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Supplemental Information About The Credit Quality Of Financing Receivables And Allowance For Losses On Financing Receivables
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2014
Credit Quality Financing Receivables [Abstract]  
Supplemental Information About Credit Quality Of Financing Receivables And Allowance For Losses On Financing Receivables

13. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE CREDIT QUALITY OF FINANCING RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOSSES ON FINANCING RECEIVABLES

Credit Quality Indicators

We provide further detailed information about the credit quality of our Commercial, Real Estate and Consumer financing receivables portfolios. For each portfolio, we describe the characteristics of the financing receivables and provide information about collateral, payment performance, credit quality indicators, and impairment. We manage these portfolios using delinquency and nonaccrual data as key performance indicators. The categories used within this section such as impaired loans, troubled debt restructuring (TDR) and nonaccrual financing receivables are defined by the authoritative guidance and we base our categorization on the related scope and definitions contained in the related standards. The categories of nonaccrual and delinquent are used in our process for managing our financing receivables.

Past Due and Nonaccrual Financing Receivables

  June 30, 2014  December 31, 2013 
  Over 30 days  Over 90 days     Over 30 days  Over 90 days    
(In millions) past due  past due  Nonaccrual  past due  past due  Nonaccrual 
                   
Commercial                  
CLL                  
Americas$ 651 $ 379 $ 1,306 $ 755 $ 359 $ 1,275 
International  1,549   931   1,224   1,490   820   1,459 
Total CLL  2,200   1,310   2,530   2,245   1,179   2,734 
Energy Financial Services  -   -   76   -   -   4 
GECAS  1   -   153   -   -   - 
Other  -   -   -   -   -   6 
Total Commercial  2,201   1,310   2,759(a)  2,245   1,179   2,744(a)
                   
Real Estate  295   224   1,948(b)  247   212   2,551(b)
                   
Consumer                  
Non-U.S. residential mortgages  3,304   2,032   2,082   3,406   2,104   2,161 
Non-U.S. installment and revolving credit  391   109   51   512   146   88 
U.S. installment and revolving credit  2,055   894   1   2,442   1,105   2 
Non-U.S. auto  85   12   16   89   13   18 
Other  147   76   269   172   99   351 
Total Consumer  5,982   3,123(c)   2,419(d)   6,621   3,467(c)   2,620(d)
                   
Total$ 8,478 $ 4,657 $ 7,126 $ 9,113 $ 4,858 $ 7,915 
Total as a percent of financing receivables  3.4%  1.9%  2.9%  3.5%  1.9%  3.1%
                   

  • Included $1,476 million and $1,397 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, that are currently paying in accordance with their contractual terms.
  • Included $1,654 million and $2,308 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, that are currently paying in accordance with their contractual terms.
  • Included $991 million and $ 1,197 million of Consumer loans at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, that are over 90 days past due and continue to accrue interest until the accounts are written off in the period that the account becomes 180 days past due.
  • Included $244 million and $324 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, that are currently paying in accordance with their contractual terms.

Impaired Loans and Related Reserves

 With no specific allowance With a specific allowance
  Recorded Unpaid Average  Recorded Unpaid   Average
 investment principal investment investment principal Associated investment
(In millions)in loans balance in loans in loans balance allowance in loans
                     
June 30, 2014                    
                     
Commercial                    
CLL                    
     Americas$ 1,806 $ 2,302 $ 1,756 $ 238 $ 336 $ 50 $ 304
International(a)  1,174   3,136   1,164   428   747   155   574
Total CLL  2,980   5,438   2,920   666   1,083   205   878
Energy Financial Services  1   1   6   76   76   15   35
GECAS  48   48   16   10   10   3   25
Other  -   -   1   -   -   -   1
Total Commercial(b)  3,029   5,487   2,943   752   1,169   223   939
                     
Real Estate(c)  2,337   2,668   2,626   654   803   38   879
                     
Consumer(d)  88   136   109   2,607   2,744   514   2,774
Total$ 5,454 $ 8,291 $ 5,678 $ 4,013 $ 4,716 $ 775 $ 4,592
                     

