SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED March 31, 2024

Commission file number   0-7818

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Michigan	38-2032782
(State or jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

4200 East Beltline, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49525

(Address of principal executive offices)

(616) 527-5820

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

NONE

Former name, address and fiscal year, if changed since last report.

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange which registered
Common stock, no par value	IBCP	The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.

Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨ Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

YES ¨ NO x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: common stock, no par value, 20,902,444 as of May 2, 2024.

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

		Number(s)
PART I -	Financial Information
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity Three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	7
	Notes to Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8-58
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	59-74
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	75
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	75
PART II -	Other Information
Item 1A	Risk Factors	76
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	76
Item 5.	Other Information	76
Item 6.	Exhibits	77

1

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements in this report that are not statements of historical fact, including statements that include terms such as ‘‘will,’’ ‘‘may,’’ ‘‘should,’’ ‘‘believe,’’ ‘‘expect,’’ ‘‘forecast,’’ ‘‘anticipate,’’ ‘‘estimate,’’ ‘‘project,’’ ‘‘intend,’’ ‘‘likely,’’ ‘‘optimistic’’ and ‘‘plan’’ and statements about future or projected financial and operating results, plans, projections, objectives, expectations, and intentions, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, descriptions of plans and objectives for future operations, products or services; projections of our future revenue, earnings or other measures of economic performance; forecasts of credit losses and other asset quality trends; statements about our business and growth strategies; and expectations about economic and market conditions and trends. These forward-looking statements express our current expectations, forecasts of future events, or long-term goals. They are based on assumptions, estimates, and forecasts that, although believed to be reasonable, may turn out to be incorrect. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including:

•economic, market, operational, liquidity, credit, and interest rate risks associated with our business;

•economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry, particularly economic conditions within Michigan and the regional and local real estate markets in which our bank operates;

•the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of, and provisions made to, our allowance for credit losses;

•increased competition in the financial services industry, either nationally or regionally;

•our ability to achieve loan and deposit growth;

•volatility and direction of market interest rates;

•the continued services of our management team; and

•implementation of new legislation, which may have significant effects on us and the financial services industry.

This list provides examples of factors that could affect the results described by forward-looking statements contained in this report, but the list is not intended to be all-inclusive. The risk factors disclosed in Part I – Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as updated by any new or modified risk factors disclosed in Part II – Item 1A of any subsequently filed Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, include the known risks our management believes could materially affect the results described by forward-looking statements in this report. However, those risks may not be the only risks we face. Our results of operations, cash flows, financial position, and prospects could also be materially and adversely affected by additional factors that are not presently known to us that we currently consider to be immaterial, or that develop after the date of this report. We cannot assure you that our future results will meet expectations. While we believe the forward-looking statements in this report are reasonable, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. In addition, these statements speak only as of the date made. We do not undertake, and expressly disclaim, any obligation to update or alter any statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

2

Part I - Item 1. INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(Unaudited)
	(In thousands, except share amounts)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	41,646	$	68,208
Interest bearing deposits	120,198		101,573
Cash and Cash Equivalents	161,844		169,781
Securities available for sale	613,620		679,350
Securities held to maturity (fair value of $311,013 at March 31, 2024 and $318,606 at December 31, 2023 )	349,957		353,988
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost	16,821		16,821
Loans held for sale, carried at fair value	8,935		12,063
Loans
Commercial	1,735,284		1,679,731
Mortgage	1,490,441		1,485,872
Installment	614,240		625,298
Total Loans	3,839,965		3,790,901
Allowance for credit losses	(56,313)		(54,658)
Net Loans	3,783,652		3,736,243
Other real estate and repossessed assets, net	1,059		569
Property and equipment, net	34,587		35,523
Bank-owned life insurance	53,633		54,341
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights, carried at fair value	43,577		42,243
Other intangibles	1,875		2,004
Goodwill	28,300		28,300
Accrued income and other assets	133,395		132,500
Total Assets	$	5,231,255	$	5,263,726
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Deposits
Non-interest bearing	$	1,034,605	$	1,076,093
Savings and interest-bearing checking	1,935,451		1,905,701
Reciprocal	893,643		832,020
Time	570,130		524,325
Brokered time	148,585		284,740
Total Deposits	4,582,414		4,622,879
Other borrowings	49,977		50,026
Subordinated debt	39,529		39,510
Subordinated debentures	39,745		39,728
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	104,020		107,134
Total Liabilities	4,815,685		4,859,277
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, no par value, 200,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock, no par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 20,903,677 shares at March 31, 2024 and 20,835,633 shares at December 31, 2023	317,099		317,483
Retained earnings	170,100		159,108
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(71,629)		(72,142)
Total Shareholders’ Equity	415,570		404,449
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	5,231,255	$	5,263,726

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

3

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

		Three months ended March 31,
		2024		2023
		(Unaudited)
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Interest Income
Interest and fees on loans		$	55,043	$	44,294
Interest on securities
Taxable		5,251		5,884
Tax-exempt		3,391		3,083
Other investments		1,441		675
Total Interest Income		65,126		53,936
Interest Expense
Deposits		22,810		13,760
Other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures		2,119		1,735
Total Interest Expense		24,929		15,495
Net Interest Income		40,197		38,441
Provision for credit losses		744		2,160
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses		39,453		36,281
Non-interest Income
Interchange income		3,151		3,205
Service charges on deposit accounts		2,872		2,857
Net gains (losses) on assets
Mortgage loans		1,364		1,256
Securities available for sale		(269)		(222)
Mortgage loan servicing, net		2,725		726
Other		2,718		2,729
Total Non-interest Income		12,561		10,551
Non-interest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits		20,770		19,339
Data processing		3,255		2,991
Occupancy, net		2,074		2,159
Interchange expense		1,097		1,049
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		954		926
FDIC deposit insurance		782		783
Communications		615		668
Loan and collection		512		578
Advertising		491		495
Legal and professional		486		607
Costs (recoveries) related to unfunded lending commitments		(652)		(475)
Other		1,809		1,837
Total Non-interest Expense		32,193		30,957
Income Before Income Tax		19,821		15,875
Income tax expense		3,830		2,884
Net Income		$	15,991	$	12,991
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic		$	0.77	$	0.62
Diluted		$	0.76	$	0.61

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

4

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

		Three months ended March 31,
		2024		2023
	(Unaudited - In thousands)
Net income		$	15,991	$	12,991
Other comprehensive income
Securities available for sale
Unrealized gains arising during period		1,524		14,393
Accretion of net unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity		820		850
Reclassification adjustments for losses included in earnings		269		222
Unrealized gains recognized in other comprehensive income on securities available for sale		2,613		15,465
Income tax expense		549		3,248
Unrealized gains recognized in other comprehensive income on securities available for sale, net of tax		2,064		12,217
Derivative instruments
Unrealized losses arising during period		(2,229)		(420)
Reclassification adjustment for expense recognized in earnings		266		84
Unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive income on derivative instruments		(1,963)		(336)
Income tax benefit		(412)		(71)
Unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive income on derivative instruments, net of tax		(1,551)		(265)
Other comprehensive income		513		11,952
Comprehensive income		$	16,504	$	24,943

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

5

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(Unaudited - In thousands)
Net Income	$	15,991	$	12,991
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash From Operating Activities
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	75,178		65,428
Disbursements for loans held for sale	(70,800)		(54,430)
Provision for credit losses	744		2,160
Deferred income tax expense	1,535		1,436
Net deferred loan fees (costs)	127		160
Net depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and premiums and accretion of discounts on securities and loans	2,509		2,425
Net gains on mortgage loans	(1,364)		(1,256)
Net losses on securities available for sale	269		222
Share based compensation	591		569
(Increase) decrease in accrued income and other assets	(3,324)		1,786
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(623)		(8,106)
Total Adjustments	4,842		10,394
Net Cash From Operating Activities	20,833		23,385
Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities
Proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale	37,273		278
Proceeds from the sale of securities held to maturity previously charged off	1,125		—
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments and calls of securities available for sale	27,484		27,742
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments and calls of securities held to maturity	2,724		3,334
Purchases of securities held to maturity	—		(400)
Net increase in portfolio loans (loans originated, net of principal payments)	(58,407)		(66,329)
Proceeds from the sale of portfolio loans	6,808		41,237
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance	889		—
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate and repossessed assets	172		243
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	299		174
Capital expenditures	(676)		(1,325)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	17,691		4,954
Cash Flow From Financing Activities
Net increase (decrease) in total deposits	(40,465)		165,680
Net decrease in other borrowings	(22)		(60,977)
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank Advances	—		95,000
Payments of Federal Home Loan Bank Advances	—		(70,000)
Dividends paid	(4,999)		(4,860)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	—		48
Share based compensation withholding obligation	(975)		(582)
Net Cash From Financing Activities	(46,461)		124,309
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(7,937)		152,648
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	169,781		74,371
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	161,844	$	227,019
Cash paid during the period for
Interest	$	24,962	$	13,697
Income taxes	—		—
Transfers to other real estate and repossessed assets	586		241
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	2,119		400

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

6

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

	Common Stock		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Balances at January 1, 2024	$	317,483	$	159,108	$	(72,142)	$	404,449
Net income, three months ended March 31, 2024	—		15,991		—		15,991
Cash dividends declared, $0.24 per share	—		(4,999)		—		(4,999)
Share based compensation (issuance of 102,324 shares of common stock)	591		—		—		591
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 39,683 shares of common stock)	(975)		—		—		(975)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		513		513
Balances at March 31, 2024	$	317,099	$	170,100	$	(71,629)	$	415,570
Balances at January 1, 2023	$	320,991	$	119,368	$	(92,763)	$	347,596
Net income, three months ended	—		12,991		—		12,991
Cash dividends declared, $0.23 per share	—		(4,860)		—		(4,860)
Issuance of 15,500 shares of common stock	48		—		—		48
Share based compensation (issuance of 86,394 shares of common stock)	569		—		—		569
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 27,562 shares of common stock)	(582)		—		—		(582)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		11,952		11,952
Balances at March 31, 2023	$	321,026	$	127,499	$	(80,811)	$	367,714

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

7

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1.    Preparation of Financial Statements

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although we believe that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all the adjustments necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial condition as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the results of operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The results of operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior period condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. Our critical accounting policies include the determination of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) and the valuation of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights. Refer to our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a disclosure of our accounting policies.

2.    New Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, ‘‘Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting’’ and in December 2022 the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848". These new ASUs provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. Entities can elect not to apply certain modification accounting requirements to contracts affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. Entities that make such elections would not have to remeasure contracts at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. Entities can elect various optional expedients that would allow them to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met.

We had formed a cross-functional project team to lead the transition from LIBOR to a planned adoption of reference rates which included Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). We utilized the timeline guidance published by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee to develop and achieve internal milestones during the transitional period. We discontinued the use of new LIBOR-based loans as of December 31, 2021, according to regulatory guidelines. We also discontinued the use of new LIBOR based interest rate derivatives as of December 31, 2021. The amended guidance under Topic 848 and our ability to elect its temporary optional expedients and exceptions are effective for us through December 31, 2024.

In March, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, "Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force)". This ASU expands the use of the proportional amortization method of accounting — currently allowed only for investments in low-income housing tax credit ("LIHTC") structures — to equity investments in other tax credit structures that meet certain criteria. Common tax credit programs that investors access via tax equity structures and that may now be eligible for application of the proportional amortization method include: new markets tax credits, historic rehabilitation tax credit programs, and renewable energy tax credit programs. This ASU takes effect in reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2024, did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 323): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures". This ASU enhances disclosures of significant segment expenses by requiring entities to disclose significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, extend certain annual disclosures to interim periods, and permit more than one measure of segment profit or loss to be reported under certain conditions. This ASU takes effect for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years

8

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures". This ASU modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (2) the income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit (separated between domestic and foreign) and (3) income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). This ASU also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state and local jurisdictions, among other changes. This ASU takes effect in reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3.    Securities

Securities available for sale (“AFS”) consist of the following:

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized
			Gains		Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
U.S. agency	$	9,770	$	3	$	848	$	8,925
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	88,010		6		9,521		78,495
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	13,464		—		1,409		12,055
Private label mortgage-backed	90,761		255		6,246		84,770
Other asset backed	66,083		17		1,267		64,833
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	331,399		234		38,417		293,216
Corporate	76,056		—		5,673		70,383
Trust preferred	984		—		41		943
Total	$	676,527	$	515	$	63,422	$	613,620
December 31, 2023
U.S. agency	$	10,299	$	5	$	797	$	9,507
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	90,195		3		8,981		81,217
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	13,706		—		1,409		12,297
Private label mortgage-backed	93,527		249		7,307		86,469
Other asset backed	114,867		3		1,939		112,931
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	341,177		204		38,644		302,737
Corporate	79,296		—		6,046		73,250
Trust preferred	983		—		41		942
Total	$	744,050	$	464	$	65,164	$	679,350

9

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Securities held to maturity (“HTM”) consist of the following:

	Carrying Value		Transferred Unrealized Loss (1)		ACL		Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value
									Gains		Losses
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
U.S. agency	$	25,672	$	1,572	$	—	$	27,244	$	—	$	5,098	$	22,146
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	107,123		9,477		—		116,600		—		25,047		91,553
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	4,123		142		—		4,265		—		448		3,817
Private label mortgage-backed	7,313		274		4		7,591		—		804		6,787
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	159,010		6,446		31		165,487		3		19,680		145,810
Corporate	45,767		725		116		46,608		—		6,708		39,900
Trust preferred	949		47		4		1,000		—		—		1,000
Total	$	349,957	$	18,683	$	155	$	368,795	$	3	$	57,785	$	311,013
December 31, 2023
U.S. agency	$	25,768	$	1,603	$	—	$	27,371	$	—	$	4,892	$	22,479
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	108,770		9,715		—		118,485		—		23,849		94,636
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	4,146		153		—		4,299		—		460		3,839
Private label mortgage-backed	7,302		302		4		7,608		—		854		6,754
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	161,352		6,879		33		168,264		88		18,807		149,545
Corporate	45,702		803		116		46,621		780		7,033		40,368
Trust preferred	948		48		4		1,000		—		15		985
Total	$	353,988	$	19,503	$	157	$	373,648	$	868	$	55,910	$	318,606

(1)Represents the remaining unrealized loss to be accreted on securities that were transferred from AFS to HTM on April 1, 2022.

10

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Our investments' gross unrealized losses and fair values for securities AFS aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual securities have been at a continuous unrealized loss position follows:

	Less Than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
U.S. agency	$	182	$	—	$	7,981	$	848	$	8,163	$	848
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	—		—		76,809		9,521		76,809		9,521
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	—		—		12,056		1,409		12,056		1,409
Private label mortgage-backed	3,480		26		79,576		6,220		83,056		6,246
Other asset backed	3,441		28		53,048		1,239		56,489		1,267
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—		293,216		38,417		293,216		38,417
Corporate	—		—		70,383		5,673		70,383		5,673
Trust preferred	—		—		942		41		942		41
Total	$	7,103	$	54	$	594,011	$	63,368	$	601,114	$	63,422
December 31, 2023
U.S. agency	$	130	$	—	$	8,453	$	797	$	8,583	$	797
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	358		1		80,008		8,980		80,366		8,981
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	—		—		12,297		1,409		12,297		1,409
Private label mortgage-backed	6,285		356		79,507		6,951		85,792		7,307
Other asset backed	7,714		88		97,203		1,851		104,917		1,939
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—		301,038		38,644		301,038		38,644
Corporate	—		—		73,249		6,046		73,249		6,046
Trust preferred	—		—		942		41		942		41
Total	$	14,487	$	445	$	652,697	$	64,719	$	667,184	$	65,164

Securities AFS in unrealized loss positions are evaluated quarterly for impairment related to credit losses. For securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For securities AFS that do not meet this criteria, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, we consider the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, adverse conditions specifically related to the security and the issuer and the impact of changes in market interest rates on the market value of the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, we compare the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis for the security, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded, limited to the amount that the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes. No ACL for securities AFS was needed at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Accrued interest receivable on securities AFS totaled $3.6 million and $4.6 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively,

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in accrued income and other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

U.S. agency, U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed and U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed securities — at March 31, 2024, we had 30 U.S. agency, 159 U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed and 10 U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major credit rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. The unrealized losses are largely attributed to widening spreads to Treasury bonds and/or an increase in interest rates since acquisition.

Private label mortgage backed, other asset backed and corporate securities — at March 31, 2024, we had 86 private label mortgage backed, 72 other asset backed, and 75 corporate securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. The unrealized losses are primarily due to credit spread widening and/or an increase in interest rates since acquisition.

Obligations of states and political subdivisions — at March 31, 2024, we had 317 municipal securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. The unrealized losses are primarily due to an increase in interest rates since acquisition.

