Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Guarantee obligations [Table Text Block]

The maximum potential payments and the carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees and limited indemnities were as follows (in millions):

	December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018
Maximum potential payments	$	1,397	$	1,377
Carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees and limited indemnities	408		391

Warranty [Table Text Block]

The estimate of our future warranty and field service action costs, net of supplier recoveries, for the periods ended September 30 was as follows (in millions):

	First Nine Months
	2017			2018
Beginning balance	$	4,960		$	5,296
Payments made during the period	(2,596		)	(3,107		)
Changes in accrual related to warranties issued during the period	1,588			1,832
Changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties	968			792
Foreign currency translation and other	111			(103		)
Ending balance	$	5,031		$	4,710