Service cost
70

 
73

Interest cost
136

 
154

Benefits paid
(164
)
 
(188
)
Actuarial (gain) loss
143

 
(205
)
Balance at end of year
3,800

 
3,615

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
3,196

 
3,383

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
288

 
(13
)
Employer contributions
301

 
14

Benefits paid
(164
)
 
(188
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
3,621

 
3,196

Accrued liability
$
(179
)
 
$
(419
)

At December 31, 2016, the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $3.6 billion and $152 million, respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
1,129

 
$
1,076

Other current liabilities
(14
)
 
(13
)
Employee benefit obligations
(165
)
 
(406
)

Presented below are the amounts included in regulatory assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017.
 
2016
 
2015
 
Estimated
Amortization
in 2017
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
17

 
$
8

 
$
3

Net (gain) loss
1,112

 
1,068

 
57

Regulatory assets
$
1,129

 
$
1,076

 
 

The changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Regulatory assets:
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
1,076

 
$
1,102

Net (gain) loss
99

 
59

Change in prior service costs
14

 

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(5
)
 
(9
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(55
)
 
(76
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(60
)
 
(85
)
Total change
53

 
(26
)
Ending balance
$
1,129

 
$
1,076


Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
70

 
$
73

 
$
62

Interest cost
136

 
154

 
153

Expected return on plan assets
(258
)
 
(251
)
 
(228
)
Recognized net (gain) loss
55

 
76

 
41

Net amortization
5

 
9

 
10

Net periodic pension cost
$
8

 
$
61

 
$
38


Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Company has elected to amortize changes in the market value of all plan assets over five years rather than recognize the changes immediately. As a result, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2016, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
(in millions)
2017
$
184

2018
190

2019
196

2020
202

2021
206

2022 to 2026
1,126


Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and in the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
854

 
$
864

Service cost
6

 
7

Interest cost
30

 
34

Benefits paid
(45
)
 
(45
)
Actuarial (gain) loss
(1
)
 
(22
)
Plan amendment

 
12

Retiree drug subsidy
3

 
4

Balance at end of year
847

 
854

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
358

 
395

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
21

 
(6
)
Employer contributions
17

 
10

Benefits paid
(42
)
 
(41
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
354

 
358

Accrued liability
$
(493
)
 
$
(496
)

Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
213

 
$
223

Employee benefit obligations
(493
)
 
(496
)

Presented below are the amounts included in regulatory assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017.
 
2016
 
2015
 
Estimated
Amortization
in 2017
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
6

 
$
8

 
$
1

Net (gain) loss
207

 
215

 
8

Regulatory assets
$
213

 
$
223

 
 

The changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Regulatory assets:
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
223

 
$
213

Net (gain) loss

 
9

Change in prior service costs

 
12

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(1
)
 

Amortization of net gain (loss)
(9
)
 
(11
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(10
)
 
(11
)
Total change
(10
)
 
10

Ending balance
$
213

 
$
223


Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
6

 
$
7

 
$
6

Interest cost
30

 
34

 
34

Expected return on plan assets
(22
)
 
(24
)
 
(25
)
Net amortization
10

 
11

 
2

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$
24

 
$
28

 
$
17


Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. Estimated benefit payments are reduced by drug subsidy receipts expected as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
Subsidy
Receipts
 
Total
 
(in millions)
2017
$
54

 
$
(4
)
 
$
50

2018
56

 
(5
)
 
51

2019
58

 
(5
)
 
53

2020
59

 
(5
)
 
54

2021
60

 
(6
)
 
54

2022 to 2026
303

 
(32
)
 
271


Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company's investment policies for both the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets, including equity and fixed income securities, real estate, and private equity. Derivative instruments are used primarily to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. The Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
The composition of the Company's pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, along with the targeted mix of assets for each plan, is presented below:
 
Target
 
2016
 
2015
Pension plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
26
%
 
29
%
 
30
%
International equity
25

 
22

 
23

Fixed income
23

 
29

 
23

Special situations
3

 
2

 
2

Real estate investments
14

 
13

 
16

Private equity
9

 
5

 
6

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Other postretirement benefit plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
36
%
 
35
%
 
34
%
International equity
24

 
24

 
27

Domestic fixed income
33

 
35

 
25

Global fixed income


 


 
8

Special situations
1

 
1

 

Real estate investments
4

 
4

 
4

Private equity
2

 
1

 
2

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%

The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Company employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies
Detailed below is a description of the investment strategies for each major asset category for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans disclosed above:
Domestic equity. A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
International equity. A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
Fixed income. A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Trust-owned life insurance (TOLI). Investments of the Company's taxable trusts aimed at minimizing the impact of taxes on the portfolio.
Special situations. Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.
Real estate investments. Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.
Private equity. Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
Following are the fair value measurements for the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The fair values presented are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
Valuation methods of the primary fair value measurements disclosed in the following tables are as follows:
Domestic and international equity. Investments in equity securities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on a public exchange are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity investments with unpublished prices (i.e. pooled funds) are valued as Level 2, when the underlying holdings used to value the investment are comprised of Level 1 or Level 2 equity securities.
Fixed income. Investments in fixed income securities are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
TOLI. Investments in TOLI policies are classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on the underlying investments held in the policy's separate account. The underlying assets are equity and fixed income pooled funds that are comprised of Level 1 and Level 2 securities.
Real estate investments, private equity, and special situations investments. Investments in real estate, private equity, and special situations are generally classified as Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient, since the underlying assets typically do not have publicly available observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. Techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets less liabilities.
The fair values of pension plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. For 2015, investments in special situations were presented in the table below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
686

 
$
317

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,003

International equity(*)
420

 
380

 

 

 
800

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
201

 

 

 
201

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
4

 

 

 
4

Corporate bonds

 
338

 

 