Trust preferred securities — at March 31, 2024, we had one trust preferred security whose fair value is less than amortized cost. This trust preferred security is a single issue security issued by a trust subsidiary of a bank holding company. The pricing of trust preferred securities has suffered from credit spread widening. This security is rated by a major rating agency as investment grade.

At March 31, 2024 management does not intend to liquidate any of the securities discussed above and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of these unrealized losses.

We recorded no credit related charges in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations related to securities AFS during the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The ACL on securities HTM is a contra asset valuation account that is deducted from the carrying amount of securities HTM to present the net amount expected to be collected. Securities HTM are charged off against the ACL when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the ACL are reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in provision for credit losses. We measure expected credit losses on securities HTM on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and we consider historical credit loss information. Accrued interest receivable on securities HTM totaled $1.9 million and $1.8 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in accrued income and other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. With regard to U.S. Government-sponsored agency and mortgage-backed securities (residential and commercial), all these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee; therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to obligations of states and political subdivisions, private label-mortgage-backed, corporate and trust preferred securities HTM, we consider (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) long-term historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in our portfolio have been insignificant. During the first quarter of 2023, one corporate security (Signature Bank) defaulted resulting in a $3.0 million provision for credit losses and a corresponding full charge-off. Subsequent to this security's charge-off, a portion of its fair value had recovered and was subsequently sold during the first quarter of 2024 for $1.1 million during which period we recorded that amount as a recovery to the ACL. Despite this lone security loss, the long-term historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in our portfolio have been insignificant. Furthermore, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no past due principal and interest payments associated with these securities. At those same dates an allowance for credit losses of $155,000 and $157,000, respectively was recorded on non U.S. agency securities HTM based on applying the long-term historical credit loss rate, as published by credit rating agencies, for similarly rated securities.

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

On a quarterly basis, we monitor the credit quality of securities HTM through the use of credit ratings. The carrying value of securities HTM aggregated by credit quality follow:

	Private Label Mortgage- Backed		Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions		Corporate		Trust Preferred		Carrying Value Total
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
Credit rating:
AAA	$	7,313	$	36,148	$	—	$	—	$	43,461
AA	—		102,612		—		—		102,612
A	—		3,177		6,930		—		10,107
BBB	—		853		33,960		—		34,813
BB	—		—		1,948		—		1,948
Non-rated	—		16,220		2,929		949		20,098
Total	$	7,313	$	159,010	$	45,767	$	949	$	213,039
December 31, 2023
Credit rating:
AAA	$	7,302	$	36,629	$	—	$	—	$	43,931
AA	—		102,583		—		—		102,583
A	—		3,172		6,923		—		10,095
BBB	—		856		33,913		—		34,769
BB	—		—		1,943		—		1,943
Non-rated	—		18,112		2,923		948		21,983
Total	$	7,302	$	161,352	$	45,702	$	948	$	215,304

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses by security HTM type for the three months ended March 31 follows:

	Private Label Mortgage- Backed		Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions		Corporate		Trust Preferred		Total
	(In thousands)
2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	4	$	33	$	116	$	4	$	157
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses	—		(2)		(1,125)		—		(1,127)
Recoveries credited to the allowance	—		—		1,125		—		1,125
Securities HTM charged against the allowance	—		—		—		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	4	$	31	$	116	$	4	$	155
2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	1	$	39	$	123	$	5	$	168
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses	—		—		2,993		(1)		2,992
Recoveries credited to the allowance	—		—		—		—		—
Securities HTM charged against the allowance	—		—		(3,000)		—		(3,000)
Balance at end of period	$	1	$	39	$	116	$	4	$	160

The amortized cost and fair value of securities AFS and securities HTM at March 31, 2024, by contractual maturity, follow:

	Securities AFS				Securities HTM
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Maturing within one year	$	4,614	$	4,547	$	4,580	$	4,571
Maturing after one year but within five years	158,488		145,407		56,080		51,390
Maturing after five years but within ten years	53,274		46,945		96,684		82,065
Maturing after ten years	201,833		176,568		82,995		70,830
	418,209		373,467		240,339		208,856
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	88,010		78,495		116,600		91,553
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	13,464		12,055		4,265		3,817
Private label mortgage-backed	90,761		84,770		7,591		6,787
Other asset backed	66,083		64,833		—		—
Total	$	676,527	$	613,620	$	368,795	$	311,013

The actual maturity may differ from the contractual maturity because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Gains and losses realized on the sale of securities AFS are determined using the specific identification method and are recognized on a trade-date basis. A summary of proceeds from the sale of securities AFS and gains and losses for the three month periods ending March 31, follows:

			Realized
	Proceeds		Gains		Losses
	(In thousands)
2024	$	37,273	$	14	$	283
2023	278		—		222

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

4.    Loans

We estimate the ACL based on relevant available information from both internal and external sources, including historical loss trends, current conditions and forecasts, specific analysis of individual loans, and other relevant and appropriate factors. The allowance process is designed to provide for expected future losses based on our reasonable and supportable (“R&S”) forecast as of the reporting date. Our ACL process is administered by our Risk Management group utilizing a third party software solution, with significant input and ultimate approval from our Executive Enterprise Risk Committee. Further, we have established a current expected credit loss ("CECL") Forecast Committee, which includes a cross discipline structure with membership from Executive Management, Risk Management, Credit Administration and Accounting, which approves ACL model assumptions each quarter. Our ACL is comprised of three principal elements: (i) specific analysis of individual loans identified during the review of the loan portfolio, (ii) pooled analysis of loans with similar risk characteristics based on historical experience, adjusted for current conditions, R&S forecasts, and expected prepayments, and (iii) additional allowances based on subjective factors, including local and general economic business factors and trends, portfolio concentrations and changes in the size and/or the general terms of the loan portfolio.

The first ACL element (specific allocations) includes loans that do not share similar risk characteristics and are evaluated on an individual basis. We will typically evaluate on an individual basis loans that are on nonaccrual; commercial loans that have been modified resulting in a concession, for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, and which are considered troubled loan modifications or with well defined weaknesses; and severely delinquent mortgage and installment loans. When we determine that foreclosure is probable or when repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of underlying collateral, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for estimated selling costs. For loans evaluated on an individual basis that are not determined to be collateral dependent, a discounted cash flow analysis is performed to determine expected credit losses.

The second ACL element (pooled analysis) includes loans with similar risk characteristics, which are broken down by segment, class, and risk metric. The Bank’s primary segments of commercial, mortgage, and installment loans are further classified by other relevant attributes, such as collateral type, lien position, occupancy status, amortization method, and balance size. Commercial classes are additionally segmented by risk rating, and mortgage and installment loan classes by credit score tier, which are updated at least semi-annually.

We utilize a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model to estimate expected future losses for pooled loans. Expected future cash flows are developed from payment schedules over the contractual term, adjusted for forecasted default (probability of default), loss, and prepayment assumptions. We are not required to develop forecasts over the full contractual term of the financial asset or group of financial assets. Rather, for periods beyond which we are able to make or obtain R&S forecasts of expected credit losses, we revert to the long term average on a straight line or immediate basis, as determined by our CECL Forecast Committee, and which may vary depending on the economic outlook and uncertainty.

The DCF model for the mortgage and installment pooled loan segments includes using probability of default (“PD”) assumptions that are derived through regression analysis with forecasted US unemployment levels by credit score tier. We review a composite forecast of approximately 50 analysts as well as the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) projections in setting the unemployment forecast for the R&S period. The current ACL utilizes a one year R&S forecast followed by immediate reversion to the 75 year average unemployment rate. PD assumptions for the remaining segments are based primarily on historical rates by risk metric as defaults were not strongly correlated with any economic indicator. Loss given default (“LGD”) assumptions for the mortgage loan segment are based on a two year forecast followed by a two year straight line reversion period to the longer term average, while LGD rates for the remaining segments are the historical average for the entire period. Prepayment assumptions represent average rates per segment for a period determined by the CECL Forecast Committee and as calculated through the Bank’s Asset and Liability Management program.

Pooled reserves for the commercial loan segment are calculated using the DCF model with assumptions generally based on historical averages by class and risk rating. Effective risk rating practices allow for strong predictability of defaults and losses over the portfolio’s expected shorter duration, relative to mortgage and installment loans. Our rating system is similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulators.

The third ACL element (additional allocations based on subjective factors) is based on factors that cannot be associated with a specific credit or loan category and reflects our attempt to ensure that the overall ACL appropriately reflects a margin for the imprecision necessarily inherent in the estimates of expected credit losses. We adjust our quantitative model for certain qualitative factors to reflect the extent to which management expects current conditions and R&S forecasts to differ from the conditions that existed for the period over which historical information was evaluated. The qualitative framework reflects changes related to relevant data, such as changes in asset quality trends, portfolio growth and

16

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

composition, national and local economic factors, credit policy and administration and other factors not considered in the base quantitative model. We utilize a survey completed by business unit management throughout the Bank, as well as discussion with the CECL Forecast Committee to establish reserves under the qualitative framework.

An analysis of the ACL by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, follows:

	Commercial		Mortgage		Installment		Subjective Allocation		Total
	(In thousands)
2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	16,724	$	21,386	$	4,126	$	12,422	$	54,658
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses	2,194		(366)		(127)		170		1,871
Recoveries credited to the allowance	64		82		450		—		596
Loans charged against the allowance	—		(199)		(613)		—		(812)
Balance at end of period	$	18,982	$	20,903	$	3,836	$	12,592	$	56,313
2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	13,817	$	21,633	$	4,290	$	12,695	$	52,435
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses	648		(1,574)		(61)		155		(832)
Recoveries credited to the allowance	28		84		466		—		578
Loans charged against the allowance	(960)		(30)		(641)		—		(1,631)
Balance at end of period	$	13,533	$	20,113	$	4,054	$	12,850	$	50,550

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Loans on non-accrual status and past due more than 90 days (“Non-performing Loans”) follow:

	Non- Accrual with no Allowance for Credit Loss		Non- Accrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss		Total Non- Accrual		90+ and Still Accruing		Total Non- Performing Loans
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
Commercial
Commercial and industrial (1)	$	—	$	6	$	6	$	—	$	6
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		—
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	—		—		—		—		—
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo (2)	1,439		779		2,218		—		2,218
1-4 family non-owner occupied	—		119		119		—		119
1-4 family - 2nd lien	—		444		444		—		444
Resort lending	—		193		193		—		193
Installment
Boat lending	—		187		187		—		187
Recreational vehicle lending	—		387		387		—		387
Other	—		136		136		—		136
Total	$	1,439	$	2,251	$	3,690	$	—	$	3,690
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
December 31, 2023
Commercial
Commercial and industrial (1)	$	—	$	7	$	7	$	—	$	7
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		—
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	544		—		544		—		544
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo (2)	575		1,655		2,230		432		2,662
1-4 family non-owner occupied	—		282		282		—		282
1-4 family - 2nd lien	—		624		624		—		624
Resort lending	—		143		143		—		143
Installment
Boat lending	—		352		352		—		352
Recreational vehicle lending	—		419		419		—		419
Other	—		199		199		—		199
Total	$	1,119	$	3,681	$	4,800	$	432	$	5,232
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1)Non-performing commercial and industrial loans exclude $0.019 million and $0.021 million of government guaranteed loans at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(2)Non-performing 1-4 family owner occupied – non jumbo loans exclude $1.646 million and $2.170 million of government guaranteed loans at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

18

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The following table provides collateral information by class of loan for collateral-dependent loans with a specific reserve. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral.

The amortized cost of collateral-dependent loans by class follows:

	Collateral Type				Allowance for Credit Losses
	Real Estate		Other
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	659	$	6,175	$	1,796
Commercial real estate	—		—		—
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	—		—		—
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	2,122		—		243
1-4 family non-owner occupied	—		—		—
1-4 family - 2nd lien	131		—		46
Resort lending	193		—		68
Installment
Boat lending	—		116		41
Recreational vehicle lending	—		240		85
Other	—		55		19
Total	$	3,105	$	6,586	$	2,298
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	1	$	43
December 31, 2023
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	565	$	232	$	224
Commercial real estate	—		—		—
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	544		—		—
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	2,243		—		504
1-4 family non-owner occupied	211		—		178
1-4 family - 2nd lien	244		—		87
Resort lending	143		—		51
Installment
Boat lending	—		297		105
Recreational vehicle lending	—		303		107
Other	—		102		36
Total	$	3,950	$	934	$	1,292
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	1	$	—

19

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

An aging analysis of loans by class follows:

	Loans Past Due								Loans not Past Due		Total Loans
	30-59 days		60-89 days		90+ days		Total
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	25	$	25	$	865,252	$	865,277
Commercial real estate	2,115		—		—		2,115		867,892		870,007
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	670		—		—		670		860,106		860,776
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	2,613		1,039		663		4,315		301,015		305,330
1-4 family non-owner occupied	165		—		—		165		172,934		173,099
1-4 family - 2nd lien	811		113		93		1,017		116,385		117,402
Resort lending	—		—		193		193		33,641		33,834
Installment
Boat lending	77		66		116		259		267,346		267,605
Recreational vehicle lending	658		250		187		1,095		244,802		245,897
Other	239		95		42		376		100,362		100,738
Total	$	7,348	$	1,563	$	1,319	$	10,230	$	3,829,735	$	3,839,965
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	70	$	14	$	—	$	84	$	12,958	$	13,042
December 31, 2023
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	28	$	28	$	810,117	$	810,145
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		869,586		869,586
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	—		—		544		544		858,692		859,236
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	1,763		742		1,431		3,936		297,236		301,172
1-4 family non-owner occupied	215		64		158		437		173,379		173,816
1-4 family - 2nd lien	241		139		215		595		115,437		116,032
Resort lending	—		50		143		193		35,423		35,616
Installment
Boat lending	320		16		261		597		268,051		268,648
Recreational vehicle lending	414		35		280		729		251,123		251,852
Other	313		86		54		453		104,345		104,798
Total	$	3,266	$	1,132	$	3,114	$	7,512	$	3,783,389	$	3,790,901
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	31	$	17	$	—	$	48	$	12,452	$	12,500

20

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 there were two mortgage - 1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo loans, one mortgage 1-4 family - 2nd lien loan, and one installment - other loan modified as a troubled loan modifications totaling $0.31 million (0.1% of the total loan class), $0.07 million (0.1% of the total loan class), and $0.01 million (0.0% of the total loan class), respectively. All of the troubled loan modifications during the three months ended March 31, 2024 related to term extensions and added a weighted average 7.2 years to the life of the loans. All of the loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2024 were on non-accrual status. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no troubled loan modifications or subsequent defaults.

A loan is generally considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms for commercial loans and installment loans and when four consecutive payments are missed for mortgage loans..

In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, we perform an evaluation of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under our internal underwriting policy.

Credit Quality Indicators – As part of our on-going monitoring of the credit quality of our loan portfolios, we track certain credit quality indicators including (a) risk grade of commercial loans, (b) the level of classified commercial loans, (c) credit scores of mortgage and installment loan borrowers, and (d) delinquency history and non-performing loans.

For commercial loans, we use a loan rating system that is similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulators. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 12. A description of the general characteristics of the ratings follows:

Rating 1 through 6: These loans are generally referred to as our “non-watch” commercial credits that include very high or exceptional credit fundamentals through acceptable credit fundamentals.

Rating 7 and 8: These loans are generally referred to as our “watch” commercial credits. These ratings include loans to borrowers that exhibit potential credit weakness or downward trends. If not checked or cured these trends could weaken our asset or credit position. While potentially weak, no loss of principal or interest is envisioned with these ratings.

Rating 9: These loans are generally referred to as our “substandard accruing” commercial credits. This rating includes loans to borrowers that exhibit a well-defined weakness where payment default is probable and loss is possible if deficiencies are not corrected. Generally, loans with this rating are considered collectible as to both principal and interest primarily due to collateral coverage.

Rating 10 and 11: These loans are generally referred to as our ‘‘substandard - non-accrual’’ and ‘‘doubtful’’ commercial credits. These ratings include loans to borrowers with weaknesses that make collection of the loan in full, on the basis of current facts, conditions and values at best questionable and at worst improbable. All of these loans are placed in non-accrual.

Rating 12: These loans are generally referred to as our “loss” commercial credits. This rating includes loans to borrowers that are deemed incapable of repayment and are charged-off.

