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Supplemental Information About The Credit Quality Of Financing Receivables And Allowance For Losses On Financing Receivables
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Supplemental Information About Credit Quality Of Financing Receivables And Allowance For Losses On Financing Receivables [Abstract]  
Supplemental Information About The Credit Quality Of Financing Receivables And Allowance For Losses On Financing Receivables

NOTE 16. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE CREDIT QUALITY OF FINANCING RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOSSES ON FINANCING RECEIVABLES

We provide further detailed information about the credit quality of our Commercial, Real Estate and Consumer financing receivables portfolios. For each portfolio, we describe the characteristics of the financing receivables and provide information about collateral, payment performance, credit quality indicators, and impairment. We manage these portfolios using delinquency and nonearning data as key performance indicators. The categories used within this section such as impaired loans, TDR and nonaccrual financing receivables are defined by the authoritative guidance and we base our categorization on the related scope and definitions contained in the related standards. The categories of nonearning and delinquent are defined by us and are used in our process for managing our financing receivables. Definitions of these categories are provided in Note 1.

COMMERCIAL

Financing Receivables and Allowance for Losses

The following table provides further information about general and specific reserves related to Commercial financing receivables.

CommercialFinancing receivables at
 December 31, December 31,
(In millions)2011 2010
      
CLL     
    Americas(a)$80,505 $88,558
    Europe 36,899  37,498
    Asia 11,635  11,943
    Other(a) 436  664
Total CLL 129,475  138,663
      
Energy Financial Services 5,912  7,011
      
GECAS 11,901  12,615
      
Other 1,282  1,788
      
Total Commercial financing receivables, before allowance for losses$148,570 $160,077
      
Non-impaired financing receivables$142,908 $154,257
General reserves 718  1,014
      
Impaired loans 5,662  5,820
Specific reserves 812  1,031
      
      

  • During 2011, we transferred our Railcar lending and leasing portfolio from CLL Other to CLL Americas. Prior-period amounts were reclassified to conform to the current-period presentation.

 

Past Due Financing Receivables

The following table displays payment performance of Commercial financing receivables.

  At 
Commercial December 31, 2011  December 31, 2010 
  Over 30 days  Over 90 days  Over 30 days  Over 90 days 
  past due  past due  past due  past due 
             
CLL            
    Americas 1.3% 0.8% 1.2% 0.8%
    Europe 3.8  2.1  4.2  2.3 
    Asia 1.3  1.0  2.2  1.4 
    Other 2.0  0.1  2.4  1.2 
Total CLL 2.0  1.2  2.1  1.3 
             
Energy Financial Services 0.3  0.3  0.9  0.8 
             
GECAS 0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0 
             
Other 3.7  3.5  5.8  5.5 
             
Total 2.0  1.1  2.0  1.2 
             

Nonaccrual Financing Receivables

The following table provides further information about Commercial financing receivables that are classified as nonaccrual. Of our $4,718 million and $5,463 million of nonaccrual financing receivables at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, $1,227 million and $1,016 million are currently paying in accordance with their contractual terms, respectively.

CommercialNonaccrual financing Nonearning financing 
 receivables at receivables at 
 December 31, December 31, December 31, December 31, 
(Dollars in millions)2011 2010 2011 2010 
             
CLL            
    Americas$2,417 $3,208 $1,862 $2,573 
    Europe 1,599  1,415  1,167  1,241 
    Asia 428  616  269  406 
    Other 68  7  11  6 
Total CLL 4,512  5,246  3,309  4,226 
             
Energy Financial Services 22  78  22  62 
             
GECAS 69  0  55  0 
             
Other 115  139  65  102 
Total$4,718 $5,463 $3,451 $4,390 
             
Allowance for losses percentage 32.4% 37.4% 44.3% 46.6%
             

Impaired Loans

The following table provides information about loans classified as impaired and specific reserves related to Commercial.

Commercial(a)With no specific allowance With a specific allowance
  Recorded Unpaid Average  Recorded Unpaid   Average
 investment principal investment in investment principal Associated investment in
(In millions)in loans balance loans in loans balance allowance loans
                     
December 31, 2011                    
                     
CLL                    
    Americas$2,136 $2,219 $2,128 $1,367 $1,415 $425 $1,468
    Europe 936  1,060  1,001  730  717  263  602
    Asia 85  83  94  156  128  84  214
    Other 54  58  13  11  11  2  5
Total CLL 3,211  3,420  3,236  2,264  2,271  774  2,289
Energy Financial Services 4  4  20  18  18  9  87
GECAS 28  28  59  0  0  0  11
Other 62  63  67  75  75  29  97
Total$3,305 $3,515 $3,382 $2,357 $2,364 $812 $2,484
                     

December 31, 2010                    
                     
CLL                    
    Americas$2,030 $2,127 $1,547 $1,699 $1,744 $589 $1,754
    Europe 802  674  629  566  566  267  563
    Asia 119  117  117  338  303  132  334
    Other 0  0  9  0  0  0  0
Total CLL 2,951  2,918  2,302  2,603  2,613  988  2,651
Energy Financial Services 54  61  76  24  24  6  70
GECAS 24  24  50  0  0  0  31
Other 58  57  30  106  99  37  82
Total$3,087 $3,060 $2,458 $2,733 $2,736 $1,031 $2,834
                     
                     

  • We recognized $193 million and $88 million of interest income, including $59 million and $39 million on a cash basis, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, principally in our CLL Americas business. The total average investment in impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $5,866 million and $5,292 million, respectively.

 

Impaired loans classified as TDRs in our CLL business were $3,642 million and $2,911 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and were primarily attributable to CLL Americas ($2,746 million and $2,347 million, respectively). For the year ended December 31, 2011, we modified $1,856 million of loans classified as TDRs, primarily in CLL Americas ($1,105 million) and CLL EMEA ($646 million). Changes to these loans primarily included debt to equity exchange, extensions, interest only payment periods and forbearance or other actions, which are in addition to, or sometimes in lieu of, fees and rate increases. Of our modifications classified as TDRs in the last year, $101 million have subsequently experienced a payment default.

 

Credit Quality Indicators

Substantially all of our Commercial financing receivables portfolio is secured lending and we assess the overall quality of the portfolio based on the potential risk of loss measure. The metric incorporates both the borrower's credit quality along with any related collateral protection.

 

Our internal risk ratings process is an important source of information in determining our allowance for losses and represents a comprehensive, statistically validated approach to evaluate risk in our financing receivables portfolios. In deriving our internal risk ratings, we stratify our Commercial portfolios into twenty-one categories of default risk and/or six categories of loss given default to group into three categories: A, B and C. Our process starts by developing an internal risk rating for our borrowers, which are based upon our proprietary models using data derived from borrower financial statements, agency ratings, payment history information, equity prices and other commercial borrower characteristics. We then evaluate the potential risk of loss for the specific lending transaction in the event of borrower default, which takes into account such factors as applicable collateral value, historical loss and recovery rates for similar transactions, and our collection capabilities. Our internal risk ratings process and the models we use are subject to regular monitoring and validation controls. The frequency of rating updates is set by our credit risk policy, which requires annual Audit Committee approval. The models are updated on a regular basis and statistically validated annually, or more frequently as circumstances warrant.

 

The table below summarizes our Commercial financing receivables by risk category. As described above, financing receivables are assigned one of twenty-one risk ratings based on our process and then these are grouped by similar characteristics into three categories in the table below. Category A is characterized by either high credit quality borrowers or transactions with significant collateral coverage which substantially reduces or eliminates the risk of loss in the event of borrower default. Category B is characterized by borrowers with weaker credit quality than those in Category A, or transactions with moderately strong collateral coverage which minimizes but may not fully mitigate the risk of loss in the event of default. Category C is characterized by borrowers with higher levels of default risk relative to our overall portfolio or transactions where collateral coverage may not fully mitigate a loss in the event of default.