 
338

Pooled funds

 
179

 

 

 
179

Cash equivalents and other
340

 
1

 

 

 
341

Real estate investments
106

 

 

 
394

 
500

Special situations

 

 

 
61

 
61

Private equity

 

 

 
188

 
188

Total
$
1,552

 
$
1,420

 
$

 
$
643

 
$
3,615

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
565

 
$
236

 
$

 
$

 
$
801

International equity(*)
412

 
343

 

 

 
755

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
157

 

 

 
157

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
69

 

 

 
69

Corporate bonds

 
394

 

 

 
394

Pooled funds

 
173

 

 

 
173

Cash equivalents and other

 
50

 

 

 
50

Real estate investments
103

 

 

 
421

 
524

Private equity

 

 

 
220

 
220

Total
$
1,080

 
$
1,422

 
$

 
$
641

 
$
3,143


(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
The fair values of other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. For 2015, investments in special situations were presented in the table below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
45

 
$
9

 
$

 
$

 
$
54

International equity(*)
11

 
37

 

 

 
48

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
5

 

 

 
5

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 

 

 

 

Corporate bonds

 
9

 

 

 
9

Pooled funds

 
38

 

 

 
38

Cash equivalents and other
15

 

 

 

 
15

Trust-owned life insurance

 
162

 

 

 
162

Real estate investments
3

 

 

 
11

 
14

Special situations

 

 

 
2

 
2

Private equity

 

 

 
5

 
5

Total
$
74

 
$
260

 
$

 
$
18

 
$
352

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
30

 
$
36

 
$

 
$

 
$
66

International equity(*)
12

 
41

 

 

 
53

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency  bonds

 
5

 

 

 
5

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
2

 

 

 
2

Corporate bonds

 
12

 

 

 
12

Pooled funds

 
30

 

 

 
30

Cash equivalents and other
10

 
6

 

 

 
16

Trust-owned life insurance

 
158

 

 

 
158

Real estate investments
3

 

 

 
12

 
15

Private equity

 

 

 
7

 
7

Total
$
55

 
$
290

 
$

 
$
19

 
$
364


(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
Employee Savings Plan
The Company also sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all employees. The Company provides an 85% matching contribution on up to 6% of an employee's base salary. Total matching contributions made to the plan for 2016, 2015, and 2014 were $27 million, $26 million, and $25 million, respectively.
Gulf Power [Member]  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company has a defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering substantially all employees. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). On December 19, 2016, the Company voluntarily contributed $48 million to the qualified pension plan. No mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2017. The Company also provides certain defined benefit pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, the Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The Company funds its other postretirement trusts to the extent required by the FERC. For the year ending December 31, 2017, no other postretirement trust contributions are expected.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – benefit obligations
4.71
%
 
4.18
%
 
5.02
%
Discount rate – interest costs
3.97

 
4.18

 
5.02

Discount rate – service costs
5.04

 
4.48

 
5.02

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.20

 
8.20

 
8.20

Annual salary increase
4.46

 
3.59

 
3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – benefit obligations
4.51
%
 
4.04
%
 
4.86
%
Discount rate – interest costs
3.68

 
4.04

 
4.86

Discount rate – service costs
4.88

 
4.38

 
4.86

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.05

 
8.07

 
8.08

Annual salary increase
4.46

 
3.59

 
3.59

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
2016

2015
Pension plans



Discount rate
4.46
%

4.71
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


4.46

Other postretirement benefit plans



Discount rate
4.25
%

4.51
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


4.46


The Company estimates the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of seven different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
Initial Cost Trend Rate
 
Ultimate Cost Trend Rate
 
Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-65
6.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
2025
Post-65 medical
5.00

 
4.50

 
2025
Post-65 prescription
10.00

 
4.50

 
2025

An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components at December 31, 2016 as follows:
 
1 Percent
Increase
 
1 Percent
Decrease
 
(in millions)
Benefit obligation
$
4

 
$
3

Service and interest costs

 


Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $460 million at December 31, 2016 and $424 million at December 31, 2015. Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
480

 
$
491

Service cost
12

 
12

Interest cost
19

 
20

Benefits paid
(17
)
 
(20
)
Actuarial (gain) loss
23

 
(23
)
Balance at end of year
517

 
480

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
420

 
435

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
39

 
4

Employer contributions
49

 
1

Benefits paid
(17
)
 
(20
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
491

 
420

Accrued liability
$
(26
)
 
$
(60
)

At December 31, 2016, the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $494 million and $23 million, respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
153

 
$
142

Other current liabilities
(1
)
 
(1
)
Employee benefit obligations
(25
)
 
(59
)

Presented below are the amounts included in regulatory assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017.
 
2016
 
2015
 
Estimated Amortization in 2017
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
3

 
$
2

 
$
1

Net (gain) loss
150

 
140

 
7

Regulatory assets
$
153

 
$
142

 
 

The changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table:

2016
 
2015

(in millions)
Regulatory assets:


 


Beginning balance
$
142

 
$
146

Net (gain) loss
16

 
6

Change in prior service costs
2

 

Reclassification adjustments:

 

Amortization of prior service costs
(1
)
 
(1
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(6
)
 
(9
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(7
)
 
(10
)
Total change
11

 
(4
)
Ending balance
$
153

 
$
142


Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
12

 
$
12

 
$
10

Interest cost
19

 
20

 
19

Expected return on plan assets
(34
)
 
(32
)
 
(28
)
Recognized net (gain) loss
6

 
9

 
5

Net amortization
1

 
1

 
1

Net periodic pension cost
$
4

 
$
10

 
$
7


Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Company has elected to amortize changes in the market value of all plan assets over five years rather than recognize the changes immediately. As a result, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2016, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
(in millions)
2017
$
20

2018
22

2019
23

2020
24

2021
26

2022 to 2026
149


Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and in the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
81

