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Retirement Benefits (Notes)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Defined Benefit Plans - Expense

The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):
Third Quarter
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide OPEB
 202220232022202320222023
Service cost$125 $74 $101 $62 $10 $5 
Interest cost263 413 123 245 36 58 
Expected return on assets(642)(474)(245)(227)— — 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
— — 6 7 (1)1 
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss7 176 — (7)— — 
Separation programs/other9 3 11 57 1 — 
Settlements and curtailments
1 20 — 1 — — 
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$(237)$212 $(4)$138 $46 $64 
First Nine Months
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide OPEB
 202220232022202320222023
Service cost$375 $221 $319 $184 $31 $16 
Interest cost790 1,226 390 724 110 173 
Expected return on assets(1,927)(1,440)(772)(669)— — 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
1 — 18 17 (2)3 
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss7 370 16 1 — — 
Separation programs/other20 15 28 118 — — 
Settlements and curtailments
1 65 — 2 — — 
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$(733)$457 $(1)$377 $139 $192 

The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements.

In the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, we paid lump sums for two of our pension plans, which resulted in remeasurement losses of $169 million and $371 million, respectively, and settlement expenses of $21 million and $67 million, respectively.

Pension Plan Contributions
During 2023, we continue to expect to contribute between $500 million and $600 million of cash to our global funded pension plans. We also expect to make about $400 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans. In the first nine months of 2023, we contributed $424 million to our global funded pension plans and made $301 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans.