SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED September 30, 2022

Commission file number   0-7818

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Michigan	38-2032782
(State or jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

4200 East Beltline, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49525

(Address of principal executive offices)

(616) 527-5820

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

NONE

Former name, address and fiscal year, if changed since last report.

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange which registered
Common stock, no par value	IBCP	The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.

Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨ Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

YES ¨ NO x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: common stock, no par value, 21,065,144 as of November 3, 2022.

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

		Number(s)
PART I -	Financial Information
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Three- and Nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) Three- and Nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity Three- and Nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	7
	Notes to Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8-58
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	42-77
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	61
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	61
PART II -	Other Information
Item 1A	Risk Factors	62
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	62
Item 6.	Exhibits	63

1

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements in this report that are not statements of historical fact, including statements that include terms such as ‘‘will,’’ ‘‘may,’’ ‘‘should,’’ ‘‘believe,’’ ‘‘expect,’’ ‘‘forecast,’’ ‘‘anticipate,’’ ‘‘estimate,’’ ‘‘project,’’ ‘‘intend,’’ ‘‘likely,’’ ‘‘optimistic’’ and ‘‘plan’’ and statements about future or projected financial and operating results, plans, projections, objectives, expectations, and intentions, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, descriptions of plans and objectives for future operations, products or services; projections of our future revenue, earnings or other measures of economic performance; forecasts of credit losses and other asset quality trends; statements about our business and growth strategies; and expectations about economic and market conditions and trends. These forward-looking statements express our current expectations, forecasts of future events, or long-term goals. They are based on assumptions, estimates, and forecasts that, although believed to be reasonable, may turn out to be incorrect. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including:

•economic, market, operational, liquidity, credit, and interest rate risks associated with our business including the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on each of these items;

•economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry, particularly economic conditions within Michigan and the regional and local real estate markets in which our bank operates including the economic impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in each of these areas;

•the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of, and provisions made to, our allowance for credit losses;

•increased competition in the financial services industry, either nationally or regionally;

•our ability to achieve loan and deposit growth;

•volatility and direction of market interest rates;

•the continued services of our management team; and

•implementation of new legislation, which may have significant effects on us and the financial services industry.

This list provides examples of factors that could affect the results described by forward-looking statements contained in this report, but the list is not intended to be all-inclusive. The risk factors disclosed in Part I – Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as updated by any new or modified risk factors disclosed in Part II – Item 1A of any subsequently filed Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, include the known risks our management believes could materially affect the results described by forward-looking statements in this report. However, those risks may not be the only risks we face. Our results of operations, cash flows, financial position, and prospects could also be materially and adversely affected by additional factors that are not presently known to us that we currently consider to be immaterial, or that develop after the date of this report. We cannot assure you that our future results will meet expectations. While we believe the forward-looking statements in this report are reasonable, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. In addition, these statements speak only as of the date made. We do not undertake, and expressly disclaim, any obligation to update or alter any statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

2

Part I - Item 1. INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(unaudited)
	(In thousands, except share amounts)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	57,059	$	51,069
Interest bearing deposits	13,573		58,404
Cash and Cash Equivalents	70,632		109,473
Securities available for sale	804,272		1,412,830
Securities held to maturity (fair value of $341,129 at September 30, 2022 and zero at December 31, 2021)	379,429		—
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost	17,653		18,427
Loans held for sale, carried at fair value	9,091		55,470
Loans held for sale, carried at lower of cost or fair value	—		34,811
Loans
Commercial	1,408,230		1,203,581
Mortgage	1,354,879		1,139,659
Installment	646,749		561,805
Total Loans	3,409,858		2,905,045
Allowance for credit losses	(51,142)		(47,252)
Net Loans	3,358,716		2,857,793
Other real estate and repossessed assets	348		245
Property and equipment, net	35,711		36,404
Bank-owned life insurance	55,146		55,279
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights, carried at fair value	43,158		26,232
Other intangibles	2,697		3,336
Goodwill	28,300		28,300
Accrued income and other assets	126,224		66,140
Total Assets	$	4,931,377	$	4,704,740
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Deposits
Non-interest bearing	$	1,376,765	$	1,321,601
Savings and interest-bearing checking	1,957,421		1,897,487
Reciprocal	616,435		586,626
Time	308,262		308,438
Brokered time	68,145		2,938
Total Deposits	4,327,028		4,117,090
Other borrowings	86,707		30,009
Subordinated debt	39,414		39,357
Subordinated debentures	39,643		39,592
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	106,277		80,208
Total Liabilities	4,599,069		4,306,256
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, no par value, 200,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock, no par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 21,063,954 shares at September 30, 2022 and 21,171,036 shares at December 31, 2021	320,437		323,401
Retained earnings	108,916		74,582
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(97,045)		501
Total Shareholders’ Equity	332,308		398,484
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	4,931,377	$	4,704,740

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

3

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Interest Income
Interest and fees on loans	$	37,092	$	30,132	$	96,964	$	86,328
Interest on securities
Taxable	5,329		3,922		14,831		10,374
Tax-exempt	2,284		1,597		5,584		4,525
Other investments	220		204		651		629
Total Interest Income	44,925		35,855		118,030		101,856
Interest Expense
Deposits	3,625		1,090		5,608		3,488
Other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures	1,403		962		3,463		2,888
Total Interest Expense	5,028		2,052		9,071		6,376
Net Interest Income	39,897		33,803		108,959		95,480
Provision for credit losses	3,145		(659)		3,951		(2,558)
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses	36,752		34,462		105,008		98,038
Non-interest Income
Interchange income	4,049		4,237		10,553		10,739
Service charges on deposit accounts	3,082		2,944		9,135		7,178
Net gains (losses) on assets
Mortgage loans	2,857		8,361		4,945		30,280
Securities available for sale	—		5		(275)		1,421
Mortgage loan servicing, net	4,283		1,271		18,086		4,476
Other	2,590		2,877		7,997		6,778
Total Non-interest Income	16,861		19,695		50,441		60,872
Non-interest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits	20,601		21,659		60,613		60,064
Data processing	2,653		3,022		7,513		7,972
Occupancy, net	2,062		2,082		6,682		6,578
Interchange expense	927		1,202		3,200		3,351
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	987		1,075		3,074		3,112
Communications	723		683		2,242		2,341
Loan and collection	772		735		1,978		2,353
Advertising	345		666		1,585		1,319
FDIC deposit insurance	591		346		1,570		983
Legal and professional	573		513		1,545		1,534
Costs related to unfunded lending commitments	382		369		676		363
Conversion related expenses	—		275		50		1,636
Other	1,750		1,885		5,522		5,463
Total Non-interest Expense	32,366		34,512		96,250		97,069
Income Before Income Tax	21,247		19,645		59,199		61,841
Income tax expense	3,950		3,683		10,934		11,454
Net Income	$	17,297	$	15,962	$	48,265	$	50,387
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic	$	0.82	$	0.74	$	2.29	$	2.32
Diluted	$	0.81	$	0.73	$	2.27	$	2.30

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

4

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(Unaudited - In thousands)
Net income	$	17,297	$	15,962	$	48,265	$	50,387
Other comprehensive loss
Securities available for sale
Unrealized losses arising during period	(16,320)		(1,663)		(99,678)		(2,282)
Net unrealized loss at time of transfer on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity	—		—		(26,479)		—
Accretion of net unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity	1,079		—		2,407		—
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in earnings	—		(5)		275		(1,421)
Unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive loss on securities available for sale	(15,241)		(1,668)		(123,475)		(3,703)
Income tax benefit	(3,199)		(350)		(25,929)		(777)
Unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive loss on securities available for sale, net of tax	(12,042)		(1,318)		(97,546)		(2,926)
Other comprehensive loss	(12,042)		(1,318)		(97,546)		(2,926)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	5,255	$	14,644	$	(49,281)	$	47,461

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

5

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021
	(Unaudited - In thousands)
Net Income	$	48,265	$	50,387
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash From Operating Activities
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	432,185		986,440
Disbursements for loans held for sale	(381,421)		(952,038)
Provision for credit losses	3,951		(2,558)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	1,922		820
Net deferred loan costs	(4,899)		(5,208)
Net depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and premiums and accretion of discounts on securities and loans	8,340		9,276
Net gains on mortgage loans	(4,945)		(30,280)
Net (gains) losses on securities available for sale	275		(1,421)
Share based compensation	1,589		1,446
Increase in accrued income and other assets	(17,476)		(10,537)
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities	7,582		9,585
Total Adjustments	47,103		5,525
Net Cash From Operating Activities	95,368		55,912
Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities
Proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale	70,523		81,683
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments and calls of securities available for sale	137,605		306,515
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments and calls of securities held to maturity	16,579		—
Purchases of securities held to maturity	(2,658)		—
Purchases of securities available for sale	(137,550)		(648,113)
Proceeds from the redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock	774		—
Net increase in portfolio loans (loans originated, net of principal payments)	(521,282)		(142,164)
Proceeds from the sale of portfolio loans	56,449		9,581
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance	433		467
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate and repossessed assets	735		960
Capital expenditures	(3,969)		(4,538)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(382,361)		(395,609)
Cash Flow From Financing Activities
Net increase in total deposits	209,938		374,713
Net increase (decrease) in other borrowings	36,698		(5)
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank Advances	190,000		—
Payments of Federal Home Loan Bank Advances	(170,000)		—
Dividends paid	(13,931)		(13,686)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	74		55
Repurchase of common stock	(4,010)		(13,773)
Share based compensation withholding obligation	(617)		(691)
Net Cash From Financing Activities	248,152		346,613
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(38,841)		6,916
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	109,473		118,705
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	70,632	$	125,621
Cash paid during the period for
Interest	$	8,110	$	5,865
Income taxes	5,040		12,059
Transfers to other real estate and repossessed assets	624		216
Transfer of securities available for sale to held to maturity	391,618		—
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	791		283
Purchase of securities available for sale not yet settled	—		28,078

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

6

INDEPENDENT BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

	Common Stock		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Balances at July 1, 2022	$	319,885	$	96,252	$	(85,003)	$	331,134
Net income, three months ended September 30, 2022	—		17,297		—		17,297
Cash dividends declared, $0.22 per share	—		(4,633)		—		(4,633)
Repurchase of zero shares of common stock	—		—		—		—
Issuance of 17,900 shares of common stock	42		—		—		42
Share based compensation (issuance of zero shares of common stock)	535		—		—		535
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 1,666 shares of common stock)	(25)		—		—		(25)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		(12,042)		(12,042)
Balances at September 30, 2022	$	320,437	$	108,916	$	(97,045)	$	332,308
Balances at July 1, 2021	$	332,457	$	55,101	$	8,416	$	395,974
Net income, three months ended September 30, 2021	—		15,962		—		15,962
Cash dividends declared, $0.21 per share	—		(4,520)		—		(4,520)
Repurchase of 315,345 shares of common stock	(6,488)		—		—		(6,488)
Issuance of 1,200 shares of common stock	6		—		—		6
Share based compensation (issuance of 6,268 shares of common stock)	499		—		—		499
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 3,943 shares of common stock)	(84)		—		—		(84)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		(1,318)		(1,318)
Balances at September 30, 2021	$	326,390	$	66,543	$	7,098	$	400,031
Balances at January 1, 2022	$	323,401	$	74,582	$	501	$	398,484
Net income, nine months ended September 30, 2022	—		48,265		—		48,265
Cash dividends declared, $0.66 per share	—		(13,931)		—		(13,931)
Repurchase of 181,586 shares of common stock	(4,010)		—		—		(4,010)
Issuance of 39,532 shares of common stock	74		—		—		74
Share based compensation (issuance of 62,856 shares of common stock)	1,589		—		—		1,589
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 27,884 shares of common stock)	(617)		—		—		(617)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		(97,546)		(97,546)
Balances at September 30, 2022	$	320,437	$	108,916	$	(97,045)	$	332,308
Balances at January 1, 2021	$	339,353	$	40,145	$	10,024	$	389,522
Adoption of ASU 2016-13	—		(10,303)		—		(10,303)
Balances at January 1, 2021, as adjusted	339,353		29,842		10,024		379,219
Net income, nine months ended September 30, 2021	—		50,387		—		50,387
Cash dividends declared, $0.63 per share	—		(13,686)		—		(13,686)
Repurchase of 659,350 shares of common stock	(13,773)		—		—		(13,773)
Issuance of 38,650 shares of common stock	55		—		—		55
Share based compensation (issuance of 124,214 shares of common stock)	1,446		—		—		1,446
Share based compensation withholding obligation (withholding of 36,222 shares of common stock)	(691)		—		—		(691)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		(2,926)		(2,926)
Balances at September 30, 2021	$	326,390	$	66,543	$	7,098	$	400,031

See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

7

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1.    Preparation of Financial Statements

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although we believe that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all the adjustments necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial condition as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and the results of operations for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The results of operations for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior period condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. Our critical accounting policies include the determination of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) and the valuation of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights. Refer to our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a disclosure of our accounting policies.

2.    New Accounting Standards

In March, 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-01, “Derivative and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method”. This ASU expands the current “last-of-layer” hedge method to allow multiple hedged layers of a single closed portfolio as well as to include non prepayable financial assets. This ASU also provides additional guidance on the accounting for and disclosure of certain hedge basis adjustments and specifies how hedge basis adjustments should be considered when determining credit losses for assets included in a closed portfolio. This ASU is required in reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. We early adopted this ASU in the second quarter of 2022 with no material impact to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, ‘‘Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting’’. This new ASU provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. Entities can elect not to apply certain modification accounting requirements to contracts affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. Entities that make such elections would not have to remeasure contracts at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. Entities can elect various optional expedients that would allow them to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met.

We have formed a cross-functional project team to lead this transition from LIBOR to a planned adoption of reference rates which could include Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), amongst others. We utilized the timeline guidance published by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee to develop and achieve internal milestones during this transitional period. We have discontinued the use of new LIBOR-based loans as of December 31, 2021, according to regulatory guidelines. We also discontinued the use of new LIBOR based interest rate derivatives as of December 31, 2021. The amended guidance under Topic 848 and our ability to elect its temporary optional expedients and exceptions are effective for us through December 31, 2022. We expect to adopt the LIBOR transition relief allowed under this standard.

In March, 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructuring and Vintage Disclosures”. This ASU eliminates the troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) accounting model for creditors that have already adopted Topic 326, which is commonly referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. In lieu of the TDR accounting model, creditors now will apply the general loan modification guidance in Subtopic 310-20 to all loan modifications, including modifications made for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Under the general loan modification guidance, a modification is treated as a new loan only if the terms of the new loan are at least as favorable to the lender as the terms for comparable loans to other customers with similar collection risks, and modifications to the terms of the original loan are more than minor. If either condition is not met, the modification is accounted for as the continuation of the old loan with any effect of the modification treated as a prospective adjustment to

8

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

the loan’s effective interest rate. In addition, this ASU requires the disclosure of gross charge-offs recorded in the current period for financing receivables by origination year. For entities that have adopted Topic 326, ASU 2022-02 takes effect in reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of this ASU on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3.    Securities

Securities available for sale (“AFS”) consist of the following:

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized
			Gains		Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
U.S. agency	$	13,421	$	12	$	972	$	12,461
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	104,029		14		10,708		93,335
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	15,910		—		1,576		14,334
Private label mortgage-backed	104,432		256		8,435		96,253
Other asset backed	220,218		6		6,186		214,038
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	348,717		4		54,092		294,629
Corporate	87,498		8		9,702		77,804
Trust preferred	978		—		59		919
Foreign government	500		—		1		499
Total	$	895,703	$	300	$	91,731	$	804,272
December 31, 2021
U.S. agency	$	34,634	$	152	$	112	$	34,674
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	309,907		1,952		3,874		307,985
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	23,066		84		224		22,926
Private label mortgage-backed	102,480		807		672		102,615
Other asset backed	215,235		1,204		269		216,170
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	568,355		9,942		2,221		576,076
Corporate	148,707		2,446		1,194		149,959
Trust preferred	1,975		—		56		1,919
Foreign government	499		7		—		506
Total	$	1,404,858	$	16,594	$	8,622	$	1,412,830

9

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Securities held to maturity (“HTM”) consist of the following:

	Carrying Value		Transferred Unrealized Loss (1)		ACL		Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value
									Gains		Losses
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
U.S. agency	$	28,353	$	1,922	$	—	$	30,275	$	—	$	4,754	$	25,521
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	120,051		11,153		—		131,204		—		25,124		106,080
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	4,985		254		—		5,239		—		606		4,633
Private label mortgage-backed	7,227		444		1		7,672		—		992		6,680
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	169,522		9,033		39		178,594		5		26,035		152,564
Corporate	48,350		1,211		123		49,684		—		5,034		44,650
Trust preferred	941		55		5		1,001		—		—		1,001
Total	$	379,429	$	24,072	$	168	$	403,669	$	5	$	62,545	$	341,129

(1)Represents the remaining unrealized loss to be accreted on securities that were transferred from AFS to HTM on April 1, 2022.

On April 1, 2022, we transferred certain securities AFS with an amortized cost and unrealized loss at the date of transfer of $418.1 million and $26.5 million, respectively to HTM. The transfer was made at fair value, with the unrealized loss becoming part of the purchase discount which will be accreted over the remaining life of the securities. The other comprehensive loss component is separated from the remaining available for sale securities and is accreted over the remaining life of the securities transferred. We have the ability and intent to hold these securities until they mature, at which time we expect to receive full value for these securities.

10

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Gross unrealized losses and fair values for securities available for sale aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual securities have been at a continuous unrealized loss position follows:

	Less Than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
U.S. agency	$	9,216	$	802	$	1,813	$	170	$	11,029	$	972
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	50,456		4,396		41,445		6,312		91,901		10,708
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	6,328		724		8,007		852		14,335		1,576
Private label mortgage-backed	65,716		4,347		29,949		4,088		95,665		8,435
Other asset backed	203,307		5,603		9,517		583		212,824		6,186
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	148,049		25,023		144,063		29,069		292,112		54,092
Corporate	35,467		3,713		40,349		5,989		75,816		9,702
Trust preferred	—		—		919		59		919		59
Foreign government	499		1		—		—		499		1
Total	$	519,038	$	44,609	$	276,062	$	47,122	$	795,100	$	91,731
December 31, 2021
U.S. agency	$	11,986	$	109	$	1,286	$	3	$	13,272	$	112
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	171,398		3,555		19,024		319		190,422		3,874
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	19,900		224		—		—		19,900		224
Private label mortgage-backed	64,408		640		2,180		32		66,588		672
Other asset backed	86,581		248		978		21		87,559		269
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	178,484		2,151		7,093		70		185,577		2,221
Corporate	75,166		1,150		1,050		44		76,216		1,194
Trust preferred	—		—		1,919		56		1,919		56
Total	$	607,923	$	8,077	$	33,530	$	545	$	641,453	$	8,622

Securities AFS in unrealized loss positions are evaluated quarterly for impairment related to credit losses. For securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For securities AFS that do not meet this criteria, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, we consider the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, adverse conditions specifically related to the security and the issuer and the impact of changes in market interest rates on the market value of the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, we compare the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis for the security, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded, limited to the amount that the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes. No ACL for securities AFS was needed at September 30, 2022. Accrued interest receivable on securities

11

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

AFS totaled $4.1 million and $6.0 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in accrued income and other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

U.S. agency, U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed and U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed securities — at September 30, 2022, we had 29 U.S. agency, 188 U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed and 16 U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major credit rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. The unrealized losses are largely attributed to widening spreads to Treasury bonds and/or an increase in interest rates since acquisition.