 
$
78

Service cost
1

 
1

Interest cost
3

 
3

Benefits paid
(4
)
 
(4
)
Actuarial (gain) loss
2

 
(1
)
Plan amendment

 
4

Balance at end of year
83

 
81

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
17

 
18

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
2

 

Employer contributions
3

 
3

Benefits paid
(4
)
 
(4
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
18

 
17

Accrued liability
$
(65
)
 
$
(64
)

Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
11

 
$
10

Other current liabilities
(1
)
 
(1
)
Other regulatory liabilities, deferred
(4
)
 
(5
)
Employee benefit obligations
(64
)
 
(63
)

Approximately $7 million and $5 million was included in net regulatory assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, related to the net loss for the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost. The estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017 is immaterial.
The changes in the balance of net regulatory assets (liabilities) related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table:

2016
 
2015

(in millions)
Net regulatory assets (liabilities):


 


Beginning balance
$
5

 
$
2

Net (gain) loss
2

 
1

Change in prior service costs

 
2

Total change
2

 
3

Ending balance
$
7

 
$
5


Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
1

 
$
1

 
$
1

Interest cost
3

 
3

 
3

Expected return on plan assets
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$
3

 
$
3

 
$
3


Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. Estimated benefit payments are reduced by drug subsidy receipts expected as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
Subsidy
Receipts
 
Total
 
(in millions)
2017
$
5

 
$

 
$
5

2018
5

 

 
5

2019
6

 
(1
)
 
5

2020
6

 
(1
)
 
5

2021
6

 
(1
)
 
5

2022 to 2026
30

 
(3
)
 
27


Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company's investment policies for both the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets, including equity and fixed income securities, real estate, and private equity. Derivative instruments are used primarily to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. The Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
The composition of the Company's pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, along with the targeted mix of assets for each plan, is presented below:
 
Target
 
2016
 
2015
Pension plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
26
%
 
29
%
 
30
%
International equity
25

 
22

 
23

Fixed income
23

 
29

 
23

Special situations
3

 
2

 
2

Real estate investments
14

 
13

 
16

Private equity
9

 
5

 
6

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Other postretirement benefit plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
25
%
 
28
%
 
29
%
International equity
24

 
21

 
22

Domestic fixed income
25

 
31

 
25

Special situations
3

 
2

 
2

Real estate investments
14

 
13

 
16

Private equity
9

 
5

 
6

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%

The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Company employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies
Detailed below is a description of the investment strategies for each major asset category for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans disclosed above:
Domestic equity. A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
International equity. A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
Fixed income. A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Special situations. Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.
Real estate investments. Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.
Private equity. Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
Following are the fair value measurements for the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The fair values presented are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
Valuation methods of the primary fair value measurements disclosed in the following tables are as follows:
Domestic and international equity. Investments in equity securities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on a public exchange are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity investments with unpublished prices (i.e. pooled funds) are valued as Level 2, when the underlying holdings used to value the investment are comprised of Level 1 or Level 2 equity securities.
Fixed income. Investments in fixed income securities are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
Real estate investments, private equity, and special situations investments. Investments in real estate, private equity, and special situations are generally classified as Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient, since the underlying assets typically do not have publicly available observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. Techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets less liabilities.
The fair values of pension plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. For 2015, investments in special situations were presented in the table below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
93

 
$
43

 
$

 
$

 
$
136

International equity(*)
57

 
52

 

 

 
109

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
27

 

 

 
27

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
1

 

 

 
1

Corporate bonds

 
47

 

 

 
47

Pooled funds

 
24

 

 

 
24

Cash equivalents and other
46

 

 

 

 
46

Real estate investments
14

 

 

 
53

 
67

Special situations

 

 

 
8

 
8

Private equity

 

 

 
25

 
25

Total
$
210

 
$
194

 
$

 
$
86

 
$
490

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
73

 
$
31

 
$

 
$

 
$
104

International equity(*)
54

 
45

 

 

 
99

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
21

 

 

 
21

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
9

 

 

 
9

Corporate bonds

 
51

 

 

 
51

Pooled funds

 
23

 

 

 
23

Cash equivalents and other

 
7

 

 

 
7

Real estate investments
14

 

 

 
55

 
69

Private equity

 

 

 
29

 
29

Total
$
141

 
$
187

 
$

 
$
84

 
$
412


(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
The fair values of other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
3

 
$
2

 
$

 
$

 
$
5

International equity(*)
2

 
2

 

 

 
4

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Corporate bonds

 
2

 

 

 
2

Pooled funds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Cash equivalents and other
2

 

 

 

 
2

Real estate investments
1

 

 

 
2

 
3

Private equity

 

 

 
1

 
1

Total
$
8

 
$
8

 
$

 
$
3

 
$
19

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
3

 
$
1

 
$

 
$

 
$
4

International equity(*)
2

 
2

 

 

 
4

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Corporate bonds

 
2

 

 

 
2

Pooled funds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Cash equivalents and other
1

 

 

 

 
1

Real estate investments
1

 

 

 
2

 
3

Private equity

 

 

 
1

 
1

Total
$
7

 
$
7

 
$

 
$
3

 
$
17


(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
Employee Savings Plan
The Company also sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all employees. The Company provides an 85% matching contribution on up to 6% of an employee's base salary. Total matching contributions made to the plan for 2016, 2015, and 2014 were $5 million, $4 million, and $4 million, respectively.
Mississippi Power [Member]  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company has a defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering substantially all employees. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). On December 19, 2016, the Company voluntarily contributed $47 million to the qualified pension plan. No mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2017. The Company also provides certain defined benefit pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, the Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The Company funds its other postretirement trusts to the extent required by the FERC. For the year ending December 31, 2017, no other postretirement trust contributions are expected.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – benefit obligations
4.69
%
 