21

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize loan ratings by loan class for our commercial portfolio loan segment at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	Commercial
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial
Non-watch (1-6)	$	42,708	$	130,170	$	146,630	$	76,745	$	89,907	$	119,738	$	228,570	$	834,468
Watch (7-8)	—		2,380		5,406		2,589		3,285		5,974		4,342		23,976
Substandard Accrual (9)	—		—		—		834		311		—		5,663		6,808
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		25		—		25
Total	$	42,708	$	132,550	$	152,036	$	80,168	$	93,503	$	125,737	$	238,575	$	865,277
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	159	$	378	$	433	$	187	$	438	$	392	$	1,212	$	3,199
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Non-watch (1-6)	$	20,840	$	224,288	$	179,805	$	120,384	$	54,477	$	200,198	$	61,444	$	861,436
Watch (7-8)	—		—		—		142		—		8,429		—		8,571
Substandard Accrual (9)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	20,840	$	224,288	$	179,805	$	120,526	$	54,477	$	208,627	$	61,444	$	870,007
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	78	$	562	$	730	$	355	$	156	$	786	$	284	$	2,951
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total Commercial
Non-watch (1-6)	$	63,548	$	354,458	$	326,435	$	197,129	$	144,384	$	319,936	$	290,014	$	1,695,904
Watch (7-8)	—		2,380		5,406		2,731		3,285		14,403		4,342		32,547
Substandard Accrual (9)	—		—		—		834		311		—		5,663		6,808
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		25		—		25
Total	$	63,548	$	356,838	$	331,841	$	200,694	$	147,980	$	334,364	$	300,019	$	1,735,284
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	237	$	940	$	1,163	$	542	$	594	$	1,178	$	1,496	$	6,150
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

22

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial
Non-watch (1-6)	$	110,472	$	152,715	$	70,081	$	47,644	$	42,576	$	97,960	$	260,634	$	782,082
Watch (7-8)	96		5,239		964		2,580		4,173		2,277		11,938		27,267
Substandard Accrual (9)	—		—		547		—		21		4		196		768
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		28		—		28
Total	$	110,568	$	157,954	$	71,592	$	50,224	$	46,770	$	100,269	$	272,768	$	810,145
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	239	$	438	$	132	$	128	$	120	$	326	$	1,327	$	2,710
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	69	$	25	$	94
Commercial real estate
Non-watch (1-6)	$	202,576	$	169,230	$	131,428	$	29,684	$	78,706	$	176,265	$	73,852	$	861,741
Watch (7-8)	—		—		—		—		2,322		5,523		—		7,845
Substandard Accrual (9)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	202,576	$	169,230	$	131,428	$	29,684	$	81,028	$	181,788	$	73,852	$	869,586
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	548	$	685	$	431	$	73	$	347	$	661	$	288	$	3,033
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	960	$	—	$	—	$	960
Total Commercial
Non-watch (1-6)	$	313,048	$	321,945	$	201,509	$	77,328	$	121,282	$	274,225	$	334,486	$	1,643,823
Watch (7-8)	96		5,239		964		2,580		6,495		7,800		11,938		35,112
Substandard Accrual (9)	—		—		547		—		21		4		196		768
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		28		—		28
Total	$	313,144	$	327,184	$	203,020	$	79,908	$	127,798	$	282,057	$	346,620	$	1,679,731
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	787	$	1,123	$	563	$	201	$	467	$	987	$	1,615	$	5,743
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	960	$	69	$	25	$	1,054

For each of our mortgage and installment portfolio segment classes, we generally monitor credit quality based on the credit scores of the borrowers. These credit scores are generally updated semi-annually.

23

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize credit scores by loan class for our mortgage and installment loan portfolio segments at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	Mortgage (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo
800 and above	$	—	$	6,391	$	30,065	$	62,291	$	17,539	$	13,209	$	599	$	130,094
750-799	4,790		45,043		120,167		191,794		61,545		38,406		2,369		464,114
700-749	3,253		14,060		51,988		66,116		24,304		15,851		1,500		177,072
650-699	—		8,802		13,420		24,509		12,867		7,077		505		67,180
600-649	—		1,637		8,464		1,946		502		5,757		—		18,306
550-599	—		—		—		523		1,900		—		—		2,423
500-549	—		—		—		—		917		670		—		1,587
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	8,043	$	75,933	$	224,104	$	347,179	$	119,574	$	80,970	$	4,973	$	860,776
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	31	$	334	$	692	$	799	$	300	$	275	$	34	$	2,465
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	22	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	22
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo
800 and above	$	1,464	$	2,437	$	9,867	$	8,070	$	5,381	$	11,442	$	3,228	$	41,889
750-799	952		15,202		31,512		21,596		11,516		25,557		8,408		114,743
700-749	3,924		13,565		17,556		11,759		7,731		22,753		4,915		82,203
650-699	7,549		1,898		5,018		4,543		2,507		14,352		1,103		36,970
600-649	—		205		964		1,686		828		7,374		91		11,148
550-599	—		188		661		70		1,691		5,784		65		8,459
500-549	—		—		—		1,244		993		4,443		—		6,680
Under 500	—		—		311		464		280		2,183		—		3,238
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	13,889	$	33,495	$	65,889	$	49,432	$	30,927	$	93,888	$	17,810	$	305,330
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	21	$	181	$	214	$	128	$	82	$	374	$	146	$	1,146
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
1-4 family non-owner occupied
800 and above	$	265	$	3,140	$	6,067	$	12,145	$	3,341	$	9,035	$	631	$	34,624
750-799	3,056		9,949		16,864		26,806		11,432		19,297		3,443		90,847
700-749	626		3,885		6,802		8,780		4,191		7,248		1,729		33,261
650-699	—		216		1,961		1,823		2,028		3,453		210		9,691
600-649	—		—		386		1,437		—		1,333		311		3,467
550-599	—		—		61		52		—		821		—		934
500-549	—		—		—		—		—		140		—		140
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		135		—		135
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	3,947	$	17,190	$	32,141	$	51,043	$	20,992	$	41,462	$	6,324	$	173,099
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	13	$	82	$	123	$	149	$	58	$	179	$	51	$	655
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	155	$	—	$	155

24

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

	Mortgage - continued (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024 - continued
1-4 family - 2nd lien
800 and above	$	—	$	476	$	153	$	697	$	784	$	706	$	9,502	$	12,318
750-799	276		2,202		3,620		2,536		2,509		3,749		38,095		52,987
700-749	537		1,836		1,493		1,636		726		2,574		25,106		33,908
650-699	—		641		591		221		533		2,246		8,813		13,045
600-649	32		51		141		137		146		631		1,717		2,855
550-599	—		—		80		202		39		441		524		1,286
500-549	—		—		—		11		—		525		280		816
Under 500	—		—		18		—		—		169		—		187
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	845	$	5,206	$	6,096	$	5,440	$	4,737	$	11,041	$	84,037	$	117,402
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	4	$	20	$	24	$	13	$	16	$	51	$	669	$	797
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	22	$	22
Resort lending
800 and above	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	98	$	—	$	5,467	$	—	$	5,565
750-799	—		41		814		903		850		12,363		—		14,971
700-749	—		—		107		300		111		4,989		—		5,507
650-699	—		—		—		—		314		6,136		—		6,450
600-649	—		—		—		—		48		834		—		882
550-599	—		—		—		—		—		265		—		265
500-549	—		—		—		—		—		58		—		58
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		136		—		136
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	41	$	921	$	1,301	$	1,323	$	30,248	$	—	$	33,834
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	4	$	4	$	147	$	—	$	159
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total Mortgage
800 and above	$	1,729	$	12,444	$	46,152	$	83,301	$	27,045	$	39,859	$	13,960	$	224,490
750-799	9,074		72,437		172,977		243,635		87,852		99,372		52,315		737,662
700-749	8,340		33,346		77,946		88,591		37,063		53,415		33,250		331,951
650-699	7,549		11,557		20,990		31,096		18,249		33,264		10,631		133,336
600-649	32		1,893		9,955		5,206		1,524		15,929		2,119		36,658
550-599	—		188		802		847		3,630		7,311		589		13,367
500-549	—		—		—		1,255		1,910		5,836		280		9,281
Under 500	—		—		329		464		280		2,623		—		3,696
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	26,724	$	131,865	$	329,151	$	454,395	$	177,553	$	257,609	$	113,144	$	1,490,441
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	69	$	617	$	1,057	$	1,093	$	460	$	1,026	$	900	$	5,222
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	22	$	—	$	—	$	155	$	22	$	199

25

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

	Mortgage (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2023
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo
800 and above	$	6,299	$	30,789	$	63,377	$	17,672	$	4,503	$	8,813	$	1,084	$	132,537
750-799	42,726		117,454		193,587		61,986		24,288		14,836		1,586		456,463
700-749	14,965		51,991		66,597		25,170		4,738		11,768		1,500		176,729
650-699	11,274		13,804		24,648		12,949		2,142		5,881		—		70,698
600-649	1,638		7,815		2,486		505		3,198		2,592		—		18,234
550-599	—		—		527		1,908		—		—		—		2,435
500-549	—		544		—		923		—		673		—		2,140
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	76,902	$	222,397	$	351,222	$	121,113	$	38,869	$	44,563	$	4,170	$	859,236
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	329	$	669	$	785	$	299	$	107	$	156	$	30	$	2,375
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo
800 and above	$	2,280	$	10,083	$	7,780	$	5,425	$	2,802	$	9,130	$	3,029	$	40,529
750-799	13,233		32,729		21,664		12,306		5,954		19,852		8,462		114,200
700-749	11,696		18,133		11,661		8,136		3,280		20,042		4,482		77,430
650-699	9,576		5,717		4,606		2,524		2,393		12,369		1,500		38,685
600-649	136		1,334		1,694		833		1,096		6,415		84		11,592
550-599	188		624		71		1,705		557		5,390		65		8,600
500-549	—		—		1,335		998		413		4,077		—		6,823
Under 500	—		311		462		272		518		1,750		—		3,313
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	37,109	$	68,931	$	49,273	$	32,199	$	17,013	$	79,025	$	17,622	$	301,172
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	153	$	235	$	119	$	78	$	56	$	331	$	139	$	1,111
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	29	$	—	$	29
1-4 family non-owner occupied
800 and above	$	2,320	$	6,026	$	12,338	$	3,474	$	3,048	$	6,030	$	1,199	$	34,435
750-799	10,937		16,635		28,051		11,545		6,709		13,400		3,498		90,775
700-749	3,904		7,013		8,825		4,145		667		6,719		2,095		33,368
650-699	216		1,879		1,844		2,543		197		3,521		277		10,477
600-649	—		388		1,445		—		75		1,226		362		3,496
550-599	—		61		52		—		—		873		—		986
500-549	—		—		—		—		—		142		—		142
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		137		—		137
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	17,377	$	32,002	$	52,555	$	21,707	$	10,696	$	32,048	$	7,431	$	173,816
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	77	$	125	$	149	$	60	$	35	$	146	$	62	$	654
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

26

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

	Mortgage - continued (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2023 - (continued)
1-4 family - 2nd lien
800 and above	$	537	$	156	$	703	$	389	$	159	$	1,153	$	9,817	$	12,914
750-799	2,260		2,879		2,359		2,341		898		3,084		38,277		52,098
700-749	1,895		1,243		1,464		324		224		2,348		25,849		33,347
650-699	425		285		182		519		302		1,869		8,945		12,527
600-649	51		107		97		67		37		563		1,886		2,808
550-599	—		80		203		—		157		238		638		1,316
500-549	—		—		12		—		—		487		331		830
Under 500	—		19		—		—		77		61		35		192
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	5,168	$	4,769	$	5,020	$	3,640	$	1,854	$	9,803	$	85,778	$	116,032
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	19	$	14	$	10	$	7	$	6	$	41	$	707	$	804
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5	$	—	$	5
Resort lending
800 and above	$	—	$	—	$	99	$	—	$	—	$	5,643	$	—	$	5,742
750-799	41		817		910		858		179		12,649		—		15,454
700-749	—		108		871		111		—		5,439		—		6,529
650-699	—		—		—		316		—		6,219		—		6,535
600-649	—		—		—		49		—		844		—		893
550-599	—		—		—		—		—		267		—		267
500-549	—		—		—		—		—		59		—		59
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		137		—		137
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	41	$	925	$	1,880	$	1,334	$	179	$	31,257	$	—	$	35,616
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	—	$	4	$	3	$	4	$	—	$	142	$	—	$	153
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	120	$	—	$	120
Total Mortgage
800 and above	$	11,436	$	47,054	$	84,297	$	26,960	$	10,512	$	30,769	$	15,129	$	226,157
750-799	69,197		170,514		246,571		89,036		38,028		63,821		51,823		728,990
700-749	32,460		78,488		89,418		37,886		8,909		46,316		33,926		327,403
650-699	21,491		21,685		31,280		18,851		5,034		29,859		10,722		138,922
600-649	1,825		9,644		5,722		1,454		4,406		11,640		2,332		37,023
550-599	188		765		853		3,613		714		6,768		703		13,604
500-549	—		544		1,347		1,921		413		5,438		331		9,994
Under 500	—		330		462		272		595		2,085		35		3,779
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	136,597	$	329,024	$	459,950	$	179,993	$	68,611	$	196,696	$	115,001	$	1,485,872
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	578	$	1,047	$	1,066	$	448	$	204	$	816	$	938	$	5,097
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	154	$	—	$	154

(1)Credit scores have been updated within the last twelve months.

27

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

	Installment (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
Boat lending
800 and above	$	1,393	$	5,830	$	7,969	$	8,052	$	3,424	$	11,105	$	37,773
750-799	6,199		32,477		34,702		28,306		15,499		32,620		149,803
700-749	2,490		14,910		14,676		11,589		4,334		11,499		59,498
650-699	582		3,566		2,783		4,157		1,513		3,878		16,479
600-649	—		279		424		533		262		762		2,260
550-599	—		85		305		225		136		376		1,127
500-549	—		—		151		203		96		178		628
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		37		37
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	10,664	$	57,147	$	61,010	$	53,065	$	25,264	$	60,455	$	267,605
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	46	$	208	$	148	$	124	$	60	$	141	$	727
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	31	$	8	$	—	$	49	$	88
Recreational vehicle lending
800 and above	$	522	$	2,883	$	10,034	$	11,068	$	3,272	$	8,732	$	36,511
750-799	2,891		14,566		39,695		37,766		12,142		18,878		125,938
700-749	1,690		6,346		18,112		19,564		5,054		7,718		58,484
650-699	200		2,447		4,990		5,934		1,636		1,952		17,159
600-649	61		699		689		1,545		386		675		4,055
550-599	—		75		300		897		69		494		1,835
500-549	—		—		851		319		149		284		1,603
Under 500	—		—		107		104		33		68		312
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	5,364	$	27,016	$	74,778	$	77,197	$	22,741	$	38,801	$	245,897
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	20	$	108	$	198	$	184	$	53	$	88	$	651
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	18	$	33	$	21	$	—	$	2	$	74
Other
800 and above	$	427	$	1,430	$	1,527	$	1,453	$	783	$	1,148	$	6,768
750-799	2,590		10,898		10,151		6,121		3,168		5,271		38,199
700-749	9,882		7,064		5,968		4,543		2,017		3,960		33,434
650-699	9,357		2,521		2,667		1,357		568		1,534		18,004
600-649	72		493		549		358		126		462		2,060
550-599	54		32		278		230		30		189		813
500-549	—		95		241		216		38		77		667
Under 500	—		—		87		47		11		91		236
Unknown	557		—		—		—		—		—		557
Total	$	22,939	$	22,533	$	21,468	$	14,325	$	6,741	$	12,732	$	100,738
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	26	$	92	$	56	$	32	$	16	$	70	$	292
Current period gross charge-offs	$	358	$	16	$	51	$	—	$	2	$	24	$	451

28

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

	Installment (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Total
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024 - continued
Total installment
800 and above	$	2,342	$	10,143	$	19,530	$	20,573	$	7,479	$	20,985	$	81,052
750-799	11,680		57,941		84,548		72,193		30,809		56,769		313,940
700-749	14,062		28,320		38,756		35,696		11,405		23,177		151,416
650-699	10,139		8,534		10,440		11,448		3,717		7,364		51,642
600-649	133		1,471		1,662		2,436		774		1,899		8,375
550-599	54		192		883		1,352		235		1,059		3,775
500-549	—		95		1,243		738		283		539		2,898
Under 500	—		—		194		151		44		196		585
Unknown	557		—		—		—		—		—		557
Total	$	38,967	$	106,696	$	157,256	$	144,587	$	54,746	$	111,988	$	614,240
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	92	$	408	$	402	$	340	$	129	$	299	$	1,670
Current period gross charge-offs	$	358	$	34	$	115	$	29	$	2	$	75	$	613