December 31, 2013                    
                     
Commercial                    
CLL                    
Americas$ 1,670 $ 2,187 $ 2,154 $ 417 $ 505 $ 96 $ 509
International(a)  1,104   3,082   1,136   691   1,059   231   629
Total CLL  2,774   5,269   3,290   1,108   1,564   327   1,138
Energy Financial Services  -   -   -   4   4   1   2
GECAS  -   -   -   -   -   -   1
Other  2   3   9   4   4   -   5
Total Commercial(b)  2,776   5,272   3,299   1,116   1,572   328   1,146
                     
Real Estate(c)  2,615   3,036   3,058   1,245   1,507   74   1,688
                     
Consumer(d)  109   153   98   2,879   2,948   567   3,058
                     
Total$ 5,500 $ 8,461 $ 6,455 $ 5,240 $ 6,027 $ 969 $ 5,892
                     

  • Write-offs to net realizable value are recognized against the allowance for losses primarily in the reporting period in which management has deemed all or a portion of the financing receivable to be uncollectible, but not later than 360 days after initial recognition of a specific reserve for a collateral dependent loan. However, in accordance with regulatory standards that are applicable in Italy, commercial loans are considered uncollectible when there is demonstrable evidence of the debtor's insolvency, which may result in write-offs occurring beyond 360 days after initial recognition of a specific reserve.

(b)       We recognized $91 million, $218 million and $112 million of interest income, including none, $60 million and $36 million on a cash basis, in the six months ended June 30, 2014, the year ended December 31, 2013 and the six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively, principally in our CLL Americas business. The total average investment in impaired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and the year ended December 31, 2013 was $3,882 million and $4,445 million, respectively.

(c)       We recognized $34 million, $187 million and $110 million of interest income, including none, $135 million and $90 million on a cash basis, in the six months ended June 30, 2014, the year ended December 31, 2013 and the six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. The total average investment in impaired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and the year ended December 31, 2013 was $3,505 million and $4,746 million, respectively.

(d)       We recognized $91 million, $221 million and $112 million of interest income, including $1 million, $3 million and $1 million on a cash basis, in the six months ended June 30, 2014, the year ended December 31, 2013 and the six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively, principally in our Consumer U.S. installment and revolving credit portfolios. The total average investment in impaired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and the year ended December 31, 2013 was $2,883 million and $3,156 million, respectively.

 

            
(In millions) Non-impaired financing receivables  General reserves  Impaired loans  Specific reserves
            
June 30, 2014           
            
Commercial$ 120,816 $ 669 $ 3,781 $ 223
Real Estate  16,808   124   2,991   38
Consumer  99,760   3,587   2,695   514
Total$ 237,384 $ 4,380 $ 9,467 $ 775
            
December 31, 2013           
            
Commercial$ 125,377 $ 677 $ 3,892 $ 328
Real Estate  16,039   118   3,860   74
Consumer  106,051   3,414   2,988   567
Total$ 247,467 $ 4,209 $ 10,740 $ 969
            

Impaired loans classified as TDRs in our CLL business were $2,698 million and $2,961 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, and were primarily attributable to CLL Americas ($1,579 million and $1,770 million, respectively). For the six months ended June 30, 2014, we modified $599 million of loans classified as TDRs, primarily in CLL Americas ($362 million). Changes to these loans primarily included extensions, interest only payment periods, debt to equity exchange and forbearance or other actions, which are in addition to, or sometimes in lieu of, fees and rate increases. Of our $1,283 million and $1,961 million of modifications classified as TDRs in the twelve months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, $27 million and $87 million have subsequently experienced a payment default in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

 