4.17
%
 
5.01
%
Discount rate – interest costs
3.97

 
4.17

 
5.01

Discount rate – service costs
5.04

 
4.49

 
5.01

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.20

 
8.20

 
8.20

Annual salary increase
4.46

 
3.59

 
3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – benefit obligations
4.47
%
 
4.03
%
 
4.85
%
Discount rate – interest costs
3.66

 
4.03

 
4.85

Discount rate – service costs
4.88

 
4.38

 
4.85

Expected long-term return on plan assets
7.07

 
7.23

 
7.30

Annual salary increase
4.46

 
3.59

 
3.59

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
2016
 
2015
Pension plans
 
 
 
Discount rate
4.44
%
 
4.69
%
Annual salary increase
4.46

 
4.46

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
Discount rate
4.22
%
 
4.47
%
Annual salary increase
4.46

 
4.46


The Company estimates the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of seven different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
Initial Cost Trend Rate
 
Ultimate Cost Trend Rate
 
Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-65
6.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
2025
Post-65 medical
5.00

 
4.50

 
2025
Post-65 prescription
10.00

 
4.50

 
2025

An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components at December 31, 2016 as follows:
 
1 Percent
Increase
 
1 Percent
Decrease
 
(in millions)
Benefit obligation
$
5

 
$
4

Service and interest costs

 


Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $479 million at December 31, 2016 and $447 million at December 31, 2015. Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
500

 
$
513

Service cost
13

 
13

Interest cost
19

 
21

Benefits paid
(20
)
 
(22
)
Actuarial (gain) loss
22

 
(25
)
Balance at end of year
534

 
500

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
430

 
446

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
39

 
4

Employer contributions
50

 
2

Benefits paid
(20
)
 
(22
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
499

 
430

Accrued liability
$
(35
)
 
$
(70
)

At December 31, 2016, the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $504 million and $30 million, respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
154

 
$
144

Other current liabilities
(3
)
 
(3
)
Employee benefit obligations
(32
)
 
(67
)

Presented below are the amounts included in regulatory assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017.
 
2016
 
2015
 
Estimated Amortization in 2017
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
3

 
$
2

 
$
1

Net (gain) loss
151

 
142

 
7

Regulatory assets
$
154

 
$
144

 
 

The changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Regulatory assets:
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
144

 
$
151

Net (gain) loss
16

 
4

Change in prior service costs
2

 

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(1
)
 
(1
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(7
)
 
(10
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(8
)
 
(11
)
Total change
10

 
(7
)
Ending balance
$
154

 
$
144


Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
13

 
$
13

 
$
10

Interest cost
19

 
21

 
20

Expected return on plan assets
(35
)
 
(33
)
 
(29
)
Recognized net (gain) loss
7

 
10

 
5

Net amortization
1

 
1

 
1

Net periodic pension cost
$
5

 
$
12

 
$
7


Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Company has elected to amortize changes in the market value of all plan assets over five years rather than recognize the changes immediately. As a result, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2016, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
(in millions)
2017
$
22

2018
23

2019
24

2020
26

2021
27

2022 to 2026
154


Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and in the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
97

 
$
96

Service cost
1

 
1

Interest cost
3

 
4

Benefits paid
(6
)
 
(5
)
Actuarial (gain) loss
1

 
(1
)
Plan amendment

 
1

Retiree drug subsidy
1

 
1

Balance at end of year
97

 
97

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
23

 
24

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
1

 

Employer contributions
4

 
3

Benefits paid
(5
)
 
(4
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
23

 
23

Accrued liability
$
(74
)
 
$
(74
)

Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
21

 
$
21

Other regulatory liabilities, deferred
(2
)
 
(3
)
Employee benefit obligations
(74
)
 
(74
)

Approximately $19 million and $18 million was included in net regulatory assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, related to the net loss for the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost. The estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017 is $1 million.
The changes in the balance of net regulatory assets (liabilities) related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table:
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Net regulatory assets (liabilities):
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
18

 
$
16

Net (gain) loss
2

 

Change in prior service costs

 
3

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(1
)
 
(1
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(1
)
 
(1
)
Total change
1

 
2

Ending balance
$
19

 
$
18


Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
1

 
$
1

 
$
1

Interest cost
3

 
4

 
4

Expected return on plan assets
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Net amortization
1

 
1

 

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$
4

 
$
4

 
$
3


Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. Estimated benefit payments are reduced by drug subsidy receipts expected as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
Subsidy
Receipts
 
Total
 
(in millions)
2017
$
6

 
$
(1
)
 
$
5

2018
6

 
(1
)
 
5

2019
7

 
(1
)
 
6

2020
7

 
(1
)
 
6

2021
7

 
(1
)
 
6

2022 to 2026
36

 
(1
)
 
35


Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Internal Revenue Code). The Company's investment policies for both the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets, including equity and fixed income securities, real estate, and private equity. Derivative instruments are used primarily to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. The Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
The composition of the Company's pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, along with the targeted mix of assets for each plan, is presented below:
 
Target
 
2016
 
2015
Pension plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
26
%
 
29
%
 
30
%
International equity
25

 
22

 
23

Fixed income
23

 
29

 
23

Special situations
3

 
2

 
2

Real estate investments
14

 
13

 
16

Private equity
9

 
5

 
6

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Other postretirement benefit plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
21
%
 
