Revenue Recognition

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

In the Company’s Aerospace and Defense segment, the majority of revenue is earned from long-term contracts to design, develop, and manufacture aerospace and defense products for, and provide related services to, the Company’s customers, including the U.S. government and major aerospace and defense prime contractors.

The Company evaluates the contract value and cost estimates for performance obligations at least quarterly and more frequently when circumstances significantly change. Factors considered in estimating the work to be completed include, but are not limited to: labor productivity, the nature and technical complexity of the work to be performed, availability and cost volatility of materials, subcontractor and vendor performance, warranty costs, volume assumptions, anticipated labor agreements, inflationary trends, schedule and performance delays, availability of funding from the customer, and the recoverability of costs incurred outside the original contract included in any estimates to complete. When the Company’s estimate of total costs to be incurred to satisfy a performance obligation exceeds the expected revenue, the Company recognizes the loss immediately. When the Company determines that a change in estimates has an impact on the associated profit of a performance obligation, the Company records the cumulative positive or negative adjustment to the statement of operations. Changes in estimates and assumptions related to the status of certain long-term contracts may have a material effect on the Company’s operating results. The following table summarizes the impact of the changes in significant contract accounting estimates on the Company’s Aerospace and Defense segment operating results:



	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In millions, except per share amounts)
Net favorable effect of the changes in contract estimates on net sales	$	2.1	$	13.0
Net favorable effect of the changes in contract estimates on income before income taxes	2.5		13.4
Net favorable effect of the changes in contract estimates on net income	1.9		9.7
Net favorable effect of the changes in contract estimates on basic and diluted EPS	0.02		0.12

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, favorable changes in contract estimates were primarily driven by (i) improved performance on the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense and RL10 programs and (ii) the reserve release upon the final AJ-60 solid rocket motor delivery.

In the Company’s Aerospace and Defense segment, the timing of revenue recognition, customer invoicing, and collections produces accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table summarizes contract assets and liabilities:



	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(In millions)
Contract assets	$	298.7		$	243.5
Reserve for overhead rate disallowance	(19.8		)	(19.4		)
Contract assets, net of reserve	278.9			224.1
Contract liabilities	288.6			262.3
Net contract liabilities, net of reserve	$	(9.7	)	$	(38.2	)

Net contract liabilities decreased by $28.5 million primarily due to an increase in unbilled receivables as of March 31, 2020. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized sales of $109.3 million that were included in the Company's contract liabilities as of December 31, 2019.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company’s total remaining performance obligations, also referred to as backlog, totaled $5.2 billion. The Company expects to recognize approximately 38%, or $2.0 billion, of the remaining performance obligations as sales over the next twelve months, an additional 24% the following twelve months, and 38% thereafter.

The Company's contracts are largely categorized as either "fixed-price" (largely used by the U.S. government for production-type contracts) or "cost-reimbursable" (largely used by the U.S. government for development-type contracts). Fixed-price contracts present the risk of unreimbursed cost overruns, potentially resulting in lower than expected contract profits and margins. This risk is generally lower for cost-reimbursable contracts which, as a result, generally have a lower margin. The following table summarizes the percentages of net sales by contract type:



	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Fixed-price	61	%	62	%
Cost-reimbursable	39		37
Other	—		1

The following table summarizes the percentages of net sales by principal end user:



	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
U.S. government	96	%	95	%
Non U.S. government	4		5

The Company's Real Estate segment represented less than 1% of the Company's net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.