Private label mortgage backed, other asset backed, corporate and foreign securities — at September 30, 2022, we had 93 private label mortgage backed, 138 other asset backed, 84 corporate and one foreign securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. The unrealized losses are primarily due to credit spread widening and/or an increase in interest rates since acquisition.

Obligations of states and political subdivisions — at September 30, 2022, we had 351 municipal securities whose fair value is less than amortized cost. The unrealized losses are primarily due to an increase in interest rates since acquisition.

Trust preferred securities — at September 30, 2022, we had one trust preferred security whose fair value is less than amortized cost. This trust preferred security is a single issue security issued by a trust subsidiary of a bank holding company. The pricing of trust preferred securities has suffered from credit spread widening. This security is rated by a major rating agency as investment grade.

At September 30, 2022 management does not intend to liquidate any of the securities discussed above and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of these unrealized losses.

We recorded no credit related charges in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations related to securities AFS during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The ACL on securities HTM is a contra asset valuation account that is deducted from the carrying amount of securities HTM to present the net amount expected to be collected. Securities HTM are charged off against the ACL when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the ACL are reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in provision for credit losses. We measure expected credit losses on securities HTM on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accrued interest receivable on securities HTM totaled $2.1 million at September 30, 2022, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in accrued income and other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. With regard to U.S. Government-sponsored agency and mortgage-backed securities (residential and commercial), all these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee; therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to obligations of states and political subdivisions, private label-mortgage-backed, corporate and trust preferred securities HTM, we consider (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in our portfolio have been insignificant. Furthermore, as of September 30, 2022, there were no past due principal and interest payments associated with these securities. An allowance for credit losses of $168,000 was recorded on non U.S. agency securities HTM based on applying the long-term historical credit loss rate, as published by Moody’s, for similarly rated securities.

12

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

On a quarterly basis, we monitor the credit quality of securities HTM through the use of credit ratings. The carrying value of securities HTM at September 30, 2022, aggregated by credit quality follow:

	Private Label Mortgage- Backed		Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions		Corporate		Trust Preferred		Carrying Value Total
	(In thousands)
Credit rating:
AAA	$	7,227	$	33,643	$	—	$	—	$	40,870
AA	—		110,590		—		—		110,590
A	—		3,910		6,890		—		10,800
BBB	—		1,171		38,570		—		39,741
Non-rated	—		20,208		2,890		941		24,039
Total	$	7,227	$	169,522	$	48,350	$	941	$	226,040

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses by security HTM type follows:

	Private Label Mortgage- Backed		Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions		Corporate		Trust Preferred		Total
	(In thousands)
Three months ended September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	2	$	30	$	121	$	5	$	158
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses	(1)		9		2		—		10
Recoveries credited to the allowance	—		—		—		—		—
Securities HTM charged against the allowance	—		—		—		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	1	$	39	$	123	$	5	$	168
Nine months ended September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses	1		39		123		5		168
Recoveries credited to the allowance	—		—		—		—		—
Securities HTM charged against the allowance	—		—		—		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	1	$	39	$	123	$	5	$	168

13

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The amortized cost and fair value of securities AFS and securities HTM at September 30, 2022, by contractual maturity, follow:

	Securities AFS				Securities HTM
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Maturing within one year	$	9,029	$	9,006	$	4,856	$	4,815
Maturing after one year but within five years	115,171		104,403		45,272		41,395
Maturing after five years but within ten years	119,192		100,992		116,578		101,535
Maturing after ten years	207,722		171,911		92,848		75,991
	451,114		386,312		259,554		223,736
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	104,029		93,335		131,204		106,080
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	15,910		14,334		5,239		4,633
Private label mortgage-backed	104,432		96,253		7,672		6,680
Other asset backed	220,218		214,038		—		—
Total	$	895,703	$	804,272	$	403,669	$	341,129

The actual maturity may differ from the contractual maturity because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Gains and losses realized on the sale of securities AFS are determined using the specific identification method and are recognized on a trade-date basis. A summary of proceeds from the sale of securities AFS and gains and losses for the nine month periods ending September 30, follows:

			Realized
	Proceeds		Gains		Losses
	(In thousands)
2022	$	70,523	$	164	$	439
2021	81,683		1,471		50

4.    Loans

We estimate the ACL based on relevant available information from both internal and external sources, including historical loss trends, current conditions and forecasts, specific analysis of individual loans, and other relevant and appropriate factors. The allowance process is designed to provide for expected future losses based on our reasonable and supportable (“R&S”) forecast as of the reporting date. Our ACL process is administered by our Risk Management group utilizing a third party software solution, with significant input and ultimate approval from our Executive Enterprise Risk Committee. Further, we have established a CECL Forecast Committee, which includes a cross discipline structure with membership from Executive Management, Risk Management, and Accounting, which approves ACL model assumptions each quarter. Our ACL is comprised of three principal elements: (i) specific analysis of individual loans identified during the review of the loan portfolio, (ii) pooled analysis of loans with similar risk characteristics based on historical experience, adjusted for current conditions, R&S forecasts, and expected prepayments, and (iii) additional allowances based on subjective factors, including local and general economic business factors and trends, portfolio concentrations and changes in the size and/or the general terms of the loan portfolio.

The first ACL element (specific allocations) includes loans that do not share similar risk characteristics and are evaluated on an individual basis. We will typically evaluate on an individual basis loans that are on nonaccrual; commercial loans that have been modified resulting in a concession, for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, and which are considered TDR; and severely delinquent mortgage and installment loans. When we determine that foreclosure is probable or when repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of underlying collateral, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for estimated selling costs. For loans evaluated on an individual basis that are not determined to be collateral dependent, a discounted cash flow analysis is performed to determine expected credit losses.

The second ACL element (pooled analysis) includes loans with similar risk characteristics, which are broken down by segment, class, and risk metric. The Bank’s primary segments of commercial, mortgage, and installment loans are further classified by other relevant attributes, such as collateral type, lien position, occupancy status, amortization method, troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) status and balance size. Commercial classes are additionally segmented by risk rating, and mortgage and installment loan classes by credit score tier, which are updated at least semi-annually.

We utilize a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model to estimate expected future losses for pooled loans. Expected future cash flows are developed from payment schedules over the contractual term, adjusted for forecasted default (probability of default), loss, and prepayment assumptions. We are not required to develop forecasts over the full contractual term of the financial asset or group of financial assets. Rather, for periods beyond which the entity is able to make or obtain R&S forecasts of expected credit losses, we revert to the long term average on a straight line or immediate basis, as determined by the CECL Forecast Committee, and which may vary depending on the economic outlook and uncertainty.

The DCF model for the mortgage and installment pooled loan segments includes using probability of default (“PD”) assumptions that are derived through regression analysis with forecasted US unemployment levels by credit score tier. We review a composite forecast of approximately 50 analysts as well as the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) projections in setting the unemployment forecast for the R&S period. The current ACL utilizes a one year R&S forecast followed by immediate reversion to the 30 year average unemployment rate. PD assumptions for the remaining segments are based primarily on historical rates by risk metric as defaults were not strongly correlated with any economic indicator. Loss given default (“LGD”) assumptions for the mortgage loan segment are based on a two year forecast followed by a two year straight line reversion period to the longer term average, while LGD rates for the remaining segments are the historical average for the entire period. Prepayment assumptions represent average rates per segment for a period determined by our CECL Forecast Committee and as calculated through the Bank’s Asset and Liability Management program.

Pooled reserves for the commercial loan segment are calculated using the DCF model with assumptions generally based on historical averages by class and risk rating. Effective risk rating practices allow for strong predictability of defaults and losses over the portfolio’s expected shorter duration, relative to mortgage and installment loans. Our rating system is similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulators.

The third ACL element (additional allocations based on subjective factors) is based on factors that cannot be associated with a specific credit or loan category and reflects our attempt to ensure that the overall ACL appropriately reflects a margin for the imprecision necessarily inherent in the estimates of expected credit losses. We adjust our quantitative model for certain qualitative factors to reflect the extent to which management expects current conditions and R&S forecasts to differ from the conditions that existed for the period over which historical information was evaluated. The qualitative framework reflects changes related to relevant data, such as changes in asset quality trends, portfolio growth and composition, national and local economic factors, credit policy and administration and other factors not considered in the base quantitative model. We utilize a survey completed by business unit management throughout the Bank, as well as discussion with the CECL Forecast Committee to establish reserves under the qualitative framework. The current period’s ACL further recognizes inherent risk related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; specifically to commercial loans in high risk industries and mortgage and installment borrowers with occupations in those high risk industries. Identified high risk industries include: food service, hospitality, entertainment, retail, investment real estate, assisted living, and non-owner occupied office.

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended September 30, follows:

	Commercial		Mortgage		Installment		Subjective Allocation		Total
	(In thousands)
2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	11,059	$	20,313	$	4,220	$	12,291	$	47,883
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses	1,184		1,219		263		469		3,135
Recoveries credited to the allowance	202		78		450		—		730
Loans charged against the allowance	—		—		(606)		—		(606)
Balance at end of period	$	12,445	$	21,610	$	4,327	$	12,760	$	51,142
2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	9,094	$	18,933	$	3,701	$	14,198	$	45,926
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses	(969)		16		805		(511)		(659)
Recoveries credited to the allowance	1,751		339		394		—		2,484
Loans charged against the allowance	—		(113)		(839)		—		(952)
Balance at end of period	$	9,876	$	19,175	$	4,061	$	13,687	$	46,799

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, follows:

	Commercial		Mortgage		Installment		Subjective Allocation		Total
	(In thousands)
2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	11,519	$	19,221	$	3,749	$	12,763	$	47,252
Additions (deductions)
Provision for credit losses	496		2,087		1,203		(3)		3,783
Recoveries credited to the allowance	430		346		1,228		—		2,004
Loans charged against the allowance	—		(44)		(1,853)		—		(1,897)
Balance at end of period	$	12,445	$	21,610	$	4,327	$	12,760	$	51,142
2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	7,401	$	6,998	$	1,112	$	19,918	$	35,429
Additions (deductions)
Impact of adoption of ASC 326	2,551		12,000		3,052		(6,029)		11,574
Provision for credit losses	(2,591)		(264)		499		(202)		(2,558)
Initial allowance on loans purchased with credit deterioration	95		18		21		—		134
Recoveries credited to the allowance	2,420		720		778		—		3,918
Loans charged against the allowance	—		(297)		(1,401)		—		(1,698)
Balance at end of period	$	9,876	$	19,175	$	4,061	$	13,687	$	46,799

Loans on non-accrual status and past due more than 90 days (“Non-performing Loans”) follow:

	Non- Accrual with no Allowance for Credit Loss		Non- Accrual with an Allowance for Credit Loss		Total Non- Accrual		90+ and Still Accruing		Total Non- Performing Loans
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
Commercial
Commercial and industrial (1)	$	—	$	10	$	10	$	—	$	10
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		—
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	—		—		—		—		—
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo (2)	695		1,316		2,011		—		2,011
1-4 family non-owner occupied	157		399		556		—		556
1-4 family - 2nd lien	—		555		555		—		555
Resort lending	117		38		155		—		155
Installment
Boat lending	—		168		168		—		168
Recreational vehicle lending	—		119		119		—		119
Other	—		242		242		—		242
Total	$	969	$	2,847	$	3,816	$	—	$	3,816
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
December 31, 2021
Commercial
Commercial and industrial (1)	$	—	$	15	$	15	$	—	$	15
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		—
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	607		—		607		—		607
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo (2)	137		1,815		1,952		—		1,952
1-4 family non-owner occupied	275		592		867		—		867
1-4 family - 2nd lien	182		681		863		—		863
Resort lending	118		119		237		—		237
Installment
Boat lending	—		210		210		—		210
Recreational vehicle lending	—		177		177		—		177
Other	—		182		182		—		182
Total	$	1,319	$	3,791	$	5,110	$	—	$	5,110
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1)Non-performing commercial and industrial loans exclude $0.031 million and $0.047 million of government guaranteed loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

(2)Non-performing 1-4 family owner occupied – non jumbo loans exclude $1.460 million and $0.388 million of government guaranteed loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The following table provides collateral information by class of loan for collateral-dependent loans with a specific reserve. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral.

The amortized cost of collateral-dependent loans by class follows:

	Collateral Type				Allowance for Credit Losses
	Real Estate		Other
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	60	$	178	$	38
Commercial real estate	71		—		16
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	—		—		—
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	1,784		—		339
1-4 family non-owner occupied	234		—		27
1-4 family - 2nd lien	372		—		203
Resort lending	155		—		14
Installment
Boat lending	—		54		19
Recreational vehicle lending	—		71		25
Other	6		112		42
Total	$	2,682	$	415	$	723
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	1	$	—
December 31, 2021
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	80	$	245	$	51
Commercial real estate	84		—		19
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	607		—		—
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	940		—		286
1-4 family non-owner occupied	477		—		72
1-4 family - 2nd lien	370		—		67
Resort lending	237		—		42
Installment
Boat lending	—		80		29
Recreational vehicle lending	—		121		44
Other	—		70		25
Total	$	2,795	$	516	$	635
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	—	$	1

An aging analysis of loans by class follows:

	Loans Past Due								Loans not Past Due		Total Loans
	30-59 days		60-89 days		90+ days		Total
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	41	$	41	$	707,114	$	707,155
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		701,075		701,075
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	—		—		—		—		714,012		714,012
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	1,235		777		731		2,743		306,589		309,332
1-4 family non-owner occupied	135		36		198		369		186,059		186,428
1-4 family - 2nd lien	315		132		42		489		101,904		102,393
Resort lending	—		—		155		155		42,559		42,714
Installment
Boat lending	370		1		54		425		258,428		258,853
Recreational vehicle lending	313		115		27		455		278,994		279,449
Other	138		78		94		310		108,137		108,447
Total	$	2,506	$	1,139	$	1,342	$	4,987	$	3,404,871	$	3,409,858
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	19	$	6	$	—	$	25	$	8,452	$	8,477
December 31, 2021
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	2	$	62	$	64	$	593,048	$	593,112
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		610,469		610,469
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo	—		—		607		607		540,416		541,023
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	774		408		657		1,839		264,571		266,410
1-4 family non-owner occupied	87		26		462		575		194,277		194,852
1-4 family - 2nd lien	422		60		289		771		87,958		88,729
Resort lending	—		—		237		237		48,408		48,645
Installment
Boat lending	438		28		52		518		227,622		228,140
Recreational vehicle lending	377		65		120		562		234,183		234,745
Other	252		57		49		358		98,562		98,920
Total	$	2,350	$	646	$	2,535	$	5,531	$	2,899,514	$	2,905,045
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	25	$	9	$	—	$	34	$	6,802	$	6,836

We have allocated $2.6 million and $3.6 million of reserves to customers whose loan terms have been modified as TDRs at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

TDRs follow:

	September 30, 2022
	Commercial		Retail (1)			Total
	(In thousands)
Performing TDR's	$	3,210	$	28,071		$	31,281
Non-performing TDR's (2)	—		1,063		(3)	1,063
Total	$	3,210	$	29,134		$	32,344

	December 31, 2021
	Commercial		Retail (1)			Total
	(In thousands)
Performing TDR's	$	4,481	$	31,589		$	36,070
Non-performing TDR's (2)	—		1,016		(3)	1,016
Total	$	4,481	$	32,605		$	37,086

(1)Retail loans include mortgage and installment loan portfolio segments.

(2)Included in non-performing loans table above.

(3)Also includes loans on non-accrual at the time of modification until six payments are received on a timely basis.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the terms of one loan was modified as a TDR. The modification of the terms of this loan included a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan and a 34 month extension of the maturity date. The pre- and post-modification outstanding loan balances were both $0.3 million at September 30, 2022. This TDR increased the ACL by $0.03 million and resulted in zero charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. There were no TDR modifications during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

There were no TDRs that subsequently defaulted within twelve months following the modification during the three and nine months periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

A loan is considered to be in payment default generally once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, we perform an evaluation of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under our internal underwriting policy.

Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) due to COVID-19 - The 2020 CARES Act included a loan program administered through the U.S. Small Business Administration (‘‘SBA’’) referred to as the PPP. Under the PPP, small businesses and other entities and individuals could apply for loans, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. We were a participating lender in the PPP. The PPP opened on April 3, 2020 providing American small businesses with cash-flow assistance through 100% federally guaranteed loans through the SBA. The PPP initially closed on August 8, 2020 (“Round 1”). In December, 2020, additional funding was allocated for the PPP (“Round 2”), whose loans were also eligible for forgiveness. Round 2 closed on May 31, 2021.

PPP loans are included in the commercial and industrial class of the commercial loan portfolio segment. As these loans are 100% guaranteed through the SBA the allowance for credit losses recorded on these loans is zero. PPP loans funded totaled zero and $135.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30 2021, respectively. There were no PPP loans funded during 2022. There were no PPP loans and no unaccreted fees outstanding at September 30, 2022. At December 31, 2021 there were 186 PPP loans outstanding with a total principal balance of $26.4 million and $0.8 million of unaccreted net fees outstanding. Interest and fees on loans in our condensed consolidated statement of operations includes zero and $0.8 million during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, related to the accretion of net loan fees on PPP loans. Accretion of PPP net loan fees was $2.6 million and $6.5 million during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021.

Credit Quality Indicators – As part of our on-going monitoring of the credit quality of our loan portfolios, we track certain credit quality indicators including (a) risk grade of commercial loans, (b) the level of classified commercial loans, (c) credit scores of mortgage and installment loan borrowers, and (d) delinquency history and non-performing loans.

For commercial loans, we use a loan rating system that is similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulators. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 12. A description of the general characteristics of the ratings follows:

Rating 1 through 6: These loans are generally referred to as our “non-watch” commercial credits that include very high or exceptional credit fundamentals through acceptable credit fundamentals.

Rating 7 and 8: These loans are generally referred to as our “watch” commercial credits. These ratings include loans to borrowers that exhibit potential credit weakness or downward trends. If not checked or cured these trends could weaken our asset or credit position. While potentially weak, no loss of principal or interest is envisioned with these ratings.

Rating 9: These loans are generally referred to as our “substandard accruing” commercial credits. This rating includes loans to borrowers that exhibit a well-defined weakness where payment default is probable and loss is possible if deficiencies are not corrected. Generally, loans with this rating are considered collectible as to both principal and interest primarily due to collateral coverage.

Rating 10 and 11: These loans are generally referred to as our ‘‘substandard - non-accrual’’ and ‘‘doubtful’’ commercial credits. Our doubtful rating includes a sub classification for a loss rate other than 50% (which is the standard doubtful loss rate). These ratings include loans to borrowers with weaknesses that make collection of the loan in full, on the basis of current facts, conditions and values at best questionable and at worst improbable. All of these loans are placed in non-accrual.

Rating 12: These loans are generally referred to as our “loss” commercial credits. This rating includes loans to borrowers that are deemed incapable of repayment and are charged-off.

The following tables summarize loan ratings by loan class for our commercial portfolio loan segment at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	Commercial
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
Commercial and industrial
Non-watch (1-6)	$	142,152	$	142,746	$	67,454	$	55,375	$	28,275	$	149,383	$	105,320	$	690,705
Watch (7-8)	77		4,692		533		—		107		5,313		1,007		11,729
Substandard Accrual (9)	—		2,398		93		371		129		419		1,270		4,680
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		41		—		41
Total	$	142,229	$	149,836	$	68,080	$	55,746	$	28,511	$	155,156	$	107,597	$	707,155
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	252	$	351	$	174	$	129	$	170	$	409	$	236	$	1,721
Commercial real estate
Non-watch (1-6)	$	142,960	$	134,841	$	34,745	$	99,392	$	62,405	$	159,492	$	57,025	$	690,860
Watch (7-8)	—		—		—		2,528		2,189		4,528		—		9,245
Substandard Accrual (9)	—		130		—		181		—		659		—		970
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	142,960	$	134,971	$	34,745	$	102,101	$	64,594	$	164,679	$	57,025	$	701,075
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	372	$	307	$	68	$	323	$	195	$	418	$	119	$	1,802
Total Commercial
Non-watch (1-6)	$	285,112	$	277,587	$	102,199	$	154,767	$	90,680	$	308,875	$	162,345	$	1,381,565
Watch (7-8)	77		4,692		533		2,528		2,296		9,841		1,007		20,974
Substandard Accrual (9)	—		2,528		93		552		129		1,078		1,270		5,650
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		41		—		41
Total	$	285,189	$	284,807	$	102,825	$	157,847	$	93,105	$	319,835	$	164,622	$	1,408,230
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	624	$	658	$	242	$	452	$	365	$	827	$	355	$	3,523

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2021
Commercial and industrial
Non-watch (1-6)	$	121,917	$	69,856	$	56,984	$	44,827	$	38,307	$	96,261	$	144,579	$	572,731
Watch (7-8)	81		—		532		1,294		362		6,274		476		9,019
Substandard Accrual (9)	1,569		2		1,159		247		—		1,530		6,793		11,300
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		62		—		62
Total	$	123,567	$	69,858	$	58,675	$	46,368	$	38,669	$	104,127	$	151,848	$	593,112
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	314	$	153	$	105	$	229	$	90	$	240	$	242	$	1,373
Commercial real estate
Non-watch (1-6)	$	123,330	$	55,479	$	108,056	$	75,828	$	39,123	$	160,199	$	31,551	$	593,566
Watch (7-8)	—		324		3,028		7,678		1,708		1,423		—		14,161
Substandard Accrual (9)	441		—		—		1,193		1,108		—		—		2,742
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	123,771	$	55,803	$	111,084	$	84,699	$	41,939	$	161,622	$	31,551	$	610,469
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	182	$	81	$	233	$	203	$	94	$	325	$	47	$	1,165
Total Commercial
Non-watch (1-6)	$	245,247	$	125,335	$	165,040	$	120,655	$	77,430	$	256,460	$	176,130	$	1,166,297
Watch (7-8)	81		324		3,560		8,972		2,070		7,697		476		23,180
Substandard Accrual (9)	2,010		2		1,159		1,440		1,108		1,530		6,793		14,042
Non-Accrual (10-11)	—		—		—		—		—		62		—		62
Total	$	247,338	$	125,661	$	169,759	$	131,067	$	80,608	$	265,749	$	183,399	$	1,203,581
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	496	$	234	$	338	$	432	$	184	$	565	$	289	$	2,538

For each of our mortgage and installment portfolio segment classes, we generally monitor credit quality based on the credit scores of the borrowers. These credit scores are generally updated semi-annually.

The following tables summarize credit scores by loan class for our mortgage and installment loan portfolio segments at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	Mortgage (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo
800 and above	$	9,539	$	26,201	$	14,519	$	3,912	$	686	$	4,825	$	13,943	$	73,625
750-799	75,331		196,813		63,875		23,255		3,825		16,027		47,845		426,971
700-749	24,405		62,644		19,573		6,750		2,141		5,713		18,047		139,273
650-699	7,415		22,892		13,685		4,610		2,677		4,356		6,267		61,902
600-649	1,956		1,358		1,476		498		471		1,685		1,697		9,141
550-599	—		—		1,856		—		—		—		—		1,856
500-549	552		—		—		—		—		692		—		1,244
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	119,198	$	309,908	$	114,984	$	39,025	$	9,800	$	33,298	$	87,799	$	714,012
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	333	$	620	$	263	$	102	$	35	$	93	$	213	$	1,659
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo
800 and above	$	9,285	$	8,774	$	3,642	$	2,267	$	1,886	$	6,790	$	5,446	$	38,090
750-799	39,003		30,674		13,922		5,579		4,713		17,004		15,637		126,532
700-749	17,106		17,306		5,990		2,572		2,810		20,253		7,841		73,878
650-699	11,935		5,893		2,164		2,912		1,710		11,197		5,648		41,459
600-649	324		725		1,200		1,864		1,288		6,780		2,728		14,909
550-599	—		409		280		321		450		4,610		1,384		7,454
500-549	—		208		276		354		327		2,821		298		4,284
Under 500	299		—		767		519		94		884		163		2,726
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	77,952	$	63,989	$	28,241	$	16,388	$	13,278	$	70,339	$	39,145	$	309,332
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	193	$	144	$	66	$	48	$	49	$	207	$	109	$	816
1-4 family non-owner occupied
800 and above	$	4,640	$	6,860	$	2,200	$	3,908	$	986	$	6,084	$	4,309	$	28,987
750-799	18,808		33,430		16,381		6,263		1,957		10,495		16,122		103,456
700-749	5,719		11,057		5,950		2,387		782		6,484		3,116		35,495
650-699	971		2,215		1,176		1,083		632		4,433		2,944		13,454
600-649	300		142		70		77		99		1,919		348		2,955
550-599	—		—		—		—		485		349		466		1,300
500-549	—		—		—		60		—		435		86		581
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		200		—		200
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	30,438	$	53,704	$	25,777	$	13,778	$	4,941	$	30,399	$	27,391	$	186,428
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	71	$	122	$	70	$	49	$	19	$	97	$	82	$	510
1-4 family - 2nd lien
800 and above	$	2,266	$	1,386	$	1,692	$	816	$	986	$	2,467	$	1,974	$	11,587
750-799	8,435		9,265		6,772		3,943		3,841		8,048		7,698		48,002
700-749	7,169		5,003		2,222		2,118		2,634		3,306		5,304		27,756
650-699	1,665		1,171		767		1,155		946		2,888		1,839		10,431
600-649	288		460		281		113		625		861		382		3,010
550-599	—		9		—		23		53		460		118		663
500-549	—		—		—		164		—		406		131		701
Under 500	—		—		—		53		35		148		7		243
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	19,823	$	17,294	$	11,734	$	8,385	$	9,120	$	18,584	$	17,453	$	102,393
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	90	$	79	$	52	$	41	$	47	$	81	$	74	$	464

	Mortgage - continued (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022 - continued
Resort lending
800 and above	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,965	$	1,171	$	7,136
750-799	—		486		1,143		227		402		13,453		2,843		18,554
700-749	—		—		53		—		55		6,842		1,005		7,955
650-699	—		674		82		—		—		5,402		1,336		7,494
600-649	—		—		—		—		—		1,043		236		1,279
550-599	—		—		—		—		—		52		84		136
500-549	—		—		—		—		—		43		—		43
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		117		—		117
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	1,160	$	1,278	$	227	$	457	$	32,917	$	6,675	$	42,714
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	—	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	2	$	88	$	18	$	111
Total Mortgage
800 and above	$	25,730	$	43,221	$	22,053	$	10,903	$	4,544	$	26,131	$	26,843	$	159,425
750-799	141,577		270,668		102,093		39,267		14,738		65,027		90,145		723,515
700-749	54,399		96,010		33,788		13,827		8,422		42,598		35,313		284,357
650-699	21,986		32,845		17,874		9,760		5,965		28,276		18,034		134,740
600-649	2,868		2,685		3,027		2,552		2,483		12,288		5,391		31,294
550-599	—		418		2,136		344		988		5,471		2,052		11,409
500-549	552		208		276		578		327		4,397		515		6,853
Under 500	299		—		767		572		129		1,349		170		3,286
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	247,411	$	446,055	$	182,014	$	77,803	$	37,596	$	185,537	$	178,463	$	1,354,879
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	687	$	965	$	454	$	240	$	152	$	566	$	496	$	3,560

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2021
1-4 family owner occupied - jumbo
800 and above	$	31,137	$	17,652	$	8,491	$	2,565	$	7,516	$	527	$	—	$	67,888
750-799	135,292		92,590		30,072		7,118		9,469		5,043		2,371		281,955
700-749	67,255		34,665		13,765		4,421		7,748		4,856		—		132,710
650-699	19,367		10,313		5,447		5,285		6,080		690		—		47,182
600-649	2,050		2,638		506		1,013		837		976		—		8,020
550-599	—		469		—		—		781		—		—		1,250
500-549	—		1,411		—		—		—		—		—		1,411
Under 500	—		—		—		—		607		—		—		607
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	255,101	$	159,738	$	58,281	$	20,402	$	33,038	$	12,092	$	2,371	$	541,023
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	557	$	370	$	163	$	77	$	87	$	33	$	3	$	1,290
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo
800 and above	$	6,185	$	5,534	$	3,756	$	2,514	$	3,566	$	4,569	$	4,026	$	30,150
750-799	33,227		20,300		9,688		5,664		8,887		12,498		8,341		98,605
700-749	19,317		10,572		4,813		4,035		5,008		21,806		5,637		71,188
650-699	6,593		4,233		3,217		2,010		3,135		12,423		2,812		34,423
600-649	2,119		1,082		1,051		1,549		1,660		8,663		89		16,213
550-599	—		295		1,076		758		1,023		5,802		147		9,101
500-549	—		57		421		327		510		3,169		18		4,502
Under 500	—		616		284		394		250		684		—		2,228
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	67,441	$	42,689	$	24,306	$	17,251	$	24,039	$	69,614	$	21,070	$	266,410
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	208	$	97	$	84	$	58	$	68	$	226	$	57	$	798

	Mortgage - continued (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2021 - (continued)
1-4 family non-owner occupied
800 and above	$	15,406	$	1,786	$	2,857	$	1,459	$	2,627	$	5,058	$	1,639	$	30,832
750-799	44,201		21,885		10,517		3,667		6,956		10,004		5,117		102,347
700-749	16,486		7,807		2,764		1,878		966		6,095		2,756		38,752
650-699	6,617		3,095		257		299		248		6,019		955		17,490
600-649	125		57		108		282		174		2,051		381		3,178
550-599	—		25		—		192		—		1,121		—		1,338
500-549	—		—		—		55		—		638		50		743
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		172		—		172
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	82,835	$	34,655	$	16,503	$	7,832	$	10,971	$	31,158	$	10,898	$	194,852
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	171	$	95	$	46	$	23	$	33	$	107	$	38	$	513
1-4 family - 2nd lien
800 and above	$	415	$	964	$	426	$	95	$	266	$	353	$	8,465	$	10,984
750-799	2,161		2,413		714		1,332		1,859		2,415		30,106		41,000
700-749	1,307		1,049		771		561		1,374		2,365		16,316		23,743
650-699	122		309		460		405		140		1,639		5,286		8,361
600-649	—		177		72		106		92		1,143		1,370		2,960
550-599	—		—		61		—		—		476		228		765
500-549	—		—		99		—		89		190		155		533
Under 500	—		—		54		3		60		16		250		383
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	4,005	$	4,912	$	2,657	$	2,502	$	3,880	$	8,597	$	62,176	$	88,729
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	7	$	9	$	9	$	5	$	8	$	34	$	211	$	283
Resort lending
800 and above	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	274	$	—	$	7,347	$	—	$	7,621
750-799	600		1,246		250		511		63		19,630		—		22,300
700-749	—		174		—		301		67		9,052		—		9,594
650-699	951		—		—		—		—		6,057		—		7,008
600-649	—		—		—		—		—		1,841		—		1,841
550-599	—		—		—		—		—		80		—		80
500-549	—		—		—		—		—		201		—		201
Under 500	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,551	$	1,420	$	250	$	1,086	$	130	$	44,208	$	—	$	48,645
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	2	$	3	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	106	$	—	$	114
Total Mortgage
800 and above	$	53,143	$	25,936	$	15,530	$	6,907	$	13,975	$	17,854	$	14,130	$	147,475
750-799	215,481		138,434		51,241		18,292		27,234		49,590		45,935		546,207
700-749	104,365		54,267		22,113		11,196		15,163		44,174		24,709		275,987
650-699	33,650		17,950		9,381		7,999		9,603		26,828		9,053		114,464
600-649	4,294		3,954		1,737		2,950		2,763		14,674		1,840		32,212
550-599	—		789		1,137		950		1,804		7,479		375		12,534
500-549	—		1,468		520		382		599		4,198		223		7,390
Under 500	—		616		338		397		917		872		250		3,390
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	410,933	$	243,414	$	101,997	$	49,073	$	72,058	$	165,669	$	96,515	$	1,139,659
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	945	$	574	$	302	$	166	$	196	$	506	$	309	$	2,998

(1)Credit scores have been updated within the last twelve months.

	Installment (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
Boat lending
800 and above	$	8,797	$	6,608	$	3,995	$	3,775	$	3,608	$	9,778	$	36,561
750-799	34,584		32,932		17,562		15,159		11,221		37,921		149,379
700-749	13,104		14,730		6,560		5,561		3,224		14,274		57,453
650-699	2,529		2,675		1,211		1,122		1,014		3,478		12,029
600-649	351		586		280		133		345		953		2,648
550-599	—		—		—		73		123		248		444
500-549	—		—		45		9		31		195		280
Under 500	—		—		—		—		27		32		59
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	59,365	$	57,531	$	29,653	$	25,832	$	19,593	$	66,879	$	258,853
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	123	$	117	$	69	$	68	$	43	$	143	$	563
Recreational vehicle lending
800 and above	$	10,039	$	6,680	$	3,991	$	4,026	$	2,650	$	8,859	$	36,245
750-799	46,157		46,643		14,945		10,705		7,953		31,632		158,035
700-749	18,079		23,124		6,548		4,504		2,603		12,225		67,083
650-699	2,072		5,423		1,601		954		844		3,633		14,527
600-649	63		1,076		398		211		196		492		2,436
550-599	—		134		67		210		166		241		818
500-549	—		50		75		58		—		42		225
Under 500	—		66		—		10		—		4		80
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	76,410	$	83,196	$	27,625	$	20,678	$	14,412	$	57,128	$	279,449
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	167	$	179	$	61	$	48	$	33	$	121	$	609
Other
800 and above	$	2,029	$	1,355	$	1,366	$	913	$	423	$	1,734	$	7,820
750-799	12,378		9,102		5,313		3,274		1,860		8,887		40,814
700-749	7,168		6,838		3,395		1,980		1,002		5,637		26,020
650-699	22,184		3,479		1,041		752		445		2,282		30,183
600-649	323		629		152		210		165		687		2,166
550-599	39		102		29		28		50		181		429
500-549	—		6		31		55		21		104		217
Under 500	—		1		59		12		16		52		140
Unknown	658		—		—		—		—		—		658
Total	$	44,779	$	21,512	$	11,386	$	7,224	$	3,982	$	19,564	$	108,447
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	61	$	45	$	27	$	21	$	13	$	55	$	222
Total installment
800 and above	$	20,865	$	14,643	$	9,352	$	8,714	$	6,681	$	20,371	$	80,626
750-799	93,119		88,677		37,820		29,138		21,034		78,440		348,228
700-749	38,351		44,692		16,503		12,045		6,829		32,136		150,556
650-699	26,785		11,577		3,853		2,828		2,303		9,393		56,739
600-649	737		2,291		830		554		706		2,132		7,250
550-599	39		236		96		311		339		670		1,691
500-549	—		56		151		122		52		341		722
Under 500	—		67		59		22		43		88		279
Unknown	658		—		—		—		—		—		658
Total	$	180,554	$	162,239	$	68,664	$	53,734	$	37,987	$	143,571	$	646,749
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	351	$	341	$	157	$	137	$	89	$	319	$	1,394

	Installment - continued (1)
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2021
Boat lending
800 and above	$	7,513	$	5,786	$	6,015	$	4,906	$	2,968	$	4,433	$	31,621
750-799	47,434		24,968		21,052		15,681		9,797		10,971		129,903
700-749	19,180		9,724		8,263		6,467		3,109		4,953		51,696
650-699	3,845		1,679		2,301		1,223		1,166		1,378		11,592
600-649	373		419		209		327		185		604		2,117
550-599	237		81		91		113		115		191		828
500-549	—		49		—		85		—		67		201
Under 500	—		—		—		10		168		4		182
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	78,582	$	42,706	$	37,931	$	28,812	$	17,508	$	22,601	$	228,140
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	169	$	102	$	106	$	69	$	44	$	47	$	537
Recreational vehicle lending
800 and above	$	8,475	$	5,121	$	5,837	$	4,627	$	2,456	$	3,594	$	30,110
750-799	66,834		22,707		17,173		11,973		5,281		6,794		130,762
700-749	32,702		9,500		6,169		3,768		1,657		2,343		56,139
650-699	7,390		2,423		1,842		948		649		905		14,157
600-649	990		408		291		333		152		111		2,285
550-599	271		100		163		318		6		72		930
500-549	39		21		105		62		26		91		344
Under 500	—		—		11		—		—		7		18
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	116,701	$	40,280	$	31,591	$	22,029	$	10,227	$	13,917	$	234,745
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	265	$	93	$	78	$	56	$	26	$	28	$	546
Other
800 and above	$	2,328	$	1,424	$	1,493	$	882	$	357	$	695	$	7,179
750-799	13,923		9,093		6,074		3,175		2,183		2,731		37,179
700-749	10,791		5,426		3,301		1,899		906		2,194		24,517
650-699	20,167		1,715		1,249		657		561		1,332		25,681
600-649	761		368		272		190		284		357		2,232
550-599	159		42		127		167		46		154		695
500-549	8		53		56		55		38		98		308
Under 500	6		62		42		14		12		18		154
Unknown	975		—		—		—		—		—		975
Total	$	49,118	$	18,183	$	12,614	$	7,039	$	4,387	$	7,579	$	98,920
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	73	$	40	$	36	$	19	$	11	$	38	$	217
Total installment
800 and above	$	18,316	$	12,331	$	13,345	$	10,415	$	5,781	$	8,722	$	68,910
750-799	128,191		56,768		44,299		30,829		17,261		20,496		297,844
700-749	62,673		24,650		17,733		12,134		5,672		9,490		132,352
650-699	31,402		5,817		5,392		2,828		2,376		3,615		51,430
600-649	2,124		1,195		772		850		621		1,072		6,634
550-599	667		223		381		598		167		417		2,453
500-549	47		123		161		202		64		256		853
Under 500	6		62		53		24		180		29		354
Unknown	975		—		—		—		—		—		975
Total	$	244,401	$	101,169	$	82,136	$	57,880	$	32,122	$	44,097	$	561,805
Accrued interest excluded from total	$	507	$	235	$	220	$	144	$	81	$	113	$	1,300

(1)Credit scores have been updated within the last twelve months.