23
%
 
24
%
International equity
20

 
18

 
18

Domestic fixed income
38

 
43

 
38

Special situations
3

 
2

 
2

Real estate investments
11

 
10

 
13

Private equity
7

 
4

 
5

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%

The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Company employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies
Detailed below is a description of the investment strategies for each major asset category for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans disclosed above:
Domestic equity. A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
International equity. A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
Fixed income. A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Special situations. Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.
Real estate investments. Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.
Private equity. Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
Following are the fair value measurements for the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The fair values presented are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
Valuation methods of the primary fair value measurements disclosed in the following tables are as follows:
Domestic and international equity. Investments in equity securities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on a public exchange are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity investments with unpublished prices (i.e. pooled funds) are valued as Level 2, when the underlying holdings used to value the investment are comprised of Level 1 or Level 2 equity securities.
Fixed income. Investments in fixed income securities are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
Real estate investments, private equity, and special situations investments. Investments in real estate, private equity, and special situations are generally classified as Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient, since the underlying assets typically do not have publicly available observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. Techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets less liabilities.
The fair values of pension plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. For 2015, investments in special situations were presented in the table below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
95

 
$
44

 
$

 
$

 
$
139

International equity(*)
58

 
51

 

 

 
109

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
28

 

 

 
28

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
1

 

 

 
1

Corporate bonds

 
46

 

 

 
46

Pooled funds

 
25

 

 

 
25

Cash equivalents and other
47

 

 

 

 
47

Real estate investments
15

 

 

 
54

 
69

Special situations

 

 

 
8

 
8

Private equity

 

 

 
26

 
26

Total
$
215

 
$
195

 
$

 
$
88

 
$
498

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
76

 
$
32

 
$

 
$

 
$
108

International equity(*)
55

 
46

 

 

 
101

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
21

 

 

 
21

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
9

 

 

 
9

Corporate bonds

 
53

 

 

 
53

Pooled funds

 
23

 

 

 
23

Cash equivalents and other

 
7

 

 

 
7

Real estate investments
14

 

 

 
57

 
71

Private equity

 

 

 
30

 
30

Total
$
145

 
$
191

 
$

 
$
87

 
$
423


(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
The fair values of other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2016:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
4

 
$
2

 
$

 
$

 
$
6

International equity(*)
2

 
2

 

 

 
4

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
5

 

 

 
5

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 

 

 

 

Corporate bonds

 
2

 

 

 
2

Pooled funds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Cash equivalents and other
2

 

 

 

 
2

Real estate investments
1

 

 

 
2

 
3

Private equity

 

 

 
1

 
1

Total
$
9

 
$
12

 
$

 
$
3

 
$
24

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
3

 
$
1

 
$

 
$

 
$
4

International equity(*)
2

 
2

 

 

 
4

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
6

 

 

 
6

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 

 

 

 

Corporate bonds

 
2

 

 

 
2

Pooled funds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Cash equivalents and other
1

 

 

 

 
1

Real estate investments
1

 

 

 
3

 
4

Private equity

 

 

 
1

 
1

Total
$
7

 
$
12

 
$

 
$
4

 
$
23


(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
Employee Savings Plan
The Company also sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all employees. The Company provides an 85% matching contribution on up to 6% of an employee's base salary. Total matching contributions made to the plan for 2016, 2015, and 2014 were $5 million each year.
Southern Company Gas [Member]  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Effective July 1, 2016, in connection with the Merger, SCS became the sponsor of the Company's pension and other post-retirement benefit plans.
The Company has a qualified defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan – AGL Resources Inc. Retirement Plan – covering certain eligible employees, which was closed in 2012 to new employees. The qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). On September 12, 2016, the Company voluntarily contributed $125 million to the qualified pension plan. No mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2017. The Company also provides certain non-qualified defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, the Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for eligible retired employees through a postretirement benefit plan – AGL Welfare Plan. The Company also has a separate unfunded supplemental retirement health care plan that provides medical care and life insurance benefits to employees of discontinued businesses. For the year ending December 31, 2017, no other postretirement trust contributions are expected.
In connection with the Merger, the Company performed updated valuations of its pension and other postretirement benefit plan assets and obligations to reflect actual census data at the new measurement date of July 1, 2016. This valuation resulted in increases to the projected benefit obligations for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans of approximately $177 million and $20 million, respectively, a decrease in the fair value of pension plan assets of $10 million, and an increase in the fair value of other postretirement benefit plan assets of $1 million. The Company also recorded a related regulatory asset of $437 million related to unrecognized prior service cost and actuarial gain/loss, as it is probable that this amount will be recovered through future rates for the natural gas distribution utilities. The previously unrecognized prior service cost and actuarial gain/loss related to non-utility subsidiaries were eliminated through purchase accounting adjustments.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the periods presented and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
July 1, 2016 through December 31,
 
 
January 1, 2016 through June 30,
 
Years Ended December 31,
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:
2016
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – interest costs(a)
3.21
%
 
 
4.00
%
 
4.20
%
 
5.00
%
Discount rate – service costs(a)
4.07

 
 
4.80

 
4.20

 
5.00

Expected long-term return on plan assets
7.75

 
 
7.80

 
7.80

 
7.80

Annual salary increase
3.50

 
 
3.70

 
3.70

 
3.70

Pension band increase(b)
2.00

 
 
2.00

 
2.00

 
2.00

Other postretirement benefit plans
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – interest costs(a)
2.84
%
 
 
3.60
%
 
4.00
%
 
4.70
%
Discount rate – service costs(a)
3.96

 
 
4.70

 
4.00

 
4.70

Expected long-term return on plan assets
5.93

 
 
6.60

 
7.80

 
7.80

Annual salary increase
3.50

 
 
3.70

 
3.70

 
3.70

(a)
Effective January 1, 2016, the Company uses a spot rate approach to estimate the service cost and interest cost components. Previously, the Company estimated these components using a single weighted average discount rate.
(b)
Only applicable to Nicor Gas union employees. The pension bands for the former Nicor plan reflect the negotiated rates of 2.0% for each of 2016 and 2017, in accordance with a March 2014 union agreement.
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
December 31, 2016
 