Real Estate TDRs decreased from $3,625 million at December 31, 2013 to $2,829 million at June 30, 2014, primarily driven by resolution of TDRs through paydowns. We deem loan modifications to be TDRs when we have granted a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty and we do not receive adequate compensation in the form of an effective interest rate that is at current market rates of interest given the risk characteristics of the loan or other consideration that compensates us for the value of the concession. The limited liquidity and higher return requirements in the real estate market for loans with higher loan-to-value (LTV) ratios has typically resulted in the conclusion that the modified terms are not at current market rates of interest, even if the modified loans are expected to be fully recoverable. For the six months ended June 30, 2014, we modified $531 million of loans classified as TDRs. Changes to these loans primarily included forbearance, maturity extensions and changes to collateral or covenant terms or other actions, which are in addition to, or sometimes in lieu of, fees and rate increases. Of our $1,349 million and $2,858 million of modifications classified as TDRs in the twelve months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, $215 million and $65 million have subsequently experienced a payment default in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Impaired loans in our Consumer business represent restructured smaller balance homogeneous loans meeting the definition of a TDR, and are therefore subject to the disclosure requirement for impaired loans, and commercial loans in our Consumer–Other portfolio. The recorded investment of these impaired loans totaled $2,695 million (with an unpaid principal balance of $2,880 million) and comprised $88 million with no specific allowance, primarily all in our Consumer–Other portfolio, and $2,607 million with a specific allowance of $514 million at June 30, 2014. The impaired loans with a specific allowance included $244 million with a specific allowance of $26 million in our Consumer–Other portfolio and $2,363 million with a specific allowance of $488 million across the remaining Consumer business and had an unpaid principal balance and average investment of $2,744 million and $2,774 million, respectively, at June 30, 2014.

 

Impaired loans classified as TDRs in our Consumer business were $2,586 million and $2,874 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. We utilize certain loan modification programs for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties in our Consumer loan portfolio. These loan modification programs primarily include interest rate reductions and payment deferrals in excess of three months, which were not part of the terms of the original contract, and are primarily concentrated in our non-U.S. residential mortgage and U.S. credit card portfolios. For the six months ended June 30, 2014, we modified $560 million of consumer loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties, which are classified as TDRs, and included $324 million of non-U.S. consumer loans, primarily residential mortgages, credit cards and personal loans and $236 million of U.S. consumer loans, primarily credit cards. We expect borrowers whose loans have been modified under these programs to continue to be able to meet their contractual obligations upon the conclusion of the modification. Of our $1,150 million and $1,688 million of modifications classified as TDRs in the twelve months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, $80 million and $158 million have subsequently experienced a payment default in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

 

Supplemental Credit Quality Information

Commercial

Substantially all of our Commercial financing receivables portfolio is secured lending and we assess the overall quality of the portfolio based on the potential risk of loss measure. The metric incorporates both the borrower's credit quality along with any related collateral protection.

 

Our internal risk ratings process is an important source of information in determining our allowance for losses and represents a comprehensive, statistically validated approach to evaluate risk in our financing receivables portfolios. In deriving our internal risk ratings, we stratify our Commercial portfolios into 21 categories of default risk and/or six categories of loss given default to group into three categories: A, B and C. Our process starts by developing an internal risk rating for our borrowers, which is based upon our proprietary models using data derived from borrower financial statements, agency ratings, payment history information, equity prices and other commercial borrower characteristics. We then evaluate the potential risk of loss for the specific lending transaction in the event of borrower default, which takes into account such factors as applicable collateral value, historical loss and recovery rates for similar transactions, and our collection capabilities. Our internal risk ratings process and the models we use are subject to regular monitoring and validation controls. The frequency of rating updates is set by our credit risk policy, which requires annual Risk Committee approval. The models are updated on a regular basis and statistically validated annually, or more frequently as circumstances warrant.

 

As described above, financing receivables are assigned one of 21 risk ratings based on our process and then these are grouped by similar characteristics into three categories in the table below. Category A is characterized by either high-credit-quality borrowers or transactions with significant collateral coverage that substantially reduces or eliminates the risk of loss in the event of borrower default. Category B is characterized by borrowers with weaker credit quality than those in Category A, or transactions with moderately strong collateral coverage that minimizes but may not fully mitigate the risk of loss in the event of default. Category C is characterized by borrowers with higher levels of default risk relative to our overall portfolio or transactions where collateral coverage may not fully mitigate a loss in the event of default.