Foreclosed residential real estate properties included in other real estate and repossessed assets on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition totaled $0.3 million and $0.2 million at September 30, 2022 and

December 31, 2021, respectively. Retail mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements totaled $0.6 million and $0.6 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we sold $56.2 million of portfolio residential fixed rate mortgage loans servicing retained to private investors and recognized a gain on sale of $0.25 million. These transactions were done primarily for asset/liability management purposes.

5.    Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share

On December 17, 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase plan (the “Repurchase Plan”) to buy back up to 1,100,000 shares of our outstanding common stock through December 31, 2022. Shares would be repurchased through open market transactions, though we could execute repurchases through other means, such as privately negotiated transactions. The timing and amount of any share repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including, among others, securities law restrictions, the trading price of our common stock, regulatory requirements, potential alternative uses for capital, and our financial performance. During the nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 repurchases were made totaling 181,586 shares and 659,350 shares of common stock, respectively, for an aggregate purchase price of $4.0 million and $13.8 million, respectively.

A reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per common share follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Net income	$	17,297	$	15,962	$	48,265	$	50,387
Weighted average shares outstanding (1)	21,058		21,516		21,106		21,696
Stock units for deferred compensation plan for non-employee directors	139		118		134		119
Effect of stock options	30		60		43		71
Performance share units	25		32		23		32
Weighted average shares outstanding for calculation of diluted earnings per share	21,252		21,726		21,306		21,918
Net income per common share
Basic (1)	$	0.82	$	0.74	$	2.29	$	2.32
Diluted	$	0.81	$	0.73	$	2.27	$	2.30

(1)Basic net income per common share includes weighted average common shares outstanding during the period and participating share awards.

Weighted average stock options outstanding that were not considered in computing diluted net income per common share because they were anti-dilutive were zero for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

6.    Derivative Financial Instruments

We are required to record derivatives on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as assets and liabilities measured at their fair value. The accounting for increases and decreases in the value of derivatives depends upon the use of derivatives and whether the derivatives qualify for hedge accounting.

14

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Our derivative financial instruments according to the type of hedge in which they are designated follows:

	September 30, 2022
	Notional Amount		Average Maturity (years)	Fair Value
	(Dollars in thousands)
Fair value hedge designation
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial	$	6,491	6.6	$	484
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - securities available for sale	148,895		5.1	21,342
Total	$	155,386	5.2	$	21,826
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments	$	76,383	0.1	$	(6,356)
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans	73,141		0.1	2,806
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - mortgage	9,500		6.5	633
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial	258,686		5.5	18,560
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial	258,686		5.5	(18,560)
Total	$	676,396	4.3	$	(2,917)

	December 31, 2021
	Notional Amount		Average Maturity (years)	Fair Value
	(Dollars in thousands)
Fair value hedge designation
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial	$	6,753	7.4	$	(384)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - securities available for sale	148,895		5.8	4,413
Total	$	155,648	5.9	$	4,029
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments	$	129,846	0.1	$	2,140
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans	97,737		0.1	(68)
Interest rate swaption agreement	10,000		0.2	186
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial	207,080		5.7	(5,179)
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial	207,080		5.7	5,179
Interest rate cap agreements	90,000		1.3	35
Total	$	741,743	3.4	$	2,293

We have entered into a pay-fixed interest rate swap to protect a portion of the fair value of a certain fixed rate commercial loan (‘‘Fair Value Hedge – Commercial Loan’’). As a result, changes in the fair value of the pay-fixed interest rate swap is expected to offset changes in the fair value of the fixed rate commercial loan due to fluctuations in interest rates. We record the fair value of Fair Value Hedge – Commercial Loan in accrued income and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The hedged item (fixed rate commercial loan) is also recorded at fair value which offsets the adjustment to the Fair Value Hedge – Commercial Loan. On an ongoing basis, we adjust our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to reflect the then current fair value of both the Fair Value Hedge – Commercial Loan and the hedged item. The related gains or losses are reported in interest income – interest and fees on loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

15

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

We have entered into pay-fixed interest rate swaps to protect a portion of the fair value of certain securities AFS (‘‘Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities’’). As a result, the change in the fair value of the pay-fixed interest rate swaps is expected to offset a portion of the change in the fair value of the fixed rate securities AFS due to fluctuations in interest rates. We record the fair value of Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities in accrued income and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The hedged items (fixed rate securities AFS) are also recorded at fair value which offsets the adjustment to the Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities. On an ongoing basis, we adjust our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to reflect the then current fair value of both the Fair Value Hedge – AFS Securities and the hedged item. The related gains or losses are reported in interest income – interest on securities – tax-exempt in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Certain financial derivative instruments have not been designated as hedges. The fair value of these derivative financial instruments has been recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and is adjusted on an ongoing basis to reflect their then current fair value. The changes in fair value of derivative financial instruments not designated as hedges are recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into rate-lock mortgage loan commitments with customers (“Rate-Lock Commitments”). These commitments expose us to interest rate risk. We also enter into mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans (“Mandatory Commitments”) to reduce the impact of price fluctuations of mortgage loans held for sale and Rate-Lock Commitments. Mandatory Commitments help protect our loan sale profit margin from fluctuations in interest rates. The changes in the fair value of Rate-Lock Commitments and Mandatory Commitments are recognized currently as part of net gains on mortgage loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We obtain market prices on Mandatory Commitments and Rate-Lock Commitments. Net gains on mortgage loans, as well as net income may be more volatile as a result of these derivative instruments, which are not designated as hedges.

We have purchased swaption and pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements in an attempt to reduce the impact of price fluctuations of certain mortgage construction loans held for sale. The pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements are presented as “Interest rate swap agreements – mortgage” in the table above. The swaption agreement terminated during the first quarter of 2022. The changes in the fair value of the swaption and pay fixed interest rate swap agreements are recognized currently as part of net gains on mortgage loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We have a program that allows commercial loan customers to lock in a fixed rate for a longer period of time than we would normally offer for interest rate risk reasons. We will enter into a variable rate commercial loan and an interest rate swap agreement with a customer and then enter into an offsetting interest rate swap agreement with an unrelated party. The interest rate swap agreement fair values will generally move in opposite directions resulting in little or no net impact on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. All of the interest rate swap agreements - commercial in the table above with no hedge designation relate to this program.

The no hedge designation interest rate cap agreements in the table above had previously qualified for cash flow hedge accounting but were classified to a no hedge designation during 2020 and any changes in fair value since the transfers to the no hedge designation have been recognized in interest expense – other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Also in 2020 it became probable that the forecasted transactions being hedged by these interest rate cap agreements would not occur by the end of the originally specified time period and all remaining unrealized losses included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were reclassified into earnings at that time. During the second quarter of 2022 we terminated $75.0 million of interest rate caps while $15.0 million matured.

16

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The following tables illustrate the impact that the derivative financial instruments discussed above have on individual line items in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition for the periods presented:

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments

	Asset Derivatives						Liability Derivatives
	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021			September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements	Other assets	$	21,826	Other assets	$	4,413	Other liabilities	$	—	Other liabilities	$	384
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments	Other assets	—		Other assets	2,140		Other liabilities	6,356		Other liabilities	—
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans	Other assets	2,806		Other assets	—		Other liabilities	—		Other liabilities	68
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - mortgage	Other assets	633		Other assets	—		Other liabilities	—		Other liabilities	—
Interest rate swaption agreement	Other assets	—		Other assets	186		Other liabilities	—		Other liabilities	—
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial	Other assets	18,568		Other assets	165		Other liabilities	8		Other liabilities	5,344
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial	Other assets	8		Other assets	5,344		Other liabilities	18,568		Other liabilities	165
Interest rate cap agreements	Other assets	—		Other assets	35		Other liabilities	—		Other liabilities	—
		22,015			7,870			24,932			5,577
Total derivatives		$	43,841		$	12,283		$	24,932		$	5,961

17

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The effect of derivative financial instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations follows:

		Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income	Three Month Periods Ended September 30,
		2022		2021
Fair Value Hedges		(In thousands)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement - commercial	Interest and fees on loans	$	292	$	63
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement - securities available for sale	Interest on securities available for sale - tax - exempt	5,881		617
Total		$	6,173	$	680
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments	Net gains on mortgage loans	$	(1,284)	$	(821)
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans	Net gains on mortgage loans	2,250		579
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - mortgage	Net gains on mortgage loans	(650)		—
Interest rate swaption agreement	Net gains on mortgage loans	—		2
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial	Interest income	9,015		908
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial	Interest income	(9,015)		(908)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements	Interest expense	—		57
Interest rate cap agreements	Interest expense	—		(5)
Purchased options	Interest expense	—		(70)
Written options	Interest expense	—		70
Total		$	316	$	(188)

18

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

		Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income	Nine Month Periods Ended September 30,
		2022		2021
		(In thousands)
Fair Value Hedges
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement - commercial	Interest and fees on loans	$	868	$	323
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreement - securities available for sale	Interest on securities available for sale - tax - exempt	16,929		3,256
Total		$	17,797	$	3,579
No hedge designation
Rate-lock mortgage loan commitments	Net gains on mortgage loans	$	(8,496)	$	(3,485)
Mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans	Net gains on mortgage loans	2,874		1,389
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - mortgage	Net gains on mortgage loans	633		—
Interest rate swaption agreement	Net gains on mortgage loans	(186)		(25)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements - commercial	Interest income	23,739		3,735
Pay-variable interest rate swap agreements - commercial	Interest income	(23,739)		(3,735)
Pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements	Interest expense	—		295
Interest rate cap agreements	Interest expense	245		6
Purchased options	Interest expense	—		(41)
Written options	Interest expense	—		41
Total		$	(4,930)	$	(1,820)

7.    Goodwill and Other Intangibles

The following table summarizes intangible assets, net of amortization:

	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
	(In thousands)
Amortized intangible assets - core deposits	$	11,916	$	9,219	$	11,916	$	8,580
Unamortized intangible assets - goodwill	$	28,300			$	28,300

19

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

A summary of estimated core deposits intangible amortization at September 30, 2022 follows:

	(In thousands)
Three months ending December 31, 2022	146
2023	547
2024	516
2025	487
2026	460
2027 and thereafter	541
Total	$	2,697

8.    Share Based Compensation

We maintain share based payment plans that include a non-employee director stock purchase plan and a long-term incentive plan that permits the issuance of share based compensation, including stock options and non-vested share awards. The long-term incentive plan, which is shareholder approved, permits the grant of additional share based awards for up to 0.6 million shares of common stock as of September 30, 2022. The non-employee director stock purchase plan permits the issuance of additional share based payments for up to 0.1 million shares of common stock as of September 30, 2022. Share based awards and payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant and are expensed over the requisite service period. Common shares issued upon exercise of stock options come from currently authorized but unissued shares.

A summary of restricted stock and performance stock units (“PSU”) granted pursuant to our long-term incentive plan follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Restricted stock	2,000	—	60,787	85,584
PSU	—	—	19,748	23,981

The shares of restricted stock and PSUs shown in the above table cliff vest after a period of three years. The performance criteria of the PSUs is split evenly between a comparison of (i) our total shareholder return and (ii) our return on average assets each over the three year period starting on the grant date to these same criteria over that period to an index of our banking peers.

Our directors may elect to receive all or a portion of their cash retainer fees in the form of common stock (either on a current basis or on a deferred basis) pursuant to the non-employee director stock purchase plan referenced above. Shares equal in value to that portion of each director’s fees that he or she has elected to receive in stock on a current basis are issued each quarter and vest immediately. Shares issued on a deferred basis are credited at the rate of 90% of the current fair value of our common stock and vest immediately. During the nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 we issued 0.013 million and 0.014 million shares, respectively and expensed their value during those same periods.

Total compensation expense recognized for grants pursuant to our long-term incentive plan was $0.4 million and $1.3 million during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and was $0.4 million and $1.2 million during the same periods in 2021, respectively. The corresponding tax benefit relating to this expense was $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively and $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the same periods in 2021. Total expense recognized for non-employee director share based payments was $0.09 million and $0.28 million during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and was $0.09 million and $0.28 million during the same periods in 2021, respectively. The corresponding tax benefit relating to this expense was $0.02 million and $0.06 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively and $0.02 million and $0.06 million during the same periods in 2021.

20

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

At September 30, 2022, the total expected compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock and PSUs not yet recognized was $2.8 million. The weighted-average period over which this amount will be recognized is 1.9 years.

A summary of outstanding stock option grants and related transactions follows:

	Number of Shares	Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregated Intrinsic Value
					(In thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2022	80,839	$	5.76
Granted	—
Exercised	(39,532)	3.14
Forfeited	—
Expired	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2022	41,307	$	8.27	1.7	$	449
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2022	41,307	$	8.27	1.7	$	449
Exercisable at September 30, 2022	41,307	$	8.27	1.7	$	449

A summary of outstanding non-vested restricted stock and PSUs and related transactions follows:

	Number of Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2022	234,226	$	21.64
Granted	80,535	26.22
Vested	(55,875)	22.92
Forfeited	(12,888)	22.19
Outstanding at September 30, 2022	245,998	$	22.82

Certain information regarding options exercised during the periods follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Intrinsic value	$	322	$	19	$	746	$	720
Cash proceeds received	$	52	$	5	$	124	$	109
Tax benefit realized	$	68	$	4	$	157	$	151

9.    Income Tax

Income tax expense was $4.0 million and $3.7 million during the three month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $10.9 million and $11.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our actual federal income tax expense is different than the amount computed by applying our statutory income tax rate to our income before income tax primarily due to tax-exempt interest income and tax-exempt income from the increase in the cash surrender value on life insurance. In addition, the three and nine month periods ending September 30, 2022 include reductions of $0.06 million and $0.14 million, respectively, of income tax expense related to the impact of the excess value of stock awards that vested and stock options that were exercised as compared to the initial fair values that were expensed. These amounts during the same periods in 2021 were $0.003 million and $0.168 million, respectively.

21

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. The ultimate realization of this asset is primarily based on generating future income. We concluded at September 30, 2022, September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2021 that the realization of substantially all of our deferred tax assets continues to be more likely than not.

At both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had approximately $0.2 million, respectively, of gross unrecognized tax benefits. We do not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase or decrease during the remainder of 2022.

10.    Regulatory Matters

Capital guidelines adopted by federal and state regulatory agencies and restrictions imposed by law limit the amount of cash dividends our Bank can pay to us. Under these guidelines, the amount of dividends that may be paid in any calendar year is limited to the Bank’s current year net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years. Further, the Bank cannot pay a dividend at any time that it has negative undivided profits. As of September 30, 2022, the Bank had positive undivided profits of $127.0 million. It is not our intent to have dividends paid in amounts that would reduce the capital of our Bank to levels below those which we consider prudent or that would not be in accordance with guidelines of regulatory authorities.

We are also subject to various regulatory capital requirements. The prompt corrective action regulations establish quantitative measures to ensure capital adequacy and require minimum amounts and ratios of total, Tier 1, and common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and Tier 1 capital to average assets. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory, and possibly discretionary, actions by regulators that could have a material effect on our interim condensed consolidated financial statements. In addition, capital adequacy rules include a common equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets that applies to all supervised financial institutions. To avoid limits on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments we must meet the minimum ratio for adequately capitalized institutions plus the buffer. Under capital adequacy guidelines, we must meet specific capital requirements that involve quantitative measures as well as qualitative judgments by the regulators. The most recent regulatory filings as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, categorized our Bank as well capitalized. Management is not aware of any conditions or events that would have changed the most recent Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) categorization.

22

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Our actual capital amounts and ratios follow (1):

	Actual				Minimum for Adequately Capitalized Institutions				Minimum for Well-Capitalized Institutions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2022
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	524,440	13.58	%	$	309,062	8.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	469,579		12.17		308,743		8.00		$	385,929	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	436,130	11.29	%	$	231,796	6.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	421,318		10.92		231,558		6.00		$	308,743	8.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	397,711	10.29	%	$	173,847	4.50	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	421,318		10.92		173,668		4.50		$	250,854	6.50	%
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Consolidated	$	436,130	8.77	%	$	198,874	4.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	421,318		8.47		198,893		4.00		$	248,616	5.00	%
December 31, 2021
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	488,495	14.53	%	$	268,991	8.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	438,352		13.05		268,808		8.00		$	336,011	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	406,645	12.09	%	$	201,743	6.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	396,351		11.80		201,606		6.00		$	268,808	8.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Consolidated	$	368,277	10.95	%	$	151,307	4.50	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	396,351		11.80		151,205		4.50		$	218,407	6.50	%
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Consolidated	$	406,645	8.79	%	$	185,034	4.00	%	NA		NA
Independent Bank	396,351		8.57		185,077		4.00		$	231,347	5.00	%

_______________________________________

(1) These ratios do not reflect a capital conservation buffer of 2.50% at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

NA - Not applicable

23

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The components of our regulatory capital are as follows:

	Consolidated				Independent Bank
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(In thousands)
Total shareholders' equity	$	332,308	$	398,484	$	355,915	$	426,558
Add (deduct)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for regulatory purposes	91,248		(6,298)		91,248		(6,298)
Goodwill and other intangibles	(30,997)		(31,636)		(30,997)		(31,636)
CECL (1)	5,152		7,727		5,152		7,727
Common equity tier 1 capital	397,711		368,277		421,318		396,351
Qualifying trust preferred securities	38,419		38,368		—		—
Tier 1 capital	436,130		406,645		421,318		396,351
Subordinated debt	40,000		40,000		—		—
Allowance for credit losses and allowance for unfunded lending commitments limited to 1.25% of total risk-weighted assets	48,310		41,850		48,261		42,001
Total risk-based capital	$	524,440	$	488,495	$	469,579	$	438,352

(1) We elected the three year CECL transition method for regulatory purposes.