 
December 31, 2015
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
4.39
%
 
 
4.6
%
Annual salary increase
3.50

 
 
3.7

Pension band increase(*)
2.00

 
 
2.0

Other postretirement benefit plans
 

 
 
 
Discount rate
4.15
%
 
 
4.4
%
Annual salary increase
3.50

 
 
3.7

(*)
Only applicable to Nicor Gas union employees. The pension bands for the former Nicor plan reflect the negotiated rates of 2.0% for each of 2016 and 2017, in accordance with a March 2014 union agreement.
The Company estimates the expected return on plans assets by evaluating expected bond returns, equity risk premiums, asset allocations, the effects of active plan management, the impact of periodic plan asset rebalancing, and historical performance. The Company also considers guidance from its investment advisors in making a final determination of its expected rate of return on assets. To the extent the actual rate of return on assets realized over the course of a year is greater or less than the assumed rate, it does not affect that year's annual pension or welfare plan cost; rather, this gain or loss reduces or increases future pension or welfare plan costs.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
Initial Cost Trend Rate
 
Ultimate Cost Trend Rate
 
Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-65
6.60
%
 
4.50
%
 
2038
Post-65 medical
8.40

 
4.50

 
2038
Post-65 prescription
8.40

 
4.50

 
2038

An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components as follows:
 
1 Percent Increase
 
1 Percent Decrease
 
(in millions)
Successor – December 31, 2016
 
 
 
Benefit obligation
$
14

 
$
12

Service and interest costs

 


Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $1.1 billion at December 31, 2016 and $1.0 billion at December 31, 2015. Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for the successor period ended December 31, 2016 and for the predecessor periods ended June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
July 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016
 
 
January 1, 2016 through June 30, 2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
 
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of period
$
1,244

 
 
$
1,067

 
$
1,098

Service cost
15

 
 
13

 
28

Interest cost
20

 
 
21

 
45

Benefits paid
(31
)
 
 
(26
)
 
(49
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(115
)
 
 
169

 
(55
)
Balance at end of period
1,133

 
 
1,244

 
1,067

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period
837

 
 
847

 
906

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
48

 
 
15

 
(12
)
Employer contributions
129

 
 
1

 
2

Benefits paid
(31
)
 
 
(26
)
 
(49
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of period
983

 
 
837

 
847

Accrued liability
$
150

 
 
$
407

 
$
220


At December 31, 2016, the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $1.1 billion and $39 million, respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
2016
 
 
2015
 
(in millions)
 
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
267

 
 
$
88

Other deferred charges and assets
58

 
 
78

Other current liabilities
(2
)
 
 
(4
)
Employee benefit obligations
(206
)
 
 
(294
)

Presented below are the amounts included in accumulated OCI and regulatory assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017.
 
Prior Service Cost
Net (Gain) Loss
 
(in millions)
Successor – Balance at December 31, 2016:
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$

$
(43
)
Regulatory assets (liabilities)
(2
)
269

Total
$
(2
)
$
226

 
 
 
Predecessor – Balance at December 31, 2015:
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$
(4
)
$
286

Regulatory assets

88

Total
$
(4
)
$
374

Estimated amortization in net periodic cost in 2017:
 
 
Regulatory assets (liabilities)
$
1

$
(21
)

The components of OCI and the changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the successor period ended December 31, 2016 and for the predecessor periods ended June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are presented in the following table:
 
Accumulated OCI
 
Regulatory Assets
 
(in millions)
Predecessor – Balance at December 31, 2014:
$
301

 
$
76

Net (gain) loss

 
22

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
2

 

Amortization of net loss
(21
)
 
(10
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(19
)
 
(10
)
Total change
(19
)
 
12

Predecessor – Balance at December 31, 2015:
$
282

 
$
88

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
1

 

Amortization of net loss
(9
)
 
(4
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(8
)
 
(4
)
Total change
(8
)
 
(4
)
Predecessor – Balance at June 30, 2016:
$
274

 
$
84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Successor – Balance at July 1, 2016:
$

 
$
368

Net (gain) loss
(43
)
 
(87
)
Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs

 
1

Amortization of net loss

 
(15
)
Total reclassification adjustments

 
(14
)
Total change
(43
)
 
(101
)
Successor – Balance at December 31, 2016:
$
(43
)
 
$
267


Components of net periodic pension costs for the periods presented were as follows:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
July 1, 2016 through December 31,
 
 
January 1, 2016 through June 30,
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
 
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
15

 
 
$
13

 
$
28

 
$
24

Interest cost
20

 
 
21

 
45

 
47

Expected return on plan assets
(35
)
 
 
(33
)
 
(65
)
 
(65
)
Amortization of regulatory assets
13

 
 

 

 

Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prior service costs

 
 
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Net (gain)/loss

 
 
13

 
31

 
22

Net periodic pension cost
$
13

 
 
$
13

 
$
37

 
$
26


Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2016, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit Payments
 
(in millions)
2017
$
71

2018
72

2019
73

2020
74

2021
74

2022 to 2026
363


Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and the fair value of plan assets for the successor period ended December 31, 2016 and for the predecessor periods ended June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
July 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016
 
 
January 1, 2016 through June 30, 2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
 
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of period
$
338

 
 
$
318

 
$
334

Service cost
1

 
 
1

 
2

Interest cost
5

 
 
5

 
13

Benefits paid
(11
)
 
 
(11
)
 
(20
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(26
)
 
 
24

 
(13
)
Retiree drug subsidy

 
 

 
1

Employee contributions
1

 
 
1

 
1

Balance at end of period
308

 
 
338

 
318

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period
100

 
 
99

 
99

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
4

 
 
1

 
1

Employee contributions
1

 
 
1

 
1

Employer contributions
11

 
 
10

 
17

Benefits paid
(11
)
 
 
(11
)
 
(20
)
Retiree drug subsidy

 
 

 
1

Fair value of plan assets at end of year
105

 
 
100

 
99

Accrued liability
$
203

 
 
$
238

 
$
219


Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
2016
 
 
2015
 
(in millions)
 
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
52


 
$
30

Employee benefit obligations
(203
)
 
 
(219
)

Presented below are the amounts included in accumulated OCI and regulatory assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost. The estimated amortization of such amounts for 2017 is immaterial.
 
