Retirement Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of defined benefit plans expense [Table Text Block]

The pre-tax expense for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):

	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans									Non-U.S. Plans									Worldwide OPEB
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011			2010			2012			2011			2010
Service cost	$	521		$	467		$	376		$	372		$	327		$	314		$	67		$	63		$	54
Interest cost	2,208			2,374			2,530			1,189			1,227			1,249			290			327			338
Expected return on assets	(2,873		)	(3,028		)	(3,172		)	(1,340		)	(1,404		)	(1,337		)	—			—			—
Amortization of
Prior service costs/(credits)	220			343			370			72			72			75			(545		)	(612		)	(617		)
(Gains)/Losses	425			194			20			412			301			218			129			94			92
Separation programs/other	7			1			(2		)	162			170			54			2			10			5
(Gains)/Losses from curtailments and settlements	250			—			—			—			111			—			(11		)	(26		)	(30		)
Net expense/(income)	$	758		$	351		$	122		$	867		$	804		$	573		$	(68	)	$	(144	)	$	(158	)

Schedule Of Defined Benefit Plan Obligations [Table Text Block]

The year-end status of these plans was as follows (dollar amounts in millions):

	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						Worldwide OPEB
	2012			2011			2012			2011			2012			2011
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at January 1	$	48,816		$	46,647		$	25,163		$	23,385		$	6,593		$	6,423
Service cost	521			467			372			327			67			63
Interest cost	2,208			2,374			1,189			1,227			290			327
Amendments	(39		)	5			222			38			(156		)	(62		)
Separation programs and other	(40		)	(52		)	202			196			3			10
Curtailments	—			—			—			—			—			(50		)
Settlements	(1,123		)	—			—			(152		)	—			—
Plan participant contributions	27			23			36			46			29			29
Benefits paid	(3,427		)	(3,534		)	(1,420		)	(1,373		)	(454		)	(473		)
Foreign exchange translation	—			—			803			(441		)	47			(62		)
Divestiture	—			—			—			—			—			—
Actuarial (gain)/loss	5,182			2,886			4,135			1,910			391			388
Benefit obligation at December 31	$	52,125		$	48,816		$	30,702		$	25,163		$	6,810		$	6,593
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at January 1	$	39,414		$	39,960		$	19,198		$	18,615		$	—		$	—
Actual return on plan assets	5,455			2,887			1,637			934			—			—
Company contributions	2,134			132			1,629			1,403			—			—
Plan participant contributions	27			23			36			46			—			—
Benefits paid	(3,427		)	(3,534		)	(1,420		)	(1,373		)	—			—
Settlements	(1,123		)	—			—			(152		)	—			—
Foreign exchange translation	—			—			641			(267		)	—			—
Divestiture	—			—			—			—			—			—
Other	(85		)	(54		)	(8		)	(8		)	—			—
Fair value of plan assets at December 31	$	42,395		$	39,414		$	21,713		$	19,198		$	—		$	—
Funded status at December 31	$	(9,730	)	$	(9,402	)	$	(8,989	)	$	(5,965	)	$	(6,810	)	$	(6,593	)
Amounts Recognized on the Balance Sheet
Prepaid assets	$	—		$	—		$	85		$	114		$	—		$	—
Accrued liabilities	(9,730		)	(9,402		)	(9,074		)	(6,079		)	(6,810		)	(6,593		)
Total	$	(9,730	)	$	(9,402	)	$	(8,989	)	$	(5,965	)	$	(6,810	)	$	(6,593	)
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (pre-tax)
Unamortized prior service costs/(credits)	$	938		$	1,197		$	487		$	323		$	(1,263	)	$	(1,648	)
Unamortized net (gains)/losses	11,349			9,394			11,375			7,612			2,594			2,305
Total	$	12,287		$	10,591		$	11,862		$	7,935		$	1,331		$	657
Pension Plans in which Accumulated Benefit Obligation Exceeds Plan Assets at December 31
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	50,821		$	47,555		$	21,653		$	18,138
Fair value of plan assets	42,395			39,414			14,625			13,207
Accumulated Benefit Obligation at December 31	$	50,821		$	47,555		$	28,136		$	23,524
Pension Plans in which Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds Plan Assets at December 31
Projected benefit obligation	$	52,125		$	48,816		$	29,984		$	24,184
Fair value of plan assets	42,395			39,414			20,910			18,105
Projected Benefit Obligation at December 31	$	52,125		$	48,816		$	30,702		$	25,163

Schedule of Assumptions Used [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes the assumptions used to determine benefit obligation and expense:

	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans				Non-U.S. Plans				U.S. OPEB
	2012		2011		2012		2011		2012		2011
Weighted Average Assumptions at December 31
Discount rate	3.84	%	4.64	%	3.92	%	4.84	%	3.80	%	4.60	%
Expected long-term rate of return on assets	7.38		7.50		6.74		6.77		—		—
Average rate of increase in compensation	3.80		3.80		3.41		3.39		3.80		3.80
Assumptions Used to Determine Net Benefit Cost for the Year Ended December 31
Discount rate	4.64	%	5.24	%	4.84	%	5.31	%	4.60	%	5.20	%
Expected long-term rate of return on assets	7.50		8.00		6.77		7.20		—		—
Average rate of increase in compensation	3.80		3.80		3.39		3.34		3.80		3.80

Schedule of Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to be Recognized over Next Fiscal Year [Table Text Block]

The amounts in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) that are expected to be recognized as components of net expense/(income) during 2013 are as follows (in millions):

	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		Worldwide OPEB			Total
Prior service cost/(credit)	$	174	$	68	$	(286	)	$	(44	)
(Gains)/Losses	778		707		160			1,645

Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments [Table Text Block]

The following table presents estimated future gross benefit payments (in millions):

	Gross Benefit Payments
	Pension
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		Worldwide OPEB
2013	$	5,940	$	1,370	$	440
2014	3,320		1,350		400
2015	3,250		1,380		390
2016	3,200		1,410		390
2017	3,160		1,450		380
2018 - 2022	15,330		7,690		1,890

Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]

The fair value of our pension benefits plan assets (including dividends and interest receivables of $274 million and $84 million for U.S. and non-U.S. plans, respectively) by asset category was as follows (in millions):

U.S. Plans	December 31, 2012
	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3		Total
Asset Category
Equity
U.S. companies	$	7,544		$	48		$	15	$	7,607
International companies	4,971			133			3		5,107
Derivative financial instruments (a)	—			—			—		—
Total equity	12,515			181			18		12,714
Fixed Income
U.S. government	2,523			—			—		2,523
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (b)	—			3,236			3		3,239
Non-U.S. government	—			2,884			32		2,916
Corporate bonds (c)
Investment grade	—			10,581			80		10,661
High yield	—			1,386			14		1,400
Other credit	—			28			50		78
Mortgage/other asset-backed	—			1,183			115		1,298
Commingled funds	—			477			—		477
Derivative financial instruments (a)
Interest rate contracts	(31		)	15			—		(16		)
Credit contracts	—			2			—		2
Other contracts	—			(122		)	—		(122		)
Total fixed income	2,492			19,670			294		22,456
Alternatives
Hedge funds (d)	—			—			3,121		3,121
Private equity (e)	—			—			2,412		2,412
Real estate (f)	—			—			457		457
Total alternatives	—			—			5,990		5,990
Cash and cash equivalents (g)	—			1,844			57		1,901
Other (h)	(681		)	15			—		(666		)
Total assets at fair value	$	14,326		$	21,710		$	6,359	$	42,395

_______

(a) Net derivative position.  

(b) Debt securities primarily issued by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs").

(c) "Investment grade" bonds are those rated Baa3/BBB or higher by at least two rating agencies; "High yield" bonds are those rated below investment grade; "Other credit" refers to non-rated bonds.

(d) Funds investing in diverse hedge fund strategies with the following composition of underlying hedge fund investments within the U.S. pension plans at December 31, 2012:  global macro (39%), event-driven (21%), equity long/short (17%), relative value (13%), and multi-strategy (10%).

(e) Diversified investments in private equity funds with the following strategies:  buyout (60%), venture capital (25%), mezzanine/distressed (8%), and other (7%).  Allocations are estimated based on latest available data for managers reflecting June 30, 2012 holdings.

(f) Investment in private property funds broadly classified as core (54%), value-added and opportunistic (46%).

(g) Primarily short-term investment funds to provide liquidity to plan investment managers and cash held to pay benefits.

(h) Primarily cash related to net pending security (purchases)/sales and net pending foreign currency purchases/(sales).

NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

Non-U.S. Plans	December 31, 2012
	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Asset Category
Equity
U.S. companies	$	3,221		$	223		$	—		$	3,444
International companies	3,424			188			1			3,613
Derivative financial instruments (a)	—			—			—			—
Total equity	6,645			411			1			7,057
Fixed Income
U.S. government	99			—			—			99
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (b)	—			6			—			6
Non-U.S. government	—			5,841			41			5,882
Corporate bonds (c)
Investment grade	—			1,147			22			1,169
High yield	—			268			1			269
Other credit	—			13			6			19
Mortgage/other asset-backed	—			168			28			196
Commingled funds	—			504			—			504
Derivative financial instruments (a)
Interest rate contracts	—			4			(1		)	3
Credit contracts	—			(1		)	—			(1		)
Other contracts	—			—			—			—
Total fixed income	99			7,950			97			8,146
Alternatives
Hedge funds (d)	—			—			1,142			1,142
Private equity (e)	—			—			236			236
Real estate (f)	—			1			329			330
Total alternatives	—			1			1,707			1,708
Cash and cash equivalents (g)	—			867			—			867
Other (h)	(751		)	16			4,670			3,935
Total assets at fair value	$	5,993		$	9,245		$	6,475		$	21,713

_______

(a) Net derivative position.  

(b) Debt securities primarily issued by GSEs.

(c) "Investment grade" bonds are those rated Baa3/BBB or higher by at least two rating agencies; "High yield" bonds are those rated below investment grade; "Other credit" refers to non-rated bonds.

(d) Funds investing in diversified portfolio of underlying hedge funds.  At December 31, 2012, the composition of underlying hedge fund investments (within the U.K. and Canada pension plans) was:  event-driven (36%), equity long/short (26%), multi-strategy (14%), global macro (13%) and relative value (11%).

(e) Investments in private investment funds (funds of funds) pursuing strategies broadly classified as venture capital and buyouts.

(f) Investment in private property funds broadly classified as core (31%), value-added and opportunistic (69%).  Also includes investment in real assets.

(g) Primarily short-term investment funds to provide liquidity to plan investment managers.

(h) Primarily Ford-Werke GmbH ("Ford-Werke") plan assets (insurance contract valued at $3,609 million) and cash related to net pending security (purchases)/sales and net pending foreign currency purchases/(sales).

NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

The fair value of our pension benefits plan assets (including dividends and interest receivables of $291 million and $78 million for U.S. and non-U.S. plans, respectively) by asset category was as follows (in millions):

U.S. Plans	December 31, 2011
	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Asset Category
Equity
U.S. companies	$	7,331		$	44		$	12		$	7,387
International companies	5,565			32			3			5,600
Commingled funds	—			244			3			247
Derivative financial instruments (a)	—			—			—			—
Total equity	12,896			320			18			13,234
Fixed Income
U.S. government	4,084			—			—			4,084
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (b)	—			4,581			7			4,588
Non-U.S. government	—			1,375			169			1,544
Corporate bonds (c)
Investment grade	—			9,061			33			9,094
High yield	—			1,280			11			1,291
Other credit	—			17			18			35
Mortgage/other asset-backed	—			1,348			54			1,402
Commingled funds	—			258			—			258
Derivative financial instruments (a)
Interest rate contracts	13			28			(3		)	38
Credit contracts	—			(8		)	—			(8		)
Other contracts	—			(265		)	9			(256		)
Total fixed income	4,097			17,675			298			22,070
Alternatives
Hedge funds (d)	—			—			2,968			2,968
Private equity (e)	—			—			2,085			2,085
Real estate (f)	—			—			362			362
Total alternatives	—			—			5,415			5,415
Cash and cash equivalents (g)	—			1,477			1			1,478
Other (h)	(2,798		)	18			(3		)	(2,783		)
Total assets at fair value	$	14,195		$	19,490		$	5,729		$	39,414

_______

(a) Net derivative position.  

(b) Debt securities primarily issued by GSEs.

(c) "Investment grade" bonds are those rated Baa3/BBB or higher by at least two rating agencies; "High yield" bonds are those rated below investment grade; "Other credit" refers to non-rated bonds.

(d) Funds investing in diverse hedge fund strategies (primarily commingled fund of funds) with the following composition of underlying hedge fund investments within the U.S. pension plans at December 31, 2011:  global macro (42%), equity long/short (21%), event-driven (18%), relative value (11%), and multi-strategy (8%).

(e) Diversified investments in private equity funds with the following strategies:  buyout (61%), venture capital (25%), mezzanine/distressed (8%), and other (6%).  Allocations are estimated based on latest available data for managers reflecting June 30, 2011 holdings.

(f) Investment in private property funds broadly classified as core (64%), value-added and opportunistic (36%).

(g) Primarily short-term investment funds to provide liquidity to plan investment managers and cash held to pay benefits.

(h) Primarily cash related to net pending trade purchases/sales and net pending foreign exchange purchases/sales.

NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

Non-U.S. Plans	December 31, 2011
	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Asset Category
Equity
U.S. companies	$	2,596		$	181		$	—		$	2,777
International companies	2,906			154			1			3,061
Derivative financial instruments (a)	—			—			—			—
Total equity	5,502			335			1			5,838
Fixed Income
U.S. government	33			—			—			33
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (b)	—			16			—			16
Non-U.S. government	2			5,805			122			5,929
Corporate bonds (c)
Investment grade	—			975			11			986
High yield	—			271			—			271
Other credit	—			15			—			15
Mortgage/other asset-backed	—			189			6			195
Commingled funds	—			415			—			415
Derivative financial instruments (a)
Interest rate contracts	—			(15		)	(6		)	(21		)
Credit contracts	—			(1		)	—			(1		)
Other contracts	—			(1		)	—			(1		)
Total fixed income	35			7,669			133			7,837
Alternatives
Hedge funds (d)	—			—			1,053			1,053
Private equity (e)	—			—			123			123
Real estate (f)	—			1			160			161
Total alternatives	—			1			1,336			1,337
Cash and cash equivalents (g)	—			370			—			370
Other (h)	(554		)	12			4,358			3,816
Total assets at fair value	$	4,983		$	8,387		$	5,828		$	19,198

_______

(a) Net derivative position. 

(b) Debt securities primarily issued by GSEs.

(c) "Investment grade" bonds are those rated Baa3/BBB or higher by at least two rating agencies; "High yield" bonds are those rated below investment grade; "Other credit" refers to non-rated bonds.

(d) Funds investing in diversified portfolio of underlying hedge funds (commingled fund of funds).  At December 31, 2011, the composition of underlying hedge fund investments (within the U.K. and Canada pension plans) was:  event-driven (30%), equity long/short (27%), global macro (14%), multi-strategy (14%), relative value (11%), and cash (4%).

(e) Investments in private investment funds (funds of funds) pursuing strategies broadly classified as venture capital and buyouts.

(f) Investment in private property funds broadly classified as core (13%), value-added and opportunistic (87%).  Also includes investment in real assets.

(g) Primarily short-term investment funds to provide liquidity to plan investment managers.

(h) Primarily Ford-Werke plan assets (insurance contract valued at $3,406 million) and cash related to net pending trade purchases/sales and net pending foreign exchange purchases/sales.

Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 pension benefits plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the year ended December 31, 2012 (in millions):

U.S. Plans	2012
				Return on plan assets									Transfers
	Fair Value at January 1, 2012			Attributable to Assets Held at December 31, 2012			Attributable to Assets Sold			Net Purchases/ (Settlements)			Into Level 3		Out of  Level 3			Fair Value at December 31, 2012
Asset Category
Equity
U.S. companies	$	15		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	15
International companies	3			—			3			(3		)	1		(1		)	3
Derivative financial instruments	—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Total equity	18			—			3			(3		)	1		(1		)	18
Fixed Income
U.S. government	—			—			—			—			—		—			—
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	8			—			—			(5		)	—		—			3
Non-U.S. government	169			2			5			(137		)	5		(12		)	32
Corporate bonds
Investment grade	33			5			(4		)	14			42		(10		)	80
High yield	11			1			1			4			1		(4		)	14
Other credit	17			5			—			28			—		—			50
Mortgage/other asset-backed	54			1			3			43			21		(7		)	115
Derivative financial instruments
Interest rate contracts	(3		)	—			5			(2		)	—		—			—
Credit contracts	—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Other contracts	9			(3		)	(14		)	12			—		(4		)	—
Total fixed income	298			11			(4		)	(43		)	69		(37		)	294
Alternatives
Hedge funds	2,968			189			(6		)	(30		)	—		—			3,121
Private equity	2,085			201			—			126			—		—			2,412
Real estate	362			31			1			63			—		—			457
Total alternatives	5,415			421			(5		)	159			—		—			5,990
Other	(2		)	2			—			67			—		(10		)	57
Total Level 3 fair value	$	5,729		$	434		$	(6	)	$	180		$	70	$	(48	)	$	6,359

NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

Non-U.S. Plans	2012
				Return on plan assets								Transfers
	Fair Value at January 1, 2012			Attributable to Assets Held at December 31, 2012		Attributable to Assets Sold			Net Purchases/ (Settlements)			Into Level 3		Out of  Level 3			Fair Value at December 31, 2012
Asset Category
Equity
U.S. companies	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—
International companies	1			—		—			—			—		—			1
Total equity	1			—		—			—			—		—			1
Fixed Income
U.S. government	—			—		—			—			—		—			—
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	—			—		—			—			—		—			—
Non-U.S. government	122			1		9			(31		)	—		(60		)	41
Corporate bonds
Investment grade	11			1		1			4			5		—			22
High yield	—			—		—			1			—		—			1
Other credit	—			—		—			6			—		—			6
Mortgage/other asset-backed	6			—		—			14			8		—			28
Commingled funds	—			—		—			—			—		—			—
Derivative financial instruments	(6		)	—		(3		)	—			8		—			(1		)
Total fixed income	133			2		7			(6		)	21		(60		)	97
Alternatives
Hedge funds	1,053			79		10			—			—		—			1,142
Private equity	123			14		—			99			—		—			236
Real estate	160			4		(1		)	166			—		—			329
Total alternatives	1,336			97		9			265			—		—			1,707
Other (a)	4,358			312		—			—			—		—			4,670
Total Level 3 fair value	$	5,828		$	411	$	16		$	259		$	21	$	(60	)	$	6,475

_______

(a) Primarily Ford-Werke plan assets (insurance contract valued at $3,609 million).

NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 pension benefits plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the year ended December 31, 2011 (in millions):

U.S. Plans	2011
				Return on plan assets									Transfers
	Fair Value at January 1, 2011			Attributable to Assets Held at December 31, 2011			Attributable to Assets Sold			Net Purchases/ (Settlements)			Into Level 3		Out of  Level 3			Fair Value at December 31, 2011
Asset Category
Equity
U.S. companies	$	16		$	(1	)	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	15
International companies	6			—			(1		)	(1		)	—		(1		)	3
Derivative financial instruments	—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Total equity	22			(1		)	(1		)	(1		)	—		(1		)	18
Fixed Income
U.S. government	—			—			—			—			—		—			—
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	14			—			—			(5		)	—		(1		)	8
Non-U.S. government	280			(2		)	(3		)	(86		)	13		(33		)	169
Corporate bonds
Investment grade	28			4			2			18			3		(22		)	33
High yield	2			(1		)	—			8			3		(1		)	11
Other credit	50			(1		)	—			(32		)	—		—			17
Mortgage/other asset-backed	125			(3		)	1			(38		)	4		(35		)	54
Derivative financial instruments
Interest rate contracts	(2		)	—			(1		)	—			—		—			(3		)
Credit contracts	—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Other contracts	—			25			(8		)	(8		)	—		—			9
Total fixed income	497			22			(9		)	(143		)	23		(92		)	298
Alternatives
Hedge funds	2,854			10			(22		)	126			—		—			2,968
Private equity	1,491			244			—			350			—		—			2,085
Real estate	120			39			—			203			—		—			362
Total alternatives	4,465			293			(22		)	679			—		—			5,415
Other	(3		)	—			—			1			—		—			(2		)
Total Level 3 fair value	$	4,981		$	314		$	(32	)	$	536		$	23	$	(93	)	$	5,729

NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

Non-U.S. Plans	2011
			Return on plan assets									Transfers
	Fair Value at January 1, 2011		Attributable to Assets Held at December 31, 2011			Attributable to Assets Sold			Net Purchases/ (Settlements)			Into Level 3		Out of  Level 3			Fair Value at December 31, 2011
Asset Category
Equity
U.S. companies	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—
International companies	10		—			—			(5		)	1		(5		)	1
Commingled funds	—		—			—			—			—		—			—
Total equity	10		—			—			(5		)	1		(5		)	1
Fixed Income
U.S. government	—		—			—			—			—		—			—
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	—		—			—			—			—		—			—
Non-U.S. government	103		(6		)	1			28			—		(4		)	122
Corporate bonds
Investment grade	15		(1		)	1			(7		)	3		—			11
High yield	20		—			—			(10		)	—		(10		)	—
Other credit	—		—			—			—			—		—			—
Mortgage/other asset-backed	34		—			1			(24		)	1		(6		)	6
Commingled funds	8		—			—			(8		)	—		—			—
Derivative financial instruments	—		—			(2		)	(4		)	—		—			(6		)
Total fixed income	180		(7		)	1			(25		)	4		(20		)	133
Alternatives
Hedge funds	711		(31		)	11			362			—		—			1,053
Private equity	31		(3		)	—			95			—		—			123
Real estate	11		6			—			143			—		—			160
Total alternatives	753		(28		)	11			600			—		—			1,336
Other (a)	4,380		(22		)	—			—			—		—			4,358
Total Level 3 fair value	$	5,323	$	(57	)	$	12		$	570		$	5	$	(25	)	$	5,828

_______

(a) Primarily Ford-Werke plan assets (insurance contract valued at $3,406 million).