 

CommercialSecured
(In millions)A B C Total
            
December 31, 2011           
            
CLL           
    Americas(a)$73,103 $2,816 $4,586 $80,505
    Europe 33,481  1,080  1,002  35,563
    Asia 10,644  116  685  11,445
    Other(a) 345  0  91  436
Total CLL 117,573  4,012  6,364  127,949
            
Energy Financial Services 5,727  24  18  5,769
            
GECAS 10,881  970  50  11,901
            
Other 1,282  0  0  1,282
Total$135,463 $5,006 $6,432 $146,901

December 31, 2010           
            
CLL           
    Americas(a)$78,939 $4,103 $5,516 $88,558
    Europe 33,642  840  1,262  35,744
    Asia 10,777  199  766  11,742
    Other(a) 544  66  54  664
Total CLL 123,902  5,208  7,598  136,708
            
Energy Financial Services 6,775  183  53  7,011
            
GECAS 11,034  1,193  388  12,615
            
Other 1,788  0  0  1,788
Total$143,499 $6,584 $8,039 $158,122
            
            

  • During 2011, we transferred our Railcar lending and leasing portfolio from CLL Other to CLL Americas. Prior-period amounts were reclassified to conform to the current-period presentation.

 

For our secured financing receivables portfolio, our collateral position and ability to work out problem accounts mitigates our losses. Our asset managers have deep industry expertise that enables us to identify the optimum approach to default situations. We price risk premiums for weaker credits at origination, closely monitor changes in creditworthiness through our risk ratings and watch list process, and are engaged early with deteriorating credits to minimize economic loss. Secured financing receivables within risk Category C are predominantly in our CLL businesses and are primarily composed of senior term lending facilities and factoring programs secured by various asset types including inventory, accounts receivable, cash, equipment and related business facilities as well as franchise finance activities secured by underlying equipment.

 

Loans within Category C are reviewed and monitored regularly, and classified as impaired when it is probable that they will not pay in accordance with contractual terms. Our internal risk rating process identifies credits warranting closer monitoring; and as such, these loans are not necessarily classified as nonearning or impaired.

 

Substantially all of our unsecured Commercial financing receivables portfolio is attributable to our Interbanca S.p.A. and GE Sanyo Credit acquisitions in Europe and Asia, respectively. At December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, these financing receivables included $325 million and $208 million rated A, $748 million and $964 million rated B, and $596 million and $783 million rated C, respectively.

REAL ESTATE

 

Financing Receivables and Allowance for Losses

The following table provides further information about general and specific reserves related to Real Estate financing receivables.

Real EstateFinancing receivables at 
  December 31,  December 31, 
(In millions) 2011  2010 
       
Debt$24,501 $30,249 
Business Properties 8,248  9,962 
       
Total Real Estate financing receivables, before allowance for losses$32,749 $40,211 
       
Non-impaired financing receivables$24,002 $30,394 
General reserves 267  338 
       
Impaired loans 8,747  9,817 
Specific reserves 822  1,150 
       

Past Due Financing Receivables

The following table displays payment performance of Real Estate financing receivables.

 At 
Real Estate December 31, 2011  December 31, 2010 
  Over 30 days Over 90 days  Over 30 days Over 90 days 
  past due past due  past due past due 
             
Debt 2.4% 2.3% 4.3% 4.1%
Business Properties 3.9  3.0  4.6  3.9 
Total 2.8  2.5  4.4  4.0 

Nonaccrual Financing Receivables

The following table provides further information about Real Estate financing receivables that are classified as nonaccrual. Of our $6,949 million and $9,719 million of nonaccrual financing receivables at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, $6,061 million and $7,888 million are currently paying in accordance with their contractual terms, respectively.

Real EstateNonaccrual financing Nonearning financing 
 receivables at receivables at 
 December 31, December 31, December 31, December 31, 
(Dollars in millions)2011 2010 2011 2010 
             
Debt$6,351 $9,039 $541 $961 
Business Properties 598  680  249  386 
Total$6,949 $9,719 $790 $1,347 
             
Allowance for losses percentage 15.7% 15.3% 137.8% 110.5%
             

Impaired Loans

The following table provides information about loans classified as impaired and specific reserves related to Real Estate.

Real Estate(a)With no specific allowance With a specific allowance
 Recorded Unpaid Average Recorded Unpaid   Average
 investment principal investment investment principal Associated investment
(In millions)in loans balance in loans in loans balance allowance in loans
                     
December 31, 2011                    
                     
Debt$3,558 $3,614 $3,568 $4,560 $4,652 $717 $5,435
Business Properties 232  232  215  397  397  105  460
Total$3,790 $3,846 $3,783 $4,957 $5,049 $822 $5,895
                     

December 31, 2010                    
                     
Debt$2,814 $2,873 $1,598 $6,323 $6,498 $1,007 $6,116
Business Properties 191  213  141  489  476  143  382
Total$3,005 $3,086 $1,739 $6,812 $6,974 $1,150 $6,498
                     
                     

  • We recognized $399 million and $189 million of interest income, including $339 million and $189 million on a cash basis, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, principally in our Real Estate-Debt portfolio. The total average investment in impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $9,678 million and $8,237 million, respectively.

 

Real Estate TDRs increased from $4,866 million at December 31, 2010 to $7,006 million at December 31, 2011, primarily driven by loans scheduled to mature during 2011, some of which were modified during 2011 and classified as TDRs upon modification. We deem loan modifications to be TDRs when we have granted a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty and we do not receive adequate compensation in the form of an effective interest rate that is at current market rates of interest given the risk characteristics of the loan or other consideration that compensates us for the value of the concession. The limited liquidity and higher return requirements in the real estate market for loans with higher loan-to-value (LTV) ratios has typically resulted in the conclusion that the modified terms are not at current market rates of interest, even if the modified loans are expected to be fully recoverable. For the year ended December 31, 2011, we modified $3,965 million of loans classified as TDRs, substantially all in our Debt portfolio. Changes to these loans primarily included maturity extensions, principal payment acceleration, changes to collateral or covenant terms and cash sweeps, which are in addition to, or sometimes in lieu of, fees and rate increases. Of our modifications classified as TDRs in the last year, $140 million have subsequently experienced a payment default.

 

Credit Quality Indicators

Due to the primarily non-recourse nature of our Debt portfolio, loan-to-value ratios provide the best indicators of the credit quality of the portfolio. By contrast, the credit quality of the Business Properties portfolio is primarily influenced by the strength of the borrower's general credit quality, which is reflected in our internal risk rating process, consistent with the process we use for our Commercial portfolio.

 Loan-to-value ratio at
 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
 Less than 80% to Greater than Less than 80% to Greater than
(In millions)80% 95% 95% 80% 95% 95%
                  
Debt$14,454 $4,593 $5,454 $12,362 $9,392 $8,495
                  
 Internal Risk Rating at
 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
(In millions)A B C A B C
                  
Business Properties$7,628 $110 $510 $8,746 $437 $779

Within Real Estate-Debt, these financing receivables are primarily concentrated in our North American and European Lending platforms and are secured by various property types. A substantial majority of the Real Estate-Debt financing receivables with loan-to-value ratios greater than 95% are paying in accordance with contractual terms. Substantially all of these loans and substantially all of the Real Estate-Business Properties financing receivables included in Category C are impaired loans which are subject to the specific reserve evaluation process described in Note 1. The ultimate recoverability of impaired loans is driven by collection strategies that do not necessarily depend on the sale of the underlying collateral and include full or partial repayments through third-party refinancing and restructurings.

CONSUMER

At December 31, 2011, our U.S. consumer financing receivables included private-label credit card and sales financing for approximately 56 million customers across the U.S. with no metropolitan area accounting for more than 5% of the portfolio. Of the total U.S. consumer financing receivables, approximately 65% relate to credit card loans, which are often subject to profit and loss sharing arrangements with the retailer (which are recorded in revenues), and the remaining 35% are sales finance receivables, which provide financing to customers in areas such as electronics, recreation, medical and home improvement.

 

Financing Receivables and Allowance for Losses

The following table provides further information about general and specific reserves related to Consumer financing receivables.