Prior Service Cost
Net (Gain) Loss
 
(in millions)
Successor – Balance at December 31, 2016:
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$

$
(3
)
Regulatory assets (liabilities)
(12
)
64

Total
$
(12
)
$
61

 
 
 
Predecessor – Balance at December 31, 2015:
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$

$
36

Regulatory assets (liabilities)
(15
)
45

Total
$
(15
)
$
81


The components of OCI, along with the changes in the balance of regulatory assets (liabilities), related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the successor period ended December 31, 2016 and for the predecessor periods ended June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are presented in the following table:
 
Accumulated OCI
Regulatory Assets
 
(in millions)
Predecessor – Balance at December 31, 2014:
$
36

$
39

Net (gain) loss
2

(8
)
Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs

2

Amortization of net loss
(2
)
(3
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(2
)
(1
)
Total change

(9
)
Predecessor – Balance at December 31, 2015:
$
36

$
30

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs

1

Amortization of net loss
(1
)
(1
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(1
)

Total change
(1
)

Predecessor – Balance at June 30, 2016:
$
35

$
30

 
 
 
 
 
 
Successor – Balance at July 1, 2016:
$

$
77

Net (gain) loss
(3
)
(23
)
Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs

1

Amortization of net loss

(3
)
Total reclassification adjustments

(2
)
Total change
(3
)
(25
)
Successor – Balance at December 31, 2016:
$
(3
)
$
52


Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost for the periods presented were as follows:
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
 
July 1, 2016 through December 31,
 
 
January 1, 2016 through June 30,
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
 
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
1

 
 
$
1

 
$
2

 
$
2

Interest cost
5

 
 
5

 
13

 
15

Expected return on plan assets
(3
)
 
 
(3
)
 
(7
)
 
(7
)
Amortization of regulatory assets
2

 
 

 

 

Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prior service costs

 
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Net (gain)/loss

 
 
2

 
6

 
6

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$
5

 
 
$
4

 
$
11

 
$
13


Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. At December 31, 2016, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit Payments
 
(in millions)
2017
$
20

2018
20

2019
21

2020
22

2021
22

2022 to 2026
111


Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company's investment policies for both the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets, including equity and fixed income securities, real estate, and private equity. The Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
The assets of the AGL Resources Inc. Retirement Plan (AGL plan) were allocated 69% equity, 20% fixed income, 1% cash, and 10% other at December 31, 2016 compared to the Company's targets of 53% equity, 15% fixed income, 2% cash, and 30% other. The investment policy provides for variation around the target asset allocation in the form of ranges.
The assets of the Company's other postretirement benefit plan were allocated 74% equity, 23% fixed income, 1% cash, and 2% other at December 31, 2016 compared to the Company's targets of 72% equity, 24% fixed income, 1% cash, and 3% other. The investment policy provides for variation around the target asset allocation in the form of ranges.
The assets of the AGL plan and the Company's other postretirement benefit plan were each allocated 72% equity and 28% fixed income at December 31, 2015 compared to the Company's targets of 70% to 95% equity, 5% to 20% fixed income, and up to 10% cash. The investment policies provided for some variation in these targets in the form of ranges around the target.
The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Company employs a formal rebalancing program for its pension plan assets. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies
Detailed below is a description of the investment strategies for the successor period for each major asset category for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans disclosed above:
Domestic equity. A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
International equity. A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
Fixed income. A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Special situations. Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.
Real estate investments. Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.
Private equity. Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
The investment strategies for the predecessor periods followed a policy to preserve the plans' capital and maximize investment earnings in excess of inflation within acceptable levels of capital market volatility. To accomplish this goal, the plans' assets were managed to optimize long-term return while maintaining a high standard of portfolio quality and diversification. In developing the allocation policy for the assets of the pension and other postretirement benefit plans, the Company examined projections of asset returns and volatility over a long-term horizon. In connection with this analysis, the risk and return trade-offs of alternative asset classes and asset mixes were evaluated given long-term historical relationships as well as prospective capital market returns. The Company also conducted asset-liability studies to match projected asset growth with projected liability growth to determine whether there is sufficient liquidity for projected benefit payments. Asset mix guidelines were developed by incorporating the results of these analyses with an assessment of the Company's risk posture, and taking into account industry practices. The Company periodically evaluated its investment strategy to ensure that plan assets were sufficient to meet the benefit obligations of the plans. As part of the ongoing evaluation, the Company made changes to its targeted asset allocations and investment strategy.
Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
Following are the fair value measurements for the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The fair values presented are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation for the successor period, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
Valuation methods of the primary fair value measurements disclosed in the 2016 tables are as follows:
Domestic and international equity. Investments in equity securities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on a public exchange are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity investments with unpublished prices (i.e. pooled funds) are valued as Level 2, when the underlying holdings used to value the investment are comprised of Level 1 or Level 2 equity securities.
Fixed income. Investments in fixed income securities are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
Real estate investments, private equity, and special situations investments. Investments in real estate, private equity, and special situations are generally classified as Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient, since the underlying assets typically do not have publicly available observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. Techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets less liabilities.
For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation for the predecessor periods, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
The fair values of pension plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. For 2016, special situations (absolute return and hedge funds) investment assets are presented in the table below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices
in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
Successor – As of December 31, 2016
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
142

 
$
343

 
$

 
$

 
$
485

International equity(*)

 
185

 

 

