Net Property (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

Net property at December 31 was as follows (in millions):

	2018			2019
Land	$	445		$	421
Buildings and land improvements	11,477			11,900
Machinery, equipment, and other	38,720			38,939
Software	3,349			3,691
Construction in progress	2,066			1,710
Total land, plant and equipment, and other	56,057			56,661
Accumulated depreciation	(30,243		)	(31,020		)
Net land, plant and equipment, and other	25,814			25,641
Tooling, net of amortization	10,364			10,828
Total	$	36,178		$	36,469

Property-related expenses, excluding net investment in operating leases, for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):

	2017		2018		2019
Depreciation and other amortization	$	2,292	$	2,504	$	3,449
Tooling amortization	2,695		2,909		3,409
Total (a)	$	4,987	$	5,413	$	6,858
Maintenance and rearrangement	$	1,970	$	1,994	$	1,963

__________

(a)

Includes impairment of held-for-sale long-lived assets in 2019.  See Note 24 for additional information.