11.    Fair Value Disclosures

FASB ASC topic 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. Level 1 instruments include securities traded on active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange, as well as U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets.

Level 2: Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Level 2 instruments include securities traded in less active dealer or broker markets.

Level 3: Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

We used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:

Securities: Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified as Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. We currently do not have any Level 1 securities. If quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by (1) using quoted market prices of securities with similar characteristics, (2) matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices, or (3) a discounted cash flow analysis whose significant fair value inputs can generally be verified and do

24

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

not typically involve judgment by management. These securities are classified as Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy and primarily include agency securities, private label mortgage-backed securities, other asset backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, trust preferred securities, corporate securities and foreign government securities.

Loans held for sale: The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale, carried at fair value is based on agency cash window loan pricing for comparable assets (recurring Level 2).

Collateral dependent loans with specific loss allocations based on collateral value: From time to time, certain collateral dependent loans will have an ACL established. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an appraised value or when an appraised value is not available we record the collateral dependent loan as nonrecurring Level 3. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments can be significant and thus will typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Other real estate: At the time of acquisition, other real estate is recorded at fair value, less estimated costs to sell, which becomes the property’s new basis. Subsequent write-downs to reflect declines in value since the time of acquisition may occur from time to time and are recorded in net gains on other real estate and repossessed assets, which is part of non-interest expense - other in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair value of the property used at and subsequent to the time of acquisition is typically determined by a third party appraisal of the property. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments can be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for both collateral-dependent loans and other real estate are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by us. Once received, an independent third party, or a member of our Collateral Evaluation Department (for commercial properties), or a member of our Special Assets Group (for residential properties) reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. We compare the actual selling price of collateral that has been sold to the most recent appraised value of our properties to determine what additional adjustment, if any, should be made to the appraisal value to arrive at fair value. For commercial and residential properties we typically discount an appraisal to account for various factors that the appraisal excludes in its assumptions. These additional discounts generally do not result in material adjustments to the appraised value.

Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights: The fair value of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights is based on a valuation model used by an independent third party that calculates the present value of estimated net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income. Certain model assumptions are generally unobservable and are based upon the best information available including data relating to our own servicing portfolio, reviews of mortgage servicing assumption and valuation surveys and input from various mortgage servicers and, therefore, are recorded as Level 3. Management evaluates the third party valuation for reasonableness each quarter as part of our financial reporting control processes.

Derivatives: The fair value of rate-lock mortgage loan commitments is based on agency cash window loan pricing for comparable assets and the fair value of mandatory commitments to sell mortgage loans is based on mortgage backed security pricing for comparable assets (recurring Level 2). The fair value of interest rate swap, interest rate cap and swaption agreements are derived from proprietary models which utilize current market data. The significant fair value inputs can generally be observed in the market place and do not typically involve judgment by management (recurring Level 2).

25

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value, including financial assets for which we have elected the fair value option, were as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value Measure- ments		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Un- observable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022:
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets
Securities available for sale
U.S. agency	$	12,461	$	—	$	12,461	$	—
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	93,335		—		93,335		—
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	14,334		—		14,334		—
Private label mortgage-backed	96,253		—		96,253		—
Other asset backed	214,038		—		214,038		—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	294,629		—		294,629		—
Corporate	77,804		—		77,804		—
Trust preferred	919		—		919		—
Foreign government	499		—		499		—
Loans held for sale, carried at fair value	9,091		—		9,091		—
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	43,158		—		—		43,158
Derivatives (1)	43,841		—		43,841		—
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)	24,932		—		24,932		—
Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis:
Assets
Collateral dependent loans (3)
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	200		—		—		200
Commercial real estate	55		—		—		55
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	750		—		—		750
1-4 family non-owner occupied	50		—		—		50
1-4 family - 2nd lien	169		—		—		169
Resort lending	25		—		—		25
Installment
Boat lending	35		—		—		35
Recreational vehicle lending	46		—		—		46
Other	76		—		—		76

_________________________________

(1)Included in accrued income and other assets

(2)Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities

(3)Only includes individually evaluated loans with specific loss allocations based on collateral value.

26

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value Measure- ments		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Un- observable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2021:
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets
Securities available for sale
U.S. agency	$	34,674	$	—	$	34,674	$	—
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed	307,985		—		307,985		—
U.S. agency commercial mortgage-backed	22,926		—		22,926		—
Private label mortgage-backed	102,615		—		102,615		—
Other asset backed	216,170		—		216,170		—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	576,076		—		576,076		—
Corporate	149,959		—		149,959		—
Trust preferred	1,919		—		1,919		—
Foreign government	506		—		506		—
Loans held for sale, carried at fair value	55,470		—		55,470		—
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	26,232		—		—		26,232
Derivatives (1)	12,283		—		12,283		—
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)	5,961		—		5,961		—
Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis:
Assets
Collateral dependent loans (3)
Commercial
Commercial and industrial	274		—		—		274
Commercial real estate	65		—		—		65
Mortgage
1-4 family owner occupied - non-jumbo	516		—		—		516
1-4 family non-owner occupied	130		—		—		130
1-4 family - 2nd lien	121		—		—		121
Resort lending	77		—		—		77
Installment
Boat lending	51		—		—		51
Recreational vehicle lending	77		—		—		77
Other	45		—		—		45

_________________________________

(1)Included in accrued income and other assets

(2)Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities

(3)Only includes impaired loans with specific loss allocations based on collateral value.

27

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Changes in fair values for financial assets which we have elected the fair value option for the periods presented were as follows:

	Changes in Fair Values for the Nine- Month Periods Ended September 30 for items Measured at Fair Value Pursuant to Election of the Fair Value Option
	Net Gains on Assets		Mortgage Loan Servicing, net		Total Change in Fair Values Included in Current Period Earnings
	Mortgage Loans
	(In thousands)
2022
Loans held for sale	$	(1,518)	$	—	$	(1,518)
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	—		11,689		11,689
2021
Loans held for sale	(2,299)		—		(2,299)
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	—		(1,333)		(1,333)

For those items measured at fair value pursuant to our election of the fair value option, interest income is recorded within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the contractual amount of interest income earned on these financial assets and dividend income is recorded based on cash dividends received.

The following represent impairment charges recognized during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 relating to assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

•Loans that are individually evaluated using the fair value of collateral for collateral dependent loans had a carrying amount of $1.4 million, which is net of a valuation allowance of $0.7 million at September 30, 2022, and had a carrying amount of $1.4 million, which is net of a valuation allowance of $0.6 million at December 31, 2021. The provision for credit losses included in our results of operations relating to collateral dependent loans was a net expense of $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the three month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and a net expense of $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the nine month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

•Other real estate, which is measured using the fair value of the property, had a carrying amount of zero which is net of a valuation allowance of $0.03 million, at December 31, 2021. We did not have any other real estate measured using the fair value of property at September 30, 2022. Charges included in our results of operations relating to other real estate measured at fair value were all zero during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

28

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

A reconciliation for all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) follows:

	Capitalized Mortgage Loan Servicing Rights
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Beginning balance	$	39,477	$	22,431	$	26,232	$	16,904
Total gains (losses) realized and unrealized:
Included in results of operations	2,093		(752)		11,689		(1,333)
Included in other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—
Purchases, issuances, settlements, maturities and calls	1,588		2,529		5,237		8,637
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3	—		—		—		—
Ending balance	$	43,158	$	24,208	$	43,158	$	24,208
Amount of total gains (losses) for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets and liabilities still held at September 30	$	2,093	$	(752)	$	11,689	$	(1,333)

The fair value of our capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights has been determined based on a valuation model used by an independent third party as discussed above. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are discount rate, cost to service, ancillary income, float rate and prepayment rate. Significant changes in all five of these assumptions in isolation would result in significant changes to the value of our capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights. Quantitative information about our Level 3 fair value measurements measured on a recurring basis follows:

	Asset Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range		Weighted Average
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	$	43,158	Present value of net servicing revenue	Discount rate	10.00% to 15.39%		10.12		%
				Cost to service	$67 to $194		$	77
				Ancillary income	20 to 35		21
				Float rate	4.14	%	4.14		%
				Prepayment rate	7.03% to 31.31%		7.74		%
December 31, 2021
Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights	$	26,232	Present value of net servicing revenue	Discount rate	10.00% to 13.00%		10.07		%
				Cost to service	$67 to $281		$	78
				Ancillary income	20 to 30		21
				Float rate	1.36	%	1.36		%
				Prepayment rate	7.02% to 44.21%		13.92%

29

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements measured on a non-recurring basis follows:

	Asset Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range	Weighted Average
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
Collateral dependent loans
Commercial	$	255	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	0.0% to 12.0%	1.2	%
Mortgage and Installment(1)	1,151		Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	(73.3) to 65.2	(2.2)
December 31, 2021
Collateral dependent loans
Commercial	$	339	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	(12.5)% to 12.0%	1.5	%
Mortgage and Installment(1)	1,017		Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	(30.1) to 29.3	0.2

(1) In addition to the valuation techniques and unobservable inputs discussed above, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 certain collateral dependent installment loans totaling approximately $0.16 million and $0.17 million, respectively, are secured by collateral other than real estate. For the majority of these loans, we apply internal discount rates to industry valuation guides.

The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding for loans held for sale for which the fair value option has been elected for the periods presented.

	Aggregate Fair Value		Difference		Contractual Principal
	(In thousands)
Loans held for sale
September 30, 2022	$	9,091	$	(467)	$	9,558
December 31, 2021	55,470		1,051		54,419

12.    Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Most of our assets and liabilities are considered financial instruments. Many of these financial instruments lack an available trading market and it is our general practice and intent to hold the majority of our financial instruments to maturity. Significant estimates and assumptions were used to determine the fair value of financial instruments. These estimates are subjective in nature, involving uncertainties and matters of judgment, and therefore, fair values may not be a precise estimate. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Estimated fair values have been determined using available data and methodologies that are considered suitable for each category of financial instrument. For instruments with adjustable interest rates which reprice frequently and without significant credit risk, it is presumed that estimated fair values approximate the recorded book balances.

30

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The estimated recorded book balances and fair values follow:

					Fair Value Using
	Recorded Book Balance		Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Un- observable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	57,059	$	57,059	$	57,059	$	—	$	—
Interest bearing deposits	13,573		13,573		13,573		—		—
Securities available for sale	804,272		804,272		—		804,272		—
Securities held to maturity	379,429		341,129		—		341,129		—
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal
Reserve Bank Stock	17,653		NA		NA		NA		NA
Net loans and loans held for sale	3,367,807		3,007,609		—		9,091		2,998,518
Accrued interest receivable	14,613		14,613		3		6,133		8,477
Derivative financial instruments	43,841		43,841		—		43,841		—
Liabilities
Deposits with no stated maturity (1)	$	3,919,893	$	3,919,893	$	3,919,893	$	—	$	—
Deposits with stated maturity (1)	407,135		400,149		—		400,149		—
Other borrowings	86,707		86,707		—		86,707		—
Subordinated debt	39,414		41,106		—		41,106		—
Subordinated debentures	39,643		39,245		—		39,245		—
Accrued interest payable	1,458		1,458		201		1,257		—
Derivative financial instruments	24,932		24,932		—		24,932		—
December 31, 2021
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	51,069	$	51,069	$	51,069	$	—	$	—
Interest bearing deposits	58,404		58,404		58,404		—		—
Securities available for sale	1,412,830		1,412,830		—		1,412,830		—
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal
Reserve Bank Stock	18,427		NA		NA		NA		NA
Net loans and loans held for sale	2,948,074		2,931,079		35,233		55,470		2,840,376
Accrued interest receivable	12,865		12,865		1		6,028		6,836
Derivative financial instruments	12,283		12,283		—		12,283		—
Liabilities
Deposits with no stated maturity (1)	$	3,781,298	$	3,781,298	$	3,781,298	$	—	$	—
Deposits with stated maturity (1)	335,792		336,006		—		336,006		—
Other borrowings	30,009		30,155		—		30,155		—
Subordinated debt	39,357		44,999		—		44,999		—
Subordinated debentures	39,592		33,866		—		33,866		—
Accrued interest payable	497		497		67		430		—
Derivative financial instruments	5,961		5,961		—		5,961		—

(1) Deposits with no stated maturity include reciprocal deposits with a recorded book balance of $585.707 million and $562.210 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Deposits with a stated maturity include reciprocal deposits with a recorded book balance of $30.728 million and $24.416 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

31

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

The fair values for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are estimated to approximate their aggregate book balance, which is nominal and therefore are not disclosed.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale the entire holdings of a particular financial instrument.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business, the value of future earnings attributable to off-balance sheet activities and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments.

Fair value estimates for deposit accounts do not include the value of the core deposit intangible asset resulting from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.

13.    Contingencies

Pressures from heightened inflation, increased interest rates, rising energy prices, supply chain disruptions, concerns over the Russia-Ukraine war, and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations have created, and continue to create, significant economic uncertainty. Inflation remains elevated, exceeding an annual rate of 8.0% in the third quarter of 2022, well above the Federal Reserve Board’s target inflation rate. In September 2022, the Federal Reserve Board raised interest rates by 75 basis points for the third consecutive time in order to combat inflation, and officials expect rates to continue to rise into 2023. Further, the Russia-Ukraine war and related events are likely to create additional pressure on inflation and economic activity. The resulting responses by the U.S. and other countries (including the imposition of economic sanctions and export restrictions), and the potential for wider conflict has increased volatility and uncertainty in global financial markets, and could result in significant market disruptions, including in our customers’ industries or sectors.

The extent to which these pressures may impact our business, results of operations, asset valuations, financial condition, and customers will depend on future developments, which continue to be highly uncertain and difficult to predict. Material adverse impacts may include all or a combination of valuation impairments on our intangible assets, securities available for sale, securities held to maturity, loans, capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights or deferred tax assets.

At September 30, 2022, we had no commercial loans in forbearance. We continue to closely monitor and analyze the higher risk segments within our portfolio, and senior management is cautiously optimistic that we are positioned to continue managing the impact of the varied set of risks and uncertainties currently impacting the global economy. However, a high degree of uncertainty still exists with respect to the impact of the fluid global economic conditions on the future performance of our loan portfolio.

Litigation

We are involved in various litigation matters in the ordinary course of business. At the present time, we do not believe any of these matters will have a significant impact on our interim condensed consolidated financial position or results of operations. The aggregate amount we have accrued for losses we consider probable as a result of these litigation matters is immaterial. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of outcomes from any litigation matter, we believe it is reasonably possible we may incur losses in addition to the amounts we have accrued. At this time, we estimate the maximum amount of additional losses that are reasonably possible is insignificant. However, because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages, this maximum amount may change in the future.

The litigation matters described in the preceding paragraph primarily include claims that have been brought against us for damages, but do not include litigation matters where we seek to collect amounts owed to us by third parties (such as litigation initiated to collect delinquent loans). These excluded, collection-related matters may involve claims or counterclaims by the opposing party or parties, but we have excluded such matters from the disclosure contained in the preceding paragraph in all cases where we believe the possibility of us paying damages to any opposing party is remote.

Visa Stock

We own 12,566 shares of VISA Class B common stock. At the present time, these shares can only be sold to other Class B shareholders. As a result, there has generally been limited transfer activity in private transactions between buyers and sellers. Given the limited activity that we have become aware of and the continuing uncertainty regarding the likelihood, ultimate timing and eventual exchange rate for Class B shares into Class A shares, we continue to carry these shares at

32

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

zero, representing cost basis less impairment. However, given the current conversion ratio of 1.6059 Class A shares for every 1 Class B share and the closing price of VISA Class A shares on October 27, 2022 of $204.29 per share, our 12,566 Class B shares would have a current “value” of approximately $4.1 million. We continue to monitor Class B trading activity and the status of the resolution of certain litigation matters at VISA that would trigger the conversion of Class B common shares into Class A common shares, which would not have any trading restrictions.

33

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

14.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCIL”)

A summary of changes in AOCIL follows:

	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities AFS		Unrealized Losses on Securities Transferred to Securities HTM (1)		Dispropor- tionate Tax Effects from Securities AFS		Total
	(In thousands)
For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Balances at beginning of period	$	(59,335)	$	(19,870)	$	(5,798)	$	(85,003)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(12,895)		853		—		(12,042)
Amounts reclassified from AOCIL	—		—		—		—
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	(12,895)		853		—		(12,042)
Balances at end of period	$	(72,230)	$	(19,017)	$	(5,798)	$	(97,045)
2021
Balances at beginning of period	$	14,214	$	—	$	(5,798)	$	8,416
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(1,322)		—		—		(1,322)
Amounts reclassified from AOCIL	4		—		—		4
Net current period other comprehensive loss	(1,318)		—		—		(1,318)
Balances at end of period	$	12,896	$	—	$	(5,798)	$	7,098
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Balances at beginning of period	$	6,299	$	—	$	(5,798)	$	501
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(78,312)		(19,017)		—		(97,329)
Amounts reclassified from AOCIL	(217)		—		—		(217)
Net current period other comprehensive loss	(78,529)		(19,017)		—		(97,546)
Balances at end of period	$	(72,230)	$	(19,017)	$	(5,798)	$	(97,045)
2021
Balances at beginning of period	$	15,822	$	—	$	(5,798)	$	10,024
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(4,049)		—		—		(4,049)
Amounts reclassified from AOCIL	1,123		—		—		1,123
Net current period other comprehensive loss	(2,926)		—		—		(2,926)
Balances at end of period	$	12,896	$	—	$	(5,798)	$	7,098

(1)Represents the remaining unrealized loss to be accreted on securities that were transferred from AFS to HTM on April 1, 2022.