ConsumerFinancing receivables at
 December 31, December 31,
(In millions)2011 2010
      
Non-U.S. residential mortgages$36,170 $40,011
Non-U.S. installment and revolving credit 18,544  20,132
U.S. installment and revolving credit 46,689  43,974
Non-U.S. auto 5,691  7,558
Other 7,244  8,304
Total Consumer financing receivables, before allowance for losses$114,338 $119,979
      
Non-impaired financing receivables$111,233 $117,431
General reserves 3,014  3,945
      
Impaired loans 3,105  2,548
Specific reserves 717  555
      
      

Past Due Financing Receivables

The following table displays payment performance of Consumer financing receivables.

  At 
Consumer December 31, 2011  December 31, 2010 
  Over 30 days  Over 90 days  Over 30 days  Over 90 days 
  past due  past due(a)  past due  past due(a) 
             
Non-U.S. residential mortgages 13.4% 8.8% 13.7% 8.8%
Non-U.S. installment and revolving credit 4.1  1.2  4.5  1.3 
U.S. installment and revolving credit 5.0  2.2  6.2  2.8 
Non-U.S. auto 3.1  0.5  3.3  0.6 
Other 3.5  2.0  4.2  2.3 
Total 7.3  4.0  8.1  4.4 
             
             

  • Included $45 million and $65 million of loans at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, which are over 90 days past due and accruing interest, mainly representing accretion on loans acquired at a discount.

 

Nonaccrual Financing Receivables

The following table provides further information about Consumer financing receivables that are classified as nonaccrual.

 Nonaccrual financing Nonearning financing 
Consumerreceivables at receivables at 
 December 31, December 31, December 31, December 31, 
(Dollars in millions)2011 2010 2011 2010 
             
Non-U.S. residential mortgages$3,475 $3,986 $3,349 $3,738 
Non-U.S. installment and revolving credit 321  302  263  289 
U.S. installment and revolving credit 990  1,201  990  1,201 
Non-U.S. auto 43  46  43  46 
Other 487  600  419  478 
Total$5,316 $6,135 $5,064 $5,752 
             
Allowance for losses percentage 70.2% 73.3% 73.7% 78.2%
             

Impaired Loans

The vast majority of our Consumer nonaccrual financing receivables are smaller balance homogeneous loans evaluated collectively, by portfolio, for impairment and therefore are outside the scope of the disclosure requirement for impaired loans. Accordingly, impaired loans in our Consumer business represent restructured smaller balance homogeneous loans meeting the definition of a TDR, and are therefore subject to the disclosure requirement for impaired loans, and commercial loans in our Consumer–Other portfolio. The recorded investment of these impaired loans totaled $3,105 million (with an unpaid principal balance of $2,679 million) and comprised $69 million with no specific allowance, primarily all in our ConsumerOther portfolio, and $3,036 million with a specific allowance of $717 million at December 31, 2011. The impaired loans with a specific allowance included $369 million with a specific allowance of $102 million in our Consumer–Other portfolio and $2,667 million with a specific allowance of $615 million across the remaining Consumer business and had an unpaid principal balance and average investment of $2,244 million and $2,343 million, respectively, at December 31, 2011. We recognized $141 million and $114 million of interest income, including $15 million and $30 million on a cash basis, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, principally in our Consumer–Non-U.S. and U.S. installment and revolving credit portfolios. The total average investment in impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $2,840 million and $2,009 million, respectively.

 

Impaired loans classified as TDRs in our Consumer business were $2,935 million and $2,256 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. We utilize certain loan modification programs for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties in our Consumer loan portfolio. These loan modification programs primarily include interest rate reductions and payment deferrals in excess of three months, which were not part of the terms of the original contract, and are primarily concentrated in our non-U.S. residential mortgage and U.S. credit card portfolios. For the year ended December 31, 2011, we modified $1,970 million of consumer loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties, which are classified as TDRs, and included $1,020 million of non-U.S. consumer loans, primarily residential mortgages, credit cards and personal loans and approximately $950 million of credit card loans in the U.S. We expect borrowers whose loans have been modified under these programs to continue to be able to meet their contractual obligations upon the conclusion of the modification. For loans modified as TDRs in the last year, $251 million have subsequently experienced a payment default, primarily in our U.S. credit card and non-U.S. residential mortgage portfolios.