29

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

	Installment - continued (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2023
Boat lending
800 and above	$	6,110	$	8,150	$	8,250	$	3,612	$	4,061	$	7,665	$	37,848
750-799	34,174		35,921		29,665		16,329		13,173		21,432		150,694
700-749	15,593		15,042		11,859		4,481		4,757		7,279		59,011
650-699	3,652		3,029		4,277		1,545		1,237		2,842		16,582
600-649	281		432		808		268		171		620		2,580
550-599	85		344		229		139		108		335		1,240
500-549	—		152		207		97		—		198		654
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		39		39
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	59,895	$	63,070	$	55,295	$	26,471	$	23,507	$	40,410	$	268,648
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	216	$	154	$	132	$	63	$	58	$	91	$	714
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	53	$	—	$	—	$	15	$	53	$	121
Recreational vehicle lending
800 and above	$	3,168	$	10,759	$	11,568	$	3,484	$	3,838	$	5,482	$	38,299
750-799	15,677		41,037		39,113		13,025		8,415		11,934		129,201
700-749	6,481		18,630		20,161		5,243		3,689		4,460		58,664
650-699	2,524		5,108		6,073		1,706		936		1,157		17,504
600-649	713		724		1,573		394		308		429		4,141
550-599	90		304		973		71		249		383		2,070
500-549	—		880		326		153		136		154		1,649
Under 500	—		108		106		34		70		6		324
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	28,653	$	77,550	$	79,893	$	24,110	$	17,641	$	24,005	$	251,852
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	112	$	201	$	189	$	56	$	44	$	53	$	655
Current period gross charge-offs	$	28	$	122	$	192	$	32	$	81	$	11	$	466
Other
800 and above	$	1,599	$	1,673	$	1,633	$	897	$	582	$	756	$	7,140
750-799	11,782		11,017		6,600		3,557		1,622		4,077		38,655
700-749	16,717		6,564		5,013		2,268		1,047		3,361		34,970
650-699	12,483		2,997		1,494		627		266		1,390		19,257
600-649	515		605		395		138		107		410		2,170
550-599	49		329		294		35		53		176		936
500-549	98		260		246		43		31		72		750
Under 500	—		97		65		14		57		38		271
Unknown	649		—		—		—		—		—		649
Total	$	43,892	$	23,542	$	15,740	$	7,579	$	3,765	$	10,280	$	104,798
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	101	$	62	$	34	$	17	$	10	$	67	$	291
Current period gross charge-offs	$	1,677	$	104	$	44	$	17	$	12	$	147	$	2,001
Total installment
800 and above	$	10,877	$	20,582	$	21,451	$	7,993	$	8,481	$	13,903	$	83,287
750-799	61,633		87,975		75,378		32,911		23,210		37,443		318,550
700-749	38,791		40,236		37,033		11,992		9,493		15,100		152,645
650-699	18,659		11,134		11,844		3,878		2,439		5,389		53,343
600-649	1,509		1,761		2,776		800		586		1,459		8,891
550-599	224		977		1,496		245		410		894		4,246
500-549	98		1,292		779		293		167		424		3,053
Under 500	—		205		171		48		127		83		634
Unknown	649		—		—		—		—		—		649
Total	$	132,440	$	164,162	$	150,928	$	58,160	$	44,913	$	74,695	$	625,298
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	429	$	417	$	355	$	136	$	112	$	211	$	1,660
Current period gross charge-offs	$	1,705	$	279	$	236	$	49	$	108	$	211	$	2,588

(1)Credit scores have been updated within the last twelve months.

30

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Foreclosed residential real estate properties included in other real estate and repossessed assets on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition totaled $1.0 million and $0.6 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Retail mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements totaled $0.1 million and $0.6 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

During the three month period ended March 31, 2024, we sold $6.8 million of portfolio residential fixed rate mortgage loans servicing retained and recognized a gain on sale of $0.11 million. During the same three month period of 2023, we sold $41.2 million of portfolio residential mortgage loans servicing retained and recognized a loss on sale of $0.16 million. These transactions were done primarily for asset/liability management purposes.

31

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

5.    Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share

On December 19, 2023, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase plan (the “Repurchase Plan”) to buy back up to 1,100,000 shares of our outstanding common stock through December 31, 2024. Shares would be repurchased through open market transactions, though we could execute repurchases through other means, such as privately negotiated transactions. The timing and amount of any share repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including, among others, securities law restrictions, the trading price of our common stock, regulatory requirements, potential alternative uses for capital, and our financial performance. During the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 there were no repurchases of common stock.

A reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per common share follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Net income	$	15,991	$	12,991
Weighted average shares outstanding (1)	20,877		21,104
Stock units for deferred compensation plan for non-employee directors	175		150
Performance share units	25		22
Effect of stock options	3		21
Weighted average shares outstanding for calculation of diluted earnings per share	21,080		21,297
Net income per common share
Basic (1)	$	0.77	$	0.62
Diluted	$	0.76	$	0.61

(1)Basic net income per common share includes weighted average common shares outstanding during the period and participating share awards.

Weighted average stock options outstanding that were not considered in computing diluted net income per common share because they were anti-dilutive were zero for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

32

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

6.    Derivative Financial Instruments

We are required to record derivatives on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as assets and liabilities measured at their fair value. The accounting for increases and decreases in the value of derivatives depends upon the use of derivatives and whether the derivatives qualify for hedge accounting.

Our derivative financial instruments according to the type of hedge in which they are designated follows:

	March 31, 2024
	Notional Amount		Average Maturity (years)	Fair Value
	(Dollars in thousands)
Fair value hedge designation
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement - commercial	$	5,937	5.1	$	428
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - securities available for sale	148,895		3.6	16,835
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - installment	100,000		3.2	460
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - mortgage	100,000		4.1	(129)
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - FHLB Advance	50,000		1.5	(25)
Interest rate cap agreements - securities available for sale	40,970		4.1	534
Total	$	445,802	3.4	$	18,103
Cash flow hedge designation
Interest rate floor agreements - commercial	$	250,000	3.0	$	3,626
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments	$	25,501	0.1	$	267
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans	32,798		0.1	(50)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial	402,119		5.9	13,139
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial	402,119		5.9	(13,139)
Total	$	862,537	5.5	$	217

33

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

	December 31, 2023
	Notional Amount		Average Maturity (years)	Fair Value
	(Dollars in thousands)
Fair value hedge designation
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement - commercial	$	6,033	5.4	$	349
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - securities available for sale	148,895		3.9	15,287
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - installment	100,000		3.4	(1,228)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - mortgage	100,000		4.3	(2,131)
Interest rate cap agreements - securities available for sale	40,970		4.3	456
Total	$	395,898	3.9	$	12,733
Cash flow hedge designation
Interest rate floor agreements - commercial	$	150,000	3.5	$	4,221
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments	18,081		0.1	173
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans	30,442		0.1	(279)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial	379,012		5.9	7,169
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial	379,012		5.9	(7,169)
Total	$	806,547	5.5	$	(106)

We have established management objectives and strategies that include interest-rate risk parameters for maximum fluctuations in net interest income and market value of portfolio equity. We monitor our interest rate risk position via simulation modeling reports. The goal of our asset/liability management efforts is to maintain profitable financial leverage within established risk parameters.

We have entered into pay-fixed interest rate swaps and caps to protect a portion of the fair value of a certain fixed rate commercial loan and certain mortgage and installment loans (‘‘Fair Value Hedge – Portfolio Loans’’). As a result, changes in the fair values of the pay-fixed interest rate swap and caps are expected to offset changes in the fair values of the fixed rate portfolio loans due to fluctuations in interest rates. We record the fair values of Fair Value Hedge – Portfolio Loans in accrued income and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The hedged items (a fixed rate commercial loan and certain fixed rate mortgage and installment loans) are also recorded at fair value which offsets the adjustment to the Fair Value Hedge – Portfolio Loans. On an ongoing basis, we adjust our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to reflect the then current fair values of both the Fair Value Hedge – Portfolio Loans and the hedged items. The related gains or losses are reported in interest income – interest and fees on loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the second quarter of 2023 we terminated the interest rate cap that was previously hedging certain installment loans. The remaining unrealized gain on this terminated interest cap is being amortized into earnings over the original life of the interest rate cap.

We have entered into pay-fixed interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements to protect a portion of the fair value of certain securities available for sale (‘‘Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities’’). As a result, the change in the fair value of the pay-fixed interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements is expected to offset a portion of the change in the fair value of the fixed rate securities available for sale due to fluctuations in interest rates. We record the fair value of Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities in accrued income and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The hedged items (fixed rate securities available for sale) are also recorded at fair value which offsets the adjustment to the Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities. On an ongoing basis, we adjust our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to reflect the then current fair value of both the Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities and the hedged item. The related gains or losses are reported in interest income – interest on securities – tax-exempt in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

34

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

We have entered into a pay-variable interest rate swap to protect a portion of the fair value of a certain Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") advance (‘‘Fair Value Hedge – FHLB Advance’’). As a result, changes in the fair value of the pay-variable interest rate swap is expected to offset changes in the fair value of the fixed rate FHLB advance due to fluctuations in interest rates. We record the fair value of the Fair Value Hedge – FHLB Advance in accrued income and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The hedged item (a fixed rate FHLB advance) is also recorded at fair value which offsets the adjustment to the Fair Value Hedge – FHLB Advance. On an ongoing basis, we adjust our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to reflect the then current fair values of both the Fair Value Hedge – FHLB Advance and the hedged item. The related gains or losses are reported in interest expense – other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We have entered into interest rate floor agreements to manage the variability in future expected cash flows of certain commercial loans (‘‘Cash Flow Hedge – Portfolio Loans’’). We record the fair value of Cash Flow Hedge – Portfolio Loans in accrued income and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The changes in the fair value of Cash Flow Hedge - Portfolio Loans are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and are reclassified into the line item in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in which the hedged items are recorded in the same period the hedged items affect earnings. It is anticipated that as of March 31, 2024, $1.1 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss on Cash Flow Hedge - Portfolio Loans into earnings as a reduction of interest and fees on loans over the next twelve months. The maximum term of any Cash Flow Hedge - Portfolio Loans at March 31, 2024 is 4.4 years.

Certain derivative financial instruments have not been designated as hedges. The fair value of these derivative financial instruments has been recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and is adjusted on an ongoing basis to reflect their then current fair value. The changes in fair value of derivative financial instruments not designated as hedges are recognized in earnings

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into rate-lock mortgage loan commitments with customers (“Rate-Lock Commitments”). These commitments expose us to interest rate risk. We also enter into mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans (“Mandatory Commitments”) to reduce the impact of price fluctuations of mortgage loans held for sale and Rate-Lock Commitments. Mandatory Commitments help protect our loan sale profit margin from fluctuations in interest rates. The changes in the fair value of Rate-Lock Commitments and Mandatory Commitments are recognized currently as part of net gains on mortgage loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We obtain market prices on Mandatory Commitments and Rate-Lock Commitments. Net gains on mortgage loans, as well as net income may be more volatile as a result of these derivative instruments, which are not designated as hedges.

We have a program that allows commercial loan customers to lock in a fixed rate for a longer period of time than we would normally offer for interest rate risk reasons. We will enter into a variable rate commercial loan and an interest rate swap agreement with a customer and then enter into an offsetting interest rate swap agreement with an unrelated party. The interest rate swap agreement fair values will generally move in opposite directions resulting in little or no net impact on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. All of the interest rate swap agreements - commercial in the table above with no hedge designation relate to this program.

We had entered into a no hedge designation pay-variable interest rate swap agreement in an attempt to manage the cost of certain funding liabilities. The changes in fair value of this no hedge pay-variable interest rate swap is recorded in non-interest expense-other in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. This no hedge designation pay-variable interest rate swap agreement matured during the third quarter of 2023.

35

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The following tables illustrate the impact that the derivative financial instruments discussed above have on individual line items in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition for the periods presented:

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments

	Asset Derivatives						Liability Derivatives
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements	Other assets	$	17,964	Other assets	$	15,636	Other liabilities	$	370	Other liabilities	$	3,359
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements	Other assets	2		Other assets	—		Other liabilities	27		Other liabilities	—
Interest rate cap agreements	Other assets	534		Other assets	456		Other liabilities	—		Other liabilities	—
Interest rate floor agreements	Other assets	3,626		Other assets	4,221		Other liabilities	—		Other liabilities	—
		22,126			20,313			397			3,359
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments	Other assets	267		Other assets	173		Other liabilities	—		Other liabilities	—
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans	Other assets	—		Other assets	—		Other liabilities	50		Other liabilities	279
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial	Other assets	16,018		Other assets	12,683		Other liabilities	2,879		Other liabilities	5,514
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial	Other assets	2,879		Other assets	5,514		Other liabilities	16,018		Other liabilities	12,683
		19,164			18,370			18,947			18,476
Total derivatives		$	41,290		$	38,683		$	19,344		$	21,835

36

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The effect of derivative financial instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations follows:

	Loss Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Effective Portion)				Location of Loss Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income (Effective Portion)	Loss Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income (Effective Portion)					Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
	Three Month Periods Ended March 31,					Three Month Periods Ended March 31,				Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income	Three Month Periods Ended March 31,
	2024		2023			2024		2023			2024		2023
											(In thousands)
Fair Value Hedges
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement - commercial										Interest and fees on loans	$	79	$	(101)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - securities available for sale										Interest on securities available for sale - tax - exempt	1,548		(2,744)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - Installment										Interest and fees on loans	1,688		(421)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - Mortgage										Interest and fees on loans	2,002		—
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - FHLB Advance										Interest expense - other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures	(25)		—
Interest rate cap agreements - securities available for sale	$	38	$	(572)	Interest on securities available for sale - tax - exempt	$	(54)	$	(84)	Interest on securities available for sale - tax - exempt	40		51
Interest rate cap agreements - installment	—		152		Interest and fees on loans	—		—		Interest and fees on loans	—		(14)
Total	$	38	$	(420)		$	(54)	$	(84)		$	5,332	$	(3,229)
Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate floor agreements - commercial	$	(2,267)	$	—	Interest and fees on loans	$	(212)	$	—	Interest and fees on loans	$	(212)	$	—
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments										Net gains on mortgage loans	$	94	$	683
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans										Net gains on mortgage loans	229		(746)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial										Interest income	5,970		$	5,574
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial										Interest income	(5,970)		(5,574)
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreement										Non-interest expense - other	—		$	(18)
Total											$	323	$	(81)

37

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

7.    Goodwill and Other Intangibles

The following table summarizes intangible assets, net of amortization:

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
	(In thousands)
Amortized intangible assets - core deposits	$	11,916	$	10,041	$	11,916	$	9,912
Unamortized intangible assets - goodwill	$	28,300			$	28,300

A summary of estimated core deposits intangible amortization at March 31, 2024 follows:

	(In thousands)
Nine months ending December 31, 2024	387
2025	487
2026	460
2027	434
2028	107
Total	$	1,875

8.    Share Based Compensation

We maintain share based payment plans that include a non-employee director stock purchase plan and a long-term incentive plan that permits the issuance of share based compensation, including stock options and non-vested share awards. The long-term incentive plan, which is shareholder approved, permits the grant of additional share based awards for up to 0.4 million shares of common stock as of March 31, 2024. The non-employee director stock purchase plan permits the issuance of additional share based payments for up to 0.1 million shares of common stock as of March 31, 2024. Share based awards and payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant and are expensed over the requisite service period. Common shares issued upon exercise of stock options come from currently authorized but unissued shares.

A summary of restricted stock and performance stock units (“PSU”) granted pursuant to our long-term incentive plan follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024	2023
Restricted stock	80,355	71,346
PSU	18,822	18,790

The shares of restricted stock and PSUs shown in the above table cliff vest after a period of three years. The performance criteria of the PSUs is split evenly between a comparison of (i) our total shareholder return and (ii) our return on average assets each over the three year period starting on the grant date to these same criteria over that period to an index of our banking peers.

Our directors may elect to receive all or a portion of their cash retainer fees in the form of common stock (either on a current basis or on a deferred basis) pursuant to the non-employee director stock purchase plan referenced above. Shares equal in value to that portion of each director’s fees that he or she has elected to receive in stock on a current basis are issued each quarter and vest immediately. Shares issued on a deferred basis are credited at the rate of 90% of the current

38

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

fair value of our common stock and vest immediately. During the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 we issued 0.002 million and 0.004 million shares, respectively and expensed their value during those same periods.

Total compensation expense recognized for grants pursuant to our long-term incentive plan was $0.5 million during both three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The corresponding tax benefit relating to this expense was $0.1 million during both three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Total expense recognized for non-employee director share based payments was $0.07 million and $0.09 million during three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The corresponding tax benefit relating to this expense was $0.01 million and $0.02 million for three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

At March 31, 2024, the total expected compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock and PSUs not yet recognized was $4.3 million. The weighted-average period over which this amount will be recognized is 2.3 years.

A summary of outstanding stock option grants and related transactions follows:

	Number of Shares	Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregated Intrinsic Value
					(In thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2024	11,724	$	11.73
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(5,583)	8.96
Forfeited	—	—
Expired	—	—
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	6,141	$	14.24	3.0	$	68
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2024	6,141	$	14.24	3.0	$	68
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	6,141	$	14.24	3.0	$	68

A summary of outstanding non-vested stock and related transactions follows:

	Number of Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2024	269,233	$	22.93
Granted	99,177	24.51
Vested	(91,899)	20.43
Forfeited	(587)	23.80
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	275,924	$	24.33

Certain information regarding options exercised during the periods follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Intrinsic value	$	91	$	223
Cash proceeds received	$	—	$	100
Tax benefit realized	$	19	$	47

39

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

9.    Income Tax

Income tax expense was $3.8 million and $2.9 million during the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our actual federal income tax expense is different than the amount computed by applying our statutory income tax rate to our income before income tax primarily due to tax-exempt interest income and tax-exempt income from the increase in the cash surrender value on life insurance. In addition, the three month periods ending March 31, 2024 and 2023 include reductions of $0.11 million and $0.04 million, respectively, of income tax expense related to the impact of the excess value of stock awards that vested and stock options that were exercised as compared to the initial fair values that were expensed.