 

Commercial Financing Receivables by Risk Category

 Secured
(In millions)A B C Total
            
June 30, 2014           
            
CLL           
   Americas$ 64,216 $ 1,403 $ 1,718 $ 67,337
 International  43,198   565   1,159   44,922
Total CLL  107,414   1,968   2,877   112,259
            
Energy Financial Services  2,645   60   42   2,747
            
GECAS  8,238   83   119   8,440
            
Other  138   -   -   138
Total$ 118,435 $ 2,111 $ 3,038 $ 123,584
            
December 31, 2013           
            
CLL           
   Americas$ 65,545 $ 1,587 $ 1,554 $ 68,686
International  44,930   619   1,237   46,786
Total CLL  110,475   2,206   2,791   115,472
            
Energy Financial Services  2,969   9   -   2,978
            
GECAS  9,175   50   152   9,377
            
Other  318   -   -   318
Total$ 122,937 $ 2,265 $ 2,943 $ 128,145
            

For our secured financing receivables portfolio, our collateral position and ability to work out problem accounts mitigates our losses. Our asset managers have deep industry expertise that enables us to identify the optimum approach to default situations. We price risk premiums for weaker credits at origination, closely monitor changes in creditworthiness through our risk ratings and watch list process, and are engaged early with deteriorating credits to minimize economic loss. Secured financing receivables within risk Category C are predominantly in our CLL businesses and are primarily composed of senior term lending facilities and factoring programs secured by various asset types including inventory, accounts receivable, cash, equipment and related business facilities as well as franchise finance activities secured by underlying equipment.

 

Loans within Category C are reviewed and monitored regularly, and classified as impaired when it is probable that they will not pay in accordance with contractual terms. Our internal risk rating process identifies credits warranting closer monitoring; and as such, these loans are not necessarily classified as nonaccrual or impaired.

 

Our unsecured Commercial financing receivables portfolio is primarily attributable to our Interbanca S.p.A. and GE Sanyo Credit acquisitions in CLL International. At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, these financing receivables included $362 million and $313 million rated A, $425 million and $580 million rated B, and $226 million and $231 million rated C, respectively.

Real Estate

Due to the primarily non-recourse nature of our Debt portfolio, loan-to-value ratios (the ratio of the outstanding debt on a property to the re-indexed value of that property) provide the best indicators of the credit quality of the portfolio.

 Loan-to-value ratio
 June 30, 2014 December 31, 2013
 Less than 80% to Greater than Less than 80% to Greater than
(In millions)80% 95% 95% 80% 95% 95%
                  
Debt$15,944 $1,361 $1,558 $15,576 $1,300 $2,111
                  

The credit quality of the owner occupied/credit tenant portfolio is primarily influenced by the strength of the borrower's general credit quality, which is reflected in our internal risk rating process, consistent with the process we use for our Commercial portfolio. As of June 30, 2014, the balances of our owner occupied/credit tenant portfolio with an internal risk rating of A, B and C approximated $646 million, $141 million and $149 million, respectively, as compared to the December 31, 2013 balances of $571 million, $179 million and $162 million, respectively.

 

The financing receivables within our Debt portfolio are primarily concentrated in our North American and European Lending platforms and are secured by various property types. A substantial majority of our Debt financing receivables with loan-to-value ratios greater than 95% are paying in accordance with contractual terms. Substantially all of these loans and the majority of our owner occupied/credit tenant financing receivables included in Category C are impaired loans that are subject to the specific reserve evaluation process. The ultimate recoverability of impaired loans is driven by collection strategies that do not necessarily depend on the sale of the underlying collateral and include full or partial repayments through third-party refinancing and restructurings.

 

Consumer

 

At June 30, 2014, our U.S. consumer financing receivables included private-label credit card and sales financing for approximately 59 million customers across the U.S. with no metropolitan area accounting for more than 6% of the portfolio. Of the total U.S. consumer financing receivables, approximately 65% relate to credit card loans that are often subject to profit and loss sharing arrangements with the retailer (which are recorded in revenues), and the remaining 35% are sales finance receivables that provide financing to customers in areas such as electronics, recreation, medical and home improvement.