The disproportionate tax effects from securities AFS arose due to tax effects of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in the presence of a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets and a pretax loss from operations. Generally, the amount of income tax expense or benefit allocated to operations is determined without regard to the tax effects of other categories of income or loss, such as OCI. However, an exception to the general rule is provided when, in the presence of a valuation

34

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

allowance against deferred tax assets, there is a pretax loss from operations and pretax income from other categories in the current period. In such instances, income from other categories must offset the current loss from operations, the tax benefit of such offset being reflected in operations. Release of material disproportionate tax effects from other comprehensive income to earnings is done by the portfolio method whereby the effects will remain in AOCIL as long as we carry a more than inconsequential portfolio of securities AFS.

A summary of reclassifications out of each component of AOCIL for the three months ended September 30 follows:

AOCIL Component	Amount Reclassified From AOCIL		Affected Line Item in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
	(In thousands)
2022
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale
	$	—	Net gains (losses) on securities available for sale
	—		Income tax expense
	$	—	Reclassifications, net of tax
2021
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale
	$	5	Net gains (losses) on securities available for sale
	1		Income tax expense
	$	4	Reclassifications, net of tax

A summary of reclassifications out of each component of AOCIL for the nine months ended September 30 follows:

AOCIL Component	Amount Reclassified From AOCIL		Affected Line Item in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
	(In thousands)
2022
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale
	$	(275)	Net gains (losses) on securities available for sale
	(58)		Income tax expense
	$	(217)	Reclassifications, net of tax
2021
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale
	$	1,421	Net gains (losses) on securities available for sale
	298		Income tax expense
	$	1,123	Reclassifications, net of tax

35

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

15.    Revenue from Contracts with Customers

We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We derive the majority of our revenue from financial instruments and their related contractual rights and obligations which for the most part are excluded from the scope of this topic. These sources of revenue that are excluded from the scope of this topic include interest income, net gains on mortgage loans, net gains (losses) on securities AFS, mortgage loan servicing, net and bank owned life insurance and were approximately 83.7% and 85.1% of total revenues for the nine month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Material sources of revenue that are included in the scope of this topic include service charges on deposit accounts, other deposit related income, interchange income and investment and insurance commissions and are discussed in the following paragraphs. Generally these sources of revenue are earned at the time the service is delivered or over the course of a monthly period and do not result in any contract asset or liability balance at any given period end. As a result, there were no contract assets or liabilities recorded as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Service charges on deposit accounts and other deposit related income: Revenues are earned on depository accounts for commercial and retail customers and include fees for transaction-based, account maintenance and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which includes services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges and ACH fees are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the time we fulfill our customer’s request. Account maintenance fees, which includes monthly maintenance services are earned over the course of a month representing the period over which the performance obligation is satisfied. Our obligation for overdraft services is satisfied at the time of the overdraft.

Interchange income: Interchange income primarily includes debit card interchange and network revenues. Debit card interchange and network revenues are earned on debit card transactions conducted through payment networks such as MasterCard, NYCE (during 2021) and Accel. Interchange income is recognized concurrently with the delivery of services on a daily basis. Interchange and network revenues are presented gross of interchange expenses, which are presented separately as a component of non-interest expense.

Investment and insurance commissions: Investment and insurance commissions include fees and commissions from asset management, custody, recordkeeping, investment advisory and other services provided to our customers. Revenue is recognized on an accrual basis at the time the services are performed and is generally based on either the market value of the assets managed or the services provided. We have an agent relationship with a third party provider of these services and net certain direct costs charged by the third party provider associated with providing these services to our customers.

Net (gains) losses on other real estate and repossessed assets: We record a gain or loss from the sale of other real estate when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. If we were to finance the sale of other real estate to the buyer, we would assess whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction is probable. Once these criteria are met, the other real estate asset would be derecognized and the gain or loss on sale would be recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. There were no other real estate properties sold during the nine month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021 that were financed by us.

36

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Disaggregation of our revenue sources by attribute follows:

Three months ending September 30, 2022
	Service Charges on Deposit Accounts		Other Deposit Related Income		Interchange Income		Investment and Insurance Commissions		Total
	(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees	$	2,492	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,492
Account service charges	436		—		—		—		436
ATM fees	—		318		—		—		318
Other	—		239		—		—		239
Business
Overdraft fees	154		—		—		—		154
ATM fees	—		8		—		—		8
Other	—		79		—		—		79
Interchange income	—		—		4,049		—		4,049
Asset management revenue	—		—		—		433		433
Transaction based revenue	—		—		—		316		316
Total	$	3,082	$	644	$	4,049	$	749	$	8,524
Reconciliation to Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
Non-interest income - other:
Other deposit related income									$	644
Investment and insurance commissions									749
Bank owned life insurance (1)									59
Other (1)									1,138
Total									$	2,590

(1)Excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 606.

37

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Three months ending September 30, 2021
	Service Charges on Deposit Accounts		Other Deposit Related Income		Interchange Income		Investment and Insurance Commissions		Total
	(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees	$	2,699	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,699
Account service charges	107		—		—		—		107
ATM fees	—		336		—		—		336
Other	—		179		—		—		179
Business
Overdraft fees	138		—		—		—		138
ATM fees	—		8		—		—		8
Other	—		79		—		—		79
Interchange income	—		—		4,237		—		4,237
Asset management revenue	—		—		—		444		444
Transaction based revenue	—		—		—		234		234
Total	$	2,944	$	602	$	4,237	$	678	$	8,461
Reconciliation to Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
Non-interest income - other:
Other deposit related income									$	602
Investment and insurance commissions									678
Bank owned life insurance (1)									145
Other (1)									1,452
Total									$	2,877

(1)Excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 606.

38

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Nine months ending September 30, 2022
	Service Charges on Deposit Accounts		Other Deposit Related Income		Interchange Income		Investment and Insurance Commissions		Total
	(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees	$	7,497	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,497
Account service charges	1,209		—		—		—		1,209
ATM fees	—		905		—		—		905
Other	—		727		—		—		727
Business
Overdraft fees	429		—		—		—		429
ATM fees	—		22		—		—		22
Other	—		237		—		—		237
Interchange income	—		—		10,553		—		10,553
Asset management revenue	—		—		—		1,355		1,355
Transaction based revenue	—		—		—		814		814
Total	$	9,135	$	1,891	$	10,553	$	2,169	$	23,748
Reconciliation to Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
Non-interest income - other:
Other deposit related income									$	1,891
Investment and insurance commissions									2,169
Bank owned life insurance (1)									302
Other (1)									3,635
Total									$	7,997

(1)Excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 606.

39

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

Nine months ending September 30, 2021
	Service Charges on Deposit Accounts		Other Deposit Related Income		Interchange Income		Investment and Insurance Commissions		Total
	(In thousands)
Retail
Overdraft fees	$	5,746	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,746
Account service charges	950		—		—		—		950
ATM fees	—		817		—		—		817
Other	—		552		—		—		552
Business
Overdraft fees	482		—		—		—		482
ATM fees	—		18		—		—		18
Other	—		238		—		—		238
Interchange income	—		—		10,739		—		10,739
Asset management revenue	—		—		—		1,227		1,227
Transaction based revenue	—		—		—		668		668
Total	$	7,178	$	1,625	$	10,739	$	1,895	$	21,437
Reconciliation to Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:
Non-interest income - other:
Other deposit related income									$	1,625
Investment and insurance commissions									1,895
Bank owned life insurance (1)									411
Other (1)									2,847
Total									$	6,778

(1)Excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 606.

16.    Leases

We have entered into leases in the normal course of business primarily for office facilities, some of which include renewal options and escalation clauses. Certain leases also include both lease components (fixed payments including rent, taxes and insurance costs) and non-lease components (common area or other maintenance costs) which are accounted for as a single lease component as we have elected the practical expedient to group lease and non-lease components together for all leases. We have also elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of 12 months or less (short-term leases) on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Most of our leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is typically at our sole discretion and are included in our right of use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities if they are reasonably certain of exercise.

Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date (we did not have any finance leases as of September 30, 2022). Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of the lease payment over the lease term.

40

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(Unaudited)

As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments.

The cost components of our operating leases follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	410	$	424	$	1,233	$	1,259
Variable lease cost	25		15		66		46
Short-term lease cost	20		17		57		47
Total	$	455	$	456	$	1,356	$	1,352

Variable lease costs consist primarily of taxes, insurance, and common area or other maintenance costs for our leased facilities.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to our operating leases follows:

	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	(Dollars in thousands)
Lease right of use asset (1)	$	6,082		$	6,481
Lease liabilities (2)	$	6,173		$	6,602
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	5.96			6.50
Weighted average discount rate	2.4		%	2.3		%

(1)Included in Accrued income and other assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

(2)Included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Maturity analysis of our lease liabilities at September 30, 2022 based on required contractual payments follows:

	(In thousands)
Three months ending December 31, 2022	$	428
2023	1,527
2024	1,026
2025	970
2026	801
2027 and thereafter	1,832
Total lease payments	6,584
Less imputed interest	(411)
Total	$	6,173

41

ITEM 2.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Introduction. The following section presents additional information to assess the financial condition and results of operations of Independent Bank Corporation (“IBCP”), its wholly-owned bank, Independent Bank (the “Bank”), and their subsidiaries. This section should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We also encourage you to read our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). That report includes a list of risk factors that you should consider in connection with any decision to buy or sell our securities.

Overview. We provide banking services to customers located primarily in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. We also have a loan production office in Fairlawn, Ohio. As a result, our success depends to a great extent upon the economic conditions in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula.

Recent Developments. Pressures from heightened inflation, increased interest rates, rising energy prices, supply chain disruptions, concerns over the Russia-Ukraine war, and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations have created, and continue to create, significant economic uncertainty. Inflation remains elevated, exceeding an annual rate of 8.0% in the third quarter of 2022, well above the Federal Reserve Board’s target inflation rate. In September 2022, the Federal Reserve Board raised interest rates by 75 basis points for the third consecutive time in order to combat inflation, and officials expect rates to continue to rise into 2023. Further, the Russia-Ukraine war and related events are likely to create additional pressure on inflation and economic activity. The resulting responses by the U.S. and other countries (including the imposition of economic sanctions and export restrictions), and the potential for wider conflict has increased volatility and uncertainty in global financial markets, and could result in significant market disruptions, including in our customers’ industries or sectors.

The extent to which these pressures may impact our business, results of operations, asset valuations, financial condition, and customers will depend on future developments, which continue to be highly uncertain and difficult to predict. Material adverse impacts may include all or a combination of valuation impairments on our intangible assets, securities available for sale ("AFS"), securities held to maturity ("HTM"), loans, capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights or deferred tax assets.

It is against this backdrop that we discuss our results of operations and financial condition in the first three quarters of 2022 as compared to earlier periods.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Summary. We recorded net income of $17.3 million and $16.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in 2022 third quarter results as compared to 2021 is primarily due to an increase in net-interest income and a decrease in non-interest expense that were partially offset by a decrease in non-interest income and increases in the provision for credit losses and income tax expense.

We recorded net income of $48.3 million and $50.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in 2022 year-to-date results as compared to 2021 is primarily due to an increase in the provision for credit losses and a decrease in non-interest income that was partially offset by an increase in net-interest income and a decrease in non-interest expense and income tax expense.

42

Key performance ratios

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Net income (annualized) to
Average assets	1.40		%	1.40		%	1.35		%	1.53		%
Average shareholders’ equity	20.48		%	15.93		%	18.56		%	17.32		%
Net income per common share
Basic	$	0.82		$	0.74		$	2.29		$	2.32
Diluted	0.81			0.73			2.27			2.30

Net interest income. Net interest income is the most important source of our earnings and thus is critical in evaluating our results of operations. Changes in our net interest income are primarily influenced by our level of interest-earning assets and the income or yield that we earn on those assets and the manner and cost of funding our interest-earning assets. Certain macro-economic factors can also influence our net interest income such as the level and direction of interest rates, the difference between short-term and long-term interest rates (the steepness of the yield curve) and the general strength of the economies in which we are doing business. Finally, risk management plays an important role in our level of net interest income. The ineffective management of credit risk and interest-rate risk in particular can adversely impact our net interest income.

Our net interest income totaled $39.9 million during the third quarter of 2022, an increase of $6.1 million, or 18.0% from the year-ago period. This increase primarily reflects a $313.6 million increase in average interest-earning assets as well as a 31 basis point increase in our tax equivalent net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets (the “net interest margin”).

For the first nine months of 2022, net interest income totaled $109.0 million, an increase of $13.5 million, or 14.1% from 2021. This increase primarily reflects a 342.4 million increase in average interest-earning assets and a 16 basis point increase in our net interest margin.

The increase in average interest-earning assets in 2022 as compared to 2021 primarily reflects growth in commercial, mortgage and installment loans funded from an increase in deposits.

Interest and fees on loans include zero and $0.8 million of accretion of net loan fees on PPP loans in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively, compared to $2.6 million and $6.5 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively.

Our net interest income is also impacted by our level of non-accrual loans. In the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, non-accrual loans averaged $4.0 million and $4.6 million, respectively. In the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, non-accrual loans averaged $5.3 million and $6.4 million, respectively. In addition, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022 we had net recoveries of $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively of unpaid interest on loans placed on or taken off non-accrual or on loans previously charged-off compared to net recoveries of $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, during the same periods in 2021.

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Average Balances and Tax Equivalent Rates

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022						2021
	Average Balance		Interest		Rate (2)		Average Balance		Interest		Rate (2)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Taxable loans	$	3,353,102	$	37,019	4.39	%	$	2,896,552	$	30,061	4.13	%
Tax-exempt loans (1)	7,519		92		4.85		7,148		90		5.00
Taxable securities	891,677		5,329		2.39		951,445		3,922		1.65
Tax-exempt securities (1)	334,526		2,727		3.26		365,937		2,070		2.26
Interest bearing cash	5,830		28		1.91		57,153		23		0.16
Other investments	17,653		192		4.32		18,427		181		3.90
Interest Earning Assets	4,610,307		45,387		3.92		4,296,662		36,347		3.37
Cash and due from banks	62,340						57,151
Other assets, net	212,194						159,961
Total Assets	$	4,884,841					$	4,513,774
Liabilities
Savings and interest-bearing checking	$	2,548,213	2,803		0.44		$	2,317,142	695		0.12
Time deposits	402,466		822		0.81		314,394		395		0.50
Other borrowings	124,531		1,403		4.47		108,908		962		3.50
Interest Bearing Liabilities	3,075,210		5,028		0.65		2,740,444		2,052		0.30
Non-interest bearing deposits	1,376,279						1,303,401
Other liabilities	98,232						72,387
Shareholders’ equity	335,120						397,542
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	4,884,841					$	4,513,774
Net Interest Income			$	40,359					$	34,295
Net Interest Income as a Percent of Average Interest Earning Assets					3.49	%					3.18	%

_________________________________

(1)Interest on tax-exempt loans and securities available for sale is presented on a fully tax equivalent basis assuming a marginal tax rate of 21%.

(2)Annualized

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Average Balances and Tax Equivalent Rates

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022						2021
	Average Balance		Interest		Rate (2)		Average Balance		Interest		Rate (2)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Taxable loans	$	3,155,410	$	96,742	4.09	%	$	2,859,207	$	86,126	4.02	%
Tax-exempt loans (1)	7,922		281		4.74		6,801		256		5.03
Taxable securities	978,668		14,831		2.02		881,465		10,374		1.57
Tax-exempt securities(1)	336,123		6,950		2.76		347,873		5,845		2.24
Interest bearing cash	36,761		94		0.34		76,533		74		0.13
Other investments	17,806		557		4.18		18,427		555		4.03
Interest Earning Assets	4,532,690		119,455		3.52		4,190,306		103,230		3.29
Cash and due from banks	59,851						55,883
Other assets, net	196,406						155,701
Total Assets	$	4,788,947					$	4,401,890
Liabilities
Savings and interest-bearing checking	$	2,528,655	4,232		0.22		$	2,239,887	2,059		0.12
Time deposits	365,245		1,376		0.50		319,792		1,429		0.60
Other borrowings	116,774		3,463		3.96		108,866		2,888		3.55
Interest Bearing Liabilities	3,010,674		9,071		0.40		2,668,545		6,376		0.32
Non-interest bearing deposits	1,342,228						1,279,006
Other liabilities	88,281						65,464
Shareholders’ equity	347,764						388,875
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	4,788,947					$	4,401,890
Net Interest Income			$	110,384					$	96,854
Net Interest Income as a Percent of Average Interest Earning Assets					3.25	%					3.09	%

_________________________________

(1)Interest on tax-exempt loans and securities available for sale is presented on a fully tax equivalent basis assuming a marginal tax rate of 21%.

(2)Annualized

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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	(Dollars in thousands)
Net Interest Margin, Fully Taxable Equivalent ("FTE")
Net interest income	$	39,897		$	33,803		$	108,959		$	95,480
Add:  taxable equivalent adjustment	462			492			1,425			1,374
Net interest income - taxable equivalent	$	40,359		$	34,295		$	110,384		$	96,854
Net interest margin (GAAP) (1)	3.45		%	3.13		%	3.21		%	3.04		%
Net interest margin (FTE) (1)	3.49		%	3.18		%	3.25		%	3.09		%

(1)Annualized.

Provision for credit losses. The provision for credit losses was an expense of $3.1 million and a credit of $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the provision for credit losses was an expense of $4.0 million and a credit of $2.6 million, respectively. The provision reflects our assessment of the allowance for credit losses (the “ACL”) taking into consideration factors such as loan growth, loan mix, levels of non-performing and classified loans, economic conditions and loan net charge-offs. While we use relevant information to recognize losses on loans, additional provisions for related losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, customer circumstances and other credit risk factors. See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality” for a discussion of the various components of the ACL and their impact on the provision for credit losses in 2022. The increase in the provision for credit losses expense from the prior year period is primarily due to a decrease in gross recoveries of previously charged-off commercial and retail loans, an increase in the adjustment to allocations based on subjective factors and an increase in net newly allocated losses in the commercial and retail loan portfolios primarily due to loan growth and change in mix.

Non-interest income. Non-interest income is a significant element in assessing our results of operations. Non-interest income totaled $16.9 million during the third quarter of 2022 compared to $19.7 million in the third quarter of 2021. For the first nine months of 2022, non-interest income totaled $50.4 million compared to $60.9 million for the first nine months of 2021.