We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. The ultimate realization of this asset is primarily based on generating future income. We concluded at March 31, 2024, March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 that the realization of substantially all of our deferred tax assets continues to be more likely than not.

At both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had approximately $0.2 million, respectively, of gross unrecognized tax benefits. We do not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase or decrease during the remainder of 2024.

10.    Regulatory Matters

Capital guidelines adopted by federal and state regulatory agencies and restrictions imposed by law limit the amount of cash dividends our Bank can pay to us. Under these guidelines, the amount of dividends that may be paid in any calendar year is limited to the Bank’s current year net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years. Further, the Bank cannot pay a dividend at any time that it has negative undivided profits. As of March 31, 2024, the Bank had positive undivided profits of $187.3 million. It is not our intent to have dividends paid in amounts that would reduce the capital of our Bank to levels below those which we consider prudent or that would not be in accordance with guidelines of regulatory authorities.

We are also subject to various regulatory capital requirements. The prompt corrective action regulations establish quantitative measures to ensure capital adequacy and require minimum amounts and ratios of total, Tier 1, and common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and Tier 1 capital to average assets. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory, and possibly discretionary, actions by regulators that could have a material effect on our interim condensed consolidated financial statements. In addition, capital adequacy rules include a common equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets that applies to all supervised financial institutions. To avoid limits on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments we must meet the minimum ratio for adequately capitalized institutions plus the buffer. Under capital adequacy guidelines, we must meet specific capital requirements that involve quantitative measures as well as qualitative judgments by the regulators. The most recent regulatory filings as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, categorized our Bank as well capitalized and exceeding the minimum ratio for adequately capitalized institutions plus the capital conservation buffer. Management is not aware of any conditions or events that would have changed the most recent Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) categorization.

40

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Our actual capital amounts and ratios follow (1):

	Actual				Minimum for Adequately Capitalized Institutions				Minimum for Well-Capitalized Institutions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
	(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2024
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	582,411	13.85	%	$	336,359	8.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	529,972		12.62		336,015		8.00		$	420,019	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	489,747	11.65	%	$	252,269	6.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	477,361		11.37		252,011		6.00		$	336,015	8.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	451,226	10.73	%	$	189,202	4.50	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	477,361		11.37		189,008		4.50		$	273,012	6.50	%
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Consolidated	$	489,747	9.29	%	$	210,943	4.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	477,361		9.05		210,909		4.00		$	263,636	5.00	%
December 31, 2023
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	573,972	13.71	%	$	335,014	8.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	521,374		12.46		334,673		8.00		$	418,341	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	481,569	11.50	%	$	251,260	6.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	469,023		11.21		251,005		6.00		$	334,673	8.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	443,065	10.58	%	$	188,445	4.50	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	469,023		11.21		188,254		4.50		$	271,922	6.50	%
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Consolidated	$	481,569	9.03	%	$	213,227	4.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	469,023		8.80		213,180		4.00		$	266,475	5.00	%

_______________________________________

(1) These ratios do not reflect a capital conservation buffer of 2.50% at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

NA - Not applicable

41

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The components of our regulatory capital are as follows:

	Consolidated				Independent Bank
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Total shareholders' equity	$	415,570	$	404,449	$	441,705	$	430,407
Add (deduct)
Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss for regulatory purposes	65,831		66,344		65,831		66,344
Goodwill and other intangibles	(30,175)		(30,304)		(30,175)		(30,304)
CECL (1)	—		2,576		—		2,576
Common equity tier 1 capital	451,226		443,065		477,361		469,023
Qualifying trust preferred securities	38,521		38,504		—		—
Tier 1 capital	489,747		481,569		477,361		469,023
Subordinated debt	40,000		40,000		—		—
Allowance for credit losses and allowance for unfunded lending commitments limited to 1.25% of total risk-weighted assets	52,664		52,403		52,611		52,351
Total risk-based capital	$	582,411	$	573,972	$	529,972	$	521,374

(1) We elected the three year CECL transition method for regulatory purposes.

11.    Fair Value Disclosures

FASB ASC topic 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. Level 1 instruments include securities traded on active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange, as well as U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets.

Level 2: Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Level 2 instruments include securities traded in less active dealer or broker markets.

Level 3: Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

We used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:

Securities: Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified as Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. We currently do not have any Level 1 securities. If quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by (1) using quoted market prices of securities with similar characteristics, (2) matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices, or (3) a discounted cash flow analysis whose significant fair value inputs can generally be verified and do

42

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

not typically involve judgment by management. These securities are classified as Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy and primarily include agency securities, private label mortgage-backed securities, other asset backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, trust preferred securities, corporate securities and foreign government securities.

Loans held for sale: The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale, carried at fair value is based on agency cash window loan pricing for comparable assets (recurring Level 2).

Collateral dependent loans with specific loss allocations based on collateral value: From time to time, certain collateral dependent loans will have an ACL established. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an appraised value or when an appraised value is not available we record the collateral dependent loan as nonrecurring Level 3. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments can be significant and thus will typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Other real estate: At the time of acquisition, other real estate is recorded at fair value, less estimated costs to sell, which becomes the property’s new basis. Subsequent write-downs to reflect declines in value since the time of acquisition may occur from time to time and are recorded in net gains on other real estate and repossessed assets, which is part of non-interest expense - other in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair value of the property used at and subsequent to the time of acquisition is typically determined by a third party appraisal of the property. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments can be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for both collateral-dependent loans and other real estate are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by us. Once received, an independent third party, or a member of our Collateral Evaluation Department (for commercial properties), or a member of our Special Assets Group (for residential properties) reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. We compare the actual selling price of collateral that has been sold to the most recent appraised value of our properties to determine what additional adjustment, if any, should be made to the appraisal value to arrive at fair value. For commercial and residential properties we typically discount an appraisal to account for various factors that the appraisal excludes in its assumptions. These additional discounts generally do not result in material adjustments to the appraised value.

Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights: The fair value of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights is based on a valuation model used by an independent third party that calculates the present value of estimated net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income. Certain model assumptions are generally unobservable and are based upon the best information available including data relating to our own servicing portfolio, reviews of mortgage servicing assumption and valuation surveys and input from various mortgage servicers and, therefore, are recorded as Level 3. Management evaluates the third party valuation for reasonableness each quarter as part of our financial reporting control processes.

Derivatives: The fair value of rate-lock mortgage loan commitments is based on agency cash window loan pricing for comparable assets and the fair value of mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans is based on mortgage backed security pricing for comparable assets (recurring Level 2). The fair value of interest rate swap, interest rate cap and interest rate floor agreements are derived from proprietary models which utilize current market data. The significant fair value inputs can generally be observed in the market place and do not typically involve judgment by management (recurring Level 2).

43

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value, including financial assets for which we have elected the fair value option, were as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value Measure- ments		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Un- observable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024:
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets
Securities available for sale
U.S. agency	$	8,925	$	—	$	8,925	$	—
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	78,495		—		78,495		—
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	12,055		—		12,055		—
Private label mortgage-backed	84,770		—		84,770		—
Other asset backed	64,833		—		64,833		—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	293,216		—		293,216		—
Corporate	70,383		—		70,383		—
Trust preferred	943		—		943		—
Loans held for sale, carried at fair value	8,935		—		8,935		—
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	43,577		—		—		43,577
Derivatives (1)	41,290		—		41,290		—
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)	19,344		—		19,344		—
Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis:
Assets
Collateral dependent loans (3)
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	5,035		—		—		5,035
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	441		—		—		441
1-4 family - 2nd lien	85		—		—		85
Resort lending	125		—		—		125
Installment
Boat lending	75		—		—		75
Recreational vehicle lending	155		—		—		155
Other	36		—		—		36

________________________________

(1)Included in accrued income and other assets

(2)Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities

(3)Only includes individually evaluated loans with specific loss allocations based on collateral value.

44

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value Measure- ments		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Un- observable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2023:
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets
Securities available for sale
U.S. agency	$	9,507	$	—	$	9,507	$	—
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	81,217		—		81,217		—
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	12,297		—		12,297		—
Private label mortgage-backed	86,469		—		86,469		—
Other asset backed	112,931		—		112,931		—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	302,737		—		302,737		—
Corporate	73,250		—		73,250		—
Trust preferred	942		—		942		—
Loans held for sale, carried at fair value	12,063		—		12,063		—
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	42,243		—		—		42,243
Derivatives (1)	38,683		—		38,683		—
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)	21,835		—		21,835		—
Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis:
Assets
Loans held for sale, carried at the lower of cost or fair value	—		—		—		—
Collateral dependent loans (3)
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	551		—		—		551
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	732		—		—		732
1-4 family non-owner occupied	33		—		—		33
1-4 family - 2nd lien	157		—		—		157
Resort lending	92		—		—		92
Installment
Boat lending	192		—		—		192
Recreational vehicle lending	196		—		—		196
Other	66		—		—		66

_________________________________

(1)Included in accrued income and other assets

(2)Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities

(3)Only includes impaired loans with specific loss allocations based on collateral value.

45

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Changes in fair values for financial assets which we have elected the fair value option for the periods presented were as follows:

	Changes in Fair Values for the Three Month Periods Ended March 31 for items Measured at Fair Value Pursuant to Election of the Fair Value Option
	Net Gains on Assets		Mortgage Loan Servicing, net		Total Change in Fair Values Included in Current Period Earnings
	Mortgage Loans
	(In thousands)
2024
Loans held for sale	$	29	$	—	$	29
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	—		506		506
2023
Loans held for sale	1,597		—		1,597
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	—		(1,496)		(1,496)

For those items measured at fair value pursuant to our election of the fair value option, interest income is recorded within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the contractual amount of interest income earned on these financial assets and dividend income is recorded based on cash dividends received.

The following represent impairment charges recognized during the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 relating to assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

•Loans that are individually evaluated using the fair value of collateral for collateral dependent loans had a carrying amount of $6.0 million, which is net of a valuation allowance of $2.3 million at March 31, 2024, and had a carrying amount of $2.0 million, which is net of a valuation allowance of $1.3 million at December 31, 2023. The provision for credit losses included in our results of operations relating to collateral dependent loans was a net expense of $1.6 million and $0.3 million for the three month periods ending March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

46

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

A reconciliation for all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) follows:

	Capitalized Mortgage Loan Servicing Rights
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Beginning balance	$	42,243	$	42,489
Total gains (losses) realized and unrealized:
Included in results of operations	506		(1,496)
Included in other comprehensive loss	—		—
Purchases, issuances, settlements, maturities and calls	828		930
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3	—		—
Ending balance	$	43,577	$	41,923
Amount of total gains (losses) for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets and liabilities still held at March 31	$	506	$	(1,496)

The fair value of our capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights has been determined based on a valuation model used by an independent third party as discussed above. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are discount rate, cost to service, ancillary income, float rate and prepayment rate. Significant changes in all five of these assumptions in isolation would result in significant changes to the value of our capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights. Quantitative information about our Level 3 fair value measurements measured on a recurring basis follows:

	Asset Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range	Weighted Average
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	$	43,577	Present value of net servicing revenue	Discount rate	9.98% to 16.32%	10.30		%
				Cost to service	$69 to $317	$	78
				Ancillary income	20 to 30	20
				Float rate		4.27		%
				Prepayment rate	6.55% to 27.27%	8.46		%
December 31, 2023
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	$	42,243	Present value of net servicing revenue	Discount rate	10.00% to 14.27%	10.25		%
				Cost to service	$70 to $442	$	79
				Ancillary income	20 to 30	20
				Float rate		3.82		%
				Prepayment rate	6.56% to 26.47%	8.50%

47

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements measured on a non-recurring basis follows:

	Asset Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range	Weighted Average
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
Collateral dependent loans
Commercial(1)	$	5,035	Discounting financial statement and machinery and equipment appraised values	Discount rates used	28.0% to 50.0%	29.9	%
			Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	(18.0)% to 43.0%	(2.2)	%
Mortgage and Installment(2)	917		Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	(12.7) to 33.3	1.8
December 31, 2023
Collateral dependent loans
Commercial	$	551	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	(5.0)% to 6.0%	(0.4)	%
Mortgage and Installment(2)	1,468		Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	(4.1) to 10.5	3.1

(1)

$4.1 million of this amount primarily relates to one collateral dependent relationship credit. Collateral securing this relationship primarily included accounts receivable, inventory and machinery and equipment at March 31, 2024. Valuation techniques at March 31, 2024 included discounting financial statement values for accounts receivable and inventory and appraised values for machinery and equipment.

(2)

In addition to the valuation techniques and unobservable inputs discussed above, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 certain collateral dependent installment loans totaling approximately $0.27 million and $0.45 million, respectively, are secured by collateral other than real estate. For the majority of these loans, we apply internal discount rates to industry valuation guides.

The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding for loans held for sale for which the fair value option has been elected for the periods presented.

	Aggregate Fair Value		Difference		Contractual Principal
	(In thousands)
Loans held for sale
March 31, 2024	$	8,935	$	(32)	$	8,967
December 31, 2023	12,063		(61)		12,124

48

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

12.    Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Most of our assets and liabilities are considered financial instruments. Many of these financial instruments lack an available trading market and it is our general practice and intent to hold the majority of our financial instruments to maturity. Significant estimates and assumptions were used to determine the fair value of financial instruments. These estimates are subjective in nature, involving uncertainties and matters of judgment, and therefore, fair values may not be a precise estimate. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Estimated fair values have been determined using available data and methodologies that are considered suitable for each category of financial instrument. For instruments with adjustable interest rates which reprice frequently and without significant credit risk, it is presumed that estimated fair values approximate the recorded book balances.

49

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The estimated recorded book balances and fair values follow:

					Fair Value Using
	Recorded Book Balance		Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Un- observable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	41,646	$	41,646	$	41,646	$	—	$	—
Interest bearing deposits	120,198		120,198		120,198		—		—
Securities available for sale	613,620		613,620		—		613,620		—
Securities held to maturity	349,957		311,013		—		311,013		—
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal
Reserve Bank Stock	16,821		NA		NA		NA		NA
Net loans and loans held for sale	3,792,587		3,542,984		—		8,935		3,534,049
Accrued interest receivable	18,774		18,774		191		5,541		13,042
Derivative financial instruments	41,290		41,290		—		41,290		—
Liabilities
Deposits with no stated maturity (1)	$	3,751,701	$	3,751,701	$	3,751,701	$	—	$	—
Deposits with stated maturity (1)	830,713		826,829		—		826,829		—
Other borrowings	49,977		49,889		—		49,889		—
Subordinated debt	39,529		38,994		—		38,994		—
Subordinated debentures	39,745		39,643		—		39,643		—
Accrued interest payable	6,501		6,501		479		6,022		—
Derivative financial instruments	19,344		19,344		—		19,344		—
December 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	68,208	$	68,208	$	68,208	$	—	$	—
Interest bearing deposits	101,573		101,573		101,573		—		—
Securities available for sale	679,350		679,350		—		679,350		—
Securities held to maturity	353,988		318,606		—		318,606		—
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal
Reserve Bank Stock	16,821		NA		NA		NA		NA
Net loans and loans held for sale	3,748,306		3,453,790		—		12,063		3,441,727
Accrued interest receivable	19,044		19,044		58		6,486		12,500
Derivative financial instruments	38,683		38,683		—		38,683		—
Liabilities
Deposits with no stated maturity (1)	$	3,704,808	$	3,704,808	$	3,704,808	$	—	$	—
Deposits with stated maturity (1)	918,071		914,404		—		914,404		—
Other borrowings	50,026		49,831		—		49,831		—
Subordinated debt	39,510		40,352		—		40,352		—
Subordinated debentures	39,728		38,103		—		38,103		—
Accrued interest payable	6,534		6,534		482		6,052		—
Derivative financial instruments	21,835		21,835		—		21,835		—

(1) Deposits with no stated maturity include reciprocal deposits with a recorded book balance of $781.645 million and $723.014 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Deposits with a stated maturity include reciprocal deposits with a recorded book balance of $111.998 million and $109.006 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

50

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The fair values for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are estimated to approximate their aggregate book balance, which is nominal and therefore are not disclosed.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale the entire holdings of a particular financial instrument.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business, the value of future earnings attributable to off-balance sheet activities and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments.

Fair value estimates for deposit accounts do not include the value of the core deposit intangible asset resulting from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.

51

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

13.    Contingencies

Pressures from various global and national macroeconomic conditions, including heightened inflation, uncertainty regarding future interest rates, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, recent adverse weather conditions, escalating tensions in the Middle East, the continuation of the Russia-Ukraine war, and potential governmental responses to these events, continue to create significant economic uncertainty.