Credit Quality Indicators

Our Consumer financing receivables portfolio comprises both secured and unsecured lending. Secured financing receivables comprise residential loans and lending to small and medium-sized enterprises predominantly secured by auto and equipment, inventory finance and cash flow loans. Unsecured financing receivables include private-label credit card financing. A substantial majority of these cards are not for general use and are limited to the products and services sold by the retailer. The private label portfolio is diverse with no metropolitan area accounting for more than 5% of the related portfolio.

Non-U.S. residential mortgages

For our secured non-U.S. residential mortgage book, we assess the overall credit quality of the portfolio through loan-to-value ratios (the ratio of the outstanding debt on a property to the value of that property at origination). In the event of default and repossession of the underlying collateral, we have the ability to remarket and sell the properties to eliminate or mitigate the potential risk of loss. The table below provides additional information about our non-U.S. residential mortgages based on loan-to-value ratios.

 Loan-to-value ratio at
 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
 80% or Greater than Greater than 80% or Greater than Greater than
(In millions)less 80% to 90% 90% less 80% to 90% 90%
                  
Non-U.S. residential mortgages$20,379 $6,145 $9,646 $22,403 $7,023 $10,585

The majority of these financing receivables are in our U.K. and France portfolios and have re-indexed loan-to-value ratios of 84% and 56%, respectively. We have third-party mortgage insurance for approximately 68% of the balance of Consumer non-U.S. residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios greater than 90% at December 31, 2011. Such loans were primarily originated in the U.K. and France.

Installment and Revolving Credit

For our unsecured lending products, including the non-U.S. and U.S. installment and revolving credit and non-U.S. auto portfolios, we assess overall credit quality using internal and external credit scores. Our internal credit scores imply a probability of default which we consistently translate into three approximate credit bureau equivalent credit score categories, including (a) 681 or higher which are considered the strongest credits; (b) 615 to 680, considered moderate credit risk; and (c) 614 or less, which are considered weaker credits.

 Internal ratings translated to approximate credit bureau equivalent score at
 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
 681 or 615 to 614 or 681 or 615 to 614 or
(In millions)higher 680 less higher 680 less
                  
Non-U.S. installment and                 
    revolving credit$9,913 $4,838 $3,793 $10,192 $5,749 $4,191
U.S. installment and                 
    revolving credit 28,918  9,398  8,373  25,940  8,846  9,188
Non-U.S. auto 3,927  1,092  672  5,379  1,330  849

Of those financing receivable accounts with credit bureau equivalent scores of 614 or less at December 31, 2011, 95% relate to installment and revolving credit accounts. These smaller balance accounts have an average outstanding balance less than one thousand U.S. dollars and are primarily concentrated in our retail card and sales finance receivables in the U.S. (which are often subject to profit and loss sharing arrangements), and closed-end loans outside the U.S., which minimizes the potential for loss in the event of default. For lower credit scores, we adequately price for the incremental risk at origination and monitor credit migration through our risk ratings process. We continuously adjust our credit line underwriting management and collection strategies based on customer behavior and risk profile changes.

 

Consumer – Other

Secured lending in ConsumerOther comprises loans to small and medium-sized enterprises predominantly secured by auto and equipment, inventory finance and cash flow loans. We develop our internal risk ratings for this portfolio in a manner consistent with the process used to develop our Commercial credit quality indicators, described above. We use the borrower's credit quality and underlying collateral strength to determine the potential risk of loss from these activities.

 

At December 31, 2011, Consumer – Other financing receivables of $5,580 million, $757 million and $907 million were rated A, B, and C, respectively. At December 31, 2010, Consumer – Other financing receivables of $6,415 million, $822 million and $1,067 million were rated A, B, and C, respectively.