The components of non-interest income are as follows:

Non-Interest Income

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)
Interchange income	$	4,049	$	4,237	$	10,553	$	10,739
Service charges on deposit accounts	3,082		2,944		9,135		7,178
Net gains on assets
Mortgage loans	2,857		8,361		4,945		30,280
Securities	—		5		(275)		1,421
Mortgage loan servicing, net	4,283		1,271		18,086		4,476
Investment and insurance commissions	750		678		2,170		1,895
Bank owned life insurance	59		145		302		411
Other	1,781		2,054		5,525		4,472
Total non-interest income	$	16,861	$	19,695	$	50,441	$	60,872

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Interchange income decreased on a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis in 2022 as compared to 2021. The quarterly and year-to-date decreases were due to lower rate earned on debit card transactions that was partially offset by an increase in volume of these transactions.

Service charges on deposit accounts increased on a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis in 2022 as compared to 2021. The quarterly and year-to-date increases were principally due to increases in non-sufficient funds occurrences (and related fees) and an increase in treasury management fees.

As reflected in the table below, net gains on the sale of mortgage loans dropped significantly on both a quarterly and a year-to-date basis in 2022 compared to 2021. Mortgage loan activity is summarized as follows:

Mortgage Loan Activity

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	(Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage loans originated	$	209,041		$	453,752		$	796,918		$	1,436,497
Mortgage loans sold	157,511			279,235			522,213			963,442
Net gains on mortgage loans	2,857			8,361			4,945			30,280
Net gains as a percent of mortgage loans sold  ("Loan Sales Margin")	1.81		%	2.99		%	0.95		%	3.14		%
Fair value adjustments included in the Loan Sales Margin	0.25			0.04			(0.54)			(0.40)

Mortgage loans originated decreased in 2022 as compared to 2021 due primarily to a decrease in mortgage loan refinance volumes. Mortgage loan refinance volumes declined in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to 2021 as higher mortgage loan interest rates in 2022 reduced this activity. Mortgage loans sold decreased in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to 2021 due primarily to lower loan origination volume. Net gains on mortgage loans decreased in 2022 as compared to 2021 primarily due to the decline in loan sale volume and a decrease in the Loan Sales Margin as discussed below.

The volume of loans sold is dependent upon our ability to originate mortgage loans as well as the demand for fixed-rate obligations and other loans that we choose to not put into portfolio because of our established interest-rate risk parameters. (See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality.”) Net gains on mortgage loans are also dependent upon economic and competitive factors as well as our ability to effectively manage exposure to changes in interest rates and thus can often be a volatile part of our overall revenues.

Our Loan Sales Margin is impacted by several factors including competition and the manner in which the loan is sold. Net gains on mortgage loans are also impacted by recording fair value accounting adjustments. Excluding these fair value accounting adjustments, the Loan Sales Margin would have been 1.56% and 2.95% in the third quarters of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 1.49% and 3.54% for the comparative 2022 and 2021 year-to-date periods, respectively. The decline in the Loan Sales Margin (excluding fair value adjustments) in the third quarter of 2022 was generally due to lower primary-to-secondary market pricing spreads as market interest rates rose in 2022 (relative to 2021) which were impacted by the decrease in salable mortgage loan volumes.

We recorded a net loss of $0.3 million and a net gain $1.4 million on securities AFS for the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. We recorded no credit related charges in either 2022 or 2021 on securities AFS. See “Securities” below and note #3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Mortgage loan servicing, net, generated income of $4.3 million and $1.3 million in the third quarters of 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, mortgage loan servicing, net, generated income of $18.1 million and $4.5 million, respectively. The significant variances in mortgage loan servicing, net are primarily due to changes in the fair value of capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights associated with changes in interest rates and the associated expected future prepayment levels and expected float rates.

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Mortgage loan servicing, net activity is summarized in the following table:

Mortgage Servicing Revenue

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Mortgage loan servicing, net:	(In thousands)
Revenue, net	$	2,190	$	2,023	$	6,397	$	5,809
Fair value change due to price	$	3,203	$	599	$	14,775	$	2,813
Fair value change due to pay-downs	$	(1,110)	$	(1,351)	$	(3,086)	$	(4,146)
Total	$	4,283	$	1,271	$	18,086	$	4,476

Activity related to capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights is as follows:

Capitalized Mortgage Loan Servicing Rights

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	39,477	$	22,431	$	26,232	$	16,904
Originated servicing rights capitalized	1,588		2,529		5,237		8,637
Change in fair value	2,093		(752)		11,689		(1,333)
Balance at end of period	$	43,158	$	24,208	$	43,158	$	24,208

At September 30, 2022 we were servicing approximately $3.50 billion in mortgage loans for others on which servicing rights have been capitalized. This servicing portfolio had a weighted average coupon rate of 3.55% and a weighted average service fee of approximately 26.0 basis points. Capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights at September 30, 2022 totaled $43.2 million, representing approximately 123.4 basis points on the related amount of mortgage loans serviced for others.

Investment and insurance commissions represent revenues generated on the sale or management of investments and insurance for our customers. These increased on both a quarterly and year-to-date basis in 2022 as compared to 2021, primarily due to growth in assets under management and in annuity sales (reflecting customers seeking alternatives to traditional fixed income products such as time deposits given the prolonged low interest rate environment).

Other non-interest income decreased on a comparative quarterly basis in 2022 as compared to 2021 due primarily to prior year including a one-time fee reimbursement from our core data processing vendor for conversion related loss of revenues and a decrease in title revenue that was partially offset by an increase in swap fee income and the gain on the sale of one bank owned property of $0.1 million. The increase in other income on a comparative year to date basis in 2022 as compared to 2021 is due primarily to the gain on the sale of two bank owned properties of $1.1 million.

Non-interest expense. Non-interest expense is an important component of our results of operations. We strive to efficiently manage our cost structure.

Non-interest expense decreased by $2.1 million to $32.4 million and decreased by $0.8 million to $96.3 million during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021.

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The components of non-interest expense are as follows:

Non-Interest Expense

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)
Compensation	$	12,839	$	11,507	$	37,807	$	32,764
Performance-based compensation	4,290		6,252		11,728		15,327
Payroll taxes and employee benefits	3,472		3,900		11,078		11,973
Compensation and employee benefits	20,601		21,659		60,613		60,064
Data processing	2,653		3,022		7,513		7,972
Occupancy, net	2,062		2,082		6,682		6,578
Interchange expense	927		1,202		3,200		3,351
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	987		1,075		3,074		3,112
Communications	723		683		2,242		2,341
Loan and collection	772		735		1,978		2,353
Advertising	345		666		1,585		1,319
FDIC deposit insurance	591		346		1,570		983
Legal and professional	573		513		1,545		1,534
Amortization of intangible assets	174		242		639		727
Costs related to unfunded lending commitments	382		369		676		363
Supplies	147		116		431		460
Correspondent bank service fees	75		77		232		292
Conversion related expenses	—		275		50		1,636
Provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans	12		36		57		95
Net gains on other real estate and repossessed assets	(18)		(28)		(214)		(202)
Other	1,360		1,442		4,377		4,091
Total non-interest expense	$	32,366	$	34,512	$	96,250	$	97,069

Compensation and employee benefits expenses, in total, decreased $1.1 million on a quarterly comparative basis and increased $0.5 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021.

Compensation expense increased by $1.3 million and $5.0 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021. These comparative increases in 2022 were primarily due to salary increases that were predominantly effective on January 1, 2022 and a decreased level of compensation that was deferred as direct origination costs due to lower mortgage loan origination volume.

Performance-based compensation decreased by $2.0 million and $3.6 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021. The decreases are primarily due to lower expected incentive compensation payout for salaried and hourly employees and a decrease in mortgage lending related incentives attributed to the decline in mortgage lending volume.

Payroll taxes and employee benefits decreased by $0.4 million and $0.9 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021, due primarily to decreases in payroll taxes (reflecting lower performance-based compensation costs), our 401(k) plan match and other indirect costs related to mortgage lending.

Occupancy, net, furniture, fixtures and equipment, communications, legal and professional, amortization of intangible assets, supplies, correspondent bank service fees and provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans were each substantially the same on a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis in 2022 as compared to 2021.

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Data processing expense decreased by $0.4 million and 0.5 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively, compared to the same prior year periods due primarily to lower debit card production costs, lower net mortgage processing costs (lower volume) and a refund of previously expensed bill from our former core data processing provider.

Interchange expense primarily represents our third-party cost to process debit card transactions. The decrease in this expense on both a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis in 2022 as compared to 2021 is due principally to changes in transaction volume and transaction channel mix.

Loan and collection expense increased $0.04 million and decreased $0.38 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2021. The year-to-date decrease is due to recoveries of previously expensed amounts, an increase in the deferral of certain loan origination costs as well as lower other real estate holding costs.

Advertising expense decreased by $0.3 million and increased by $0.3 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2021. The quarterly comparative decrease is primarily due to a one-time marketing expense reimbursement from our third party debit card provider. The comparative year-to-date increase is primarily due to higher charitable donations and advertising related to a new branch opening.

FDIC deposit insurance expense increased in 2022 on both a comparative quarterly and year-to-date basis as compared to 2021, due primarily to an increases in the assessment rate as well as the assessment base.

Costs related to unfunded lending commitments increased $0.01 million and $0.3 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively, compared to the same prior year periods due primarily to changes in the amounts of such commitments to originate portfolio loans as well as (for commercial loan commitments) the grade (pursuant to our loan rating system) of such commitments.

Conversion related expenses declined as our conversion occurred during the second quarter of 2021 during which time we incurred a significant portion of related expense.

Net gains on other real estate and repossessed assets primarily represent the net gain on the sale or additional write downs on these assets subsequent to the transfer of the asset from our loan portfolio. This transfer occurs at the time we acquire the collateral that secured the loan. At the time of acquisition, the other real estate or repossessed asset is valued at fair value, less estimated costs to sell, which becomes the new basis for the asset. Any write-downs at the time of acquisition are charged to the allowance for credit losses.

Other expense decreased $0.1 million and increased $0.3 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2021. The decrease on a comparative quarterly basis was primarily due to lower corporate state income tax expense. The comparative year-to-date increase is due in part to an increase in travel and entertainment related expenses (due in part to further easing of COVID-19 related restrictions as well as a general increase in the cost of such expenses).

Income tax expense. We recorded an income tax expense of $4.0 million and $10.9 million in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2022, respectively. This compares to an income tax expense of $3.7 million and $11.5 million in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021, respectively. The increase in expense for the first nine months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 is primarily due to an increase in pretax income.

Our actual income tax expense is different than the amount computed by applying our statutory income tax rate to our income before income tax primarily due to tax-exempt interest income, tax-exempt income from the increase in the cash surrender value on life insurance, and differences in the value of stock awards that vest and stock options that are exercised as compared to the initial fair values that were expensed.

We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. The ultimate realization of this asset is primarily based on generating future income. We concluded at September 30, 2022 and 2021 and at December 31, 2021 that the realization of substantially all of our deferred tax assets continues to be more likely than not.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

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Summary. Our total assets increased by $226.6 million during the first nine months of 2022. Loans, excluding loans held for sale, were $3.41 billion at September 30, 2022, compared to $2.91 billion at December 31, 2021. Commercial loans, mortgage loans and installment loans each increased during the first nine months of 2022. (See “Portfolio Loans and asset quality.”)

Deposits totaled $4.33 billion at September 30, 2022, an increase of $209.9 million from December 31, 2021 as all deposit types increased. The increase in deposits from December 31, 2021 is due in part to the seasonal cash management needs of our business and municipal customers. Overall deposit balances remain elevated, relative to historical levels, due to the significant liquidity that has been injected into the economy through government programs as well as by monetary actions by the Federal Reserve Bank, all in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

As the various government stimulus programs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic end or taper, it is unclear what the impact will be on our levels of Portfolio Loans and deposits. However, our liquidity and funding contingency plans take into account the possibility of reductions in commercial loans and deposits during 2022.

Securities. We maintain diversified securities portfolios, which include obligations of U.S. government-sponsored agencies, securities issued by states and political subdivisions, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, corporate securities, trust preferred securities and foreign government securities (that are denominated in U.S. dollars). We regularly evaluate asset/liability management needs and attempt to maintain a portfolio structure that provides sufficient liquidity and cash flow.

We believe that the unrealized losses on securities AFS are temporary in nature and are expected to be recovered within a reasonable time period. We believe that we have the ability to hold securities with unrealized losses to maturity or until such time as the unrealized losses reverse.(See “Asset/liability management.”)

On April 1, 2022, we transferred certain securities AFS with an amortized cost and unrealized loss at the date of transfer of $418.1 million and $26.5 million, respectively to securities HTM. The transfer was made at fair value, with the unrealized loss becoming part of the purchase discount which will be accreted over the remaining life of the securities. The other comprehensive loss component is separated from the remaining available for sale securities and is accreted over the remaining life of the securities transferred. We have the ability and intent to hold these securities until they mature, at which time we will receive full value for these securities.

Securities Available for Sale

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value
			Gains		Losses
Securities available for sale	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022	$	895,703	$	300	$	91,731	$	804,272
December 31, 2021	1,404,858		16,594		8,622		1,412,830

Securities Held to Maturity

	Carrying Value		Transferred Unrealized Loss (1)		ACL		Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value
									Gains		Losses
	(In thousands)
Securities held to maturity
September 30, 2022	$	379,429	$	24,072	$	168	$	403,669	$	5	$	62,545	$	341,129
December 31, 2021	—		—		—		—		—		—		—

(1)Represents the remaining unrealized loss to be accreted on securities that were transferred from AFS to HTM on April 1, 2022.

Securities AFS in unrealized loss positions are evaluated quarterly for impairment related to credit losses. For securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or

51

requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For securities AFS that do not meet this criteria, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, we consider the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, adverse conditions specifically related to the security and the issuer and the impact of changes in market interest rates on the market value of the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, we compare the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis for the security, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded, limited to the amount that the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes. No ACL for securities AFS was needed at September 30, 2022. The increase in unrealized losses during the third quarter and first nine months of 2022 is primarily attributed to an increase in interest rates since December 31, 2021. See note #3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further discussion.

For securities HTM an ACL is maintained at a level which represents our best estimate of expected credit losses. This ACL is a contra asset valuation account that is deducted from the carrying amount of securities HTM to present the net amount expected to be collected. Securities HTM are charged off against the ACL when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the ACL are reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in provision for credit loss. We measure expected credit losses on securities HTM on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. With regard to U.S. Government-sponsored agency and mortgage-backed securities (residential and commercial), all these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee; therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to obligations of states and political subdivisions, private label-mortgage-backed, corporate and trust preferred securities HTM, we consider (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. See note #3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further discussion.

Sales of securities were as follows (See “Non-interest income.”):

Sales of Securities

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)				(In thousands)
Proceeds	$	—	$	505	$	70,523	$	81,683
Gross gains	—		5		164		1,471
Gross losses	—		—		439		50
Net gains (losses)	$	—	$	5	$	(275)	$	1,421

Portfolio Loans and asset quality. In addition to the communities served by our Bank branch and loan production office network, our principal lending markets also include nearby communities and metropolitan areas. Subject to established underwriting criteria, we also may participate in commercial lending transactions with certain non-affiliated banks and make whole loan purchases from other financial institutions.

The senior management and board of directors of our Bank retain authority and responsibility for credit decisions and we have adopted uniform underwriting standards. Our loan committee structure and the loan review process attempt to provide requisite controls and promote compliance with such established underwriting standards. However, there can be no assurance that our lending procedures and the use of uniform underwriting standards will prevent us from incurring significant credit losses in our lending activities.

We generally retain loans that may be profitably funded within established risk parameters. (See “Asset/liability management.”) As a result, we may hold adjustable-rate conventional and fixed rate jumbo mortgage loans as Portfolio Loans, while 15- and 30-year fixed-rate non-jumbo mortgage loans are generally sold to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates. (See “Non-interest income.”) Due primarily to the expansion of our mortgage-banking activities and a change in mix in our mortgage loan originations, we are now originating and putting into Portfolio Loans more fixed rate mortgage

52

loans as compared to past periods. These fixed rate mortgage loans generally have terms from 15 to 30 years, do not have prepayment penalties and expose us to more interest rate risk. (See “Asset/liability management.”).

The PPP, is a short-term, forgivable loan program primarily intended to help businesses impacted by COVID-19 to continue paying their employees. See note #4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further discussion of the PPP.

A summary of our participation in the PPP (which ended on May 31, 2021 for new loans) follows:

Paycheck Protection Program Activity

	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
	Amount (#)	Amount		Amount (#)	Amount
	(Dollars in thousands)
Closed and outstanding at quarter end	2	$	125	826	$	90,150
Net fees accreted into interest income for the quarter	n/a	—		n/a	2,630
Net fees accreted into interest income year-to-date	n/a	804		n/a	6,528
Unaccreted net fees remaining at quarter end	n/a	—		n/a	3,178

A summary of our Portfolio Loans follows:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(In thousands)
Real estate(1)
Residential first mortgages	$	1,037,473	$	870,169
Residential home equity and other junior mortgages	147,716		128,801
Construction and land development	309,855		278,992
Other(2)	843,996		726,224
Consumer	640,676		555,696
Commercial	425,310		339,785
Agricultural	4,832		5,378
Total loans	$	3,409,858	$	2,905,045

_________________________________

(1)Includes both residential and non-residential commercial loans secured by real estate.

(2)Includes loans secured by multi-family residential and non-farm, non-residential property.

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Non-performing assets (1)

	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans	$	5,307		$	5,545
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest	—			—
Subtotal	5,307			5,545
Less:  Government guaranteed loans	1,491			435
Total non-performing loans	3,816			5,110
Other real estate and repossessed assets	348			245
Total non-performing assets	$	4,164		$	5,355
As a percent of Portfolio Loans
Non-performing loans	0.11		%	0.18		%
Allowance for credit losses	1.50			1.63
Non-performing assets to total assets	0.08			0.11
Allowance for credit losses as a percent of non-performing loans	13.40			924.70

(1)Excludes loans classified as "troubled debt restructured" that are not past due.

Troubled debt restructurings ("TDR")

	September 30, 2022
	Commercial		Retail (1)			Total
	(In thousands)
Performing TDR's	$	3,210	$	28,071		$	31,281
Non-performing TDR's (2)	—		1,063		(3)	1,063
Total	$	3,210	$	29,134		$	32,344

	December 31, 2021
	Commercial		Retail (1)			Total
	(In thousands)
Performing TDR's	$	4,481	$	31,589		$	36,070
Non-performing TDR's (2)	—		1,016		(3)	1,016
Total	$	4,481	$	32,605		$	37,086

(1)Retail loans include mortgage and installment loan portfolio segments.

(2)Included in non-performing assets table above.

(3)Also includes loans on non-accrual at the time of modification until six payments are received on a timely basis.