The extent to which these pressures may impact our business, results of operations, asset valuations, financial condition, and customers will depend on future developments, which continue to be highly uncertain and difficult to predict. Material adverse impacts may include all or a combination of valuation impairments on our intangible assets, securities available for sale, securities held to maturity, loans, capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights or deferred tax assets.

We continue to closely monitor and analyze the higher risk segments within our portfolio, and senior management is cautiously optimistic that we are positioned to continue managing the impact of the varied set of risks and uncertainties currently impacting the global and U.S. economies. However, a high degree of uncertainty still exists with respect to the impact of these fluid macroeconomic conditions on the future performance of our loan portfolio and our financial results.

Litigation

We are involved in various litigation matters in the ordinary course of business. At the present time, we do not believe any of these matters will have a significant impact on our interim condensed consolidated financial position or results of operations. The aggregate amount we have accrued for losses we consider probable as a result of these litigation matters is immaterial. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of outcomes from any litigation matter, we believe it is reasonably possible we may incur losses in addition to the amounts we have accrued. At this time, we estimate the maximum amount of additional losses that are reasonably possible is insignificant. However, because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages, this maximum amount may change in the future.

The litigation matters described in the preceding paragraph primarily include claims that have been brought against us for damages, but do not include litigation matters where we seek to collect amounts owed to us by third parties (such as litigation initiated to collect delinquent loans). These excluded, collection-related matters may involve claims or counterclaims by the opposing party or parties, but we have excluded such matters from the disclosure contained in the preceding paragraph in all cases where we believe the possibility of us paying damages to any opposing party is remote.

Visa Stock

We own 12,566 shares of Visa Inc. Class B-1 common stock. At the present time, these shares can only be sold to other Class B shareholders. As a result, there has generally been limited transfer activity in private transactions between buyers and sellers. However, on April 8, 2024, Visa commenced an offer to exchange up to all of its outstanding shares of Class B-1 common stock for Class B-2 common shares and Class C common shares. If the exchange offer is completed, it is expected to result in some degree of liquidity for holders of Class B-1 common shares; however, the exchange offer will not result in complete or immediate liquidity for all of our Class B-1 shares. The Class C shares (which automatically convert to A shares upon a transfer to anyone other than a Visa member or an affiliate of a Visa member) will have temporary transfer restrictions that would be expected to expire 90 days after the exchange offer is completed while the Class B-2 shares are expected to continue to have the same transfer restrictions as the current B-1 shares. Although we have tendered all of our Class B-1 shares in the exchange offer, there is no guarantee our shares will be accepted for exchange or that Visa will not decide to terminate the exchange offer. The exchange offer is currently scheduled to expire May 3, 2024, and subject to Visa’s right to terminate or extend the offer, is expected to close shortly after expiration.

Because of the very limited liquidity for our Class B-1 common shares (prior to completion of the exchange offer) and uncertainty regarding the likelihood, ultimate timing and eventual exchange rate for Class B-1 shares into Class A shares, we continued to carry these shares at zero, representing cost basis less impairment. However, given the current conversion ratio of 1.5875 Class A shares for every 1 Class B-1 share and the closing price of Visa Class A shares on April 25, 2024 of $275.16 per share, our 12,566 Class B-1 shares could have a current “value” of approximately $5.5 million. Given the expected liquidity of the Class C shares, if the exchange offer is completed, up to 50% of this value could be recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements during 2024. As the Class B-2 shares would continue to have the same restrictions as the Class B-1 shares, the uncertainty regarding the likelihood, ultimate timing and eventual exchange rate for Class B-2 shares into Class A shares, we would expect to continue to carry these shares at zero, representing cost basis less impairment.

52

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

14.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCIL”)

A summary of changes in AOCIL follows:

	Unrealized Losses on Securities AFS		Unrealized Losses on Securities Transferred to Securities HTM (1)		Dispropor- tionate Tax Effects from Securities AFS		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments		Total
	(In thousands)
For the three months ended March 31,
2024
Balances at beginning of period	$	(51,113)	$	(15,408)	$	(5,798)	$	177	$	(72,142)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	1,203		648		—		(1,761)		90
Amounts reclassified from AOCIL	213		—		—		210		423
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	1,416		648		—		(1,551)		513
Balances at end of period	$	(49,697)	$	(14,760)	$	(5,798)	$	(1,374)	$	(71,629)
2023
Balances at beginning of period	$	(68,742)	$	(18,223)	$	(5,798)	$	—	$	(92,763)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	11,370		672		—		(331)		11,711
Amounts reclassified from AOCIL	175		—		—		66		241
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	11,545		672		—		(265)		11,952
Balances at end of period	$	(57,197)	$	(17,551)	$	(5,798)	$	(265)	$	(80,811)

(1)Represents the remaining unrealized loss to be accreted on securities that were transferred from AFS to HTM on April 1, 2022.

The disproportionate tax effects from securities AFS arose due to tax effects of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in the presence of a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets and a pretax loss from operations. Generally, the amount of income tax expense or benefit allocated to operations is determined without regard to the tax effects of other categories of income or loss, such as OCI. However, an exception to the general rule is provided when, in the presence of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, there is a pretax loss from operations and pretax income from other categories in the current period. In such instances, income from other categories must offset the current loss from operations, the tax benefit of such offset being reflected in operations. Release of material disproportionate tax effects from other comprehensive income to earnings is done by the portfolio method whereby the effects will remain in AOCIL as long as we carry a more than inconsequential portfolio of securities AFS.

53

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

A summary of reclassifications out of each component of AOCIL for the three months ended March 31 follows:

AOCIL Component	Amount Reclassified From AOCIL		Affected Line Item in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
	(In thousands)
2024
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale
	$	(269)	Net gains (losses) on securities available for sale
	(56)		Income tax expense
	$	(213)	Reclassifications, net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
	$	266	Interest income
	56		Income tax expense
	$	210	Reclassifications, net of tax
	$	(423)	Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax
2023
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale
	$	(222)	Net gains (losses) on securities available for sale
	(47)		Income tax expense
	$	(175)	Reclassifications, net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
	$	84	Interest income
	18		Income tax expense
	$	66	Reclassifications, net of tax
	$	(241)	Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax

15.    Revenue from Contracts with Customers

We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We derive the majority of our revenue from financial instruments and their related contractual rights and obligations which for the most part are excluded from the scope of this topic. These sources of revenue that are excluded from the scope of this topic include interest income, net gains on mortgage loans, net gains (losses) on securities AFS, mortgage loan servicing, net and bank owned life insurance and were approximately 89.0% and 86.5% of total revenues for the three month periods ending March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Material sources of revenue that are included in the scope of this topic include service charges on deposit accounts, other deposit related income, interchange income and investment and insurance commissions and are discussed in the following paragraphs. Generally these sources of revenue are earned at the time the service is delivered or over the course of a

54

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

monthly period and do not result in any contract asset or liability balance at any given period end. As a result, there were no contract assets or liabilities recorded as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Service charges on deposit accounts and other deposit related income: Revenues are earned on depository accounts for commercial and retail customers and include fees for transaction-based, account maintenance and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which includes services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges and ACH fees are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the time we fulfill our customer’s request. Account maintenance fees, which includes monthly maintenance services are earned over the course of a month representing the period over which the performance obligation is satisfied. Our obligation for overdraft services is satisfied at the time of the overdraft.

Interchange income: Interchange income primarily includes debit card interchange and network revenues. Debit card interchange and network revenues are earned on debit card transactions conducted through payment networks such as MasterCard and Accel. Interchange income is recognized concurrently with the delivery of services on a daily basis. Interchange and network revenues are presented gross of interchange expenses, which are presented separately as a component of non-interest expense.

Investment and insurance commissions: Investment and insurance commissions include fees and commissions from asset management, custody, recordkeeping, investment advisory and other services provided to our customers. Revenue is recognized on an accrual basis at the time the services are performed and generally based on either the market value of the assets managed or the services provided. We have an agent relationship with a third party provider of these services and net certain direct costs charged by the third party provider associated with providing these services to our customers.

Net (gains) losses on other real estate and repossessed assets: We record a gain or loss from the sale of other real estate when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. If we were to finance the sale of other real estate to the buyer, we would assess whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction is probable. Once these criteria are met, the other real estate asset would be derecognized and the gain or loss on sale would be recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. There were no other real estate properties sold during the three month periods ending March 31, 2024 and 2023 that were financed by us.

55

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Disaggregation of our revenue sources by attribute follows:

	Service Charges on Deposit Accounts		Other Deposit Related Income		Interchange Income		Investment and Insurance Commissions		Total
Three months ending March 31, 2024	(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees	$	2,189	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,189
Account service charges	573		—		—		—		573
ATM fees	—		383		—		—		383
Other	—		250		—		—		250
Business
Overdraft fees	110		—		—		—		110
ATM fees	—		11		—		—		11
Other	—		104		—		—		104
Interchange income	—		—		3,151		—		3,151
Asset management revenue	—		—		—		493		493
Transaction based revenue	—		—		—		311		311
Total	$	2,872	$	748	$	3,151	$	804	$	7,575
Reconciliation to Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
Non-interest income - other:
Other deposit related income									$	748
Investment and insurance commissions									804
Bank owned life insurance (1)									181
Other (1)									985
Total									$	2,718

(1)Excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 606.

56

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

	Service Charges on Deposit Accounts		Other Deposit Related Income		Interchange Income		Investment and Insurance Commissions		Total
Three months ending March 31, 2023	(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees	$	2,261	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,261
Account service charges	467		—		—		—		467
ATM fees	—		329		—		—		329
Other	—		247		—		—		247
Business
Overdraft fees	129		—		—		—		129
ATM fees	—		9		—		—		9
Other	—		91		—		—		91
Interchange income	—		—		3,205		—		3,205
Asset management revenue	—		—		—		442		442
Transaction based revenue	—		—		—		385		385
Total	$	2,857	$	676	$	3,205	$	827	$	7,565
Reconciliation to Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
Non-interest income - other:
Other deposit related income									$	676
Investment and insurance commissions									827
Bank owned life insurance (1)									111
Other (1)									1,115
Total									$	2,729

(1)Excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 606.

16.    Leases

We have entered into leases in the normal course of business primarily for office facilities, some of which include renewal options and escalation clauses. Certain leases also include both lease components (fixed payments including rent, taxes and insurance costs) and non-lease components (common area or other maintenance costs) which are accounted for as a single lease component as we have elected the practical expedient to group lease and non-lease components together for all leases. We have also elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of 12 months or less (short-term leases) on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Most of our leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is typically at our sole discretion and are included in our right of use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities if they are reasonably certain of exercise.

Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date (we did not have any finance leases as of March 31, 2024). Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of the lease payment over the lease term.

57

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments.

The cost components of our operating leases follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	346	$	362
Variable lease cost	11		24
Short-term lease cost	24		22
Total	$	381	$	408

Variable lease costs consist primarily of taxes, insurance, and common area or other maintenance costs for our leased facilities.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to our operating leases follows:

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
	(Dollars in thousands)
Lease right of use asset (1)	$	6,744		$	4,911
Lease liabilities (2)	$	6,953		$	5,114
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	7.63			6.03
Weighted average discount rate	3.6		%	2.7		%

(1)Included in Accrued income and other assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

(2)Included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Maturity analysis of our lease liabilities at March 31, 2024 based on required contractual payments follows:

	(In thousands)
Nine months ending December 31, 2024	$	1,001
2025	1,288
2026	1,122
2027	939
2028	916
2029 and thereafter	2,861
Total lease payments	8,127
Less imputed interest	(1,174)
Total	$	6,953

58

ITEM 2.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Introduction. The following section presents additional information to assess the financial condition and results of operations of Independent Bank Corporation (“IBCP”), its wholly-owned bank, Independent Bank (the “Bank”), and their subsidiaries. This section should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We also encourage you to read our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). That report includes a list of risk factors that you should consider in connection with any decision to buy or sell our securities.

Overview. We provide banking services to customers located primarily in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. We also have a loan production office in Fairlawn, Ohio. As a result, our success depends to a great extent upon the economic conditions in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula.

Recent Developments. Pressures from various global and national macroeconomic conditions, including heightened inflation, uncertainty regarding future interest rates, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, recent adverse weather conditions, escalating tensions in the Middle East, the continuation of the Russia-Ukraine war, and potential governmental responses to these events, continue to create significant economic uncertainty. The extent to which these pressures may impact our business, results of operations, asset valuations, financial condition, and customers will depend on future developments, which continue to be highly uncertain and difficult to predict. Material adverse impacts may include all or a combination of valuation impairments on our intangible assets, securities available for sale ("AFS"), securities held to maturity ("HTM"), loans, capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights or deferred tax assets.

It is against this backdrop that we discuss our results of operations and financial condition for the first quarter of 2024 as compared to earlier periods.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Summary. We recorded net income of $16.0 million and $13.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in 2024 first quarter results as compared to 2023 is due to increases in net interest income and non-interest income that were partially offset by increases in non-interest expense and income tax expense.

Key performance ratios

	Three months ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Net income (annualized) to
Average assets	1.24		%	1.06		%
Average shareholders’ equity	15.95		%	14.77		%
Net income per common share
Basic	$	0.77		$	0.62
Diluted	0.76			0.61

Net interest income. Net interest income is the most important source of our earnings and thus is critical in evaluating our results of operations. Changes in our net interest income are primarily influenced by our level of interest-earning assets and the income or yield that we earn on those assets and the manner and cost of funding our interest-earning assets. Certain macro-economic factors can also influence our net interest income such as the level and direction of interest rates, the difference between short-term and long-term interest rates (the steepness of the yield curve) and the general strength of the economies in which we are doing business. Finally, risk management plays an important role in our level of net interest income. The ineffective management of credit risk and interest-rate risk in particular can adversely impact our net interest income.

59

Our net interest income totaled $40.2 million during the first quarter of 2024, an increase of $1.8 million, or 4.6% from the year-ago period. This increase primarily reflects a $213.9 million increase in average interest-earning assets that was partially offset by a two basis point decrease in our tax equivalent net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets (the “net interest margin”).

The increase in average interest-earning assets in 2024 as compared to 2023 primarily reflects growth in commercial and mortgage loans funded from an increase in deposits.

The two basis point decrease in our net interest margin during the first quarter of 2024 is attributed to a 70 basis point increase in interest expense as a percent of average interest-earning assets which was partially offset by a 68 basis point increase in interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets. These increases are primarily attributed to the 100 basis point increase in the federal funds rate since January of 2023. Our net interest margin has been negatively impacted by changes in funding mix (such as shifting from non-interest bearing deposits to interest-bearing deposits and an increase in time deposits) as well as higher deposit pricing sensitivity to the increases in interest rates discussed above. This change in funding mix and pricing is expected to continue to have an impact on our net interest margin during 2024. See Asset/liability management.

Our net interest income is also impacted by our level of non-accrual loans. In the first quarter of 2024, non-accrual loans averaged $3.9 million. In the first quarter of 2023, non-accrual loans averaged $4.0 million. In addition, in the first quarter of 2024 we had net recoveries of $0.3 million of unpaid interest on loans placed on or taken off non-accrual or on loans previously charged-off compared to net recoveries of $0.1 million during the same period in 2023.

60

Average Balances and Tax Equivalent Rates

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024						2023
	Average Balance		Interest		Rate (2)		Average Balance		Interest		Rate (2)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Taxable loans	$	3,801,985	$	54,955	5.80	%	$	3,487,539	$	44,234	5.12	%
Tax-exempt loans (1)	8,541		111		5.23		6,630		76		4.65
Taxable securities	680,133		5,251		3.09		822,572		5,884		2.86
Tax-exempt securities (1)	319,007		3,548		4.45		323,503		3,355		4.15
Interest bearing cash	84,182		1,143		5.46		38,889		464		4.84
Other investments	16,821		298		7.13		17,653		211		4.85
Interest Earning Assets	4,910,669		65,306		5.34		4,696,786		54,224		4.67
Cash and due from banks	55,550						60,442
Other assets, net	235,233						231,212
Total Assets	$	5,201,452					$	4,988,440
Liabilities
Savings and interest-bearing checking	$	2,633,519	13,367		2.04		$	2,535,045	8,857		1.42
Time deposits	864,672		9,443		4.39		657,686		4,903		3.02
Other borrowings	129,255		2,119		6.59		112,137		1,735		6.27
Interest Bearing Liabilities	3,627,446		24,929		2.76		3,304,868		15,495		1.90
Non-interest bearing deposits	1,063,454						1,224,375
Other liabilities	107,327						102,477
Shareholders’ equity	403,225						356,720
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	5,201,452					$	4,988,440
Net Interest Income			$	40,377					$	38,729
Net Interest Income as a Percent of Average Interest Earning Assets					3.30	%					3.32	%

_________________________________

(1)Interest on tax-exempt loans and securities available for sale is presented on a fully tax equivalent basis assuming a marginal tax rate of 21%.

