Income taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes on Income Consists

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):

2022	Current		Deferred		Total
Federal	$	161,438	$	13,435	$	174,873
State and other	23,456		4,041		27,497
Total	$	184,894	$	17,476	$	202,370

2021	Current		Deferred		Total
Federal	$	114,255	$	15,400	$	129,655
State and other	11,310		(5,484)		5,826
Total	$	125,565	$	9,916	$	135,481

2020	Current		Deferred		Total
Federal	$	123,882	$	4,532	$	128,414
State and other	21,878		4,001		25,879
Total	$	145,760	$	8,533	$	154,293

Schedule of Reconciliation of Effective Tax Rate

The provision for income taxes varies from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate as a result of the following differences:

	2022	2021	2020
U.S. statutory tax rate	21.0%	21.0%	21.0%
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
State taxes (net of federal income tax benefit)	2.7	2.6	3.3
Uncertain tax positions, settlements and lapse of statutes of limitations	—	0.3	(0.1)
Valuation allowance on equity method investment	0.6	—	0.4
Other valuation allowances, tax rate changes, & deferred adjustments	(0.6)	(1.7)	(0.1)
Non-deductible transaction costs	0.5	0.1	—
Net excess benefits or expense on share-based payments	(0.3)	(0.2)	(0.1)
Other, net	0.4	—	(0.2)
Effective tax rate	24.3%	22.1%	24.2%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets

Deferred tax liabilities and assets were composed of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

	Dec. 31,
	2022		2021
Deferred tax liabilities
Accelerated amortization of deductible intangibles	$	540,260	$	534,438
Accelerated depreciation	67,278		67,697
Right-of-use assets for operating leases	19,467		21,648
Other	4,183		3,792
Total deferred tax liabilities	631,188		627,575
Deferred tax assets
Accrued compensation costs	23,439		24,147
Pension and post-retirement medical and life	20,775		17,400
Loss carryforwards	12,537		31,841
Operating lease liabilities	20,403		22,582
Other	24,242		25,160
Total deferred tax assets	101,396		121,130
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance	26,339		41,929
Total net deferred tax liabilities	$	556,131	$	548,374

The following table summarizes the activity related to deferred tax asset valuation allowances (in thousands):

	2022		2021		2020
Beginning at beginning of period	$	41,929	$	43,467	$	45,661
Additions to valuation allowance	7,228		6,108		3,719
Reductions to valuation allowance	(22,818)		(7,646)		(5,913)
Balance at the end of the period	$	26,339	$	41,929	$	43,467

Schedule of Activity Related to Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Federal Tax Benefit of State Tax Deductions

The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits, excluding the federal tax benefit of state tax deductions (in thousands):

	2022		2021		2020
Change in unrecognized tax benefits
Balance at beginning of year	$	8,196	$	7,435	$	8,050
Additions for tax positions of prior years	—		1,363		630
Settlements	(9)		—		—
Reductions due to lapse of statutes of limitations	(462)		(602)		(1,245)
Balance as of end of year	$	7,725	$	8,196	$	7,435