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Restructuring and Other Charges
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring and Other Charges Restructuring and Other Charges
Restructuring and other charges were comprised of the following:
For the year ended December 31,202020192018
Layoff costs$113 $69 $18 
Reversals of and adjustments to previously recorded layoff reserves(21)(6)(8)
Pension, Other post-retirement benefits (costs) and deferred compensation - net settlement and curtailments69 (7)91 
Non-cash asset impairments (O)
5 442 9 
Net loss on divestitures of assets and businesses (U)
8 63 43 
Other8 21 10 
Restructuring and other charges$182 $582 $163 
Layoff costs were recorded based on approved detailed action plans submitted by the operating locations that specified positions to be eliminated, benefits to be paid under existing severance plans, union contracts or statutory requirements and the expected timetable for completion of the plans.
2020 Actions. In 2020, Howmet recorded Restructuring and other charges of $182, which included a $113 charge for layoff costs, including the separation of 4,301 employees (1,706 in Engine Products, 1,675 in Fastening Systems, 805 in Engineered Structures, 92 in Forged Wheels and 23 in Corporate); a $69 net charge for Pension, Other postretirement benefits and deferred compensation - net settlement and curtailments composed of a $74 charge for U.K. and U.S. pension plans' settlement accounting offset by a $3 benefit from the termination of a deferred compensation plan and a $2 curtailment benefit related to a
postretirement plan; a $5 post-closing adjustment related to the sale of the Company’s U.K. forgings business (which was formerly part of the Engine Products segment); a $5 charge for impairment of assets associated with an agreement to sell an aerospace components business in the U.K. (within the Engineered Structures segment) that did not occur and the business was returned to held for use; $5 charge related to the impairment of a cost method investment; a $2 charge for accelerated depreciation; a $1 charge for impairment of assets due to a facility sale and a $6 charge for various other exit costs. These charges were partially offset by a benefit of $21 related to the reversal of a number of prior period programs and a gain of $3 on the sale of assets.
As of December 31, 2020, 3,519 of the 4,301 employees were separated. The remaining separations for the 2020 restructuring programs are expected to be completed in 2021.
2019 Actions. In 2019, Howmet recorded Restructuring and other charges of $582 which included a $428 charge for impairment of the Disks long-lived asset group; a $69 charge for layoff costs, including the separation of 917 employees (103 in Engine Products, 128 in Engineered Structures, 132 in Fastening Systems, 60 in Forged Wheels and 494 in Corporate); a $46 charge for impairment of assets associated with an agreement to sell the UK forging business; a $14 charge for impairment of properties, plants, and equipment related to the Company’s primary research and development facility; a $13 loss on sale of assets primarily related to a small additive business; a $12 charge for other exit costs from lease terminations primarily related to the exit of the corporate aircraft; a $9 settlement accounting charge for U.S. pension plans; a $5 charge for impairment of a cost method investment; a $2 net charge for executive severance net of the benefit of forfeited executive stock compensation and a $7 charge for other exit costs; partially offset by a benefit of $16 related to the elimination of the life insurance benefit for the U.S. salaried and non-bargaining hourly retirees of the Company and its subsidiaries; a benefit of $6 for the reversal of a number of layoff reserves related to prior periods and a net gain of $1 on the sales of assets.
In 2019 the Company recorded an impairment charge of $428 related to the Disks long-lived asset group, of which $247 and $181 was related to the Engine Products and Engineered Structures segments, respectively, as the carrying value exceeded the forecasted undiscounted cash flows composed of a write-down of properties, plants and equipment, intangible assets and certain other noncurrent assets. See Note O for additional details.
As of December 31, 2020, the separations associated with the 2019 restructuring programs were essentially complete.
2018 Actions. In 2018, Howmet recorded Restructuring and other charges of $163, which included a $96 charge for pension plan settlement accounting; a $23 charge for pension curtailment; a postretirement curtailment benefit of $28; a $43 loss on sale of the Hungary forgings business; a $18 charge for layoff costs, including the separation of approximately 125 employees (34 in Engine Products, 55 in Fastening Systems and 36 in Corporate); a $12 charge for contract termination costs and asset impairments associated with the shutdown of a facility in Acuna, Mexico; a $6 charge for contract termination costs related to the New York office; a $4 charge for other miscellaneous items including accelerated depreciation and asset impairments; a $3 benefit for other exit costs and a $8 benefit for the reversal of a number of layoff reserves related to prior periods.
As of December 31, 2020, the separations associated with the 2018 restructuring programs were complete.
Activity and reserve balances for restructuring charges were as follows:
Layoff
costs		Other
exit costs		Total
Reserve balances at December 31, 2017$33 $— $33 
2018 Activity
Cash payments(30)— (30)
Restructuring and other charges101 62 163 
Other(1)
(91)(53)(144)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2018$13 $9 $22 
2019 Activity
Cash payments$(63)$— $(63)
Restructuring and other charges58 524 582 
Other(2)
5 (533)(528)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2019$13 $— $13 
2020 Activity
Cash payments$(51)$— $(51)
Restructuring and other charges161 21 182 
Other(3)
(69)(21)(90)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2020$54 $— $54 
(1)In 2018, Other for layoff costs included reclassifications of $119 in settlement and curtailment pension costs and a $28 benefit in postretirement benefits, as the impacts were reflected in the Company's separate liabilities for Accrued pension benefits and Accrued postretirement benefits. In 2018, Other exit costs included a $43 loss on sale of the Hungary forgings business; a $9 charge for contract termination costs associated with the shutdown of a facility in Acuna, Mexico and the New York office; a $4 charge for other miscellaneous items including accelerated depreciation and asset impairments; a $3 benefit for other exit costs.
(2)In 2019, Other for layoff costs included reclassifications of a $16 credit for elimination of life insurance benefits for U.S. salaried and non-bargaining hourly retirees, a charge of $9 for pension plan settlement accounting, as the impacts were reflected in the Company's separate liabilities for Accrued pension benefits and Accrued postretirement benefits; a charge of $2 net charge for executive severance net of the benefit of forfeited executive stock compensation. In 2019, Other exit costs included a charge of $428 for impairment of the Disks long-lived asset group; a charge of $59 for impairment of assets associated with agreement to sell the U.K. forgings business, and a small additive business; a charge of $14 for impairment of properties, plants, and equipment related to the Company’s primary research and development facility; a charge of $12 for lease terminations; $5 charge for impairment of a cost method investment, a charge of $7 related to other miscellaneous items and $9 reclassification of lease exit costs to reduce right of use assets in Other Noncurrent assets in accordance with the adoption of the new lease accounting standard; partially offset by a gain of $1 on the sales of assets.
(3)In 2020, Other for layoff costs included $74 in settlement accounting charges related to U.K. and U.S. pension plans, offset by a $3 benefit from the termination of a deferred compensation plan and a $2 curtailment benefit related to a postretirement plan; while Other exit costs included a charge of $5 for impairment of assets; a $5 post-closing adjustment related to the sale of a business; a $5 charge related to the impairment of a cost method investment; a $2 charge for accelerated depreciation; a $1 charge for impairment of assets due to a facility closure and a $6 charge for various other exit costs, which were offset by a gain of $3 on the sale of assets.
The remaining reserves at December 31, 2020 are expected to be paid in cash during 2021.