 

Our Consumer financing receivables portfolio comprises both secured and unsecured lending. Secured financing receivables comprise residential loans and lending to small and medium-sized enterprises predominantly secured by auto and equipment, inventory finance, and cash flow loans. Unsecured financing receivables include private-label credit card financing. A substantial majority of these cards are not for general use and are limited to the products and services sold by the retailer. The private-label portfolio is diverse with no metropolitan area accounting for more than 6% of the related portfolio.

 

Non-U.S. residential mortgages

For our secured non-U.S. residential mortgage book, we assess the overall credit quality of the portfolio through loan-to-value ratios (the ratio of the outstanding debt on a property to the value of that property at origination). In the event of default and repossession of the underlying collateral, we have the ability to remarket and sell the properties to eliminate or mitigate the potential risk of loss.

 

  Loan-to-value ratio
 June 30, 2014 December 31, 2013
 80% or Greater than Greater than 80% or Greater than Greater than
(In millions)less 80% to 90% 90% less 80% to 90% 90%
                  
Non-U.S. residential mortgages$16,706 $4,985 $7,903 $17,224 $5,130 $8,147
                  

The majority of these financing receivables are in our U.K. and France portfolios and have re-indexed loan-to-value ratios of 72% and 56%, respectively. Re-indexed loan-to-value ratios may not reflect actual realizable values of future repossessions. We have third-party mortgage insurance for about 22% of the balance of Consumer non-U.S. residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios greater than 90% at June 30, 2014. Such loans were primarily originated in France and the U.K.

 

Installment and Revolving Credit

We assess overall credit quality using internal and external credit scores. For our U.S. installment and revolving credit portfolio we use Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) scores. FICO scores are generally obtained at origination of the account and are refreshed at a minimum quarterly, but could be as often as weekly, to assist in predicting customer behavior. We categorize these credit scores into the following three categories; (a) 661 or higher, which are considered the strongest credits; (b) 601 to 660, which are considered moderate credit risk; and (c) 600 or less, which are considered weaker credits.

  Refreshed FICO score
 June 30, 2014 December 31, 2013
 661 or 601 to 600 or 661 or 601 to 600 or
(In millions)higher 660 less higher 660 less
                  
U.S. installment and                 
    revolving credit$38,758 $10,612 $3,995 $40,079 $11,142 $4,633
                  

For our non-U.S. installment and revolving credit and non-U.S. auto portfolios, our internal credit scores imply a probability of default that we consistently translate into three approximate credit bureau equivalent credit score categories, including (a) 671 or higher, which are considered the strongest credits; (b) 626 to 670, which are considered moderate credit risk; and (c) 625 or less, which are considered weaker credits.

  Internal ratings translated to approximate credit bureau equivalent score
 June 30, 2014 December 31, 2013
 671 or 626 to 625 or 671 or 626 to 625 or
(In millions)higher 670 less higher 670 less
                  
Non-U.S. installment and                 
    revolving credit$6,173 $2,480 $2,129 $8,310 $2,855 $2,512
Non-U.S. auto 1,202  307  254  1,395  373  286
                  

U.S. installment and revolving credit accounts with FICO scores of 600 or less and non U.S. installment and revolving credit accounts with credit bureau equivalent scores of 625 or less have an average outstanding balance less than one thousand U.S. dollars and are primarily concentrated in our retail card and sales finance receivables in the U.S. and closed-end loans outside the U.S., which minimizes the potential for loss in the event of default. For lower credit scores, we adequately price for the incremental risk at origination and monitor credit migration through our risk ratings process. We continuously adjust our credit line underwriting management and collection strategies based on customer behavior and risk profile changes.

 

Consumer – Other

We develop our internal risk ratings for this portfolio in a manner consistent with the process used to develop our Commercial credit quality indicators, described above. We use the borrower's credit quality and underlying collateral strength to determine the potential risk of loss from these activities.

 

At June 30, 2014, Consumer – Other financing receivables of $6,289 million, $258 million and $404 million were rated A, B and C, respectively. At December 31, 2013, Consumer – Other financing receivables of $6,137 million, $315 million and $501 million were rated A, B and C, respectively.