Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Guarantee obligations [Table Text Block]

The maximum potential payments and the carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees and limited indemnities were as follows (in millions):

	December 31, 2017		June 30, 2018
Maximum potential payments	$	1,397	$	1,673
Carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees and limited indemnities	408		486

Warranty [Table Text Block]

The estimate of our future warranty and field service action costs, net of supplier recoveries, for the periods ended June 30 was as follows (in millions):

	First Half
	2017			2018
Beginning balance	$	4,960		$	5,296
Payments made during the period	(1,710		)	(1,911		)
Changes in accrual related to warranties issued during the period	1,272			1,252
Changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties	582			337
Foreign currency translation and other	71			(96		)
Ending balance	$	5,175		$	4,878