Non-performing loans decreased by $1.3 million since year-end 2021, reflecting improving economic conditions and our ongoing collection efforts. Our collection and resolution efforts have generally resulted in a positive trend in non-performing loans.

Non-performing loans exclude performing loans that are classified as TDRs. Performing TDRs totaled $31.3 million, or 0.9% of total Portfolio Loans, and $36.1 million, or 1.2% of total Portfolio Loans, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The decrease in the amount of performing TDRs in the first nine months of 2022 reflects a decrease in both commercial and retail performing TDRs.

Other real estate and repossessed assets totaled $0.3 million and $0.2 million at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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We will place a loan that is 90 days or more past due on non-accrual, unless we believe the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Accordingly, we have determined that the collection of the accrued and unpaid interest on any loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest is probable.

The following tables reflect activity in our ACL on loans and ACL for unfunded lending commitments as well as the allocation of our ACL on loans.

Allowance for credit losses on loans and unfunded lending commitments

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2022					2021
	Loans			Unfunded Commitments		Loans			Unfunded Commitments
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	47,252		$	4,481	$	35,429		$	1,805
Additions (deductions)
Impact of adoption of ASC 326	—			—		11,574			1,469
Provision for credit losses	3,783			—		(2,558)			—
Initial allowance on loans purchased with credit deterioration	—			—		134			—
Recoveries credited to allowance	2,004			—		3,918			—
Loans charged against the allowance	(1,897)			—		(1,698)			—
Recoveries included in non-interest expense	—			676		—			363
Balance at end of period	$	51,142		$	5,157	$	46,799		$	3,637
Net loans charged (recovered) against the allowance to average Portfolio Loans	0.00		%			(0.11)		%

Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(Dollars in thousands)
Specific allocations	$	813	$	1,130
Pooled analysis allocations	37,569		33,359
Additional allocations based on subjective factors	12,760		12,763
Total	$	51,142	$	47,252

Some loans will not be repaid in full. Therefore, an ACL is maintained at a level which represents our best estimate of expected credit losses. Our ACL is comprised of three principal elements: (i) specific analysis of individual loans identified during the review of the loan portfolio, (ii) pooled analysis of loans with similar risk characteristics based on historical experience, adjusted for current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, and expected prepayments, and (iii) additional allowances based on subjective factors, including local and general economic business factors and trends, portfolio concentrations and changes in the size and/or the general terms of the loan portfolios. See note #4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further discussion on the ACL.

While we use relevant information to recognize losses on loans, additional provisions for related losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, customer circumstances and other credit risk factors.

The ACL increased $3.9 million to $51.1 million at September 30, 2022 from $47.3 million at December 31, 2021 and was equal to 1.50% and 1.63% of total Portfolio Loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Since December 31, 2021 the ACL related to specific loans decreased $0.3 million due primarily to a $1.5 million decrease in the amount of such loans. The ACL related to subjective factors was nearly unchanged as lower reserve allocations

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reflecting a decrease in risk related to the COVID-19 pandemic was offset by loan growth. The ACL related to pooled analysis of loans increased $4.2 million due primarily to loan growth and risk rating mix.

Deposits and borrowings. Historically, the loyalty of our customer base has allowed us to price deposits competitively, contributing to a net interest margin that generally compares favorably to our peers. However, we still face a significant amount of competition for deposits within many of the markets served by our branch network, which limits our ability to materially increase deposits without adversely impacting the weighted-average cost of core deposits.

To attract new core deposits, we have implemented various account acquisition strategies as well as branch staff sales training. Account acquisition initiatives have historically generated increases in customer relationships. Over the past several years, we have also expanded our treasury management products and services for commercial businesses and municipalities or other governmental units and have also increased our sales calling efforts in order to attract additional deposit relationships from these sectors. We view long-term core deposit growth as an important objective. Core deposits generally provide a more stable and lower cost source of funds than alternative sources such as short-term borrowings. (See “Liquidity and capital resources.”)

Deposits totaled $4.33 billion and $4.12 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The increase in deposits is primarily due to growth in non-interest bearing, savings and interest bearing checking deposits, reciprocal deposits and brokered deposits. Reciprocal deposits totaled $616.4 million and $586.6 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. These deposits represent demand, money market and time deposits from our customers that have been placed through IntraFi Network. This service allows our customers to access multi-million dollar FDIC deposit insurance on deposit balances greater than the standard FDIC insurance maximum.

We cannot be sure that we will be able to maintain our current level of core deposits. In particular, those deposits that are uninsured may be susceptible to outflow. At September 30, 2022, we had approximately $1.08 billion of uninsured deposits. A reduction in core deposits would likely increase our need to rely on wholesale funding sources.

We have also implemented strategies that incorporate using federal funds purchased, other borrowings and Brokered CDs to fund a portion of our interest-earning assets. The use of such alternate sources of funds supplements our core deposits and is also an integral part of our asset/liability management efforts.

Other borrowings, comprised primarily of FRB and FHLB borrowings, totaled $86.7 million and $30.0 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

As described above, we have utilized wholesale funding, including federal funds purchased, FHLB and FRB borrowings and Brokered CDs to augment our core deposits and fund a portion of our assets. At September 30, 2022, our use of such wholesale funding sources (including reciprocal deposits) amounted to approximately $771.3 million, or 17.5% of total funding (deposits and all borrowings, excluding subordinated debt and debentures). Because wholesale funding sources are affected by general market conditions, the availability of such funding may be dependent on the confidence these sources have in our financial condition and operations. The continued availability to us of these funding sources is not certain, and Brokered CDs may be difficult for us to retain or replace at attractive rates as they mature. Our liquidity may be constrained if we are unable to renew our wholesale funding sources or if adequate financing is not available in the future at acceptable rates of interest or at all. Our financial performance could also be affected if we are unable to maintain our access to funding sources or if we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding sources. In such case, our net interest income and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We historically employed derivative financial instruments to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. During the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, we entered into $74.1 million and $34.8 million (aggregate notional amounts), respectively, of interest rate swaps with commercial loan customers, which were offset with interest rate swaps that the Bank entered into with a broker-dealer. We recorded $0.9 million and $0.5 million of fee income related to these transactions during the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. See note #6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for more information on our derivative financial instruments.

Liquidity and capital resources. Liquidity risk is the risk of being unable to timely meet obligations as they come due at a reasonable funding cost or without incurring unacceptable losses. Our liquidity management involves the measurement and monitoring of a variety of sources and uses of funds. Our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows categorize these sources and uses into operating, investing and financing activities. We primarily focus our liquidity management on maintaining adequate levels of liquid assets (primarily funds on deposit with the FRB and certain securities AFS) as well as developing access to a variety of borrowing sources to supplement our deposit gathering activities and provide funds for purchasing securities or originating Portfolio Loans as well as to be able to respond to unforeseen liquidity needs.

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Our primary sources of funds include our deposit base, secured advances from the FHLB and FRB, federal funds purchased borrowing facilities with other banks, and access to the capital markets (for Brokered CDs).

At September 30, 2022, we had $342.3 million of time deposits that mature in the next 12 months. Historically, a majority of these maturing time deposits are renewed by our customers. Additionally, $3.92 billion of our deposits at September 30, 2022, were in account types from which the customer could withdraw the funds on demand. Changes in the balances of deposits that can be withdrawn upon demand are usually predictable and the total balances of these accounts have generally grown or have been stable over time as a result of our marketing and promotional activities. However, there can be no assurance that historical patterns of renewing time deposits or overall growth or stability in deposits will continue in the future.

We have developed contingency funding plans that stress test our liquidity needs that may arise from certain events such as an adverse change in our financial metrics (for example, credit quality or regulatory capital ratios). Our liquidity management also includes periodic monitoring that measures quick assets (defined generally as highly liquid or short-term assets) to total assets, short-term liability dependence and basic surplus (defined as quick assets less volatile liabilities to total assets). Policy limits have been established for our various liquidity measurements and are monitored on a quarterly basis. In addition, we also prepare cash flow forecasts that include a variety of different scenarios.

We believe that we currently have adequate liquidity at our Bank because of our cash and cash equivalents, our portfolio of securities AFS, our access to secured advances from the FHLB and FRB and our ability to issue Brokered CDs.

We also believe that the available cash on hand at the parent company (including time deposits) of approximately $50.0 million as of September 30, 2022 provides sufficient liquidity resources at the parent company to meet operating expenses, to make interest payments on the subordinated debt and debentures, and, along with dividends from the Bank, to pay projected cash dividends on our common stock.

Effective management of capital resources is critical to our mission to create value for our shareholders. In addition to common stock, our capital structure also currently includes subordinated debt and cumulative trust preferred securities.

Capitalization

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(In thousands)
Subordinated debt	$	39,414	$	39,357
Subordinated debentures	39,643		39,592
Amount not qualifying as regulatory capital	(638)		(581)
Amount qualifying as regulatory capital	78,419		78,368
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock	320,437		323,401
Retained earnings	108,916		74,582
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(97,045)		501
Total shareholders’ equity	332,308		398,484
Total capitalization	$	410,727	$	476,852

In May 2020, we issued $40.0 million of fixed to floating subordinated notes with a ten year maturity and a five year call option. The initial coupon rate is 5.95% fixed for five years and then floats at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 5.825%. These notes are presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition under the caption “Subordinated debt” and the September 30, 2022 balance of $39.4 million is net of remaining unamortized deferred issuance costs of approximately $0.6 million that are being amortized through the maturity date into interest expense on other borrowings and subordinated debt and debentures in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We currently have four special purpose entities with $39.6 million of outstanding cumulative trust preferred securities as of September 30, 2022. These special purpose entities issued common securities and provided cash to our parent company that in turn issued subordinated debentures to these special purpose entities equal to the trust preferred securities and

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common securities. The subordinated debentures represent the sole asset of the special purpose entities. The common securities and subordinated debentures are included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The FRB has issued rules regarding trust preferred securities as a component of the Tier 1 capital of bank holding companies. The aggregate amount of trust preferred securities (and certain other capital elements) are limited to 25 percent of Tier 1 capital elements, net of goodwill (net of any associated deferred tax liability). The amount of trust preferred securities and certain other elements in excess of the limit can be included in Tier 2 capital, subject to restrictions. At the parent company, all of these securities qualified as Tier 1 capital at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Common shareholders’ equity decreased to $332.3 million at September 30, 2022, from $398.5 million at December 31, 2021. The decrease is primarily due to a $97.5 million decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to unrealized losses on securities AFS, share repurchases and cash dividend payments that were partially offset by net income. Our tangible common equity (“TCE”) totaled $301.3 million and $366.8 million, respectively, at those same dates. Our ratio of TCE to tangible assets was 6.15% and 7.85% at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. TCE and the ratio of TCE to tangible assets are non-GAAP measures. TCE represents total common equity less goodwill and other intangible assets.

In December 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a 2022 share repurchase plan. Under the terms of the 2022 share repurchase plan, we are authorized to buy back up to 1,100,000, or approximately 5% of our outstanding common stock. During the first nine months of 2022, the Company repurchased 181,586 shares at a weighted average purchase price of $22.08 per share.

We pay a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock. These dividends totaled $0.66 per share and $0.63 per share in the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. We generally favor a dividend payout ratio between 30% and 50% of net income.

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our Bank (and holding company) continued to meet the requirements to be considered “well-capitalized” under federal regulatory standards (also see note #10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report).

Asset/liability management. Interest-rate risk is created by differences in the cash flow characteristics of our assets and liabilities. Options embedded in certain financial instruments, including caps on adjustable-rate loans as well as borrowers’ rights to prepay fixed-rate loans, also create interest-rate risk.

Our asset/liability management efforts identify and evaluate opportunities to structure our assets and liabilities in a manner that is consistent with our mission to maintain profitable financial leverage within established risk parameters. We evaluate various opportunities and alternate asset/liability management strategies carefully and consider the likely impact on our risk profile as well as the anticipated contribution to earnings. The marginal cost of funds is a principal consideration in the implementation of our asset/liability management strategies, but such evaluations further consider interest-rate and liquidity risk as well as other pertinent factors. We have established parameters for interest-rate risk. We regularly monitor our interest-rate risk and report at least quarterly to our board of directors.

We employ simulation analyses to monitor our interest-rate risk profile and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income and market value of portfolio equity that result from changes in interest rates. The purpose of these simulations is to identify sources of interest-rate risk. The simulations do not anticipate any actions that we might initiate in response to changes in interest rates and, accordingly, the simulations do not provide a reliable forecast of anticipated results. The simulations are predicated on immediate, permanent and parallel shifts in interest rates and generally assume that current loan and deposit pricing relationships remain constant. The simulations further incorporate assumptions relating to changes in customer behavior, including changes in prepayment rates on certain assets and liabilities. During 2022, both our interest rate risk profile as measured by our short term earnings simulation and our longer term interest rate risk measure based on changes in economic value indicates exposure to rising rates. The shift is primarily due to an increase in asset duration attributed to growth in portfolio mortgage loans combined with lower cash and security AFS and HTM balances. However, we are carefully monitoring the change in the composition of our earning assets and the impact of potential future changes in interest rates on our changes in market value of portfolio equity and changes in net interest income. As a result, we may add some longer-term borrowings, may utilize derivatives (interest rate swaps and interest rate caps) to manage interest rate risk and may continue to sell some fixed rate jumbo and other portfolio mortgage loans in the future.

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CHANGES IN MARKET VALUE OF PORTFOLIO EQUITY AND NET INTEREST INCOME

Change in Interest Rates	Market Value of Portfolio Equity(1)		Percent Change		Net Interest Income(2)		Percent Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2022
200 basis point rise	$	401,100	(14.64)	%	$	170,400	0.24	%
100 basis point rise	436,300		(7.15)		170,700		0.41
Base-rate scenario	469,900		—		170,000		—
100 basis point decline	498,900		6.17		167,800		(1.29)
200 basis point decline	512,300		9.02		164,100		(3.47)
December 31, 2021
200 basis point rise	$	514,200	(5.86)	%	$	137,800	3.30	%
100 basis point rise	550,900		0.86		136,800		2.55
Base-rate scenario	546,200		—		133,400		—
100 basis point decline	473,000		(13.40)		126,700		(5.02)

_________________________________

(1)Simulation analyses calculate the change in the net present value of our assets and liabilities, including debt and related financial derivative instruments, under parallel shifts in interest rates by discounting the estimated future cash flows using a market-based discount rate. Cash flow estimates incorporate anticipated changes in prepayment speeds and other embedded options.

(2)Simulation analyses calculate the change in net interest income under immediate parallel shifts in interest rates over the next twelve months, based upon a static statement of financial condition, which includes debt and related financial derivative instruments, and do not consider loan fees.

Accounting standards update. See note #2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report for details on recently issued accounting pronouncements and their impact on our interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Fair valuation of financial instruments. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820 - “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“FASB ASC Topic 820”) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

We utilize fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial instruments and to determine fair value disclosures. FASB ASC Topic 820 differentiates between those assets and liabilities required to be carried at fair value at every reporting period (“recurring”) and those assets and liabilities that are only required to be adjusted to fair value under certain circumstances (“nonrecurring”). Securities AFS, loans held for sale, carried at fair value, derivatives and capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other financial assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets. See note #11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for a complete discussion on our use of fair valuation of financial instruments and the related measurement techniques.

LITIGATION MATTERS

The aggregate amount we have accrued for losses we consider probable as a result of litigation matters is immaterial. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of outcomes from any litigation matter, we believe it is reasonably possible we may incur losses in addition to the amounts we have accrued. At this time, we estimate the maximum amount of

59

additional losses that are reasonably possible is insignificant. However, because of a number of factors, including the fact that certain of these litigation matters are still in their early stages, this maximum amount may change in the future.

The litigation matters described in the preceding paragraph primarily include claims that have been brought against us for damages, but do not include litigation matters where we seek to collect amounts owed to us by third parties (such as litigation initiated to collect delinquent loans). These excluded, collection-related matters may involve claims or counterclaims by the opposing party or parties, but we have excluded such matters from the disclosure contained in the preceding paragraph in all cases where we believe the possibility of us paying damages to any opposing party is remote.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and conform to general practices within the banking industry. Accounting and reporting policies for the ACL and capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights are deemed critical since they involve the use of estimates and require significant management judgments. Application of assumptions different than those that we have used could result in material changes in our consolidated financial position or results of operations. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Item 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See applicable disclosures set forth in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 2 under the caption “Asset/liability management.”

Item 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a)Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

With the participation of management, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e)) for the period ended September 30, 2022, have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

(b)Changes in Internal Controls.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The Company maintains a Deferred Compensation and Stock Purchase Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "Plan") pursuant to which non-employee directors can elect to receive shares of the Company's common stock in lieu of fees otherwise payable to the director for his or her service as a director. A director can elect to receive shares on a current basis or to defer receipt of the shares, in which case the shares are issued to a trust to be held for the account of the director and then generally distributed to the director after his or her retirement from the Board. Pursuant to this Plan, during the third quarter of 2022, the Company issued 427 shares of common stock to non-employee directors on a current basis and 4,495 shares of common stock to the trust for distribution to directors on a deferred basis. These shares were issued on July 1, 2022 representing aggregate fees of $0.09 million. The shares on a current basis were issued at a price of $19.28 per share and the shares on a deferred basis were issued at a price of $17.35 per share, representing 90% of the fair value of the shares on the credit date. The price per share was the consolidated closing bid price per share of the Company's common stock as of the date of issuance, as determined in accordance with NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. The Company issued the shares pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 due to the fact that the issuance of the shares was made on a private basis pursuant to the Plan.

The following table shows certain information relating to repurchases of common stock for the three-months ended September 30, 2022:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan	Remaining Number of Shares Authorized for Purchase Under the Plan
July 2022	—	$	—	—	918,414
August 2022	1,666	21.06		—	918,414
September 2022	—	—		—	918,414
Total	1,666	$	21.06	—	918,414

(1)August includes 1,666 shares withheld from the shares that would otherwise have been issued to certain officers in order to satisfy the tax withholding obligations and stock option exercise price resulting from the exercise of stock options.

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Item 6. Exhibits

(a)	The following exhibits (listed by number corresponding to the Exhibit Table as Item 601 in Regulation S-K) are filed with this report:
	31.1	Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
	31.2	Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
	32.1	Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
	32.2	Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Independent Bank Corporation pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
	101.	INS Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
	101.	SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
	101.	CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
	101.	DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
	101.	LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
	101.	PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
	104	Cover page interactive data file (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date	November 4, 2022	By	/s/ Gavin A. Mohr
			Gavin A. Mohr, Principal Financial Officer
Date	November 4, 2022	By	/s/ James J. Twarozynski
			James J. Twarozynski, Principal Accounting Officer

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