(2)Annualized

61

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
	(Dollars in thousands)
Net Interest Margin, Fully Taxable Equivalent ("FTE")
Net interest income	$	40,197		$	38,441
Add:  taxable equivalent adjustment	180			288
Net interest income - taxable equivalent	$	40,377		$	38,729
Net interest margin (GAAP) (1)	3.28		%	3.29		%
Net interest margin (FTE) (1)	3.30		%	3.32		%

(1)Annualized.

Provision for credit losses. The provision for credit losses was an expense of $0.7 million and an expense of $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The expense provision on loans of $1.87 million reflects our assessment of the allowance for credit losses (the “ACL”) on loans taking into consideration factors such as loan growth, loan mix, levels of non-performing and classified loans, economic conditions and loan net charge-offs. While we use relevant information to recognize losses on loans, additional provisions for related losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, customer circumstances and other credit risk factors. See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality” for a discussion of the various components of the ACL on loans and their impact on the provision for credit losses on loans in 2024. The increase in the provision for credit losses on loans from the prior year quarter to date period is primarily due to an increase in specific reserves on one commercial credit and changes in retail loan prepayment speeds. The credit provision on securities HTM of $1.13 million reflects the recovery of a previously charged off corporate security during the first quarter. (See "Securities.")

Non-interest income. Non-interest income is a significant element in assessing our results of operations. Non-interest income totaled $12.6 million during the first quarter of 2024 compared to $10.6 million in the first quarter of 2023.

The components of non-interest income are as follows:

Non-Interest Income

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Interchange income	$	3,151	$	3,205
Service charges on deposit accounts	2,872		2,857
Net gains on assets
Mortgage loans	1,364		1,256
Securities	(269)		(222)
Mortgage loan servicing, net	2,725		726
Investment and insurance commissions	804		827
Bank owned life insurance	181		111
Other	1,733		1,791
Total non-interest income	$	12,561	$	10,551

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Mortgage loan activity is summarized as follows:

Mortgage Loan Activity

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
	(Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage loans originated	$	93,994		$	113,021
Mortgage loans sold (1)	80,818			106,846
Net gains on mortgage loans	1,364			1,256
Net gains as a percent of mortgage loans sold  ("Loan Sales Margin")	1.69		%	1.18		%
Fair value adjustments included in the Loan Sales Margin	0.44			1.20

(1) Mortgage loan sales in 2024 and 2023 include $6.76 million and $41.24 million, respectively of portfolio loan transactions done for interest rate risk purposes.

Mortgage loans originated decreased in 2024 as compared to 2023 due primarily to higher mortgage loan interest rates in 2024 reduceing this activity. Mortgage loans sold decreased in 2024 as compared to 2023 due to lower portfolio loan sales.

The volume of loans sold is dependent upon our ability to originate mortgage loans as well as the demand for fixed-rate obligations and other loans that we choose to not put into portfolio because of our established interest-rate risk parameters. (See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality.”) Net gains on mortgage loans are also dependent upon economic and competitive factors as well as our ability to effectively manage exposure to changes in interest rates and thus can often be a volatile part of our overall revenues.

Net gains on mortgage loans totaled $1.4 million and $1.3 million during the first quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase from the prior year quarter was primarily due to a increase in the loan sale margin that was partially offset by lower volume of mortgage loans sold.

We recorded a net loss of $0.3 million and a net loss $0.2 million on securities AFS for the first three months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. We recorded no credit related charges in either 2024 or 2023 on securities AFS. See “Securities” below and note #3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Mortgage loan servicing, net, generated income of $2.7 million and $0.7 million in the first quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The significant variance in mortgage loan servicing, net is primarily due to changes in the fair value of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights associated with changes in interest rates and the associated expected future prepayment levels and expected float rates.

Mortgage loan servicing, net activity is summarized in the following table:

Mortgage Servicing Revenue

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Mortgage loan servicing, net:	(In thousands)
Revenue, net	$	2,219	$	2,222
Fair value change due to price	$	1,265	$	(635)
Fair value change due to pay-downs	$	(759)	$	(861)
Total	$	2,725	$	726

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Activity related to capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights is as follows:

Capitalized Mortgage Loan Servicing Rights

	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	42,243	$	42,489
Originated servicing rights capitalized	828		930
Change in fair value	506		(1,496)
Balance at end of period	$	43,577	$	41,923

At March 31, 2024 we were servicing approximately $3.55 billion in mortgage loans for others on which servicing rights have been capitalized. This servicing portfolio had a weighted average coupon rate of 3.94% and a weighted average service fee of approximately 25.6 basis points. Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights at March 31, 2024 totaled $43.6 million, representing approximately 122.8 basis points on the related amount of mortgage loans serviced for others.

Non-interest expense. Non-interest expense is an important component of our results of operations. We strive to efficiently manage our cost structure.

Non-interest expense increased by $1.2 million to $32.2 million during the three-period ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.

The components of non-interest expense are as follows:

Non-Interest Expense

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Compensation	$	13,277	$	13,269
Performance-based compensation	3,476		2,245
Payroll taxes and employee benefits	4,017		3,825
Compensation and employee benefits	20,770		19,339
Data processing	3,255		2,991
Occupancy, net	2,074		2,159
Interchange expense	1,097		1,049
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	954		926
FDIC deposit insurance	782		783
Communications	615		668
Loan and collection	512		578
Advertising	491		495
Legal and professional	486		607
Amortization of intangible assets	129		137
Supplies	118		106
Correspondent bank service fees	46		63
Provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans	3		10
Net gains on other real estate and repossessed assets	(76)		(46)
Costs related to unfunded lending commitments	(652)		(475)
Other	1,589		1,567
Total non-interest expense	$	32,193	$	30,957

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Compensation and employee benefits expenses, in total, increased $1.4 million on a quarterly comparative basis compared to the same period in 2023.

Compensation expense was relatively unchanged in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. Salary increases that were predominantly effective on January 1, 2024, were offset by a decrease in mortgage lending and other retail personnel.

Performance-based compensation increased by $1.2 million in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. The increase is primarily due to higher expected incentive compensation payout for salaried and hourly employees.

Data processing expense increased by $0.3 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same prior year period due in part to core data processor annual asset growth and CPI related cost increases as well as well as new solutions implemented during this time frame.

Legal and professional decreased by $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same prior year period due primarily to lower litigation related costs.

Costs (recoveries) related to unfunded lending commitments decreased by $0.2 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same prior year period due primarily to a decrease in lending commitment balances.

Income tax expense. We recorded an income tax expense of $3.8 million in the first quarter of 2024. This compares to an income tax expense of $2.9 million in the first quarter of 2023. The changes in expense for the first three months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 is primarily due to changes in pretax income.

Our actual income tax expense is different than the amount computed by applying our statutory income tax rate to our income before income tax primarily due to tax-exempt interest income, tax-exempt income from the increase in the cash surrender value on life insurance, and differences in the value of stock awards that vest and stock options that are exercised as compared to the initial fair values that were expensed.

We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. The ultimate realization of this asset is primarily based on generating future income. We concluded at March 31, 2024 and 2023 and at December 31, 2023, that the realization of substantially all of our deferred tax assets continues to be more likely than not.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Summary. Our total assets decreased by $32.5 million during the first three months of 2024. Loans, excluding loans held for sale, were $3.84 billion at March 31, 2024, compared to $3.79 billion at December 31, 2023. Commercial loans and mortgage loans each increased while installment loans decreased during the first three months of 2024. (See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality.”)

Deposits totaled $4.58 billion at March 31, 2024, a decrease of $40.5 million from December 31, 2023. The decrease in deposits from December 31, 2023, is due to scheduled maturities of brokered time deposits.

Securities. We maintain diversified securities portfolios, which include obligations of U.S. government-sponsored agencies, securities issued by states and political subdivisions, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, corporate securities, trust preferred securities and foreign government securities (that are denominated in U.S. dollars). We regularly evaluate asset/liability management needs and attempt to maintain a portfolio structure that provides sufficient liquidity and cash flow.

We believe that the unrealized losses on securities AFS are temporary in nature and are expected to be recovered within a reasonable time period. Based upon our liquidity and capital resources (as explained in more detail below under "Liquidity and capital resources"), we believe that we have the ability to hold securities with unrealized losses to maturity or until such time as the unrealized losses reverse.(See “Asset/liability management.”)

On April 1, 2022, we transferred certain securities AFS with an amortized cost and unrealized loss at the date of transfer of $418.1 million and $26.5 million, respectively to securities HTM. The transfer was made at fair value, with the unrealized loss becoming part of the purchase discount which will be accreted over the remaining life of the securities. The other comprehensive loss component is separated from the remaining available for sale securities and is accreted over the remaining life of the securities transferred. Based upon our liquidity and capital resources (as explained in more detail

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below under "Liquidity and capital resources"), we believe that we have the ability and intent to hold these securities until they mature, at which time we would receive full value for these securities.

Securities Available for Sale

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value
			Gains		Losses
Securities available for sale	(In thousands)
March 31, 2024	$	676,527	$	515	$	63,422	$	613,620
December 31, 2023	744,050		464		65,164		679,350

Securities Held to Maturity

	Carrying Value		Transferred Unrealized Loss (1)		ACL		Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value
									Gains		Losses
	(In thousands)
Securities held to maturity
March 31, 2024	$	349,957	$	18,683	$	155	$	368,795	$	3	$	57,785	$	311,013
December 31, 2023	353,988		19,503		157		373,648		868		55,910		318,606

(1)Represents the remaining unrealized loss to be accreted on securities that were transferred from AFS to HTM on April 1, 2022.

Securities AFS in unrealized loss positions are evaluated quarterly for impairment related to credit losses. For securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For securities AFS that do not meet this criteria, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, we consider the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, adverse conditions specifically related to the security and the issuer and the impact of changes in market interest rates on the market value of the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, we compare the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis for the security, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded, limited to the amount that the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. No ACL for securities AFS was needed at March 31, 2024. The decrease in unrealized losses during the first three months of 2024 is primarily attributed to pay downs of security balances and par reversion. See note #3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further discussion.

For securities HTM an ACL is maintained at a level which represents our best estimate of expected credit losses. This ACL is a contra asset valuation account that is deducted from the carrying amount of securities HTM to present the net amount expected to be collected. Securities HTM are charged off against the ACL when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the ACL are reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in provision for credit loss. We measure expected credit losses on securities HTM on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics. With regard to U.S. Government-sponsored agency and mortgage-backed securities (residential and commercial), all these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee; therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to obligations of states and political subdivisions, private label-mortgage-backed, corporate and trust preferred securities HTM, we consider (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) long-term historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. During the first quarter of 2023, one corporate security (Signature Bank) defaulted resulting in a $3.0 million provision for credit losses and a corresponding full charge-off. Subsequent to this security's charge-off, a portion of its fair value had recovered and was subsequently sold during the first quarter of 2024 for $1.1 million during which period we recorded that amount as a recovery to the ACL. See note #3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further discussion.

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Sales of securities were as follows (See “Non-interest income.”):

Sales of Securities

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Proceeds	$	37,273	$	278
Gross gains	14		—
Gross losses	283		222
Net gains (losses)	$	(269)	$	(222)

Portfolio Loans and asset quality. In addition to the communities served by our Bank branch and loan production office network, our principal lending markets also include nearby communities and metropolitan areas. Subject to established underwriting criteria, we also may participate in commercial lending transactions with certain non-affiliated banks and make whole loan purchases from other financial institutions.

The senior management and board of directors of our Bank retain authority and responsibility for credit decisions and we have adopted uniform underwriting standards. Our loan committee structure and the loan review process attempt to provide requisite controls and promote compliance with such established underwriting standards. However, there can be no assurance that our lending procedures and the use of uniform underwriting standards will prevent us from incurring significant credit losses in our lending activities.

We generally retain loans that may be profitably funded within established risk parameters. (See “Asset/liability management.”) As a result, we may hold adjustable-rate and fixed rate jumbo mortgage loans as Portfolio Loans, while 15- and 30-year fixed-rate non-jumbo mortgage loans are generally sold to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates. (See “Non-interest income.”) The retention of newly originated fixed rate jumbo mortgage loans has declined relative to the prior year as the growth in mortgage loans during the first three months of 2023 has primarily been attributed to the origination of adjustable-rate mortgage loans and advances on adjustable rate construction mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit. (See “Asset/liability management.”).

A summary of our Portfolio Loans follows:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Real estate(1)
Residential first mortgages	$	1,258,761	$	1,248,911
Residential home equity and other junior mortgages	158,830		157,006
Construction and land development	266,750		241,715
Other(2)	1,046,150		1,036,590
Consumer	608,700		619,374
Commercial	496,722		483,129
Agricultural	4,052		4,176
Total loans	$	3,839,965	$	3,790,901

_________________________________

(1)Includes both residential and non-residential commercial loans secured by real estate.

(2)Includes loans secured by multi-family residential and non-farm, non-residential property.

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Non-performing assets

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
	(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans	$	5,355		$	6,991
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest	—			432
Subtotal	5,355			7,423
Less:  Government guaranteed loans	1,665			2,191
Total non-performing loans	3,690			5,232
Other real estate and repossessed assets	1,059			569
Total non-performing assets	$	4,749		$	5,801
As a percent of Portfolio Loans
Non-performing loans	0.10		%	0.14		%
Allowance for credit losses	1.47			1.44
Non-performing assets to total assets	0.09			0.11
Allowance for credit losses as a percent of non-performing loans	1526.10		%	1044.69		%

Non-performing loans have remained relatively stable as a percent of Portfolio Loans since year-end 2023, reflecting generally improving economic conditions and our ongoing collection efforts. Our collection and resolution efforts have generally resulted in a positive trend in non-performing loans.

Other real estate and repossessed assets totaled $1.06 million and $0.57 million at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

We will place a loan that is 90 days or more past due on non-accrual, unless we believe the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Accordingly, we have determined that the collection of the accrued and unpaid interest on any loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest is probable.

The following tables reflect activity in our ACL on loans, securities and unfunded lending commitments as well as the allocation of our ACL on loans.

Allowance for credit losses on loans and unfunded lending commitments

	Three months ended March 31,
	2024							2023
	Loans			Securities		Unfunded Commitments		Loans			Securities		Unfunded Commitments
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	54,658		$	157	$	5,504	$	52,435		$	168	$	5,080
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses	1,871			(1,127)		—		(832)			2,992		—
Recoveries credited to allowance	596			1,125		—		578			—		—
Assets charged against the allowance	(812)			—		—		(1,631)			(3,000)		—
Additions included in non-interest expense	—			—		(652)		—			—		(475)
Balance at end of period	$	56,313		$	155	$	4,852	$	50,550		$	160	$	4,605
Net loans charged (recovered) against the allowance to average Portfolio Loans	0.02		%					0.12		%

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Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(Dollars in thousands)
Specific allocations	$	2,300	$	1,292
Pooled analysis allocations	41,421		40,944
Additional allocations based on subjective factors	12,592		12,422
Total	$	56,313	$	54,658

Some loans will not be repaid in full. Therefore, an ACL on loans is maintained at a level which represents our best estimate of expected credit losses. Our ACL on loans is comprised of three principal elements: (i) specific analysis of individual loans identified during the review of the loan portfolio, (ii) pooled analysis of loans with similar risk characteristics based on historical experience, adjusted for current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, and expected prepayments, and (iii) additional allowances based on subjective factors, including local and general economic business factors and trends, portfolio concentrations and changes in the size and/or the general terms of the loan portfolios. See note #4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further discussion on the ACL on loans.

While we use relevant information to recognize losses on loans, additional provisions for related losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, customer circumstances and other credit risk factors.

The ACL increased $1.7 million to $56.3 million at March 31, 2024 from $54.7 million at December 31, 2023, and was equal to 1.47% and 1.44% of total Portfolio Loans at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Since December 31, 2023, the ACL related to specific loans increased $1.0 million due primarily to one commercial loan addition in the first quarter of 2024. The ACL related to pooled analysis of loans and subjective factors increased $0.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively due primarily to loan growth.

Deposits and borrowings. Historically, the loyalty of our customer base has allowed us to price deposits competitively, contributing to a net interest margin that generally compares favorably to our peers. However, we still face a significant amount of competition for deposits within many of the markets served by our branch network, which limits our ability to materially increase deposits without adversely impacting the weighted-average cost of core deposits.

To attract new core deposits, we have implemented various account acquisition strategies as well as branch staff sales training. Account acquisition initiatives have historically generated increases in customer relationships. Over the past several years, we have also expanded our treasury management products and services for commercial businesses and municipalities or other governmental units and have also increased our sales calling efforts in order to attract additional deposit relationships from these sectors. We view long-term core deposit growth as an important objective. Core deposits generally provide a more stable and lower cost source of funds than alternative sources such as short-term borrowings. (See “Liquidity and capital resources.”)