 
185

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
85

 

 

 
85

Corporate bonds

 
41

 

 

 
41

Pooled funds

 
66

 

 

 
66

Cash equivalents and other
12

 
5

 

 
83

 
100

Real estate investments
4

 

 

 
15

 
19

Private equity

 

 

 
2

 
2

Total
$
158

 
$
725

 
$

 
$
100

 
$
983

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

 
 
Predecessor – As of December 31, 2015
 
 
Pension plans (a)
In millions
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
% of total
Cash
 
$
4

 
$

 
$

 
$
4

 
%
Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. large cap(b)
 
$
75

 
$
199

 
$

 
$
274

 
32
%
U.S. small cap(b)
 
57

 
24

 

 
81

 
9
%
International companies(c)
 

 
125

 

 
125

 
15
%
Emerging markets(d)
 

 
28

 

 
28

 
3
%
Total equity securities
 
$
132

 
$
376

 
$

 
$
508

 
59
%
Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate bonds(e)
 
$

 
$
91

 
$

 
$
91

 
11
%
Other (or gov't/muni bonds)
 

 
151

 

 
151

 
18
%
Total fixed income securities
 
$

 
$
242

 
$

 
$
242

 
29
%
Other types of investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global hedged equity(f)
 
$

 
$

 
$
40

 
$
40

 
5
%
Absolute return(g)
 

 

 
42

 
42

 
5
%
Private capital(h)
 

 

 
20

 
20

 
2
%
Total other investments
 
$

 
$

 
$
102

 
$
102

 
12
%
Total assets at fair value
 
$
136

 
$
618

 
$
102

 
$
856

 
100
%
% of fair value hierarchy
 
16
%
 
72
%
 
12
%
 
100
%
 
 

(a)
Includes $9 million at December 31, 2015 of medical benefit (health and welfare) component for 401(h) accounts to fund a portion of the other retirement benefits.
(b)
Includes funds that invest primarily in U.S. common stocks.
(c)
Includes funds that invest primarily in foreign equity and equity-related securities.
(d)
Includes funds that invest primarily in common stocks of emerging markets.
(e)
Includes funds that invest primarily in investment grade debt and fixed income securities.
(f)
Includes funds that invest in limited/general partnerships, managed accounts, and other investment entities issued by non-traditional firms or "hedge funds."
(g)
Includes funds that invest primarily in investment vehicles and commodity pools as a "fund of funds."
(h)
Includes funds that invest in private equity and small buyout funds, partnership investments, direct investments, secondary investments, directly/indirectly in real estate and may invest in equity securities of real estate related companies, real estate mortgage loans, and real estate mezzanine loans.
The fair values of other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. For 2016, special situations (absolute return and hedge funds) investment assets are presented in the table below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
Successor – As of December 31, 2016
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity(*)
$
3

 
$
58

 
$

 
$

 
$
61

International equity(*)

 
18

 

 

 
18

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Pooled funds

 
23

 

 

 
23

Cash equivalents and other
1

 

 

 
2

 
3

Total
$
4

 
$
99

 
$

 
$
2

 
$
105

(*)
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
 
Predecessor – As of December 31, 2015
 
 
Welfare plans
In millions
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
% of total
Cash
 
$
1

 
$

 
$

 
$
1

 
1
%
Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. large cap(a)
 
$

 
$
52

 
$

 
$
52

 
58
%
U.S. small cap(a)
 

 

 

 

 
%
International companies(b)
 

 
15

 

 
15

 
17
%
Emerging markets(c)
 

 

 

 

 
%
Total equity securities
 
$

 
$
67

 
$

 
$
67

 
75
%
Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate bonds(d)
 
$

 
$
22

 
$

 
$
22

 
24
%
Other (or gov't/muni bonds)
 

 

 

 

 
%
Total fixed income securities
 
$

 
$
22

 
$

 
$
22

 
24
%
Other types of investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global hedged equity(e)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
%
Absolute return(f)
 

 

 

 

 
%
Private capital(g)
 

 

 

 

 
%
Total other investments
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
%
Total assets at fair value
 
$
1

 
$
89

 
$

 
$
90

 
100
%
% of fair value hierarchy
 
1
%
 
99
%
 
%
 
100
%
 
 
(a)
Includes funds that invest primarily in U.S. common stocks.
(b)
Includes funds that invest primarily in foreign equity and equity-related securities.
(c)
Includes funds that invest primarily in common stocks of emerging markets.
(d)
Includes funds that invest primarily in investment grade debt and fixed income securities.
(e)
Includes funds that invest in limited/general partnerships, managed accounts, and other investment entities issued by non-traditional firms or "hedge funds."
(f)
Includes funds that invest primarily in investment vehicles and commodity pools as a "fund of funds."
(g)
Includes funds that invest in private equity and small buyout funds, partnership investments, direct investments, secondary investments, directly/indirectly in real estate and may invest in equity securities of real estate related companies, real estate mortgage loans, and real estate mezzanine loans.
Employee Savings Plan
SCS sponsors 401(k) defined contribution plans covering certain eligible Southern Company Gas employees. The AGL Resources Inc. 401(k) plans provide matching contributions of either 65% on up to 8% of an employee's eligible compensation, or a 100% matching contribution on up to 3% of an employee's eligible compensation, followed by a 75% matching contribution on up to the next 3% of an employee's eligible compensation. Total matching contributions made to the AGL Resources Inc. 401(k) plans for the successor period ended December 31, 2016 were $8 million and for the predecessor periods ended June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $10 million, $16 million, and $14 million, respectively.
For employees not accruing a benefit under the AGL Resources Inc. Retirement Plan, additional contributions made to the 401(k) plans for the successor period ended December 31, 2016 were not material and for the predecessor periods ended June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $2 million, $2 million, and $1 million, respectively.