Deposits totaled $4.58 billion and $4.62 billion at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. The decrease in deposits is primarily due to decreases in non-interest bearing and brokered time deposits that were partially offset by growth in savings and interest-bearing checking deposits, reciprocal deposits and time deposits. Reciprocal deposits totaled $893.6 million and $832.0 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. These deposits represent demand, money market and time deposits from our customers that have been placed through IntraFi Network. This service allows our customers to access multi-million dollar FDIC deposit insurance on deposit balances greater than the standard FDIC insurance maximum.

We cannot be sure that we will be able to maintain our current level of core deposits. In particular, those deposits that are uninsured may be susceptible to outflow. Data relating to our deposit portfolios (excluding brokered time) follows:

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	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
	(Dollars in thousands)
Uninsured deposits (1)	$	977,374		$	961,974
Uninsured deposits as a percentage of deposits	22.0		%	22.2		%
Average deposit account size	$	20.91		$	20.38
Balance of top 100 largest depositors	$	973,791		$	890,289
Balance of top 100 depositors as a percentage of deposits, excluding brokered time deposits	22.0		%	20.5		%

(1) These amounts exclude intercompany related deposits of $51.3 million and $51.2 million respectively. Uninsured deposits reported in our Call Report at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 totaled $1,028.7 million and $1,013.2 million, respectively.

We have also implemented strategies that incorporate using federal funds purchased, other borrowings and Brokered CDs to fund a portion of our interest-earning assets. The use of such alternate sources of funds supplements our core deposits and is also an integral part of our asset/liability management efforts.

Other borrowings, comprised primarily of FRB and FHLB borrowings, totaled $50.0 million and $50.0 million at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

As described above, we have utilized wholesale funding, including federal funds purchased, FHLB and FRB borrowings and Brokered CDs to augment our core deposits and fund a portion of our assets. At March 31, 2024, our use of such wholesale funding sources (including reciprocal deposits) amounted to approximately $1.09 billion, or 23.6% of total funding (deposits and all borrowings, excluding subordinated debt and debentures). Because wholesale funding sources are affected by general market conditions, the availability of such funding may be dependent on the confidence these sources have in our financial condition and operations. The continued availability to us of these funding sources is not certain, and Brokered CDs may be difficult for us to retain or replace at attractive rates as they mature. Our liquidity may be constrained if we are unable to renew our wholesale funding sources or if adequate financing is not available in the future at acceptable rates of interest or at all. Our financial performance could also be affected if we are unable to maintain our access to funding sources or if we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding sources. In such case, our net interest income and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We historically employed derivative financial instruments to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. During the first three months of 2024 and 2023, we entered into $29.5 million and $19.5 million (aggregate notional amounts), respectively, of interest rate swaps with commercial loan customers, which were offset with interest rate swaps that the Bank entered into with a broker-dealer. We recorded $0.3 million and $0.4 million of fee income related to these transactions during the first three months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. See note #6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for more information on our derivative financial instruments.

Liquidity and capital resources. Liquidity risk is the risk of being unable to timely meet obligations as they come due at a reasonable funding cost or without incurring unacceptable losses. Our liquidity management involves the measurement and monitoring of a variety of sources and uses of funds. Our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows categorize these sources and uses into operating, investing and financing activities. We primarily focus our liquidity management on maintaining adequate levels of liquid assets (primarily funds on deposit with the FRB and certain securities AFS) as well as developing access to a variety of borrowing sources to supplement our deposit gathering activities and provide funds for purchasing securities or originating Portfolio Loans as well as to be able to respond to unforeseen liquidity needs.

Our primary sources of funds include our deposit base, secured advances from the FHLB and FRB, federal funds purchased borrowing facilities with other banks, and access to the capital markets (for Brokered CDs). At March 31, 2024, in addition to liquidity available from our normal operating, funding and investing activities we had unused credit lines with the FHLB and FRB of approximately $1.072 billion and $496.0 million, respectively. We also had approximately $811.3 million in fair value of unpledged securities AFS and HTM at March 31, 2024, which could be pledged for an estimated additional borrowing capacity at the FHLB and FRB of approximately $754.9 million.

At March 31, 2024, we had $762.2 million of time deposits that mature in the next 12 months. Historically, a majority of these maturing time deposits are renewed by our customers. Additionally, $3.75 billion of our deposits at March 31, 2024, were in account types from which the customer could withdraw the funds on demand. Changes in the balances of deposits

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that can be withdrawn upon demand are usually predictable and the total balances of these accounts have generally grown or have been stable over time as a result of our marketing and promotional activities. However, there can be no assurance that historical patterns of renewing time deposits or overall growth or stability in deposits will continue in the future.

We have developed contingency funding plans that stress test our liquidity needs that may arise from certain events such as an adverse change in our financial metrics (for example, credit quality or regulatory capital ratios). Our liquidity management also includes periodic monitoring that measures quick assets (defined generally as highly liquid or short-term assets) to total assets, short-term liability dependence and basic surplus (defined as quick assets less volatile liabilities to total assets). Policy limits have been established for our various liquidity measurements and are monitored on a quarterly basis. In addition, we also prepare cash flow forecasts that include a variety of different scenarios.

We believe that we currently have adequate liquidity at our Bank because of our cash and cash equivalents, our portfolio of securities AFS, our access to secured advances from the FHLB and FRB and our ability to issue Brokered CDs.

We also believe that the available cash on hand at the parent company (including time deposits) of approximately $46.6 million as of March 31, 2024, provides sufficient liquidity resources at the parent company to meet operating expenses, to make interest payments on the subordinated debt and debentures, and, along with dividends from the Bank, to pay projected cash dividends on our common stock.

Effective management of capital resources is critical to our mission to create value for our shareholders. In addition to common stock, our capital structure also currently includes subordinated debt and cumulative trust preferred securities.

Capitalization

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Subordinated debt	$	39,529	$	39,510
Subordinated debentures	39,745		39,728
Amount not qualifying as regulatory capital	(753)		(734)
Amount qualifying as regulatory capital	78,521		78,504
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock	317,099		317,483
Retained earnings	170,100		159,108
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(71,629)		(72,142)
Total shareholders’ equity	415,570		404,449
Total capitalization	$	494,091	$	482,953

In May 2020, we issued $40.0 million of fixed to floating subordinated notes with a ten year maturity and a five year call option. The initial coupon rate is 5.95% fixed for five years and then floats at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 5.825%. These notes are presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition under the caption “Subordinated debt” and the March 31, 2024, balance of $39.5 million is net of remaining unamortized deferred issuance costs of approximately $0.5 million that are being amortized through the maturity date into interest expense on other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We currently have four special purpose entities with $39.7 million of outstanding cumulative trust preferred securities as of March 31, 2024. These special purpose entities issued common securities and provided cash to our parent company that in turn issued subordinated debentures to these special purpose entities equal to the trust preferred securities and common securities. The subordinated debentures represent the sole asset of the special purpose entities. The common securities and subordinated debentures are included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The FRB has issued rules regarding trust preferred securities as a component of the Tier 1 capital of bank holding companies. The aggregate amount of trust preferred securities (and certain other capital elements) are limited to 25 percent of Tier 1 capital elements, net of goodwill (net of any associated deferred tax liability). The amount of trust preferred securities and certain other elements in excess of the limit can be included in Tier 2 capital, subject to restrictions. At the parent company, all of these securities qualified as Tier 1 capital at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.

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Common shareholders’ equity increased to $415.6 million at March 31, 2024, from $404.4 million at December 31, 2023. The increase is primarily due to earnings retention. Our tangible common equity (“TCE”) totaled $385.4 million and $374.1 million, respectively, at those same dates. Our ratio of TCE to tangible assets was 7.41% and 7.15% at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. TCE and the ratio of TCE to tangible assets are non-GAAP measures. TCE represents total common equity less goodwill and other intangible assets.

In December 2023, our Board of Directors authorized a 2024 share repurchase plan. Under the terms of the 2024 share repurchase plan, we are authorized to buy back up to 1,100,000, or approximately 5% of our outstanding common stock. There were no shares repurchased during the first three months of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We pay a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock. These dividends totaled $0.24 per share and $0.23 per share in the first three months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. We generally favor a dividend payout ratio between 30% and 50% of net income.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our Bank (and holding company) continued to meet the requirements to be considered “well-capitalized” under federal regulatory standards (also see note #10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report).

Asset/liability management. Interest-rate risk is created by differences in the cash flow characteristics of our assets and liabilities. Options embedded in certain financial instruments, including caps on adjustable-rate loans as well as borrowers’ rights to prepay fixed-rate loans, also create interest-rate risk.

Our asset/liability management efforts identify and evaluate opportunities to structure our assets and liabilities in a manner that is consistent with our mission to maintain profitable financial leverage within established risk parameters. We evaluate various opportunities and alternate asset/liability management strategies carefully and consider the likely impact on our risk profile as well as the anticipated contribution to earnings. The marginal cost of funds is a principal consideration in the implementation of our asset/liability management strategies, but such evaluations further consider interest-rate and liquidity risk as well as other pertinent factors. We have established parameters for interest-rate risk. We regularly monitor our interest-rate risk and report at least quarterly to our board of directors.

We employ simulation analyses to monitor our interest-rate risk profile and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income and market value of portfolio equity that result from changes in interest rates. The purpose of these simulations is to identify sources of interest-rate risk. The simulations do not anticipate any actions that we might initiate in response to changes in interest rates and, accordingly, the simulations do not provide a reliable forecast of anticipated results. The simulations are predicated on immediate, permanent and parallel shifts in interest rates and generally assume that current loan and deposit pricing relationships remain constant. The simulations further incorporate assumptions relating to changes in customer behavior, including changes in prepayment rates on certain assets and liabilities. At March 31, 2024, both our interest rate risk profile as measured by our short term earnings simulation and our longer term interest rate risk measure based on changes in economic value indicates exposure to rising rates. These measures have decreased modestly from December 31, 2023 due to a shift in the asset mix to shorter duration loans while the sensitivity measures relating to funding mix were relatively stable. In addition, at March 31, 2024 our simulation base-rate scenario for market value of portfolio equity increased from December 31, 2023 due primarily to to an increase in the bank’s tangible equity, an increase in the value of non-maturity deposits caused by an increase in long term market rates and spread tightening in certain sectors of the fixed income bond market. We are carefully monitoring the change in our funding mix as well as the composition of our earning assets and the impact of potential future changes in interest rates on our changes in market value of portfolio equity and changes in net interest income. As a result, we may add some longer-term borrowings, may utilize derivatives (interest rate swaps, interest rate caps and interest rate floors) to manage interest rate risk and may continue to sell some fixed rate jumbo and other portfolio mortgage loans in the future.

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CHANGES IN MARKET VALUE OF PORTFOLIO EQUITY, NET INTEREST INCOME AND NET INTEREST MARGIN

Change in Interest Rates	Market Value of Portfolio Equity(1)		Percent Change		Net Interest Income(2)		Percent Change		Net Interest Margin(3)		Percent Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2024
200 basis point rise	$	480,600	(13.92)	%	$	171,500	(1.44)	%	3.42	%	(1.44)	%
100 basis point rise	520,900		(6.70)		173,300		(0.40)		3.46		(0.29)
Base-rate scenario	558,300		—		174,000		—		3.47		—
100 basis point decline	585,700		4.91		172,700		(0.75)		3.44		(0.86)
200 basis point decline	598,000		7.11		172,500		(0.86)		3.44		(0.86)
December 31, 2023
200 basis point rise	$	447,600	(17.29)	%	$	166,000	(2.06)	%	3.30	%	(2.37)	%
100 basis point rise	494,500		(8.63)		168,300		(0.71)		3.35		(0.89)
Base-rate scenario	541,200		—		169,500		—		3.38		—
100 basis point decline	582,800		7.69		169,000		(0.29)		3.36		(0.59)
200 basis point decline	603,200		11.46		167,800		(1.00)		3.34		(1.18)

_________________________________

(1)Simulation analyses calculate the change in the net present value of our assets and liabilities, including debt and related financial derivative instruments, under parallel shifts in interest rates by discounting the estimated future cash flows using a market-based discount rate. Cash flow estimates incorporate anticipated changes in prepayment speeds and other embedded options.

(2)Simulation analyses calculate the change in net interest income under immediate parallel shifts in interest rates over the next twelve months, based upon a static statement of financial condition, which includes debt and related financial derivative instruments, and do not consider loan fees or loan origination costs.

(3)Simulation analyses calculate the change in tax equivalent net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets (the “net interest margin”) under immediate parallel shifts in interest rates over the next twelve months, based upon a static statement of financial condition, which includes debt and related financial derivative instruments, and do not consider loan fees or loan origination costs.

LITIGATION MATTERS

The aggregate amount we have accrued for losses we consider probable as a result of litigation matters is immaterial. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of outcomes from any litigation matter, we believe it is reasonably possible we may incur losses in addition to the amounts we have accrued. At this time, we estimate the maximum amount of additional losses that are reasonably possible is insignificant. However, because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages, this maximum amount may change in the future.

The litigation matters described in the preceding paragraph primarily include claims that have been brought against us for damages, but do not include litigation matters where we seek to collect amounts owed to us by third parties (such as litigation initiated to collect delinquent loans). These excluded, collection-related matters may involve claims or counterclaims by the opposing party or parties, but we have excluded such matters from the disclosure contained in the preceding paragraph in all cases where we believe the possibility of us paying damages to any opposing party is remote.

Accounting standards update. See note #2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report for details on recently issued accounting pronouncements and their impact on our interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Fair valuation of financial instruments. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820 - “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“FASB ASC Topic 820”) defines fair

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value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

We utilize fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial instruments and to determine fair value disclosures. FASB ASC Topic 820 differentiates between those assets and liabilities required to be carried at fair value at every reporting period (“recurring”) and those assets and liabilities that are only required to be adjusted to fair value under certain circumstances (“nonrecurring”). Securities AFS, loans held for sale, carried at fair value, derivatives and capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other financial assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets. See note #11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for a complete discussion on our use of fair valuation of financial instruments and the related measurement techniques.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and conform to general practices within the banking industry. Accounting and reporting policies for the ACL and capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are deemed critical since they involve the use of estimates and require significant management judgments. Application of assumptions different than those that we have used could result in material changes in our consolidated financial position or results of operations. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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Item 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See applicable disclosures set forth in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 2 under the caption “Asset/liability management.”

Item 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a)Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

With the participation of management, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e)) for the period ended March 31, 2024, have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

(b)Changes in Internal Controls.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The Company maintains a Deferred Compensation and Stock Purchase Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "Plan") pursuant to which non-employee directors can elect to receive shares of the Company's common stock in lieu of fees otherwise payable to the director for his or her service as a director. A director can elect to receive shares on a current basis or to defer receipt of the shares, in which case the shares are issued to a trust to be held for the account of the director and then generally distributed to the director after his or her retirement from the Board. Pursuant to this Plan, during the first quarter of 2024, the Company issued 341 shares of common stock to non-employee directors on a current basis and 2,151 shares of common stock to the trust for distribution to directors on a deferred basis. These shares were issued on April 1, 2024 representing aggregate fees of $0.06 million. The shares on a current basis were issued at a price of $26.02 per share and the shares on a deferred basis were issued at a price of $23.42 per share, representing 90% of the fair value of the shares on the credit date. The price per share was the consolidated closing bid price per share of the Company's common stock as of the date of issuance, as determined in accordance with NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. The Company issued the shares pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 due to the fact that the issuance of the shares was made on a private basis pursuant to the Plan.

The following table shows certain information relating to repurchases of common stock for the three-months ended March 31, 2024:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan	Remaining Number of Shares Authorized for Purchase Under the Plan
January 2024	37,858	$	25.79	—	1,100,000
February 2024	43,446	24.45		—	1,100,000
March 2024	1,932	24.28		—	1,100,000
Total	83,236	$	25.06	—	1,100,000

(1) January, February and March include 37,858 shares, 73 shares and 1,932 shares, respectively, withheld from the shares that would otherwise have been issued to certain officers in order to satisfy the tax withholding obligations resulting from the vesting of restricted stock and performance share units as well as satisfy the tax withholding obligations and stock option exercise price resulting from the exercise of stock options. February also includes 43,373 shares of our common stock purchased in the open market by the Independent Bank Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Trust as part of our employee stock ownership plan..

Item 5. Other Information

During the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement" or "Non-Rule 10b5‑1 Trading Arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

(a)	The following exhibits (listed by number corresponding to the Exhibit Table as Item 601 in Regulation S-K) are filed with this report:
	31.1	Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
	31.2	Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
	32.1	Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
	32.2	Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
	101.	INS Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
	101.	SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
	101.	CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
	101.	DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
	101.	LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
	101.	PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
	104	Cover page interactive data file (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date	May 3, 2024	By	/s/ Gavin A. Mohr
			Gavin A. Mohr, Principal Financial Officer
Date	May 3, 2024	By	/s/ James J. Twarozynski
			James J. Twarozynski, Principal Accounting Officer

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